CN112013834A - Astronomical navigation-based inter-satellite link autonomous recovery method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an inter-satellite link autonomous recovery method and system based on astronomical navigation, comprising the following steps: when the satellite state is suddenly changed, current satellite orbit information is determined through astronomical navigation, and a link between a satellite and other satellites is restored; introducing a suboptimal fading factor lambda into an astronomical navigation extended Kalman filter, and performing strong tracking filtering to enable satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation to quickly approach a real satellite orbit, so as to accelerate inter-satellite recovery link establishment; generating inter-satellite observation information through the inter-satellite recovery link building; generating initial track information by utilizing astronomical navigation; and recovering the inter-satellite observation information and the initial orbit information to perform inter-satellite link autonomous navigation. The invention makes full use of the complete autonomy of astronomical navigation and the rapid convergence of strong tracking, and has rapid link recovery capability when the inter-satellite link is interrupted due to the sudden change of the satellite state. The invention effectively improves the autonomous operation capability of the inter-satellite link navigation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite navigation, in particular to an autonomous recovery method and system for an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation.
Background
The inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is not a fully autonomous satellite navigation. To determine the satellite navigation information, inter-satellite ranging and inter-satellite information exchange are first completed. Therefore, one satellite in the constellation has a fault, and the link establishment precision and the autonomous navigation precision of the whole network satellite are affected. The stability of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is poor. Furthermore, inter-satellite link navigation algorithms also lack the ability to recover from autonomic failures. The satellite and other satellites need to obtain self orbit information in real time to adjust the link pointing direction, and once the satellite is mobile or the satellite attitude is unstable, the satellite link cannot be aligned with other satellites to build the link. More seriously, the observation information cannot be acquired through the link building to correct the orbit error, so that the link building cannot be automatically recovered between the satellites, and the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm cannot be used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an autonomous recovery method and system of an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, and the method and system provided by the invention are used for solving the problem that the existing inter-satellite link cannot be autonomously recovered and built under the condition of failure.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an autonomous recovery method of an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, which comprises the following steps:
when the satellite state is suddenly changed, determining satellite orbit information through astronomical navigation, and restoring a link between a satellite and other satellites;
introducing a suboptimal fading factor lambda into an astronomical navigation extended Kalman filter, and performing strong tracking filtering to enable satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation to quickly approach a real satellite orbit, so as to accelerate inter-satellite recovery link establishment;
establishing a link through the inter-satellite recovery to realize inter-satellite distance measurement and generate inter-satellite observation information;
generating initial orbit information of an inter-satellite link by using astronomical navigation;
and recovering to carry out autonomous navigation on the inter-satellite link by utilizing the inter-satellite observation information and the initial orbit information of the inter-satellite link.
Optionally, in the autonomous recovery method of inter-satellite links based on astronomical navigation, when the satellite state changes suddenly, determining the satellite orbit information by the astronomical navigation includes:
calculating one-step forecast information of the satellite orbit through a satellite dynamics model;
generating astronomical navigation observation information by collecting information through a star sensor and an earth sensor;
and introducing the one-step forecast information and the observation information into an extended Kalman filter, and optimizing to obtain the satellite real-time satellite orbit information.
Optionally, in the method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, generating astronomical navigation observation information by collecting information by a star sensor and an earth sensor includes:
the star sensor acquires the coordinates of a main star point on the charge coupled device, and calculates to obtain a unit vector of the fixed star under a star sensitive coordinate system;
converting the unit vector of the fixed star under the star sensitive coordinate system into the unit vector of the fixed star under the body system by utilizing the attitude conversion matrix from the star sensitive coordinate system to the body system;
observing through an earth sensor to obtain a unit geocentric vector under an earth sensitive coordinate system, and calculating the unit geocentric vector under a body coordinate system;
calculating the star light angular distance of the observed quantity according to the obtained star unit vector under the system and the unit geocentric vector under the system:
wherein，
Is a unit star vector representation under a satellite body coordinate system,
is a unit geocentric vector, a, in the satellite body coordinate systemsAnd the star angular distance observation information is obtained.
Optionally, in the autonomous recovery method for an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, a suboptimal evanescent factor λ is introduced into the extended kalman filter, and strong tracking filtering is performed to enable satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation to quickly approach a real satellite orbit, so as to accelerate the inter-satellite recovery link establishment, including:
introducing a suboptimal fading factor λ into a prediction covariance matrix P of the extended Kalman filterk/k-1In (1), expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for a track state transition matrix from time k-1 to time k, Pk-1Is the covariance matrix at time k-1.
