CN112010637B - Ceramic tile prepared by solid waste - Google Patents

Ceramic tile prepared by solid waste Download PDF

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CN112010637B
CN112010637B CN202010940292.2A CN202010940292A CN112010637B CN 112010637 B CN112010637 B CN 112010637B CN 202010940292 A CN202010940292 A CN 202010940292A CN 112010637 B CN112010637 B CN 112010637B
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ceramic tile
ceramic
solid waste
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CN112010637A (en
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李秉成
刘尧
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Zibo Fengxia Ceramics Co ltd
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Zibo Fengxia Ceramics Co ltd
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    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a ceramic tile prepared from solid waste. The blank body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of ceramic waste, 35-40 parts of kaolin tailings, 20-25 parts of fly ash, 20-25 parts of red mud, 10-15 parts of diatomite and 5-10 parts of brown corundum. The ceramic tile prepared by adopting the solid waste takes the ceramic waste, kaolin tailings, fly ash and other solid wastes as main raw materials, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, and the prepared ceramic tile has excellent performance.

Description

Ceramic tile prepared by solid waste
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a ceramic tile prepared from solid waste.
Background
The solid waste refers to solid waste, and the existing solid waste generally comprises ceramic waste and construction waste.
The solid waste causes various pollution to the environment, the stockpiling of the solid waste causes pollution to land, water quality, soil, atmosphere and the like, and the most effective measure for solving the problem of solid waste resources is to utilize solid waste to prepare building material products, but the solid waste has many defects in building material application, so that the solid waste is difficult to popularize and utilize.
For ceramic waste, when ceramic tiles are manufactured, only the cleanest and highest-grade raw materials are usually selected in the aspect of raw materials, low-grade raw materials with high impurity content are not used as ceramic waste, and even used as landfill soil together with surface soil, so that the ceramic raw materials are greatly wasted, and the ceramic waste accumulation causes great pollution to the environment.
The fly ash is generated by taking ground coal powder as fuel through combustion in coal-fired boilers of modern thermal power plants, occupies an absolute proportion in all coal-fired byproducts, and the emission amount of the fly ash is continuously increased along with the improvement of the environmental requirements of human beings, the development of collection technology and the use of a large amount of low-grade coal. The three reasons for the large fly ash production are: the coal-fired generator set is large in scale; the ash content of the coal is high; the coal consumption of unit generated energy is high.
The great harm to the production and the life of people caused by the large discharge of the fly ash is mainly shown in the following aspects: (1) land encroachment; (2) contaminated soil; (3) polluting a water body; (4) polluting a water body; (5) is harmful to human health.
As can be seen from the above description, neither ceramic waste nor fly ash is reasonably, effectively and comprehensively utilized, and therefore, it is necessary to search for a method for comprehensively utilizing solid waste, so as to organically combine the generated ceramic waste and fly ash for recycling ceramic tiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides a ceramic tile prepared by solid waste. The ceramic tile adopts fly ash, ceramic waste and kaolin tailings as main raw materials, so that the production cost is greatly reduced.
The ceramic tile prepared by the solid waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002673410140000011
Figure BDA0002673410140000021
wherein:
the ceramic waste comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 65.0-70.0％、Al2O3 18.0-21.0％、Fe2O31.0-2.0％、K2O 2.5-3.0％、Na21.0 to 3.5 percent of O, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of MgO and 6 to 8 percent of loss on ignition.
The kaolin tailing comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 15.0-19.0％、SiO2 75.0-80.0％、Fe2O31.0-2.0％、K2O 0.3-0.5％、Na20.2 to 0.5 percent of O and 5 to 8 percent of loss on ignition.
The fly ash comprises the following chemical components: SiO 22 40.0-60.0％、Al2O3 15.0-35.0％、Fe2O31.5-8.0％、K2O 0.5-2.5％、Na2O 0.2-1.1％、CaO 0.8-3.5%, MgO 0.5-1.8% and loss on ignition 6.5-10%.
