CN112006985A - Powder injection diluent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
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- A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of veterinary medicine preparations, and particularly relates to a powder injection diluent and a preparation method thereof. The powder injection diluent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-20% of white oil for injection, 405-10% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil RH, 0-30% of tween-8010, 201-10% of span-201, 1-5% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-15% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water. The preparation process of the powder injection diluent is simple, the stability is good, the oil-in-water (O/W) method is adopted to prepare the nanometer diluent, the nanometer diluent can be used for changing the dosage form of the powder injection, the powder injection is conveniently used for intramuscular injection of poultry, the quick-acting and long-acting effects are achieved, and the bioavailability of the powder injection preparation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of veterinary medicine preparations, and particularly relates to a powder injection diluent as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is also called as chronic respiratory disease, which is common in four seasons, frequently occurs in cold seasons in winter, has high morbidity (induced by bad ventilation, emergency factors and the like), and has an infection rate of more than 50 percent and as high as 70 to 90 percent in China. Susceptible chickens and turkeys are all infected at various ages of days, and are frequently infected at 4-8 weeks, and most adult chickens are recessive infected. The clinical features are mainly as follows: breath pitch, cough, runny nose; the autopsy is characterized in that: the balloon is turbid, the tracheal wall is thickened, and viscous or cheese-like exudates are contained in the lumen; the bacteria carrying rate of the hatching eggs in the acute stage can reach 70-80%, the bacteria carrying rate of the hatching eggs in the recessive infection stage is 0.5-5%, and rotten eggs, waste eggs with incomplete shells, mycoplasma-bearing chicken seedlings and the like are easily caused.
Lincomycin is an antibiotic extracted from streptomyces fermentation broth, belongs to lincomamine antibiotics, is a high-fat-solubility alkaline compound, has good absorption effect in gastrointestinal tracts, can be well distributed in livestock and poultry bodies, has strong penetrating power on nucleus tissues, is mainly used for treating diseases of infected animals such as pigs, cows, sheep, chickens and the like clinically, and particularly has obvious effect on gram-positive bacteria including streptococcus hemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus and part of anaerobic bacteria. Spectinomycin is an alkaline water-soluble antibiotic extracted from streptomyces spectabilis, but because it is not well absorbed in gastrointestinal tract, but is quickly absorbed by intramuscular injection, it is clinically made into sterile suspension injection, and spectinomycin hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and has obvious effect on gram-negative bacteria, and has no obvious effect on gram-positive bacteria, but has obvious effect on mycoplasma, and can also be used for treating neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.
The compound spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride injection compound powder injection combines two medicines, is effective to gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasma, reduces the administration dosage, has quick response to mixed infection of clinically affected animals, effectively reduces the death rate of infected animals and has lower toxic and side effects. However, the powder injection cannot be directly injected, and the water solubility of the powder injection cannot meet the injection requirement. Therefore, the powder diluent is urgently needed in the field, so that the products of spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection and the like have low viscosity, good needle permeability and strong powder injection dissolving capacity, the sustained-release effect can be obviously improved, and the additional value of the products is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a veterinary powder diluent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the powder injection diluent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-20% of white oil for injection, 5-10% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (RH40), 0-30% of tween-801, 201-10% of span-201, 1-5% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-15% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water.
The powder injection diluent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15% of white oil for injection, 6-8% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (RH40), 5-25% of tween-8015, 204-8% of span-204, 1-5% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-10% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water.
The powder injection diluent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10% of white oil for injection, 8% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (RH40), 8% of tween-8020%, span-206%, 2% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 8% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water.
The preparation method of the powder injection diluent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol according to the weight ratio, dissolving in purified water, heating in a water bath, and stirring until the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol are completely dissolved;
(2) weighing other samples according to the weight ratio, heating in a water bath to melt, adding the solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring while adding until the mixture is uniformly mixed;
(3) adding all the solution obtained in the step (2) into a high-pressure homogenizer, setting the pressure of the high-pressure homogenizer to be 600Pa, and standing the obtained solution to room temperature;
(4) and (4) filtering the solution obtained in the step (3) through a filter membrane, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the product.
Preferably, the heating temperature of the water bath in the step (1) is 40-70 ℃, and preferably 55-60 ℃.
Preferably, the heating temperature of the water bath in the step (2) is 40-70 ℃, and preferably 55-60 ℃.
Preferably, the filter pore size in step (4) is 0.45um or less, preferably 0.22 um.