Optionally, in the method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, the sub-optimal fading factor λ satisfies
Wherein HkFor observing the matrix, expressed as in astronomical navigation
RkFor observing the noise matrix, denoted R in astronomical navigationk＝(υCEL)2；
QkExpressed as process noise matrix in astronomical navigation
VkThe innovation covariance matrix, which is the actual output of the filter, is expressed in astronomical navigation as:
where ρ is a forgetting factor, ρ is 0.95, and is filter output information, which is expressed in astronomical navigation as:
optionally, in the method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, the suboptimal fading factor λ is regarded as a single-order factor, and the calculation method includes:
optionally, in the method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, inter-satellite ranging is implemented by recovering and establishing the inter-satellite link, and generating inter-satellite observation information includes:
the original information of the two-way distance measurement between satellites is as follows:
where ρ isAB，ρBARespectively are two-way distance measurement values between A and B stars,
is a theoretical value of the two-way distance measurement between the satellites; t is tA，tBThe clock difference of A and B stars is obtained;
the error values of the two-way measurement between the satellites respectively comprise a receiving and transmitting time delay error, an antenna phase center deviation, a relativistic effect error and an ionized layer delay error;
adding two formulas in the equation set of the formula (7) to obtain an equation as shown in the formula (8):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the inter-satellite bidirectional measurement error is obtained;
namely the inter-satellite observation information.
Optionally, in the method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, recovering the inter-satellite link by using the inter-satellite observation information and the initial orbit information of the inter-satellite link includes:
generating orbit information by astronomical navigation to be used as initial orbit estimation of inter-satellite link navigation;
obtaining high-precision inter-satellite observation information by using inter-satellite ranging and error processing;
and iteratively obtaining high-precision satellite navigation information by using the extended Kalman filter.
The invention also provides an intersatellite link autonomous recovery system based on astronomical navigation, which comprises the following steps:
the strong tracking astronomical navigation module is configured to determine satellite orbit information through astronomical navigation when the satellite state is suddenly changed, so that a link is restored between a satellite and other satellites; a suboptimal fading factor lambda is introduced into an astronomical navigation filter to carry out strong tracking filtering, so that satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation is quickly approximated to a real satellite orbit, and the inter-satellite recovery link establishment is accelerated;
the inter-satellite link establishment recovery module is configured to determine satellite orbit information according to astronomical navigation, and adjust inter-satellite link pointing to realize inter-satellite link establishment recovery;
the observation information module is configured to realize inter-satellite distance measurement and generate inter-satellite observation information through inter-satellite recovery link establishment;
an initial orbit information module configured to generate inter-satellite link initial orbit information using astronomical navigation;
and the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation module is configured to recover and perform inter-satellite link autonomous navigation by utilizing the inter-satellite observation information and the inter-satellite link initial orbit information.
In the method and the system for autonomously recovering the inter-satellite link based on the astronomical navigation, the invention point 1 utilizes the complete autonomous characteristic of the astronomical navigation, and the satellite orbit information determined by the astronomical navigation is introduced into the link pointing algorithm to recover the link between the satellite and other satellites, so that the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation algorithm has the capability of autonomously recovering the operation; according to the invention, point 2, a strong tracking suboptimal fading factor lambda is introduced into an astronomical navigation extended Kalman filter, so that satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation quickly approaches to a real satellite orbit, the recovery operation of an inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is accelerated, and the autonomous recovery performance of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is further improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inter-satellite link autonomous navigation method based on astronomical navigation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an inter-satellite link autonomous recovery method based on astronomical navigation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a diagram of accuracy of errors in navigation positions of astronomical navigation in stable operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a diagram of accuracy of astronomical navigation speed errors during stable operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the pointing azimuth error precision of the inter-satellite link during stable operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the accuracy of the pointing elevation error of the inter-satellite link in stable operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the accuracy of the error of the navigation position of the astronomical navigation when the state of the embodiment of the present invention changes suddenly;
FIG. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the accuracy of the navigation speed error of astronomical navigation when the state of the navigation system suddenly changes according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the pointing azimuth error precision of the inter-satellite link when the state of the satellite suddenly changes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the precision of the pointing elevation error of the inter-satellite link when the state of the satellite suddenly changes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a PRN01 inter-satellite Link autonomous navigation URE error map at initial convergence in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 7(b) is a PRN01 inter-satellite link autonomous navigation URE error map for stable operation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The autonomous recovery method and system for inter-satellite links based on astronomical navigation proposed by the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, features from different embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other, unless otherwise indicated. For example, a feature of the second embodiment may be substituted for a corresponding or functionally equivalent or similar feature of the first embodiment, and the resulting embodiments are likewise within the scope of the disclosure or recitation of the present application.
The core idea of the invention is to provide an autonomous recovery method and system of an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation, so as to solve the problem that the existing inter-satellite link cannot be autonomously recovered and built under the condition of failure.