The red mud comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 12.0-18.0％、Al2O3 28.0-30.0％、Fe2O34.0-6.0％、TiO25.0-8.0％、Na23.5 to 5.5 percent of O, 25.0 to 28.0 percent of CaO and 8 to 15 percent of loss on ignition.
In addition, the ceramic tile prepared by the solid waste further comprises a cover glaze layer and a protective layer, wherein the cover glaze layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of kaolin tailings, 20-25 parts of ceramic waste, 15-20 parts of red mud, 5-8 parts of barium carbonate, 3-5 parts of magnesium oxide, 5-8 parts of calcite, 3-5 parts of talcum, 5-10 parts of zircon sand and 0.3-0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The overglaze layer raw material also comprises a certain amount of water.
The protective layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of fly ash, 20-25 parts of calcined alumina, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of ceramic waste, 3-5 parts of nepheline, 1-3 parts of zinc oxide, 1-3 parts of magnesium oxide and 0.3-0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The raw material of the protective layer also comprises a certain amount of water.
The invention relates to a ceramic tile prepared by solid waste, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the green body raw materials are ball-milled into slurry to form green body dry powder, and the dry powder is pressed in a mould pressing mode to prepare a ceramic tile green body;
(2) and (3) after the ceramic tile green body is dried, applying surface glaze slurry to obtain a surface glaze layer, spraying the protective glaze slurry to obtain a protective layer, and finally drying and firing to obtain the ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste.
Wherein:
the ball milling time in the step (1) is 8-10h, and the density of the slurry is 1.65-1.70g/cm3。
And (2) performing compression molding under the pressure of 70-75MPa in the step (1).
The density of the overglaze slurry in the step (2) is 1.50-1.55g/cm3The density of the protective glaze slurry is 1.60-1.65g/cm3。
Drying at 800 ℃ for 1-1.5h at 750-10 ℃/min, heating to 1150 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, firing for 2-3h, cooling to 750 ℃ at 25-35 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.5h, and cooling to room temperature at 15-20 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the ceramic tile prepared by adopting the solid waste takes the ceramic waste, kaolin tailings, fly ash and other solid wastes as main raw materials, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, and the prepared ceramic tile has excellent performance.
(2) The production process of the ceramic tile prepared by adopting the solid waste is easy to realize industrial popularization, and the prepared ceramic tile has good compression resistance and fracture resistance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste in the embodiment 1 is characterized in that the green body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002673410140000031
wherein:
the ceramic waste comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 68.0％、Al2O3 18.5％、Fe2O3 1.5％、K2O 2.5％、Na21.0% of O, 1.0% of CaO, 0.5% of MgO and 6% of loss on ignition.
The kaolin tailing comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 17.0％、SiO2 76.0％、Fe2O3 1.0％、K2O 0.4％、Na20.3% of O and 5% of loss on ignition.
The above-mentionedThe fly ash comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 54.5％、Al2O3 22.5％、Fe2O3 5.5％、K2O 1.8％、Na20.8 percent of O, 3.0 percent of CaO, 1.5 percent of MgO and 10 percent of loss on ignition.
The red mud comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 14.0％、Al2O3 28.5％、Fe2O3 4.0％、TiO27.5％、Na2O4.5%, CaO 26.5% and loss on ignition 14.5%.
In addition, the ceramic tile prepared by using solid waste in this embodiment 1 further includes a cover glaze layer and a protective layer, wherein the cover glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of kaolin tailings, 20 parts of ceramic waste, 15 parts of red mud, 6 parts of barium carbonate, 3 parts of magnesium oxide, 6 parts of calcite, 3 parts of talcum, 5 parts of zircon sand and 0.3 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The overglaze layer raw material also comprises a certain amount of water.
The protective layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of calcined alumina, 5 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of ceramic waste, 3 parts of nepheline, 2 parts of zinc oxide, 1 part of magnesium oxide and 0.3 part of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The raw material of the protective layer also comprises a certain amount of water.
The ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste in the embodiment 1 is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the green body raw materials are ball-milled into slurry to form green body dry powder, and the dry powder is pressed in a mould pressing mode to prepare a ceramic tile green body;
(2) and (3) after the ceramic tile green body is dried, applying surface glaze slurry to obtain a surface glaze layer, spraying the protective glaze slurry to obtain a protective layer, and finally drying and firing to obtain the ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste.
Wherein:
the ball milling time in the step (1) is 8h, and the density of the slurry is 1.65g/cm3。
And (2) performing compression molding under the pressure of 70MPa in the step (1).
The density of the overglaze slurry in the step (2) is 1.50g/cm3The density of the protective glaze slurry is 1.60g/cm3。
Drying at 750 ℃ for 1h in the step (2), heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, firing for 2h, cooling to 720 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, and cooling to room temperature at the speed of 20 ℃/min.
The solid waste ceramic tile prepared in example 1 was subjected to performance tests, and the results are as follows: the breaking strength is 90.2 MPa; the compressive strength is 387.0 MPa.
Example 2
The ceramic tile prepared by using solid waste in this embodiment 2 has a body composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002673410140000041
wherein:
the ceramic waste comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 68.0％、Al2O3 18.5％、Fe2O3 1.5％、K2O 2.5％、Na21.0% of O, 1.0% of CaO, 0.5% of MgO and 6% of loss on ignition.
The kaolin tailing comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 17.0％、SiO2 76.0％、Fe2O3 1.0％、K2O 0.4％、Na20.3% of O and 5% of loss on ignition.
The fly ash comprises the following chemical components: SiO 22 54.5％、Al2O3 22.5％、Fe2O3 5.5％、K2O 1.8％、Na20.8 percent of O, 3.0 percent of CaO, 1.5 percent of MgO and 10 percent of loss on ignition.
The red mud comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 14.0％、Al2O3 28.5％、Fe2O3 4.0％、TiO27.5％、Na2O4.5%, CaO 26.5% or moreAnd a loss on ignition of 14.5%.
In addition, the ceramic tile prepared by using solid waste in this embodiment 2 further includes a cover glaze layer and a protective layer, wherein the cover glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of kaolin tailings, 25 parts of ceramic waste, 20 parts of red mud, 5 parts of barium carbonate, 5 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcite, 5 parts of talcum, 8 parts of zircon sand and 0.4 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The overglaze layer raw material also comprises a certain amount of water.
The protective layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of calcined alumina, 7 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of ceramic waste, 4 parts of nepheline, 3 parts of zinc oxide, 3 parts of magnesium oxide and 0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The raw material of the protective layer also comprises a certain amount of water.
The ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste in the embodiment 2 is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the green body raw materials are ball-milled into slurry to form green body dry powder, and the dry powder is pressed in a mould pressing mode to prepare a ceramic tile green body;
(2) and (3) after the ceramic tile green body is dried, applying surface glaze slurry to obtain a surface glaze layer, spraying the protective glaze slurry to obtain a protective layer, and finally drying and firing to obtain the ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste.
Wherein:
the ball milling time in the step (1) is 10h, and the density of the slurry is 1.70g/cm3。
And (2) performing compression molding under the pressure of 75MPa in the step (1).
The density of the overglaze slurry in the step (2) is 1.55g/cm3The density of the protective glaze slurry is 1.65g/cm3。
Drying at 800 ℃ for 1.5h in the step (2), heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, firing for 3h, cooling to 750 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.0, and cooling to room temperature at the speed of 18 ℃/min.
The solid waste ceramic tile prepared in example 2 was subjected to performance tests, and the results were as follows: the breaking strength is 100.5 MPa; the compressive strength is 410.5 MPa.
Example 3
The ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste in embodiment 3 has a body composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002673410140000051
wherein:
the ceramic waste comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 68.0％、Al2O3 18.5％、Fe2O3 1.5％、K2O 2.5％、Na21.0% of O, 1.0% of CaO, 0.5% of MgO and 6% of loss on ignition.
The kaolin tailing comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 17.0％、SiO2 76.0％、Fe2O3 1.0％、K2O 0.4％、Na20.3% of O and 5% of loss on ignition.