The powder injection diluent is mainly used for dissolving spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection, changing the medicament dosage form, and being used for intramuscular injection of poultry, and can enable the injection medicament to generate quick-acting and long-acting effects.
The spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection comprises the effective components of spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride.
The using method of the powder injection diluent comprises the following steps: each 10g of spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection is diluted by 10ml of diluent solution.
The powder injection diluent can also be used as an oil vaccine diluent of kanamycin sulfate for injection; the kanamycin sulfate is kanamycin sulfate for animals.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the appearance of the powder injection diluent is milk white uniform solution, and the oil-in-water nano-emulsion diluent has good fluidity and stability.
(2) The powder diluent has small particle size, good dispersibility and low viscosity, can reduce the pain during injection, is easier to absorb in poultry bodies, and does not cause side effect on poultry bodies.
(3) The powder injection diluent improves the solubility of the medicament, and can change the dosage form of the powder injection, so that the powder injection diluent is suitable for the conventional injection modes such as subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection and the like.
Detailed Description
The foregoing will be described in further detail by way of specific embodiments in the form of examples. This should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter to the following examples. All techniques implemented based on the teachings of the present invention are within the scope.
Example 1A powder diluent formulation
Example 2A powder diluent formulation
Example 3A powder diluent formulation
Example 4A powder diluent formulation
Example 5A powder diluent formulation
The preparation method of the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder diluent in the embodiments 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol according to the weight ratio, dissolving the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol in purified water, and heating and stirring the mixture until the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol are completely dissolved;
(2) weighing other samples according to the weight ratio, heating in a water bath to melt, adding the solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring while adding until the mixture is uniformly mixed;
(3) adding all the solution obtained in the step (2) into a high-pressure homogenizer, setting the pressure of the high-pressure homogenizer to be 600Pa, and standing the obtained solution to room temperature;
(4) and (4) filtering the solution obtained in the step (3) through a filter membrane, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the product.
Example 6 stability of powder diluent and its solubility to spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder
The evaluation of the stability of an emulsion is an important part of the quality evaluation and also one of the factors determining the shelf life. The physical stability of the emulsion mainly shows the phenomena of layering, oil separation, emulsion breaking and the like. The diluent is mixed with a spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection sample and then centrifuged, and the amount of a centrifugal precipitate, namely the solubility of the diluent in the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection, is observed.
To determine the stability of the diluents according to the invention, high temperature accelerated stability tests were carried out on the products of example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5 and comparative example (prepared according to example 1, formulation 2 in patent CN 104398478A) according to the requirements of the pharmacopoeia of the human co-owned and national animal pharmacopoeia. In order to determine the solubility of the diluent of the invention in spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection, 10ml of the solutions obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4 and example 5 and the comparative example are mixed with 10g of spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection for 10min, 30min and 1h respectively, then the mixture is centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10min, the centrifuge tube is slowly taken out from the centrifuge, shaking is avoided, the supernatant is slowly poured into a water tank, and the residual precipitation condition in the centrifuge tube is observed.
And (3) measuring results: the products of examples 1-5 of the invention, after stability testing as required, were observed as follows:
TABLE 1 appearance of the products of the examples after accelerated stability
| Product(s) | At normal temperature | 60 ℃ for 10 days | 40 ℃ for 6 months |
| Example 1 | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution |
| Example 2 | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution |
| Example 3 | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution |
| Example 4 | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution |
| Example 5 | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution | Milky homogeneous solution |
TABLE 2 determination of dissolution time and undissolved amount of spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection by products of examples
| Product(s) | 10min(g) | 30min(g) | 1h(g) |
| Example 1 | 5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| Example 2 | 5.5 | 3 | 2 |
| Example 3 | 4.5 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Example 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Example 5 | 3 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Comparative example | 7 | 5 | 4 |
The test results show that the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder diluent prepared by the invention is observed to have long-term standing stability by using a high-temperature stability method, and the results show that the diluent system is stable and the condition of floating oil or water-oil separation does not occur; the solubility of the diluent to the spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection determines the utilization rate of the medicament, so that the smaller the precipitation amount is, the higher the utilization rate of the diluent to the spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection is. From the above results, the product of the present invention can satisfy the requirements, and the product of example 5 has the best effect.