In order to realize the thought, the invention provides an inter-satellite link autonomous recovery method and system based on astronomical navigation, comprising the following steps: when the satellite state is suddenly changed, determining satellite orbit information through astronomical navigation, and restoring a link between a satellite and other satellites; introducing a suboptimal fading factor lambda into an astronomical navigation extended Kalman filter, and performing strong tracking filtering to enable satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation to quickly approach a real satellite orbit, so as to accelerate inter-satellite recovery link establishment; establishing a link through the inter-satellite recovery to realize inter-satellite distance measurement and generate inter-satellite observation information; generating initial orbit information of an inter-satellite link by using astronomical navigation; and recovering to carry out autonomous navigation on the inter-satellite link by utilizing the inter-satellite observation information and the initial orbit information of the inter-satellite link.
The inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is a semi-autonomous navigation algorithm, and has the defects of poor stability, incapability of autonomous recovery of faults and the like. An astronomical navigation algorithm is provided to improve the stable operation capability of an inter-satellite link algorithm. The algorithm determines inter-satellite link establishment direction by utilizing the extremely high stability and complete autonomy of astronomical navigation so as to ensure stable inter-satellite link establishment. In addition, the algorithm adds a strong tracking filtering link in astronomical navigation, so that the algorithm has rapid autonomous orbit determination and link establishment recovery capability when the inter-satellite link is interrupted due to deviation of orbit information. Simulation tests show that when the satellite runs stably, the elevation angle and azimuth angle pointing errors of the inter-satellite link are smaller than 0.1 degree by using the algorithm. And after the link is interrupted by orbital maneuver, the algorithm can quickly recover the link establishment of the satellite. The simulation test verifies the effectiveness of the astronomical navigation algorithm.
In order to improve the navigation precision and the wartime autonomous operation capacity, each satellite navigation system develops the research work of a satellite autonomous navigation algorithm. The united states GPS satellite system first initiated such a study. In 1984, Ananda first proposed a navigation satellite autonomous navigation technique that does not rely on ground monitoring system support, but only utilizes inter-satellite ranging information. The autonomous navigation technology is successfully applied to GPS BLOCK IIR satellites. And the GPS BLOCK IIR satellite corrects the long-term forecast ephemeris through the inter-satellite bidirectional ranging information, and the user ranging error is less than 3m within 75 days.
A new generation of Beidou global navigation satellite system also introduces an inter-satellite link measurement system and develops an inter-satellite link autonomous navigation test. Different from UHF frequency band inter-satellite links adopted by GPS BLOCK IIR satellites, the Beidou global navigation satellite adopts Ka frequency band inter-satellite links with higher ranging precision and stronger communication capability. Through on-orbit test evaluation, the Ka link inter-satellite distance measurement precision is better than 10cm, and the communication speed can reach 50-100 kbps. And through the phased array technology, the satellite can realize rapid inter-satellite Ka link switching link establishment, and link establishment with 14 other satellites can be generally completed within a period of 5 minutes. At present, the Beidou satellite autonomous navigation technology is still in the whole network joint test stage, and autonomous navigation precision is not published yet. Meanwhile, the Beidou satellite also develops related research of the laser inter-satellite link, completes demonstration work of a Beidou satellite networking scheme based on the laser inter-satellite link, and strives to further improve the orbit and time synchronization precision of the navigation satellite.
In order to enable the navigation satellite to have the capability of autonomous operation, the satellite needs to have the capability of long-term stable operation and fault recovery besides the capability of autonomous navigation precision promotion and autonomous broadcasting of high-precision space-time reference. Because the inter-satellite link algorithm is a semi-autonomous navigation algorithm and has poor stability, research on a method for improving the stable operation capability of the algorithm is urgently needed. However, no effective solution is available at present.
In particular, the inter-satellite link algorithm is not a fully autonomous satellite navigation algorithm. To determine the satellite navigation information, the algorithm first needs to complete inter-satellite ranging and inter-satellite information exchange. Therefore, one satellite in the constellation has a fault, and the link establishment precision and the autonomous navigation precision of the whole network satellite are affected. The stability of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is poor. Furthermore, inter-satellite link algorithms also lack the ability to recover from autonomic failures. The satellite and other satellites need to obtain self orbit information in real time to adjust the link pointing direction, and once the satellite is mobile or the satellite attitude is unstable, the satellite link cannot be aligned with other satellites to build the link. More seriously, because observation information cannot be acquired through link establishment to correct the orbit error, the inter-satellite link establishment cannot be automatically recovered, and an inter-satellite link algorithm cannot be used.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an inter-satellite link autonomous recovery method based on astronomical navigation so as to improve the stable operation capability of an inter-satellite link navigation algorithm. Firstly, the astronomical navigation algorithm does not need to exchange information with the outside, and has extremely high stability and complete autonomy. Therefore, the output orbit information of the astronomical navigation algorithm can be used for determining the link direction, so that the satellite and other satellites can stably build a link for a long time, and the long-term stable operation of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm is ensured. Furthermore, the astronomical navigation algorithm can acquire required astronomical information at any orientation to obtain current satellite orbit information. Thus, when the satellite attitude is unstable or the satellite-borne orbit information is deviated due to the orbital maneuver so that the link is broken, the astronomical navigation can determine the current satellite orbit, so that the satellite and other satellites can be re-linked. According to the method, a strong tracking filtering algorithm is added into an astronomical navigation algorithm, so that the astronomical navigation algorithm rapidly converges the orbit deviation on the satellite, and the inter-satellite link algorithm rapidly recovers link establishment. And finally, the astronomical navigation algorithm can provide initial orbit reference information of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm, help the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm restart the navigation information to converge rapidly when in operation, and get rid of the dependence on the ground orbit upper notes.
