CN112011731A - Wear-resistant alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WRFHGDPIDHPWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-butyl-4-oxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-3-yl)methyl]-2-(ethoxymethyl)phenyl]-n-(4,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound O=C1N(CC=2C=C(COCC)C(=CC=2)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)NC=2C(=C(C)ON=2)C)C(CCCC)=NC21CCCC2 WRFHGDPIDHPWIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wear-resistant alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, and, at least one of the following three elements in weight percent: v: 0.1%, Co: 1.34-1.60%, Al: 0.52-0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The wear-resistant alloy has good toughness, high strength, high hardness, certain plasticity and good wear resistance; and a large amount of expensive elements such as Ni and Co are not contained, and elements such as Si and Mn with lower price are adopted, so that the manufacturing cost is low. The friction wear-resistant rubber is particularly suitable for parts with large friction wear in various 3C products, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rise of the consumption level of people and the development of scientific technology, in order to meet the requirements of consumers on screens and operation handfeel, folding screen mobile phones are born, and have gained a great deal of comment on the market, and from the first flexible dispatch of folding screen mobile phones promoted by the science and technology, all large mobile phone manufacturers have promoted their folding screen mobile phones, such as the samsung Galaxy Fold, motorola Razr, hua dye Xs and the like, the folding screen mobile phones not only have high requirements on the screens and internal components, but also have a severe challenge on a rotating shaft hinge playing a key role, and on one hand, a reasonable and complex hinge structure needs to be designed, and on the other hand, a proper wear-resistant alloy with good strength and toughness needs to be sought.
The three-star folding screen mobile phone Galaxy Fold is declared to be folded 20 ten thousand times externally, which puts a severe requirement on the abrasion resistance of the hinge material. At present, four processes, namely a powder injection molding process (MIM), a liquid metal forming process (BMG), machining (CNC) and stamping, are mainly adopted in the process of folding the screen rotating shaft. Parts prepared by the stamping process are thin and cannot meet the strength requirement of a workpiece; the CNC process has high cost and low mass production efficiency; the content of impurity Si in BMG is difficult to control, the strength is high, but the toughness is poor, the die loss is large, and the cost is high.
In MIM technology, the wear parts such as rotating shaft and sliding rail in common 3C products are generally made of Fe-2Ni/Fe-4Ni, 440C and other materials, and these common alloy steels cannot be compatible with the characteristics of high strength, high hardness and certain elongation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a high-strength and high-toughness wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a wear-resistant alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:
C：0.67-0.98％
Si：0.91-1.59％
Mn：1.5-2.0％
Cr：0.74-1.62％
Mo：0.1-0.3％
and at least one of the following three elements in percentage by weight:
V：0.1％
Co：1.34-1.60％
Al：0.52-0.99％
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by adopting an air atomization or water atomization method, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, and, at least one of the following three elements in weight percent: v: 0.1%, Co: 1.34-1.60%, Al: 0.52-0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material;
and (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: injecting and forming the feed to be injected and formed in an injection machine to obtain a green body;
degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace;
and (3) sintering: putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body;
and (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wear-resistant alloy has good toughness, high strength, high hardness, certain plasticity and good wear resistance; and a large amount of expensive elements such as Ni and Co are not contained, and elements such as Si and Mn with lower price are adopted, so that the manufacturing cost is low. The hinge is particularly suitable for parts (such as hinges of folding screen mobile phones) with large friction and wear in various 3C products, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electron microscope photograph of the wear-resistant alloy according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
A wear-resistant alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:
C：0.67-0.98％
Si：0.91-1.59％
Mn：1.5-2.0％
Cr：0.74-1.62％
Mo：0.1-0.3％
and at least one of the following three elements in percentage by weight:
V：0.1％
Co：1.34-1.60％
Al：0.52-0.99％
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The content of the C element is high, and the temperature of the bainite transformation starting point can be reduced, so that a nanometer bainite lath structure is obtained; si can inhibit the precipitation of cementite; mn element and Cr element can improve the structure hardenability; mo element can improve the tempering stability; the Co element and the Al element can increase the free energy of transformation from austenite to bainite; the V element can refine the crystal grains of the steel and improve the strength and the toughness of the steel.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the wear-resistant alloy has good toughness, high strength, high hardness, certain plasticity and good wear resistance; and a large amount of expensive elements such as Ni and Co are not contained, and elements such as Si and Mn with lower price are adopted, so that the manufacturing cost is low. The friction wear-resistant rubber is particularly suitable for parts with large friction wear in various 3C products, and has wide application prospect.
A preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by adopting an air atomization or water atomization method, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, and, at least one of the following three elements in weight percent: v: 0.1%, Co: 1.34-1.60%, Al: 0.52-0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material;
and (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: injecting and forming the feed to be injected and formed in an injection machine to obtain a green body;
degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace;
and (3) sintering: putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body;
and (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the MIM powder injection molding process can be used for preparing high-strength and high-wear-resistance parts, can mold small parts (0.03-200 g) with complicated geometric shapes, and has the advantages of high dimensional accuracy (plus or minus 0.1-plus or minus 0.5%), good surface smoothness (roughness 1-5 mu m), high relative density of products, uniform structure, excellent performance and large-scale production.
Further, in the step of banburying, the mass ratio of the alloy powder to the plastic-based adhesive is 9: 1.
Further, the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
Further, in the step of banburying, the banburying temperature is 170-195 ℃ and the banburying time is 1.5-2.5 h.
Further, in the step of injection, the injection temperature is 150-190 ℃, and the injection pressure is 40-90 MPa.
Further, in the step of degreasing, the degreasing temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 2-8 g/min.
As can be seen from the above description, the degreasing time depends on the thickness of the green body and is generally 1 mm/h.
Further, in the step of sintering, the sintering temperature is 1250-1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-5 h.
Further, in the step of heat treatment, the heat treatment time is 10-70 h.
Further, in the step of preparing powder, the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, V: 0.1% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; or the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, Co: 1.34-1.54%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; or the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, Co: 1.40-1.60%, Al: 0.52-0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example one
The first embodiment of the invention is as follows: a wear-resistant alloy can be used for manufacturing folding screen mobile phone hinges, 3C product wear-resistant parts and the like, and comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:
C：0.67-0.98％
Si：0.91-1.59％
Mn：1.5-2.0％
Cr：0.74-1.62％
Mo：0.1-0.3％
and at least one of the following three elements in percentage by weight:
V：0.1％
Co：1.34-1.60％
Al：0.52-0.99％
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The wear-resistant alloy is substantially a super nanometer bainite steel (namely a nanometer structure dual-phase steel), please refer to fig. 1 (fig. 1 is an electron microscope photograph of the wear-resistant alloy), wherein strips with bright colors are bainite ferrite, strips with dark colors are film-shaped residual austenite, and the strength of the wear-resistant alloy is mainly reflected by solid solution strengthening, high dislocation density dislocation strengthening and fine grain strengthening of alloy elements. The nanostructure dual-phase steel is favorable for better resisting abrasion due to the strength of the material with a larger nanostructure structure, and in addition, the nanostructure dual-phase steel contains higher content of retained austenite, so that the transformation from the retained austenite to martensite in the impact abrasion process can increase the hardness of a grinding surface, and the aggravation of abrasion can be prevented. The plasticity mainly depends on the content of residual austenite, and the influence is mainly as follows: a transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, a tissue crack propagation (BMP) effect, and a residual austenite absorption Dislocation (DARA) effect.
In the abrasion process, due to the thinning of the ground surface structure and the transformation of the residual austenite in the structure to martensite, partial energy is absorbed, so that the energy for crack initiation is reduced, and the occurrence of abrasion stripping is reduced; in addition, the nanostring structure and the thin-film retained austenite in the structure can also effectively prevent the initiation and propagation of cracks (BMP effect).
