CN112007644A - Salt template method-based two-dimensional Fe/Fe preparation method by recovering Fenton sludge3O4Method for preparing photocatalyst - Google Patents
Salt template method-based two-dimensional Fe/Fe preparation method by recovering Fenton sludge3O4Method for preparing photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling treatment, and discloses a salt template method based two-dimensional Fe/Fe preparation method by recovering Fenton sludge3O4A method of photocatalyst. Dissolving Fenton sludgeAdding inorganic salt and ammonia water into water, heating and stirring until the water is evaporated to dryness to obtain Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt core-shell structure powder, and then roasting in a reducing atmosphere to obtain Fe/Fe-containing component3O4The baking product of the @ inorganic salt is added into water to be stirred and dissolved to remove the inorganic salt template, and two-dimensional Fe/Fe is obtained through magnetic separation3O4A photocatalyst. The invention solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by Fenton sludge on one hand, and develops the magnetic two-dimensional Fe/Fe with high catalytic activity and recycling capability3O4The photocatalyst can be used for photocatalytic water oxidation, photocatalytic degradation and Fenton reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling treatment, and particularly relates to a salt template method based two-dimensional Fe/Fe preparation method by recovering Fenton sludge3O4A method of photocatalyst.
Background
The Fenton/Fenton-like oxidation process is a sewage treatment technology which is gradually popularized and used in industry. The process utilizes Fe under the condition of strong acidity (pH is 3-4)2+And Fe3+Catalysis H2O2The hydroxyl radical (. OH) produced participates in the oxidation reaction. And after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH back to neutral by using alkali liquor, and adding a flocculating agent for flocculation and precipitation to form Fenton sludge. The sludge contains metal hydroxide (40-60 percent of the proportion) mainly containing Fe element, and also contains a certain amount of heavy metal ions and organic matters adsorbed and coated by flocs.
The ferrous sludge produced by the Fenton oxidation process has the water content of about 80 percent after dehydration and contains a large amount of heavy metal and organic pollutant components. If the Fenton sludge is directly buried and treated, heavy metals in the Fenton sludge can migrate along with percolate to form secondary pollution, and organic matters contained in the Fenton sludge can be decayed and smelly in the burying process, so that air pollution within a certain range is caused. Therefore, in some areas, the Fenton sludge is classified as dangerous solid waste, the treatment cost is up to 2000-3000 yuan/ton, and the treatment of the Fenton sludge is increasingly an important link in the Fenton/Fenton-like process.
At present, the Fenton sludge treatment modes mainly comprise two types: one is a stabilization treatment of fenton sludge, which comprises introducing fenton sludge into a stable solid crystal lattice through a chemical reaction, or directly incorporating fenton sludge into an inert substrate; the other method is to perform resource treatment on the Fenton sludge, and comprises the steps of extracting valuable Fe element by using an acid dissolution method, an electrochemical regeneration method, a high-temperature roasting method and the like, and then utilizing the valuable Fe element. For example, patent CN 102642997a discloses a method for recycling sludge generated in Fenton treatment process, which comprises treating chemical sludge after Fenton treatment by acid dissolution, oxidizing agent oxidation, aeration oxidation and filtration in sequence, and recycling the chemical sludge as a catalyst in a Fenton oxidation treatment system of wastewater. Patent CN 104437502A discloses a magnetism fenton catalyst spinel ferrite and application that use fenton mud as iron source, utilizes the iron mud that fenton produced to replace the molysite and synthesize magnetism fenton catalyst spinel ferrite as the iron source, has realized the cyclic utilization of dangerous solid useless fenton mud, has practiced thrift iron mud treatment cost. Compared with a stabilization treatment mode, the resource treatment of the Fenton sludge can improve the economic benefit of the Fenton/Fenton-like process and save a large amount of steel resources, and has important significance for reasonable application of metal resources and popularization and application of the Fenton/Fenton-like process.
The iron-based nano material has the characteristics of proper energy band structure, good stability, low price, convenience in recovery and the like, and has great application potential in the field of photocatalysis (such as photocatalytic water oxidation, photocatalytic degradation and the like). Although the photocatalytic performance of the iron-based nano-catalyst is still different from that of the commercialized noble metal catalyst (Pt, Au, Ag, etc.), the photocatalytic performance of the iron-based nano-catalyst can be greatly improved through reasonable structural design to meet the industrial demand.