The embodiment explains the principles of astronomical navigation and inter-satellite link navigation algorithms, and the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm based on astronomical navigation jointly applies the astronomical navigation algorithm and the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm so as to improve the stability and autonomy of the inter-satellite link algorithm. In the design, the astronomical navigation algorithm and the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm have the same selection method except for the observation model, the satellite dynamic orbit prediction model and the filtering model. The following describes the principles of both navigation algorithms.
The satellite dynamic orbit prediction model is shown as a formula (1), and can be obtained according to Newton's law.
In the formula, rsatIs a satellite inertial system position vector, vsatIs the velocity vector of the inertial system of the satellite, asatIs the acceleration vector of the inertial system of the satellite. w is arsatTo the satellite positionNoise information of the vector process, wvsatNoise information for the satellite velocity vector process. w is arsat，wvsatCan be regarded as a zero-mean white noise vector.
Since the navigation satellite is a medium and high orbit satellite, the satellite acceleration vector a in the forecasting model is usedsatThe calculation of (2) mainly considers the acceleration change of the satellite caused by 4 multiplied by 4 order earth non-spherical gravity, sun-moon gravity and sunlight pressure perturbation force.
The embodiment provides an observation model of an astronomical navigation algorithm, the astronomical navigation algorithm forms star-light angular distance observation information by collecting sensitive information of a star sensor and an earth sensor, so that observed quantity and an observation equation of the astronomical navigation algorithm are formed, and the specific steps are as follows.
First, the star sensor collects the coordinates (x) of the main star point on a Charge Coupled Device (CCD)s,ys) Calculating to obtain the unit vector of the fixed star under the star sensitive coordinate system by using the formula (2)
In the formula (f)sIs the star sensitive optical focal length.
Then, an attitude transformation matrix R from the satellite-sensitive coordinate system to the satellite body system is utilizedbsConverting the unit vector of the star under the sensor coordinate system into the unit vector of the star expressed under the body system
As shown in formula (3).
Similarly, the earth-sensitive coordinate system unit geocentric vector
Can be observed by an earth sensor. The expression of the unit centroid vector in the body coordinate system can be calculated by the formula (4).
In the formula, RbhIs a transformation matrix from the earth-sensitive coordinate system to the satellite-based system.
According to the obtained body system star unit vector
Unit geocentric vector under system of and body
Observed quantity starlight angular distance asCan be calculated by equation (5).
Furthermore, the star angular distance observed quantity asCan also be represented by the formula (6)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a unit star vector representation in the inertial coordinate system, which can be calculated by equation (7).
Is a representation of the unit centroid vector in the inertial system, and can be obtained from equation (8). Upsilon is observation noise which can be generally regarded as white gaussian noise, and the design of standard deviation of the observation noise can be obtained from the observation error of the earth sensor and the star sensor.
In the formula (7), the reaction mixture is,
is the star celestial coordinates of the inertial coordinate system satellite. Through star map identification and star ephemeris built in a star sensor, the celestial sphere coordinates of the star can be accurately obtained.
In the formula (8), rsatIs the satellite position vector, | rsatAnd | is the geocentric distance of the satellite.
The formula (8) is substituted into the formula (6), and the observation equation of the star sensor and earth sensor combined autonomous navigation algorithm can be represented by the formula (9)
The embodiment provides an inter-satellite link navigation algorithm observation model, and the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm takes inter-satellite bidirectional distance measurement information as observed quantity and constructs an observation equation. The inter-satellite link navigation algorithm can be divided into a distributed processing method and a centralized processing method, and the invention introduces the inter-satellite link algorithm observed quantity and an observation equation realization method by selecting the centralized processing method.
The original information of the two-way distance measurement between satellites can be represented by equation (10).
In the formula, ρAB，ρBARespectively are two-way distance measurement values between A and B stars,
is a theoretical value of the two-way distance measurement between the satellites. t is tA，tBThe clock difference between A and B is shown.
The error values include receiving and transmitting delay error, antenna phase center deviation, relativistic effect error, ionospheric delay error, etc.
The equations in equation (10) are added to obtain the equation in equation (11). Formula intermediate intersatellite bidirectional measurement error
Thus, left side variable
Can be obtained as algorithm observed quantity by real-time observation.
And, according to the relation between the algorithm observed quantity and the satellite position to be solved and the speed information, the observation equation shown in the formula (12) can be obtained.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
position vectors for satellites a, B, respectively.
