CN112011754A - Preparation method of high-temperature-resistant samarium-cobalt permanent magnet - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-temperature-resistant samarium-cobalt permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment of samarium cobalt permanent magnet, preheating, preparation of metal-based transition layer and ceramic coating. The laser cleaning is a green and environment-friendly surface cleaning mode, does not need an organic solvent, does not discharge waste liquid, has less residues, does not cause environmental pollution, and can effectively remove various pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the magnet. The preheated surface of the magnet is coated with a metal-based transition layer by adopting a plasma spraying process, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate can be obviously improved. And then coating a layer of high-temperature-resistant ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based transition layer to prevent the problems of volatilization and oxidation of the rare earth Sm in the high-temperature service process of the magnet. Therefore, the samarium cobalt permanent magnet prepared by the method can meet the requirements of the high-temperature application field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rare earth permanent magnet materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant samarium-cobalt permanent magnet.
Background
The permanent magnet material plays an important role in various fields of the current society, is an important functional material for promoting social development, and has irreplaceable effect. Compared with the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, the 2:17 samarium-cobalt permanent magnet has higher temperature stability and stronger corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of instruments, communication, microwave devices, radars, satellite communication, aerospace, national defense, military industry and the like. Among them, the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, advanced science and technology and the like put forward higher requirements on high-temperature permanent magnets, and the permanent magnet material is required to work continuously and stably in a high-temperature environment (above 400 ℃). For high-temperature permanent magnet materials, stable magnetic field stability is the most important index for measuring the high-temperature permanent magnet materials. Although the Curie temperature of the 2:17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet is high, the coercive force of the permanent magnet is obviously reduced along with the increase of the temperature, and the permanent magnet has a higher negative temperature coefficient. The requirements for high temperature permanent magnets cannot be met. Therefore, high temperature resistant permanent magnetic materials have become one of the research hotspots.
For the poorer magnetic field stability of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet at high temperature, people improve the high-temperature stability of the magnet by adding a certain amount of heavy rare earth elements such as Er, Dy, Ho, Gd, Sm and the like as temperature compensation, but the added heavy rare earth elements can reduce the saturation magnetization of the magnet, further cause the maximum magnetic energy product of the magnet to be reduced, and the heavy rare earth elements have less reserves and high price, thereby increasing the production cost of the magnet. As the rare earth Sm belongs to volatile elements, the magnetic property of the magnet can be influenced due to the volatilization of the Sm in the high-temperature service process. In addition, samarium cobalt magnet still can lead to its magnetic property to degrade because of oxidizing under high temperature long-term service, has greatly reduced its life, has restricted further application of samarium cobalt magnet. Wherein, through alloy composition design and microstructure regulation, the temperature stability of the magnet can be improved, but the effect is not obvious. Therefore, the development of the high-temperature-resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet, and the high-temperature-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process, so that the volatilization and the oxidation of Sm are prevented.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the samarium cobalt permanent magnet to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(2) preheating the pretreated samarium cobalt permanent magnet in a vacuum environment;
(3) preparing a metal-based transition layer on the surface of the preheated samarium-cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process;
(4) and preparing a ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based transition layer by adopting a plasma spraying process.
In a further scheme, the magnet pretreatment in the step (1) is to pretreat the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface; the laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1000-3000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 100-400 ns, the laser scanning speed is 100-200 mm/s, and the laser incidence angle is 30-90 degrees.
In a further scheme, the preheating temperature in the step (2) is 150-200 ℃, and the preheating time is 20-30 min.
In a further scheme, the metal-based transition layer in the step (3) comprises one of an iron-based transition layer and a nickel-based transition layer, and the thickness of the metal-based transition layer is 3-7 μm; the iron-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-3 wt%, B: 1-2 wt%, Cr: 20-30 wt%, the balance being Fe; the nickel-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-15 wt%, B: 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, Si: 0.6-2 wt%, Mo: 3-7 wt%, Cu: 5-10 wt%, and the balance of Ni.
Further, the plasma spraying process parameters in the step (3) include: arc voltage is 50-70V, current is 300-500A, and the flow rate of powder feeding is 0.1-0.3 m3The spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.5-1.7 m3/h。
In a further scheme, the ceramic coating in the step (4) comprises micron-sized TiC, SiC, WC and Al2O3、ZrO2At least three of TiN and AlN, the average particle size of which is 0.1-2 μm; the thickness of the ceramic coating is 10-20 mu m; the plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 80-120V, the current is 400-600A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.2-0.4 m3The spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.6-2.0 m3/h。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the laser cleaning adopted by the invention is an environment-friendly surface cleaning mode, does not need organic solvent, does not discharge waste liquid, has less residue, does not cause environmental pollution, and can effectively remove various pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the magnet. The laser cleaning device has high flexibility and good controllability, is easy to select regions and position to realize precise cleaning, and is easy to remotely control and clean places which are difficult to reach or dangerous.