Compared with the common bulk phase catalyst, the two-dimensional nano catalyst has larger specific surface area, can expose more active catalytic sites, and further shows better catalytic performance. Among the methods for preparing two-dimensional nanomaterials in a plurality of laboratories, the salt template method has the advantages of large-scale preparation of ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials, the salt template method is used for preparing an ultrathin N-dopedCo @ C catalyst (DOI:10.1039/C7ta05821g) with the thickness of only 4nm by the Huangliang subject group of Huazhong university of science and technology, but toxic methanol and expensive organic ligands are used in the preparation process of the catalyst, and a high-speed centrifuge and a large amount of solvents are needed for separation of ultrathin N-dopedCo @ C nanosheets, so that the industrial production is difficult to adapt.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe by recovering Fenton sludge based on a salt template method3O4A method of photocatalyst.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional Fe/Fe alloy prepared by the above method3O4A photocatalyst.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide the above two-dimensional Fe/Fe3O4The application of the photocatalyst in photocatalytic water oxidation, photocatalytic degradation or Fenton reaction.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
salt template method based two-dimensional Fe/Fe prepared by recovering Fenton sludge3O4A method of photocatalyst comprising the steps of:
(1) deposition: dissolving Fenton sludge into water, adding inorganic salt and ammonia water, heating and stirring until the water is evaporated to dryness, and obtaining Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt core-shell structure powder;
(2) roasting: roasting the Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt core-shell structure powder in a reducing atmosphere to obtain the Fe/Fe-containing component3O4A calcination product of @ inorganic salt;
(3) separation: adding the roasted product obtained in the step (2) into water, stirring and dissolving to remove the inorganic salt template, and then obtaining two-dimensional Fe/Fe through magnetic separation3O4A photocatalyst.
Further, the inorganic salt in the step (1) includes at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
Further, the particle size of the inorganic salt in the step (1) is 200 mesh or less.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the Fenton sludge, the water, the inorganic salt and the ammonia water in the step (1) is 100 (50-200) to 20-200 (1-20).
Further, the heating and stirring temperature in the step (1) is 40-90 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500-2000 rpm.
Further, the reducing atmosphere in the step (2) is a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon, and the volume fraction of hydrogen in the mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon is more preferably 5% to 20%.
Further, the temperature of the roasting treatment in the step (2) is 300-900 ℃, and the time is 0.5-4 h.
Further, the template for dissolving and removing inorganic salts in the step (3) adopts hot water with the temperature of 40-90 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), a magnetic separator with the intensity of 1000-15000 gausses is used for magnetic separation.
Further, separating Fe/Fe by magnetic separation in the step (3)3O4Filtering the solid-liquid mixture remaining after the nanosheets to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and an inorganic salt solution; and (3) recycling the obtained nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder as heavy metal ore, and concentrating the obtained inorganic salt solution and recycling the concentrated inorganic salt solution for the step (1).
Two-dimensional Fe/Fe3O4A photocatalyst prepared by the above method.
The above two-dimensional Fe/Fe3O4The application of the photocatalyst in photocatalytic water oxidation, photocatalytic degradation or Fenton reaction.
The principle of the invention is as follows: in the process of heating and stirring a solution containing Fenton sludge, inorganic salt and ammonia water until the water is evaporated to dryness, metal ions in the Fenton sludge are uniformly deposited on the surface of salt particles in the form of hydroxide or oxyhydroxide, and Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt core-shell structure powder is obtained; then roasting the mixture in a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon to reduce the Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt into Fe/Fe3O4@ inorganic salt; adding into water, stirring to dissolve inorganic salt template, and adding magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nano-sheets and a small amount of heavy metal simple substance/oxide are suspended in water under the stirring action, and the magnetic Fe/Fe is separated by magnetic separation3O4The nano-sheets are separated from the solid-liquid mixture, and the residual solid-liquid mixture is separated through filtration to obtain the nano-sheetsTo the pure metal/oxide and inorganic salt solution without magnetism. Separated magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nanosheets are used as photocatalysts, nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substances/oxides can be recycled as heavy metal ores, and the separated inorganic salt solution can be recycled in the step (1) after being concentrated.