In this embodiment, a filtering model is provided, and as shown in equations (9) and (12), the observation equation of the astronomical navigation algorithm and the observation equation of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm are both nonlinear equations. Thus, in the design, both algorithms are estimated using the extended kalman filter algorithm (EKF).
And adjusting the state vectors of the two navigation algorithms into a first-order error quantity of the satellite position and speed information according to an EKF algorithm principle. Meanwhile, the observation equations of the two navigation algorithms are also adjusted into the forms shown in the formula (13) and the formula (14) according to the state vector. Wherein, the formula (13) and the formula (14) are respectively the formula (9), and the formula (12) is obtained by performing first-order Taylor expansion at the forecast position information.
The guidance method based on the astronomical navigation information provided by the invention enables the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm to have the capability of autonomous stable link establishment and fault recovery, thereby greatly improving the stable operation capability of the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation algorithm. The following describes a method for implementing autonomous link establishment and fault recovery based on astronomical information.
The autonomous link establishment method based on the astronomical navigation information comprises the following steps: the autonomous navigation algorithm of the inter-satellite link is a semi-autonomous navigation algorithm. Each satellite of the constellation needs to exchange inter-satellite ranging information and navigation messages with a plurality of other satellites to update navigation information of each satellite. If one satellite navigation information has errors, the autonomous navigation precision of each satellite and even the whole network satellite is influenced. Therefore, the single-satellite navigation performance depends on the information exchange precision of the whole network satellite, and the stability of the algorithm is poor.
The inter-satellite link establishment needs to acquire satellite orbit information, and if a navigation result obtained by an inter-satellite link algorithm is directly introduced, the stability of the link establishment is greatly restricted, so that the invention provides an autonomous link establishment method based on astronomical information. As the astronomical navigation algorithm has high reliability, the autonomous link establishment method based on the astronomical navigation information can ensure that the inter-satellite link establishment has high stability.
The autonomous link establishment design method provided by combining the inter-satellite link establishment principle is as follows, and the specific flow is shown in fig. 1.
1) Determining the constellation satellite linked with the satellite based on the inter-satellite link-building planning table, and determining the satellite inertial system by using the astronomical navigation informationPosition of
Obtaining the position of the inertia system of other star in the building link by using the forecast of the star calendar of other star
Obtaining the inertial system direction vector P of the satellite link building by using the formula (15)Ai。
2) And (3) acquiring a transformation matrix from an inertial system to a satellite orbit system by using the astronomical navigation information, wherein the method is as shown in the formula (16). And combining the satellite attitude information to obtain a conversion matrix from the satellite inertial system to the main system. The method is as described in formula (17).
In the formula, the ratio of theta,
psi is the satellite three-axis attitude angle information, Roi、RbiThe transformation matrix from the inertial system to the orbital system and from the inertial system to the main system.
3) According to link phase center body system coordinate PLbThe link body system is provided with a lower mounting matrix RLbAnd an inertial system to body system conversion matrix RbiThe inertia system is directed to the vector PAiConversion to a link-building pointing vector representation P in a link coordinate systemALThe method is shown as the formula (18).
PAL＝RLb(RbiPAi-PLb) (18)
4) Link establishment based on link coordinate systemVector representation PALAnd finally, calculating a target rotation angle under a link coordinate system for link pointing attitude adjustment, wherein the method is shown in formulas (19) and (20).
In the formula, PAL＝(xAL,yAL,zAL) For the three-axis coordinates of the link-building orientation vector, (E)i,Az) Pointing the link at pitch and azimuth angles.
According to the four steps, the autonomous link establishment of the links among the satellites based on the astronomical navigation information can be completed.
As shown in fig. 2, when a satellite autonomously operates by using an inter-satellite link navigation algorithm, if the orbit of the satellite is maneuvering or the attitude of the satellite is unstable, the inter-satellite link between the satellite and another satellite will be interrupted. When the satellite orbit maneuver is finished or the satellite attitude is recovered to be stable, the inter-satellite link cannot be reestablished because the real-time satellite orbit information cannot be acquired, and further the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation algorithm cannot be recovered to operate. This section presents a strong tracking autonomous link establishment recovery method based on astronomical navigation information. The satellite with the broken link can quickly obtain the current real-time orbit information by utilizing the complete autonomy of the astronomical navigation and the quick convergence of a strong tracking algorithm, so that the link is restored to be established and the inter-satellite link algorithm is restored to operate. Meanwhile, the inter-satellite link algorithm is restarted, and the astronomical navigation provides initial orbit information for the link navigation algorithm, so that the link navigation algorithm obtains initial reference and outputs quickly and stably. The flow of the designed autonomous link establishment recovery method is shown in fig. 2.
The invention adds a strong tracking filtering processing link in the traditional astronomical navigation algorithm, so that the satellite can quickly determine the self orbit when the orbit information is lost. Strong trackingThe filtering algorithm introduces a suboptimal fading factor lambda into a prediction covariance matrix P of the traditional EKF filtering algorithmk/k-1In addition, the filtering algorithm can still keep the tracking capability of the true state of the satellite when the satellite state changes suddenly. The introduction method is shown as a formula (21).