(2) The preheated surface of the magnet is coated with a metal-based transition layer by adopting a plasma spraying process, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate can be obviously improved. And then coating a layer of high-temperature-resistant ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based transition layer to prevent the problems of volatilization and oxidation of the rare earth Sm in the high-temperature service process of the magnet.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the specific embodiments illustrated. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1
(1) A2: 17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet (mark: 28H, state: non-magnetized) is selected for the test, and the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet is pretreated by a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface. The laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 100ns, the laser scanning speed is 100mm/s, and the laser incident angle is 30 degrees.
(2) And (3) preheating the pretreated samarium cobalt permanent magnet in a vacuum environment at the preheating temperature of 150 ℃ for 30 min.
(3) And preparing an iron-based transition layer on the surface of the preheated samarium-cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process. The iron-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 wt%, B: 1 wt%, Cr: 20 wt% and the balance Fe. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 50V, the current is 300A, and the powder feeding air flow is 0.1m3H, spray distance of 80mm, argon as working gas, and flow rate of 1.5m3/h。
(4) And preparing a ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based intermediate layer by adopting a plasma spraying process. The ceramic coating comprises micron-sized TiC, SiC and WC, and the average grain size of the ceramic coating is 0.1 mu m. The thickness of the ceramic coating is 10 μm. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 80V and the arc voltage is,the current is 400A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.2m3H, spray distance of 80mm, argon as working gas, and flow rate of 1.6m3/h。
Example 2
(1) A2: 17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet (mark: 28H, state: non-magnetized) is selected for the test, and the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet is pretreated by a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface. The laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 2000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 200ns, the laser scanning speed is 150mm/s, and the laser incident angle is 60 degrees.
(2) And (3) preheating the pretreated samarium cobalt permanent magnet in a vacuum environment at the preheating temperature of 180 ℃ for 25 min.
(3) And preparing an iron-based transition layer on the surface of the preheated samarium-cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process. The iron-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 wt%, B: 1.5 wt%, Cr: 25 wt%, the balance being Fe. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 60V, the current is 400A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.2m3The spraying distance is 100mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.6m3/h。
(4) And preparing a ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based intermediate layer by adopting a plasma spraying process. The ceramic coating comprises micron-sized Al2O3、ZrO2TiN, the average particle size of which is 1 μm. The thickness of the ceramic coating is 15 μm. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 100V, the current is 500A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.3m3The spraying distance is 100mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.8m3/h。
Example 3
(1) A2: 17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet (mark: 28H, state: non-magnetized) is selected for the test, and the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet is pretreated by a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface. The laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 3000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 400ns, the laser scanning speed is 200mm/s, and the laser incident angle is 90 degrees.
(2) And (3) preheating the pretreated samarium cobalt permanent magnet in a vacuum environment at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ for 30 min.
(3) And preparing an iron-based transition layer on the surface of the preheated samarium-cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process. The iron-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt%, B: 2 wt%, Cr: 30 wt% and the balance Fe. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 70V, the current is 500A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.3m3H, the spraying distance is 120mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.7m3/h。
(4) And preparing a ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based intermediate layer by adopting a plasma spraying process. The component of the ceramic coating is micron-sized ZrO2TiN, AlN, and having an average particle size of 2 μm. The thickness of the ceramic coating is 20 μm. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 120V, the current is 600A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.4m3The spraying distance is 120mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 2.0m3/h。
Example 4
(1) A2: 17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet (mark: 28H, state: non-magnetized) is selected for the test, and the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet is pretreated by a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface. The laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 2000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 300ns, the laser scanning speed is 200mm/s, and the laser incident angle is 45 degrees.
(2) And (3) preheating the pretreated samarium cobalt permanent magnet in a vacuum environment at the preheating temperature of 150 ℃ for 20 min.
(3) And preparing a nickel-based transition layer on the surface of the preheated samarium-cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process. The nickel-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10 wt%, B: 0.5 wt%, Si: 0.6 wt%, Mo: 3 wt%, Cu: 5 wt% and the balance Ni. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 60V, the current is 400A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.2m3The spraying distance is 100mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.6m3/h。
(4) And preparing a ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based intermediate layer by adopting a plasma spraying process. The ceramic coating comprises micron-sized WC and Al2O3、ZrO2Of 1.5 μm in average particle size. The thickness of the ceramic coating is 15 μm. The plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 100V, the current is 500A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.4m3H, the spraying distance is 120mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.6m3/h。
Comparative example 1
A2: 17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet (mark: 28H, state: non-magnetized) is selected for the test, and the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet is pretreated by a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface. The laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 2000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 300ns, the laser scanning speed is 200mm/s, and the laser incident angle is 45 degrees. And after laser cleaning, placing the mixture in a high-temperature test box, baking the mixture for 2 hours at 400 ℃, and then taking out the mixture to be cooled to room temperature to test the magnetic performance.