The preparation method and the obtained product have the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the method takes Fenton sludge and cheap industrial inorganic salt as raw materials, and prepares the two-dimensional Fe/Fe which has low cost, excellent catalytic performance and easy recovery of magnetism on a large scale by a deposition-roasting-separation method3O4The nano photocatalyst is used for enriching the heavy metal elements with low content; not only saves the cost required by landfill solid waste, but also can extract Fe element from the waste to produce two-dimensional Fe/Fe3O4Nano photocatalyst and simultaneously obtaining the enriched heavy metal powder. The technology not only improves the utilization rate of resources, but also provides a scheme with economic benefit for the treatment of Fenton sludge.
(2) According to the Fenton sludge resource utilization technology provided by the invention, substances such as strong acid, strong alkali, toxic and volatile solvents are not used in the process of treating the Fenton sludge, and excrement harmful to the environment is not generated, so that the requirements of environmental protection and high atom utilization rate can be met.
(3) The two-dimensional Fe/Fe prepared by the invention3O4The nano-sheet can be used as a high-efficiency photocatalyst and can play an important role in various photocatalytic reactions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of resource utilization of Fenton's sludge in example 1.
FIG. 2 is the two-dimensional Fe/Fe synthesized in example 13O4SEM image of nanoplatelets.
FIG. 3 is the two-dimensional Fe/Fe synthesized in example 23O4SEM image of nanoplatelets.
FIG. 4 shows two-dimensional Fe/Fe obtained in example 4 at different baking temperatures3O4Performance of nanosheet in catalyzing water oxidationAnd (5) a result chart.
FIG. 5 shows two-dimensional Fe/Fe obtained in example 5 at different baking temperatures3O4And (3) a performance result graph of degrading methylene blue by the nanosheet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Dissolving 100 parts by weight of untreated Fenton sludge into 100 parts by weight of water, adding 50 parts by weight of sodium chloride with the particle size of less than 200 meshes and 5 parts by weight of ammonia water, stirring at a constant temperature of 60 ℃ and a rotating speed of 1000rpm until the water is evaporated to dryness, and obtaining powder with a core-shell structure containing Fe component @ NaCl.
(2) The powder with the core-shell structure containing the Fe component @ NaCl is placed in a tubular furnace, and the tubular furnace is roasted for 2 hours at the temperature of 800 ℃ under the atmosphere of hydrogen/argon mixed gas (the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10%). During the roasting process, the Fe-containing component @ NaCl is reduced to Fe/Fe3O4@NaCl。
(3) And (3) naturally cooling the roasted product in the step (2), adding the cooled roasted product into 200 parts by weight of hot water (60 ℃) and stirring for 30min to fully dissolve the NaCl template. Magnetic Fe/Fe3O4Suspending the nanosheets and a small amount of heavy metal simple substance/oxide in water under the stirring action, and using a 10000 Gauss-strength magnetic separator to separate magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nanosheets are separated from the solid-liquid mixture, and the remaining solid-liquid mixture is separated through a filter screen to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and NaCl solution. And (3) recycling the obtained nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder as heavy metal ore, and concentrating the obtained NaCl solution and recycling the concentrated NaCl solution for the step (1).
The process flow diagram of the fenton sludge resource recycling of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1.
Two-dimensional Fe/Fe obtained in this example3O4SEM images of the nanoplatelets are shown in figure 2.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving 100 parts by weight of untreated Fenton's sludgeAdding 100 weight parts of K with the particle size of less than 200 meshes into 50 weight parts of water2SO4And 10 parts by weight of ammonia water, stirring at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ and the rotating speed of 1000rpm until the water is evaporated to dryness to obtain a component containing Fe @ K2SO4The core-shell structure of (1).
(2) The component containing Fe @ K2SO4The powder with the core-shell structure is placed in a tube furnace, and the tube furnace is roasted for 4 hours under the atmosphere of hydrogen/argon mixed gas (the volume fraction of the hydrogen is 10%) at 700 ℃. In the roasting process, the component containing Fe @ K2SO4Reduction to Fe/Fe3O4@K2SO4。
(3) Naturally cooling the roasted product in the step (2), adding the cooled roasted product into 200 parts by weight of hot water (80 ℃) and stirring for 30min to ensure that K is2SO4The template is fully dissolved. Magnetic Fe/Fe3O4Suspending the nano-sheets and a small amount of heavy metal simple substance/oxide in water under the stirring action, and using a magnetic separator with 1600 gauss intensity to separate magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nano-sheets are separated from the solid-liquid mixture, and the residual solid-liquid mixture is separated by a filter screen to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and K2SO4And (3) solution. The obtained nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder is recycled as heavy metal ore, and the obtained K2SO4The solution is concentrated and recycled for use in step (1).