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for a track state transition matrix from time k-1 to time k, Pk-1Is the covariance matrix at time k-1.
Since the strong tracking filter needs to satisfy the condition shown in equation (22), there is an equation shown in equation (23).
Where the innovation of the filter output is expressed for the astronomical navigation algorithm
In the formula, HkFor observing the matrix, it is expressed as in the astronomical navigation algorithm
VkIs represented by the formula (24) calculation; rkFor observing the noise matrix, denoted R in the astronomical navigation algorithmk＝(υCEL)2；QkIs a process noise matrix expressed as
Where ρ is a forgetting factor, and ρ is 0.95 in this embodiment.
The invention treats the sub-optimal fading factor lambda as a single order factor. Thus, according to equation (23), λ can be calculated using equation (25)
According to the designed autonomous navigation algorithm of the links between the satellites based on the astronomical navigation, simulation analysis is carried out on the autonomous link building performance based on the astronomical navigation information and the link building recovery capability based on the astronomical navigation information, and a simulation scene and a simulation result are described as follows.
And establishing a simulation scene of 24 MEO Beidou constellation satellites, wherein the serial numbers of the satellites in the constellation are simplified to PRN 01-PRN 24. Each satellite flies in a yawing attitude. The standard orbit and standard attitude of each Satellite were generated by Satellite Kit Tools (STK) software. According to the in-orbit test evaluation result of the Beidou satellite, the satellite forecast orbit is obtained by adding 10% of light pressure errors according to the satellite forecast dynamics model, and the satellite forecast attitude is respectively added with 0.02 degree, 0.02 degree and 0.04 degree errors in rolling, pitching and yawing attitudes on the basis of the standard attitude.
In a simulation scene, PRN01 stars are used for verifying the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm of the astronomical navigation designed by the invention. For the astronomical navigation algorithm, the simulation period of the algorithm is set to be 4s, the three-axis random noise of the star sensor is 5' (3 sigma), the random noise of the earth sensor is 0.015 degree (3 sigma), and the system noise is 0.01 degree. For the inter-satellite ranging navigation algorithm, the simulation period of the algorithm is set to be 5min, a Ka link coordinate system installation matrix is set to be a unit matrix, the installation position coordinate is (0, 0, 0.5) m, factors such as earth shielding, link elevation angle, azimuth dead zone and the like are considered, a link planning table is established, and each satellite completes inter-satellite bidirectional ranging according to the planning table. Each satellite is linked with 10 other satellites in each period, and the inter-satellite range errors are 0.1 m.
Firstly, estimating the stability of the link establishment between the satellites based on the astronomical navigation information according to a simulation scene.
According to the simulation conditions of the astronomical navigation algorithm, the navigation precision of the simulation is shown in fig. 3(a) and (b) after being simulated by the astronomical navigation algorithm with the time length of 2 days. After the algorithm is stably converged, the three-axis maximum position accuracy is 7270.1m, 6936.9m and 6753.9m respectively, and the three-axis speed maximum error is 1.6205m/s, 1.0982m/s and 1.4526m/s respectively. The accuracy of the algorithm error on-orbit Beidou satellite astronomical navigation assessment is 6000m, the speed accuracy is 1.5m/s basically consistent, and the validity of the astronomical navigation algorithm simulation result is verified.
The orbit information obtained by the astronomical navigation algorithm is introduced into the autonomous link building method designed by the invention, and the satellite link building precision based on the astronomical navigation algorithm is evaluated. The link-building pointing accuracy is shown in FIGS. 4(a) and (b) after 2 days long evaluation. After attitude errors [0.02 °, 0.02 °, 0.04 ° ] are introduced, the chain building elevation pointing error is 0.042 °, and the azimuth pointing accuracy error is 0.082 °. Therefore, simulation analysis shows that the inter-satellite link establishment can keep high precision and stability by using the designed autonomous link establishment method based on astronomical information.
Then, the strong tracking self-link establishment recovery effect based on the astronomical navigation information is evaluated
And after the satellite runs stably for a period of time, performing orbital maneuver on the satellite for 30min, wherein the thrust acceleration of the satellite is 0.03m/s2, so as to evaluate the strong tracking and link establishment recovery capability of the astronomical navigation algorithm after the states of attitude instability, satellite maneuver and the like suddenly change. After 2-day time period simulation, the autonomous link establishment recovery effect of the algorithm is described in the satellite navigation position precision diagrams of fig. 5(a) and (b) and the link establishment pointing precision diagrams of fig. 6(a) and (b).