Comparative example 2
A2: 17 type samarium cobalt permanent magnet (mark: 28H, state: non-magnetized) is selected for the test, and the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet is pretreated by a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface. The laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 2000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 300ns, the laser scanning speed is 200mm/s, and the laser incident angle is 45 degrees. The surface protection treatment and the high-temperature baking are not carried out.
The samples in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative example 1 were simultaneously placed in a high-temperature test chamber and baked for 2 hours at 400 ℃, and then cooled to room temperature, and then the magnetic properties of the samarium-cobalt permanent magnets in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative example 1 were tested by using a permanent magnet material measurement system according to the method specified in GB/T3217-.
TABLE 1 test results of magnetic Properties of samarium cobalt permanent magnets
As can be seen from table 1, the samples of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 were simultaneously placed in a high temperature test chamber and baked at 400 ℃ for 2 hours, and then cooled to room temperature, and compared with the samarium-cobalt permanent magnet without the protective coating, the high temperature resistant coating prepared on the surface of the magnet by the plasma spraying process can effectively avoid the volatilization and oxidation problems of the rare earth Sm, and the magnetic performance reduction range is small and the change is not large compared with the original magnet. Therefore, the samarium cobalt permanent magnet prepared by the method can meet the requirements of the high-temperature application field.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant samarium-cobalt permanent magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the samarium cobalt permanent magnet to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface;
(2) preheating the pretreated samarium cobalt permanent magnet in a vacuum environment;
(3) preparing a metal-based transition layer on the surface of the preheated samarium-cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a plasma spraying process;
(4) and preparing a ceramic coating on the surface of the metal-based transition layer by adopting a plasma spraying process.
2. The method of making a high temperature resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet of claim 1, comprising: the magnet pretreatment in the step (1) is to pretreat the surface of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet by adopting a laser cleaning method to remove oil stains and oxide skin on the surface; the laser cleaning process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1000-3000W, the laser beam wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is 100-400 ns, the laser scanning speed is 100-200 mm/s, and the laser incidence angle is 30-90 degrees.
3. The method of making a high temperature resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet of claim 1, comprising: the preheating temperature in the step (2) is 150-200 ℃, and the preheating time is 20-30 min.
4. The method of making a high temperature resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet of claim 1, comprising: the metal-based transition layer in the step (3) comprises one of an iron-based transition layer and a nickel-based transition layer, and the thickness of the metal-based transition layer is 3-7 mu m; the iron-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-3 wt%, B: 1-2 wt%, Cr: 20-30 wt%, the balance being Fe; the nickel-based transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-15 wt%, B: 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, Si: 0.6-2 wt%, Mo: 3-7 wt%, Cu: 5-10 wt%, and the balance of Ni.
5. The method of making a high temperature resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet of claim 1, comprising: the plasma spraying process parameters in the step (3) comprise: arc voltage is 50-70V, current is 300-500A, and the flow rate of powder feeding is 0.1-0.3 m3The spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.5-1.7 m3/h。
6. The method of making a high temperature resistant samarium cobalt permanent magnet of claim 1, comprising: the ceramic coating in the step (4) comprises micron-sized TiC, SiC, WC and Al2O3、ZrO2At least three of TiN and AlN, the average particle size of which is 0.1-2 μm; the thickness of the ceramic coating is 10-20 mu m; the plasma spraying process parameters comprise: the arc voltage is 80-120V, the current is 400-600A, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0.2-0.4 m3The spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the working gas is argon, and the flow is 1.6-2.0 m3/h。
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| US20160244868A1 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-08-25 | Fujimi Incorporated | Thermal spray powder |
| CN106128674A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of double Hard Magnetic principal phase mischmetal permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN108866547A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-11-23 | 北矿磁材（阜阳）有限公司 | A kind of neodymium iron boron magnetic body electric spark on surface enhanced processing method based on laser cleaning |
| CN108899191A (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-11-27 | 苏州诺弘添恒材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet body with ceramic layer |
| CN110408926A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-05 | 泮敏翔 | A kind of preparation method of obdurability high-performance samarium-cobalt magnet |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20160244868A1 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-08-25 | Fujimi Incorporated | Thermal spray powder |
| CN106128674A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of double Hard Magnetic principal phase mischmetal permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN108899191A (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-11-27 | 苏州诺弘添恒材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet body with ceramic layer |
| CN108866547A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-11-23 | 北矿磁材（阜阳）有限公司 | A kind of neodymium iron boron magnetic body electric spark on surface enhanced processing method based on laser cleaning |
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