CN112010600A - 一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112010600A
CN112010600A CN202010808535.7A CN202010808535A CN112010600A CN 112010600 A CN112010600 A CN 112010600A CN 202010808535 A CN202010808535 A CN 202010808535A CN 112010600 A CN112010600 A CN 112010600A
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黄建明
范志阳
陈建福
黄加乐
郑海木
杨雅婷
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Fujian Spring Ecological Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法，其组分包括废弃混凝土破碎分拣后的细骨料1.8～2.0份、沙子4.4～4.6份、胶结材料(水泥)2.3～2.5份、水0.9～1.1份和浓度为50％的增强改性剂0.2～0.4份，上述组分经混合搅拌后制成增强型生态砂浆。本发明提供的生态砂浆增强剂改性是一种非离子型表面活性剂，可以提高利用建筑废弃物细骨料为原料的砂浆的性能，可以提高砂浆的流动性、和易性、强度、耐久性。特别是提高砂浆在南方室外高温暴雨等恶劣气候下的耐候性。

Description

一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种砂浆增强剂的制备方法。
背景技术
砂浆是建筑上砌砖使用的黏结物质，由一定比例的沙子和胶结材料(水泥、石灰膏、黏土等)加水和成，也叫灰浆，也作沙浆。砂浆常用的有水泥砂浆、混合砂浆(或叫水泥石灰砂浆)、石灰砂浆和粘土砂浆。
新拌普通砂浆应具有良好的和易性，硬化后的砂浆则应具有所需的强度和粘结力。砂浆的和易性与其流动性和保水性有关，一般根据施工经验掌握或通过试验确定。砂浆的抗压强度用砂浆标号表示，常用的普通砂浆标号有4、10、25、50、100等。对强度要求高及重要的砌体,才需要用100号以上的砂浆。砂浆的粘结力随其标号的提高而增强，也与砌体等的表面状态、清洁与否、潮湿程度以及施工养护条件有关。因此，砌砖之前一般要先将砖浇湿，以增强砖与砂浆之间的粘结力，确保砌筑质量。
建筑砂浆和混凝土的区别在于不含粗骨料，它是由胶凝材料、细骨料和水按一定的比例配制而成。按其用途分为砌筑砂浆和抹面砂浆；按所用材料不同，分为水泥砂浆、石灰砂浆、石膏砂浆和水泥石灰混合砂浆等。合理使用砂浆对节约胶凝材料、方便施工、提高工程质量有着重要的作用。
常见的砂浆增强剂是在砂浆制备过程中加入高分子乳液和减水剂、分散剂等，此类添加会因室外阳光暴晒、雨水冲刷等环境原因，导致砂浆的强度和耐久性因气候而衰减，并不能起到很好的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法，所制得的增强型生态砂浆既可利用建筑废弃物为原料，且具有较强的耐候性、强度和耐久性稳定，适合广泛应用在各类室外建筑中。
一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法，其组分包括废弃混凝土破碎分拣后的细骨料1.8～2.0份、沙子4.4～4.6份、胶结材料(水泥)2.3～2.5份、水0.9～1.1份和浓度为50％的增强改性剂0.2～0.4份，上述组分经混合搅拌后制成增强型生态砂浆，所述增强改性剂按以下步骤制备得到：
步骤一，0.8～1.2份甘油和3.5～4.5份聚丙二醇和0.05～0.07份的有机锡催化剂，搅拌混合均匀，得到反应液(1)；
步骤二，将步骤一得到的反应液(1)加热升温，加入6～8份的二异氰酸酯，继续保温反应，得到反应液(2)；
步骤三，向步骤二得到的反应液(2)中加入1.5～2.5份的2,2,3,3-四氟-1-丙醇进行封端反应，得到增强改性剂；
进一步的，步骤一中所述有机锡催化剂为：二月桂酸二丁基锡或辛酸亚锡中的一种或两种的混合物；
进一步的，步骤二中所述反应液(1)加热到78～82℃；
进一步的，步骤二中所述反应液(1)加入异氰酸酯，继续保温反应的时间为110～120min。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。需要说明的是，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
将1份甘油和4份聚丙二醇和0.06份的有机锡催化剂，搅拌混合均匀，得到反应液(1)，将反应液(1)加热升温到80℃，加入7份的二异氰酸酯，继续保温反应120min，得到反应液(2)，向步骤二得到的反应液(2)中加入2份的2,2,3,3-四氟-1-丙醇进行封端反应，得到增强改性剂。
其化学反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002630053250000031
将所得到的增强改性剂，通过蒸馏水稀释至浓度5％的溶液，取0.3份浓度为50％的增强改性剂稀释液与废弃混凝土破碎分拣后的细骨料1.90份、胶结材料(水泥)2.40份、砂子4.43份、水1份、混合搅拌后制得增强型生态砂浆。