Example two
The second embodiment of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by water atomization method, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.8%, Si: 1.5%, Mn: 1.7%, Cr: 1.3%, Mo: 0.26%, V: 0.1% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 185 ℃, and the internal mixing time is 2.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 60 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 110 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 3 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. In order to effectively control the carbon content of the product and the carbon potential of the furnace body, the acid-removed green body is placed on an alumina ceramic support plate, covered by a ceramic plate cover plate, uniformly placed by analogy in sequence, and placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σb1750 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.2Is 1550 MPa;
the elongation is 9.0%;
the hardness HRC is 59;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.0015 g.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by gas atomization, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.89%, Si: 1.59%, Mn: 2.0%, Cr: 1.62%, Mo: 0.1%, Co: 1.34%, V: 0.1 percent, the balance being Fe and inevitable impuritiesFree impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 185 ℃, and the internal mixing time is 2.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 60 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 110 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 3 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σbIs 1770 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.2Is 1500 MPa;
the elongation is 8.0%;
the hardness HRC is 60;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.001 g.
Example four
The fourth embodiment of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by gas atomization method, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67%, Si: 0.91%, Mn: 1.5%, Cr: 0.97%, Mo: 0.2%, Co: 1.5%, V: 0.1% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 185 ℃, and the internal mixing time is 2.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 60 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 110 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 3 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σb1720 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.2Is 1400 MPa;
the elongation is 9.0%;
the hardness HRC is 61;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.0027 g.
EXAMPLE five
The fifth embodiment of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by water atomization method, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.98%, Si: 1.25%, Mn: 1.7%, Cr: 1.2%, Mo: 0.3%, V: 0.1%, Co: 1.6 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 185 ℃, and the internal mixing time is 2.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 60 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 110 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 3 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. In order to effectively control the carbon content of the product and the carbon potential of the furnace body, the acid-removed green body is placed on an alumina ceramic support plate, covered by a ceramic plate cover plate, placed uniformly by analogy in sequence, and placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σbIs 1700 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.21450 MPa;
the elongation is 8.0%;
the hardness HRC is 60;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.002 g.
EXAMPLE six
The sixth embodiment of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by water atomization method, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67%, Si: 0.91%, Mn: 2.0%, Cr: 0.74%, Mo: 0.1%, V: 0.1%, Co: 1.34%, Al: 0.52% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 185 ℃, and the internal mixing time is 2.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 60 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 110 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 3 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. In order to effectively control the carbon content of the product and the carbon potential of the furnace body, the acid-removed green body is placed on an alumina ceramic support plate, covered by a ceramic plate cover plate, placed uniformly by analogy in sequence, and placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σbIs 1800 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.21580 MPa;
the elongation is 10.0%;
the hardness HRC is 58;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.0018 g.
EXAMPLE seven
The seventh embodiment of the invention is: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by water atomization method, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.8%, Si: 1.59%, Mn: 1.7%, Cr: 1.62%, Mo: 0.3%, V: 0.1%, Co: 1.5%, Al: 0.8% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 185 ℃, and the internal mixing time is 2.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 60 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 110 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 3 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. In order to effectively control the carbon content of the product and the carbon potential of the furnace body, the acid-removed green body is placed on an alumina ceramic support plate, covered by a ceramic plate cover plate, placed uniformly by analogy in sequence, and placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σbIs 1780 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.21570 MPa;
the elongation is 9.0%;
the hardness HRC is 59;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.0018 g.
Example eight
The eighth embodiment of the present invention is: a preparation method of wear-resistant alloy comprises the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by water atomization method, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 500 meshes (D)507-10 μm), wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.98%, Si: 1.2%, Mn: 1.5%, Cr: 1.2%, Mo: 0.2%, V: 0.1%, Co: 1.6%, Al: 0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer according to the mass ratio of 9:1 for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material, wherein the internal mixing temperature is 195 ℃ and the internal mixing time is 1.5 hours; the plastic-based adhesive is at least one of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin and polypropylene.