When the satellite orbit maneuvers, the precision of the on-satellite orbit determination is rapidly reduced. As shown in FIGS. 5(a) and (b), after the orbital maneuver, the error of the three-axis orbital position can reach [3.74,0.832,1.67 ]]×105m, the speed error can reach [113.05,9.23,7.45 ]]m/s. Meanwhile, the link-building pointing accuracy also decreases rapidly under the influence of the orbit accuracy, as shown in fig. 6(a) and (b), the inter-satellite link-building elevation pointing error can be maximizedUp to 1.04 deg. According to the link-building pointing precision, the inter-satellite link cannot be built with other satellites, so that the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation algorithm cannot be operated.
The strong tracking autonomous link establishment recovery method based on the astronomical navigation information, which is designed by the invention, is adopted, as shown in fig. 5(a) and (b) and fig. 6(a) and (b), the satellite orbit determination error and the link establishment pointing accuracy after orbit maneuver are both rapidly converged. Wherein the accuracy of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the built link can be restored to be within 0.1 DEG after the orbit maneuver is 5000s, so that the link between the satellites can be restored to be built again.
And applying the converged astronomical navigation algorithm orbit information as an initial orbit to an inter-satellite link autonomous navigation algorithm so as to evaluate the autonomous navigation precision of the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm after the link establishment recovery. When the link building pointing accuracy is restored to 0.1 degrees, the astronomical navigation orbit information is used as the initial orbit of the inter-satellite link algorithm (the position error is [1.9643,0.1114,0.4478 ]]×104m, speed error of [ -5.2834, -1.6846,1.3775 [ -5.2834 [ ]]m/s), and restarting an inter-satellite link navigation algorithm, and carrying out algorithm simulation with the duration of 30 days. As shown in fig. 7(a) and (b), the URE error of the PRN01 inter-satellite link navigation algorithm converges within 3m after 15 iterations, and finally the error stabilizes at 0.2 m.
Therefore, the effectiveness of the strong tracking autonomous link establishment recovery method based on the astronomical navigation information is verified through simulation analysis.
Aiming at the defects that the inter-satellite link navigation algorithm has poor stability, the fault cannot be recovered autonomously and the like, the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation algorithm for astronomical navigation is provided. The algorithm introduces satellite orbit information obtained by astronomical navigation into a satellite link establishment method, so that the satellite autonomously obtains high-precision inter-satellite link establishment pointing. And a strong tracking filtering processing method is added in the astronomical navigation algorithm, so that the satellite can quickly determine the orbit and recover the link establishment when the satellite has orbit information deviation. Simulation results show that when the satellite runs stably, the pointing errors of the inter-satellite elevation angle and the azimuth angle are both smaller than 0.1 degree by using the algorithm. And when the satellite breaks the link due to the orbital maneuver of 30min, the pointing accuracy of the satellite link can be recovered to 0.1 degree within 5000s by using the algorithm. The algorithm greatly improves the autonomy and stable operation capability of the autonomous navigation of the link between satellites.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an inter-satellite link autonomous recovery system based on astronomical navigation, which comprises the following steps: the strong tracking astronomical navigation module is configured to determine satellite orbit information through astronomical navigation when the satellite state is suddenly changed, so that a link is restored between a satellite and other satellites; a suboptimal fading factor lambda is introduced into an astronomical navigation filter to carry out strong tracking filtering, so that satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation is quickly approximated to a real satellite orbit, and the inter-satellite recovery link establishment is accelerated; the inter-satellite link establishment recovery module is configured to determine satellite orbit information by utilizing astronomical navigation, and adjust inter-satellite link pointing to realize inter-satellite link establishment recovery; the observation information module is configured to realize inter-satellite distance measurement and generate inter-satellite observation information through the inter-satellite recovery link establishment; an initial orbit information module configured to generate inter-satellite link initial orbit information using astronomical navigation; and the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation module is configured to recover and perform inter-satellite link autonomous navigation by utilizing the inter-satellite observation information and the inter-satellite link initial orbit information.
In summary, the above embodiments have described in detail different configurations of the method and system for autonomous navigation of inter-satellite links based on astronomical navigation, but the present invention is not limited to the configurations listed in the above embodiments, and any modifications based on the configurations provided by the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention. One skilled in the art can take the contents of the above embodiments to take a counter-measure.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An inter-satellite link autonomous recovery method based on astronomical navigation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the satellite state is suddenly changed, determining satellite orbit information through astronomical navigation, and restoring a link between a satellite and other satellites;
introducing a suboptimal fading factor lambda into an astronomical navigation extended Kalman filter, and performing strong tracking filtering to enable satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation to quickly approach a real satellite orbit, so as to accelerate inter-satellite recovery link establishment;
establishing a link through the inter-satellite recovery to realize inter-satellite distance measurement and generate inter-satellite observation information;
generating initial orbit information of an inter-satellite link by using astronomical navigation;
and recovering to carry out autonomous navigation on the inter-satellite link by utilizing the inter-satellite observation information and the initial orbit information of the inter-satellite link.