The fly ash comprises the following chemical components: SiO 22 54.5％、Al2O3 22.5％、Fe2O3 5.5％、K2O 1.8％、Na20.8 percent of O, 3.0 percent of CaO, 1.5 percent of MgO and 10 percent of loss on ignition.
The red mud comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 14.0％、Al2O3 28.5％、Fe2O3 4.0％、TiO27.5％、Na2O4.5%, CaO 26.5% and loss on ignition 14.5%.
In addition, the ceramic tile prepared by using solid waste in this embodiment 3 further includes a cover glaze layer and a protective layer, wherein the cover glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of kaolin tailings, 22 parts of ceramic waste, 18 parts of red mud, 8 parts of barium carbonate, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcite, 4 parts of talcum, 10 parts of zircon sand and 0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The overglaze layer raw material also comprises a certain amount of water.
The protective layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of fly ash, 22 parts of calcined alumina, 10 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of ceramic waste, 5 parts of nepheline, 1 part of zinc oxide, 2 parts of magnesium oxide and 0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The raw material of the protective layer also comprises a certain amount of water.
The ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste in the embodiment 3 is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the green body raw materials are ball-milled into slurry to form green body dry powder, and the dry powder is pressed in a mould pressing mode to prepare a ceramic tile green body;
(2) and (3) after the ceramic tile green body is dried, applying surface glaze slurry to obtain a surface glaze layer, spraying the protective glaze slurry to obtain a protective layer, and finally drying and firing to obtain the ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste.
Wherein:
the ball milling time in the step (1) is 9h, and the density of the slurry is 1.68g/cm3。
And (2) performing compression molding under the pressure of 73MPa in the step (1).
The density of the overglaze slurry in the step (2) is 1.52g/cm3The density of the protective glaze slurry is 1.63g/cm3。
Drying at 780 ℃ for 1.2h in the step (2), heating to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, firing for 2.5h, cooling to 750 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.8h, and cooling to room temperature at the speed of 18 ℃/min.
The solid waste ceramic tile prepared in example 3 was subjected to performance tests, and the results are as follows: the breaking strength is 125.0 MPa; the compressive strength is 497.8 MPa.
Comparative example 1
The ceramic tile of comparative example 1 is the same as that of example 3, except that the green body composition is different, and the green body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002673410140000071
the solid waste ceramic tile prepared in comparative example 1 is subjected to performance test, and the result is as follows: the breaking strength is 52.4 MPa; the compressive strength is 206.5 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The ceramic tile of the comparative example 2 is the same as that of the example 3, and is different in the overglaze layer, and the overglaze layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of kaolin, 22 parts of ceramic waste, 25 parts of red mud, 8 parts of barium carbonate, 4 parts of magnesium oxide, 5 parts of calcite, 4 parts of talcum, 2 parts of zircon sand and 0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
The solid waste ceramic tile prepared by the comparative example 2 is subjected to performance test, and the result is as follows: the breaking strength is 67.8 MPa; the compressive strength is 236.5 MPa.
Comparative example 3
The ceramic tile of the comparative example 3 is the same as that of the example 3, except that the protective layer is different, and the protective layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of fly ash, 22 parts of calcined alumina, 10 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of ceramic waste, 5 parts of nepheline and 0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate.
The solid waste ceramic tile prepared by the comparative example 3 is subjected to performance test, and the result is as follows: the breaking strength is 70.2 MPa; the compressive strength was 280.5 MPa.