And (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: and injecting the feed to be injected and molded in an injection machine to obtain a green body, wherein the injection temperature is 180 ℃, and the injection pressure is 80 MPa.
Degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing temperature is 130 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 5 g/min.
And (3) sintering: and (3) putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body, wherein the sintering temperature is 1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours. In order to effectively control the carbon content of the product and the carbon potential of the furnace body, the acid-removed green body is placed on an alumina ceramic support plate, covered by a ceramic plate cover plate, placed uniformly by analogy in sequence, and placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering.
And (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body for 48 hours to obtain a sample.
With reference to GB 4340.1-2009, the rockwell hardness of the samples was measured using Time TH320 type hardness meter with a load of 150 kgf; the heat-treated standard tensile member is tested on a GNT50 universal testing machine according to GB/T228.1-2010 to test the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation; the abrasion capacity of the material is tested on an MRH-3 high-speed ring block abrasion tester by referring to GB/T12444-2006, and the mass change before and after the abrasion block test is tested by adopting a weighing method.
The test results were as follows:
tensile Strength σb1740 MPa;
yield strength sigma0.21480 MPa;
the elongation is 8.0%;
the hardness HRC is 60;
wear loss mDecrease in the thickness of the steelIt was 0.0025 g.
In conclusion, the wear-resistant alloy and the preparation method thereof have the advantages of good toughness, high strength, high hardness, certain plasticity and good wear resistance; and a large amount of expensive elements such as Ni and Co are not contained, and elements such as Si and Mn with lower price are adopted, so that the manufacturing cost is low. The friction wear-resistant rubber is particularly suitable for parts with large friction wear in various 3C products, and has wide application prospect.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wear-resistant alloy is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight:
C：0.67-0.98％
Si：0.91-1.59％
Mn：1.5-2.0％
Cr：0.74-1.62％
Mo：0.1-0.3％
and at least one of the following three elements in percentage by weight:
V：0.1％
Co：1.34-1.60％
Al：0.52-0.99％
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. A preparation method of wear-resistant alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps,
milling: preparing alloy powder by adopting an air atomization or water atomization method, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, and, at least one of the following three elements in weight percent: v: 0.1%, Co: 1.34-1.60%, Al: 0.52-0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
banburying: placing the alloy powder and the plastic-based adhesive into a preheated internal mixer for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing material;
and (3) granulation: adding the banburying materials into an extruder, plasticizing, extruding and granulating to obtain a feed to be subjected to injection molding;
and (3) injection: injecting and forming the feed to be injected and formed in an injection machine to obtain a green body;
degreasing: degreasing the green body in a nitric acid catalytic degreasing furnace;
and (3) sintering: putting the degreased green body into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered body;
and (3) heat treatment: and carrying out low-temperature isothermal treatment on the sintered body.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of banburying, the mass ratio of the alloy powder to the plastic-based binder is 9: 1.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the plastic-based binder is at least one of polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, stearic acid, paraffin wax, and polypropylene.
5. The preparation method of the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of banburying, the banburying temperature is 170-195 ℃ and the banburying time is 1.5-2.5 h.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of injection, the injection temperature is 150-190 ℃ and the injection pressure is 40-90 MPa.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of degreasing, the degreasing temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the nitric acid flow is 2-8 g/min.
8. The preparation method of the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of sintering, the sintering temperature is 1250-1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-5 hours.
9. The method for preparing the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of heat treatment, the heat treatment time is 10-70 hours.
10. The method for preparing the wear-resistant alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step of pulverizing, the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, V: 0.1% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; or the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, Co: 1.34-1.54%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; or the alloy powder comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c: 0.67-0.98%, Si: 0.91-1.59%, Mn: 1.5-2.0%, Cr: 0.74-1.62%, Mo: 0.1-0.3%, Co: 1.40-1.60%, Al: 0.52-0.99%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
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