Fe/Fe obtained in this example3O4The nanoplatelets have a two-dimensional structure similar to that of example 1, as shown in figure 3.
Example 3
(1) Dissolving untreated Fenton's sludge 100 weight parts in water 150 weight parts, adding Na 100 weight parts with particle size below 200 mesh2CO3And 15 parts by weight of ammonia water, stirring at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ and the rotating speed of 800rpm until the water is evaporated to dryness to obtain a component containing Fe @ Na2CO3The core-shell structure of (1).
(2) The component containing Fe @ Na2CO3The core-shell powder is placed in a tube furnace, which is hydrogen/argon mixed at 700 DEG CAnd (3) roasting for 2h under the atmosphere of gas (the volume fraction of hydrogen is 15%). In the roasting process, the component containing Fe @ Na2CO3Reduction to Fe/Fe3O4@Na2CO3。
(3) Naturally cooling the roasted product in the step (2), adding the cooled roasted product into 200 parts by weight of hot water (80 ℃) and stirring for 30min to enable Na to be contained2CO3The template is fully dissolved. Magnetic Fe/Fe3O4Suspending the nano-sheets and a small amount of heavy metal simple substance/oxide in water under the stirring action, and using a magnetic separator with 1600 gauss intensity to separate magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nano-sheets are separated from the solid-liquid mixture, and the residual solid-liquid mixture is separated by a filter screen to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and Na2CO3And (3) solution. The obtained nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder is recycled as heavy metal ore, and the obtained Na2CO3The solution is concentrated and recycled for use in step (1).
Example 4
(1) Dissolving 100 weight parts of untreated Fenton sludge in 200 weight parts of water, and adding 50 weight parts of K with particle size of 200 meshes or less2CO3And 20 parts by weight of ammonia water, stirring at the constant temperature of 50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 1500rpm until the water is evaporated to dryness to obtain a component containing Fe @ K2CO3The core-shell structure of (1).
(2) The component containing Fe @ K2CO3The powder of the core-shell structure is placed in a tube furnace and is roasted for 3 hours in the atmosphere of hydrogen/argon gas mixture (the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10%) at 700 ℃, 800 ℃ and 900 ℃ respectively. In the roasting process, the component containing Fe @ K2CO3Reduction to Fe/Fe3O4@K2CO3。
(3) Naturally cooling the roasted product in the step (2), adding the cooled roasted product into 200 parts by weight of hot water (60 ℃) and stirring for 30min to ensure that K is2CO3The template is fully dissolved. Magnetic Fe/Fe3O4Suspending the nanosheets and a small amount of heavy metal simple substance/oxide in water under the stirring action, and using a 10000 Gauss-strength magnetic separator to separate magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nano-sheets are separated from the solid-liquid mixture, and the residual solid-liquid mixture is separated by a filter screen to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and K2CO3And (3) solution. The obtained nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder is recycled as heavy metal ore, and the obtained K2CO3The solution is concentrated and recycled for use in step (1).
This example is a two-dimensional Fe/Fe alloy synthesized at different temperatures (700 deg.C, 800 deg.C and 900 deg.C)3O4The nano sheet tests the catalytic water oxidation performance, and the test conditions are as follows: two dimensional Fe/Fe3O41mg of nanosheet photocatalyst, 1mM of photosensitizer, 10mM of potassium persulfate and 10mL of boric acid buffer. And the nano-sheet photocatalyst obtained without calcination treatment is used as a comparison, and the test result is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the results in FIG. 4, Fe/Fe synthesized under the calcination conditions at 700 ℃ is3O4The photocatalytic water oxidation performance of the sample is higher than that of the sample synthesized under the roasting conditions of 600 ℃ and 800 ℃. Under visible light conditions, 1mgFe/Fe3O4The content of oxygen released by catalytic water cracking in 10min can reach 46.2 mu mol, the performance of the catalyst is far higher than that of a sample which is not roasted, and the catalyst shows good photocatalytic water oxidation performance.
Example 5
(1) Dissolving untreated Fenton sludge 100 weight parts in water 50 weight parts, adding Na 100 weight parts with particle size below 200 mesh2SO4And 10 parts by weight of ammonia water, stirring at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ and the rotating speed of 1500rpm until the water is evaporated to dryness to obtain a component containing Fe @ Na2SO4The core-shell structure of (1).