2. The method for autonomous recovery of an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation according to claim 1 wherein the determining satellite orbit information by astronomical navigation when the satellite state abruptly changes comprises:
calculating one-step forecast information of the satellite orbit through a satellite dynamics model;
generating astronomical navigation observation information by collecting information through a star sensor and an earth sensor;
and introducing the one-step forecast information and the astronomical navigation observation information into an extended Kalman filter, and optimizing to obtain satellite real-time satellite orbit information.
3. The method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation according to claim 2, wherein the generation of astronomical navigation observation information by collecting information by a star sensor and an earth sensor comprises:
the star sensor acquires the coordinates of a main star point on the charge coupled device, and calculates to obtain a unit vector of the fixed star under a star sensitive coordinate system;
converting the unit vector of the fixed star under the star sensitive coordinate system into the unit vector of the fixed star under the body system by utilizing the attitude conversion matrix from the star sensitive coordinate system to the body system;
observing through an earth sensor to obtain a unit geocentric vector under an earth sensitive coordinate system, and calculating the unit geocentric vector under a body coordinate system;
calculating the star light angular distance of the observed quantity according to the obtained star unit vector under the system and the unit geocentric vector under the system:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a unit star vector representation under a satellite body coordinate system,
is a unit geocentric vector, a, in the satellite body coordinate systemsAnd the star angular distance observation information is obtained.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a sub-optimal evanescent factor λ is introduced into the extended kalman filter, and a strong tracking filtering is performed to make the satellite orbit information determined by the astronomical navigation approach the real satellite orbit quickly, so as to accelerate the inter-satellite recovery link establishment, comprising:
introducing a suboptimal fading factor λ into a prediction covariance matrix P of the extended Kalman filterk/k-1In (1), expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for a track state transition matrix from time k-1 to time k, Pk-1Is the covariance matrix at time k-1.
5. The method for autonomous recovery of an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation according to claim 4 wherein said sub-optimal extinction factor λ is satisfied
Wherein HkFor observing the matrix, expressed as in astronomical navigation
RkFor observing the noise matrix, denoted R in astronomical navigationk＝(υCEL)2；
QkExpressed as process noise matrix in astronomical navigation
VkThe innovation covariance matrix, which is the actual output of the filter, is expressed in astronomical navigation as:
where ρ is a forgetting factor, ρ is 0.95, and is filter output information, which is expressed in astronomical navigation as:
6. the method for autonomous recovery of an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation as claimed in claim 5, wherein said sub-optimal fading factor λ is regarded as a single-order factor and calculated by:
7. the autonomous navigation method of links between satellites based on astronomical navigation according to claim 1, wherein the inter-satellite ranging is realized by the inter-satellite recovery link establishment, and the generating of inter-satellite observation information comprises:
the original information of the two-way distance measurement between satellites is as follows:
where ρ isAB，ρBARespectively are two-way distance measurement values between A and B stars,
is a theoretical value of the two-way distance measurement between the satellites; t is tA，tBThe clock difference of A and B stars is obtained;
the error values of the two-way measurement between the satellites respectively comprise a receiving and transmitting time delay error, an antenna phase center deviation, a relativistic effect error and an ionized layer delay error;
adding two formulas in the equation set of the formula (7) to obtain an equation as shown in the formula (8):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the inter-satellite bidirectional measurement error is obtained;
namely the inter-satellite observation information.
8. The method for autonomously recovering an inter-satellite link based on astronomical navigation according to claim 1, wherein the autonomous navigation of the inter-satellite link according to the inter-satellite observation information and the recovery of the initial orbit information of the inter-satellite link comprises:
generating orbit information by astronomical navigation to be used as initial orbit estimation of inter-satellite link navigation;
obtaining high-precision inter-satellite observation information by using inter-satellite ranging and error processing;
and iteratively obtaining high-precision satellite navigation information by using the extended Kalman filter.
9. An autonomous recovery system for links between satellites based on astronomical navigation, comprising:
the strong tracking astronomical navigation module is configured to determine satellite orbit information through astronomical navigation when the satellite state is suddenly changed, so that a link is restored between a satellite and other satellites; a suboptimal fading factor lambda is introduced into an astronomical navigation filter to carry out strong tracking filtering, so that satellite orbit information determined by astronomical navigation is quickly approximated to a real satellite orbit, and the inter-satellite recovery link establishment is accelerated;
the inter-satellite link establishment recovery module is configured to determine satellite orbit information by utilizing astronomical navigation, and adjust inter-satellite link pointing to realize inter-satellite link establishment recovery;
the observation information module is configured to realize inter-satellite distance measurement and generate inter-satellite observation information through inter-satellite recovery link establishment;
an initial orbit information module configured to generate inter-satellite link initial orbit information using astronomical navigation;
and the inter-satellite link autonomous navigation module is configured to recover and perform inter-satellite link autonomous navigation by utilizing the inter-satellite observation information and the inter-satellite link initial orbit information.
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