CN112008436B - Multi-feature thin-wall plate part machining method based on initial residual stress release of blank - Google Patents
Multi-feature thin-wall plate part machining method based on initial residual stress release of blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008436B CN112008436B CN202010745682.4A CN202010745682A CN112008436B CN 112008436 B CN112008436 B CN 112008436B CN 202010745682 A CN202010745682 A CN 202010745682A CN 112008436 B CN112008436 B CN 112008436B
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- B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of machining, and discloses a multi-feature wallboard part machining method based on blank initial residual stress release, which comprises the following steps that firstly, due to the influence of the blank initial residual stress, a blank warps to a certain degree before machining, and therefore a blank self-deformation counteracting strategy is adopted and used for counteracting deformation caused by the blank residual stress release in the part machining process; then, the parameters of a processing tool and cutting chips during the processing of the frame surface are rated, so that the phenomena of large cutting force and uneven stress release in the cutting process are avoided; finally, aiming at the frame surface processing, the step of surface repairing is cancelled, and a reticular feed mode is adopted to open a latticed stress release groove, so that the stress of the part is uniformly released, and the deformation of the part is inhibited. The method can effectively control the machining deformation of the multi-feature thin-wall plate part caused by the release of the initial residual stress of the blank, solves the problems of serious part deformation, difficult machining precision control and the like in the machining process, and ensures the machining quality of the part.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a machining method of a multi-feature thin-wall plate part based on initial residual stress release of a blank.
Background
In recent years, with the development of manufacturing industry, the technological requirements for numerical control machine tool machining are increasing. The design and manufacture requirements of the wall plate type parts as main bearing parts and main body assembly frameworks in the airplane structure are continuously developed towards the directions of integral parts, large-scale, complicated, high-precision and the like, the occupation ratio of the parts in the airplane structural parts is increased day by day, and the wall plate type parts have the function of lifting weight in the airplane integral structure. The large-scale wall plate part has the characteristics of large part outline size, more groove cavities, thinner wall thickness and the like, and a series of research works are also carried out by domestic and international colleges and scientific research institutions aiming at the deformation problem of the large-scale thin-wall plate part. However, the study on the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate caused by the residual stress of the blank at home and abroad is still far from sufficient. For thin-wall plate parts, the release of residual stress of a blank in the machining process with a large removal rate is a main factor causing part deformation, and if the problem of residual stress release cannot be effectively solved, large deformation is easily caused in the machining process of the parts and after machining, so that the size is out of tolerance or the products cannot meet the requirements and are scrapped.
Both mechanical and strengthening processes can cause residual stresses, such as cold drawing, bending, machining, rolling, shot blasting, casting, forging, welding, and heat treating metals, which can be caused by uneven plastic deformation or phase transformation. Residual stresses are generally detrimental, as they can cause warping or distortion, even cracking, or surface cracking after quenching and grinding of the part after improper heat treatment, welding or machining. The presence of residual stresses sometimes does not immediately manifest itself as a defect, but cracks or deformations occur when the total stress exceeds the strength limit during operation due to the superposition of operating stresses and residual stresses.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of part deformation caused by blank residual stress release in the machining process with a large removal rate, the application provides a machining method of a multi-feature thin-wall plate part based on blank initial residual stress release.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:
a machining method for a multi-feature thin-wall plate part based on initial residual stress release of a blank specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, a blank plate is taken, the warping degree of the surface of the blank is judged by using a dial indicator, and a blank self-deformation counteracting strategy is adopted for counteracting the deformation caused by the release of the residual stress of the blank in the part processing process;
s2, reaming a process hole pit on the frame surface, manufacturing a compression hole, and increasing a latticed stress release groove in a net-shaped feed mode;
s3, reaming a compact hole nest with a smooth surface to manufacture a fabrication hole;
s4, smooth surface finishing, namely, adopting a uniform-thickness smooth surface finishing mode, and finishing the smooth surface characteristics in place;
s5, performing rough machining and finish machining on the frame surface in place, rating machining tools and cutting parameters during machining, and machining the frame surface in a radial block type feed mode.