Claims (4)

1. A ceramic tile prepared by solid waste is characterized in that: comprises a blank body, a surface glaze layer and a protective layer; the blank body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-35 parts of ceramic waste
35-40 parts of kaolin tailings
20-25 parts of fly ash
20-25 parts of red mud
10-15 parts of diatomite
5-10 parts of brown corundum;
wherein:
the ceramic waste comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 65.0-70.0%、Al2O3 18.0-21.0%、Fe2O3 1.0-2.0%、K2O 2.5-3.0%、Na21.0 to 3.5 percent of O, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of MgO and 6 to 8 percent of ignition loss;
the overglaze layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of kaolin tailings, 20-25 parts of ceramic waste, 15-20 parts of red mud, 5-8 parts of barium carbonate, 3-5 parts of magnesium oxide, 5-8 parts of calcite, 3-5 parts of talcum, 5-10 parts of zircon sand and 0.3-0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose;
the protective layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of fly ash, 20-25 parts of calcined alumina, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of ceramic waste, 3-5 parts of nepheline, 1-3 parts of zinc oxide, 1-3 parts of magnesium oxide and 0.3-0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate;
the ceramic tile prepared by adopting the solid waste is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the green body raw materials are ball-milled into slurry to form green body dry powder, and the dry powder is pressed in a mould pressing mode to prepare a ceramic tile green body;
(2) after the ceramic tile green body is dried, applying surface glaze slurry to obtain a surface glaze layer, then spraying the protective glaze slurry to obtain a protective layer, and finally drying and firing to prepare the ceramic tile prepared by using the solid waste;
wherein: the step (2) is dried at the temperature of 750-800 ℃ for 1-1.5h, then the temperature is raised to the temperature of 1000-1150 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min for sintering for 2-3h, then the temperature is lowered to the temperature of 700-750 ℃ at the speed of 25-35 ℃/min for heat preservation for 0.5-1.5h, and then the temperature is lowered to the room temperature at the speed of 15-20 ℃/min.
2. The ceramic tile produced by solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: the kaolin tailing comprises the following chemical compositions: al (aluminum)2O3 15.0-19.0%、SiO2 75.0-80.0%、Fe2O3 1.0-2.0%、K2O 0.3-0.5%、Na20.2 to 0.5 percent of O and 5 to 8 percent of loss on ignition.
3. The method of claim 1, using solid wasteThe prepared ceramic tile is characterized in that: the fly ash comprises the following chemical components: SiO 22 40.0-60.0%、Al2O3 15.0-35.0%、Fe2O3 1.5-8.0%、K2O 0.5-2.5%、Na20.2 to 1.1 percent of O, 0.8 to 3.5 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.8 percent of MgO and 6.5 to 10 percent of loss on ignition.
4. The ceramic tile produced by using solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the red mud comprises the following chemical compositions: SiO 22 12.0-18.0%、Al2O3 28.0-30.0%、Fe2O3 4.0-6.0%、TiO2 5.0-8.0%、Na23.5 to 5.5 percent of O, 25.0 to 28.0 percent of CaO and 8 to 15 percent of loss on ignition.
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CN103664137A (en) * 2013-11-13 2014-03-26 广西弘耀祥科技有限公司 Method for preparing ceramic by mainly taking kaolin tailing as raw material
CN104817342A (en) * 2015-03-27 2015-08-05 河南城建学院 Ecological energy-saving ceramic glazed tile and preparation method thereof
CN106220144A (en) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-14 佛山市寰田陶瓷有限公司 A kind of wear-resistant ceramic brick and preparation method thereof
CN110357580A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-10-22 叶活耀 A method of lightweight wall plate is prepared using Kaolin Tailings slag
CN111499198A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-07 佛山科学技术学院 High-strength ceramic glaze for splicing ceramic body and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103664137A (en) * 2013-11-13 2014-03-26 广西弘耀祥科技有限公司 Method for preparing ceramic by mainly taking kaolin tailing as raw material
CN104817342A (en) * 2015-03-27 2015-08-05 河南城建学院 Ecological energy-saving ceramic glazed tile and preparation method thereof
CN106220144A (en) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-14 佛山市寰田陶瓷有限公司 A kind of wear-resistant ceramic brick and preparation method thereof
CN110357580A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-10-22 叶活耀 A method of lightweight wall plate is prepared using Kaolin Tailings slag
CN111499198A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-07 佛山科学技术学院 High-strength ceramic glaze for splicing ceramic body and preparation method thereof

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