(2) The component containing Fe @ Na2SO4The powder with the core-shell structure is placed in a tube furnace and is roasted for 1h in the atmosphere of hydrogen/argon gas mixture (the volume fraction of hydrogen is 20%) at 600 ℃, 700 ℃ and 800 ℃ respectively. In the roasting process, the component containing Fe @ Na2SO4Reduction to Fe/Fe3O4@Na2SO4。
(3) Naturally cooling the roasted product in the step (2), and adding the cooled roasted product into 200 parts by weight of hot water (80 ℃)Stirring for 30min to obtain Na2SO4The template is fully dissolved. Magnetic Fe/Fe3O4Suspending the nano-sheets and a small amount of heavy metal simple substance/oxide in water under the stirring action, and using a magnetic separator with 1000 gauss intensity to separate magnetic Fe/Fe3O4The nanosheets are separated from the solid-liquid mixture, and the remaining solid-liquid mixture is separated through a filter screen to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and an inorganic salt solution.
This example is a two-dimensional Fe/Fe alloy synthesized at different temperatures (600 deg.C, 700 deg.C and 800 deg.C)3O4The nanosheet is used for testing the photocatalytic degradation methylene blue performance, and the testing conditions are as follows: two dimensional Fe/Fe3O45mg/L of nano-sheet photocatalyst and 20mg/L of methylene blue. The test results are shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the results in FIG. 5, Fe/Fe was produced under the firing conditions of 700 deg.C3O4The methylene blue degrading performance of the nano sheet is obviously superior to that of Fe/Fe synthesized under the conditions of 600 ℃ and 800 DEG C3O4Nanosheets. 5mg/L Fe/Fe3O4The efficiency of the nano sheet (700 ℃) for degrading methylene blue solution (20mg/L) in 100min under simulated sunlight reaches 94.3%.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Salt template method based two-dimensional Fe/Fe prepared by recovering Fenton sludge3O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) deposition: dissolving Fenton sludge into water, adding inorganic salt and ammonia water, heating and stirring until the water is evaporated to dryness, and obtaining Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt core-shell structure powder;
(2) roasting: roasting the Fe-containing component @ inorganic salt core-shell structure powder in a reducing atmosphere to obtain the Fe/Fe-containing component3O4Baked products of @ inorganic salts；
(3) Separation: adding the roasted product obtained in the step (2) into water, stirring and dissolving to remove the inorganic salt template, and then obtaining two-dimensional Fe/Fe through magnetic separation3O4A photocatalyst.
2. The method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe based on Fenton sludge recovery based on salt template method according to claim 13O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: the inorganic salt in the step (1) comprises at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
3. The method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe based on Fenton sludge recovery based on salt template method according to claim 13O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: in the step (1), the weight ratio of the Fenton sludge, the water, the inorganic salt and the ammonia water is (50-200) - (20-200) - (1-20) 100.
4. The method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe based on Fenton sludge recovery based on salt template method according to claim 13O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: the heating and stirring temperature in the step (1) is 40-90 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500-2000 rpm.
5. The method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe based on Fenton sludge recovery based on salt template method according to claim 13O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: the reducing atmosphere in the step (2) is a mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon; the roasting treatment temperature is 300-900 ℃, and the roasting treatment time is 0.5-4 h.
6. The method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe based on Fenton sludge recovery based on salt template method according to claim 13O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: and (4) adopting hot water at the temperature of 40-90 ℃ to dissolve and remove the inorganic salt template in the step (3).
7. The method of claim 1Salt template method based two-dimensional Fe/Fe prepared by recovering Fenton sludge3O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: and (4) in the step (3), a magnetic separator with the intensity of 1000-15000 gausses is used for magnetic separation.
8. The method for preparing two-dimensional Fe/Fe based on Fenton sludge recovery based on salt template method according to claim 13O4A method of photocatalyst, characterized by: magnetic separation of Fe/Fe in step (3)3O4Filtering the solid-liquid mixture remaining after the nanosheets to obtain nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder and an inorganic salt solution; and (3) recycling the obtained nonmagnetic heavy metal simple substance/oxide powder as heavy metal ore, and concentrating the obtained inorganic salt solution and recycling the concentrated inorganic salt solution for the step (1).
9. Two-dimensional Fe/Fe3O4A photocatalyst, characterized in that: prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A two-dimensional Fe/Fe of claim 93O4The application of the photocatalyst in photocatalytic water oxidation, photocatalytic degradation or Fenton reaction.
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