Preferably, in step S1, the dial indicator is used to determine the warping degree of the surface of the blank, so as to determine the concave surface and the convex surface of the blank, and then the concave surface of the blank is defined as a smooth surface, and the convex surface of the blank is defined as a frame surface.
Preferably, in step S2, a stress relief groove is formed every 300mm in the length direction of the part, a stress relief groove is formed every 200mm in the width direction, the groove width is 12mm, and the groove depth is 12mm
Wherein T is the blank thickness, and T is the maximum thickness of the thin-wall plate part.
Preferably, in step S4, the formula for calculating the shaving thickness is as follows:
b＝T-a-t；
wherein T is the blank thickness, a is the frame surface stress release groove depth, and T is the maximum thickness of the thin-wall plate part.
Preferably, in step S5, the machining spindle rotation speed S is 9000r/min, the machining feed rate is G3000 mm/min, the tool depth d is 2mm, and the end mill specification is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the cutter of the end mill (D is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 20mm), and L is the working length of the end mill.
The beneficial effect of this application:
(1) the application provides a whole set of process scheme for releasing residual stress of a thin-wall plate part blank, wherein the process scheme comprises a blank self-deformation counteracting strategy after material receiving, frame face machining cutter selection and cutting parameter quota, frame face opening stress release grooves, a radial block type machining method adopted by the frame face and the like. The machining deformation control method and the machining deformation control device can effectively control the machining deformation of the multi-feature thin-wall plate part caused by the release of the initial residual stress of the blank, solve the problems of serious part deformation, difficult control of machining precision and the like in the machining process, and ensure the machining quality of the multi-feature thin-wall plate part to the great extent.
(2) In the application, the processing cutter and the cutting parameters during the frame surface processing are rated, the phenomena of large cutting force and uneven stress release in the cutting process are avoided, the face repairing step is cancelled during the frame surface processing at last, and a reticular feed mode is adopted to increase grid-shaped stress release grooves, so that the stress of the part is uniformly released, and the part deformation is restrained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blank self-deformation cancellation strategy according to the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the blank frame surface of the present application with additional grid-shaped stress relief grooves.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
Examples
Referring to the attached drawing 1 of the specification, the embodiment discloses a multi-feature thin-wall plate part machining method based on blank initial residual stress release, and firstly, due to the influence of the blank initial residual stress, the blank is warped to a certain degree before machining, so that a blank self-deformation counteracting strategy is adopted for counteracting the deformation caused by the blank residual stress release in the part machining process; then the processing cutter and the cutting parameters during the frame surface processing are rated, and finally, aiming at the frame surface processing, the traditional surface modification step is cancelled, and a reticular feed mode is adopted to increase a reticular stress release groove, and the concrete operation is as follows:
s1, a blank plate is taken, then the warping degree of the surface of the blank is judged by using a dial indicator, and a blank self-deformation counteracting strategy is adopted for counteracting the deformation caused by the release of the residual stress of the blank in the part processing process;
for the practical example of the application, a blank plate stock is firstly taken, the overall size of the blank plate stock is 3060mm multiplied by 1530mm (the fiber direction is along 1530mm), the thickness is 17mm, the blank plate stock is made of an aluminum alloy material 7050-T7451, the elastic modulus E is 68GPa, Poisson ratio upsilon is 0.346, and the yield strength is 9.5E +007N/m 2. Then, judging the warping degree of the surface of the blank by using a dial indicator, judging the concave surface and the convex surface of the blank, then defining the concave surface of the blank as a smooth surface and the convex surface of the blank as a frame surface, referring to the attached drawing 2 in the specification, wherein A in the drawing 2 is the concave surface and the smooth surface, B is the convex surface and the frame surface, and counteracting the deformation caused by the release of the residual stress of the blank in the part processing process by the blank self-deformation counteracting strategy.
S2, reaming a process hole pit on the frame surface, manufacturing a compression hole, and increasing a latticed stress release groove in a net-shaped feed mode;
in step S1, the convex surface of the blank is a frame surface. Firstly reaming a process hole nest on a frame surface, then making a compression screw hole, and finally additionally opening latticed stress release grooves by adopting a net-shaped feed mode, referring to the attached drawing 3 of the specification, wherein one stress release groove is opened in the length direction of every 300mm, one stress release groove is opened in the width direction of every 200mm, the width of the groove is 12mm, therefore, an end mill with the diameter of 12mm and the radius of a base angle of 1mm is used, and the depth a of the stress release groove is calculated by the following formula
Wherein T is the blank thickness, and T is the maximum thickness of the thin-wall plate part.