以下是对比实验数据：
表1改性前后砂浆的性能对比
Figure BDA0002630053250000041
为了证明本发明的实际效果，进行了改性前后的耐候性测试，实验方案：主要测定外墙外保温用聚合物砂浆中的粘结砂浆的相关物理性能。在实验中,测定砂浆在标况下养护和分别经受热雨循环、热冷循环后的力学性能,包括它的抗折强度、抗压强度、粘结强度。热雨循环和热冷循环均根据JG 149-2003膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统进行。
1实验
1.1实验方法
1)热雨周期，试样需依次经过以下步骤80次：a.将试样表面匀速升温加热至70℃(温度上升时间为1h),保持温度70℃±5℃，相对湿度10％～15％2h(共3h)；b.喷水1h,水温15℃±5℃，喷水量1.0L/(m2·min)～1.5L/(m2·min)；c.静置2h(干燥)。
2)热冷周期，经受上述热雨周期后的试样在温度为10℃～25℃、相对湿度不小于50％的条件下放置至少48h后,再根据以下步骤执行5个热冷周期：a.在温度为50℃±5℃(温度上升时间为1h)、相对湿度不大于10％的条件下放置7h(共8h)；b.在温度-20℃±5℃(降温时间为2h)的条件下放置14h(共16h)。在热雨循环20次、40次、60次、80次后分别测定强度；热冷循环2次和5次后分别测定强度，同时测定标准实验条件下对应的强度作对比。
1.2实验材料
水，苯板，加入砂浆王的砂浆制作的试块，改性后砂浆制造的试块。
1.3实验用仪器设备
万能试验机、抗折试验机；砂浆搅拌机；拉力试验机；温度计；湿度计；耐候性试验设备。
1.4试样制作及检测方法
根据JG 149-2003膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统。
2实验结果及评定
按1.1实验方案对改性前后的粘结砂浆进行试验，实验结果见表2。
表2改性前后的耐候性测试
Figure BDA0002630053250000061
3破坏机理分析
聚合物砂浆的耐久性主要受硬化水泥浆体的结构影响。硬化水泥浆体结构主要由硅酸盐水泥的水化产物及聚合物成膜体构成。
水泥砂浆的硬化体是一个多孔结构，加入聚合物后，聚合物一方面填充水泥浆体内部，使孔隙率降低；另一方面在水化体表面形成较为致密的膜，提高了硬化水泥浆体的粘结性及柔韧性。
经耐候性试验后，砂浆的强度均有降低。砂浆中的聚合物在高温下会产生一定程度的降解，使得水泥浆与骨料间形成的膜失去了以前的作用。
随着温度的升高，聚合物中的不同组分之间发生了形变和迁移，使得砂浆的热稳定性降低，因此，高温对结构产生了一定的影响，尤其表现在抗折强度的降低。
而在低温下，聚合物的稳定性较好，聚合物膜较好地发挥了粘结作用，温度、湿度的变化会影响结构内部的稳定性。
聚合物硬化水泥浆体在高温作用下产生膨胀，在这一过程中，一方面内部的游离水、凝胶水会发生迁移蒸发现象，使连通空隙增加；另一方面随着温度的升高(70℃)与降低(15℃)，在结构体内会产生一定的温度应力，导致硬化水泥浆体结构的破坏。经过多次热雨循环后，硬化水泥浆体结构较疏松多孔。
本发明通过甘油、聚丙二醇和有机锡催化剂与二异氰酸酯反应形成的聚氨酯预聚体，再利用2,2,3,3-四氟-1-丙醇对异氰酸酯基进行封端，制成的增强改性剂稀释后加入水与砂浆的配料混合，大大提高了砂浆的耐候性，增强了砂浆的在室外环境下的性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种增强型生态砂浆的制备方法，其组分包括废弃混凝土破碎分拣后的细骨料1.8～2.0份、沙子4.4～4.6份、胶结材料(水泥)2.3～2.5份、水0.9～1.1份和浓度为50％的增强改性剂0.2～0.4份，上述组分经混合搅拌后制成增强型生态砂浆，其特征在于，所述增强改性剂按以下步骤制备得到：
步骤一，0.8～1.2份甘油和3.5～4.5份聚丙二醇和0.05～0.07份的有机锡催化剂，搅拌混合均匀，得到反应液(1)；
步骤二，将步骤一得到的反应液(1)加热升温，加入6～8份的二异氰酸酯，继续保温反应，得到反应液(2)；
步骤三，向步骤二得到的反应液(2)中加入1.5～2.5份的2,2,3,3-四氟-1-丙醇进行封端反应，得到增强改性剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种砂浆增强改性剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤一中所述有机锡催化剂为：二月桂酸二丁基锡或辛酸亚锡中的一种或两种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种砂浆增强改性剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤二中所述反应液(1)加热到78～82℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种砂浆增强改性剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述反应液(1)加入二异氰酸酯持续保温反应的时间为110～120min。
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