S3, reaming a compact hole nest with a smooth surface to manufacture a fabrication hole;
in step S1, the concave surface of the blank is a smooth surface, and the press screw hole pocket and the fabrication hole are reamed in the smooth surface.
And S4, smooth surface finishing, namely adopting a uniform-thickness smooth surface finishing mode. In addition, finish machining of the smooth surface features is in place;
considering the deformation caused by unbalanced stress release due to inconsistent material removal rates of two surfaces of the part in the part machining process, the smooth surface finishing adopts a constant-thickness finishing mode, and the calculation formula of the finishing thickness b is as follows
b＝T-a-t；
Wherein T is the blank thickness, a is the frame surface stress release groove depth, and T is the maximum thickness of the thin-wall plate part.
S5, performing rough machining and finish machining on the frame surface in place, rating machining tools and cutting parameters during machining, and machining the frame surface in a radial block-type feed mode;
the machining cutter and cutting parameters are rated during machining, the rotating speed S of a main shaft during machining is 9000r/min, the machining feed rate is G3000 mm/min, the cutting depth d of the cutter is 2mm, and the specifications of the end mill are as follows
Wherein D is the diameter of the cutter of the end mill (D is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 20mm), and L is the working length of the end mill.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, which are not limited thereto, and any simple modifications and equivalents thereof according to the technical spirit of the present invention may be made within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A machining method for a multi-feature thin-wall plate part based on initial residual stress release of a blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, a blank plate is taken, the warping degree of the surface of the blank is judged by using a dial indicator, so that the concave surface and the convex surface of the blank are judged, then the concave surface of the blank is defined as a smooth surface, the convex surface of the blank is a frame surface, and a blank self-deformation counteracting strategy is adopted for counteracting the deformation caused by the release of the residual stress of the blank in the part processing process;
s2, reaming a process hole pit on the frame surface, manufacturing a compression hole, and increasing a latticed stress release groove in a net-shaped feed mode;
s3, reaming a compact hole nest with a smooth surface to manufacture a fabrication hole;
s4, smooth surface finishing, namely, adopting a uniform-thickness smooth surface finishing mode, and finishing the smooth surface characteristics in place;
s5, performing rough machining and finish machining on the frame surface in place, rating machining tools and cutting parameters during machining, and machining the frame surface in a radial block-type feed mode; the rotation speed S of a main shaft is 9000r/min during machining, the machining feed rate is G =3000mm/min, the cutting depth d of a cutter is 2mm, and the specification of the end mill is as follows:
wherein D is the tool diameter of the end mill (A)
) And L is the working length of the end mill.
2. The blank-initiated residual stress relaxation-based multi-feature thin wall plate part machining method of claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, a stress relief groove is formed every 300mm in the length direction of the part, a stress relief groove is formed every 200mm in the width direction, the width of the groove is 12mm, and the depth of the groove is 12mm
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the thickness of the blank is the thickness of the blank,
the maximum thickness of the thin-wall plate part.
3. The blank-initiated residual stress relaxation-based multi-feature thin wall plate part machining method of claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the formula for calculating the shaving thickness is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the thickness of the blank is the thickness of the blank,
the depth of the stress release groove of the frame surface,
the maximum thickness of the thin-wall plate part.
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| CN114406719B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-15 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Long beam part machining deformation control method |
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| CN101024255A (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-08-29 | 天水锻压机床有限公司 | Plate-stress released-deformation compensation apparatus |
| EP2147742B1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-06-15 | C.B. Ferrari S.p.A. | Compensation device for deformations correction after roughing with decoupling |
| CN103084800B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2016-04-13 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | The pre-stretch bending of metal thick plate blank and band curvature height muscle wallboard digital control processing manufacturing process |
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| CN111177906B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-10-15 | 山东大学 | Method for accurately compensating discrete die profile |
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