Example 7 powder diluent to promote solubility of kanamycin sulfate for injection in oil seedlings
The diluent is firstly mixed with kanamycin sulfate samples for injection and then mixed with oil seedlings, centrifugation is carried out, and the centrifugal sediment is observed, namely the diluent promotes the solubility of kanamycin sulfate for injection in the oil seedlings.
In order to determine that the diluent of the invention promotes the solubility of kanamycin sulfate for injection in oil seedlings, 10ml of the solutions of example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5 and comparative example (prepared according to formula 2 of example 1 in patent CN 104398478A) are mixed with 10ml of kanamycin sulfate for injection for 10min, 30min and 1h, then the mixture is mixed with oil seedlings respectively, the mixture is centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10min, a centrifuge tube is taken out from the centrifuge slowly, shaking is avoided, the supernatant is poured into a water pool slowly, and the condition of residual precipitates in the centrifuge tube is observed.
TABLE 3 determination of the dissolution time and the undissolved amount of kanamycin sulfate for injection by the product of the examples
| Product(s) | 10min(g) | 30min(g) | 1h(g) |
| Example 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Example 2 | 5 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
| Example 3 | 4 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Example 4 | 3 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| Example 5 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Comparative example | 7.5 | 4 | 2.5 |
From the above test results, it can be seen that the solubility of kanamycin sulfate for injection in the oil seedlings by the diluent determines the utilization rate of the drug, and therefore, the smaller the amount of precipitation, the higher the utilization rate of the solubility of kanamycin sulfate for injection in the oil seedlings by the diluent is. From the above results, the product of the present invention can satisfy the requirements, and the product of example 5 has the best effect.
EXAMPLE 8 Effect of the Diluent of the present invention on the clinical application of spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder
1. Purpose of the experiment
Through clinical trial investigation and application of the diluent to the spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection, the synergistic effect and the treatment effect of the diluent to the spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection are preliminarily explored, clinical application references are provided for prevention and treatment of mycoplasma gallisepticum diseases, and technical bases are provided for marketing and popularization of products.
2. Test object
Clinical trial animals: the number of the hailan brown laying hens (21 days old) is 13000, 6 groups are provided, each group is a test group, and the test group is respectively a test group 1, a test group 2, a test group 3, a test group 4, a test group 5 and a control group.
Clinical time and place: 19-25 days 1 month in 2019, a pulan store district, Dalian city, Liaoning province. Before the test, 23% of chickens infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum mainly show respiratory rale, cough, rhinorrhea and conjunctivitis.
3. Test drug and method
Test group 1: the sample of the embodiment 3 is used to be mutually dissolved with the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection preparation according to the ratio of 1:1 for 30min, and then 100mg/kg of the injection is injected into muscle;
test group 2: the sample of the embodiment 4 is used to be mutually dissolved with the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection preparation according to the ratio of 1:1 for 30min, and then 100mg/kg of the injection is injected into muscle;
test group 3: the sample of the example 5 is used to be mutually dissolved with the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection preparation according to the ratio of 1:1 for 30min, and then 100mg/kg of the injection is injected into muscle;
test group 4: the biphase emulsified diluent prepared in patent CN101041077A example 2 and the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection are mutually dissolved for 30min according to the ratio of 1:1, and then 100mg/kg of the mixture is injected into muscles;
test group 5: the compound emulsion carrier of the veterinary drug prepared in patent CN104398478A example 1 and formula 2 and the spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection are mutually dissolved for 30min according to the ratio of 1:1, and then 100mg/kg of the carrier is injected into muscles;
control group: dissolving ultrapure water and spectinomycin hydrochloride and lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection in a ratio of 1:1 for 30min, and then performing intramuscular injection at a rate of 100 mg/kg;
4. test results
The mycoplasma in chicken is improved: after the injection of the drug on the first day, the improvement of mycoplasma status was observed every day, and after one week of continuous injection, the improvement of mycoplasma status was observed in the chickens.
Table 4 number of Mycoplasma infected chickens recorded
| Test group | Before administration (only) | Administration for 3 days | Administration for 5 days (only)) | Administration for 7 days |
| Test group 1 | 275 | 148 | 106 | 52 |
| Test group 2 | 268 | 147 | 109 | 51 |
| Test group 3 | 274 | 130 | 85 | 29 |
| Test group 4 | 263 | 159 | 113 | 67 |
| Test group 5 | 276 | 167 | 118 | 70 |
| Control group | 280 | 182 | 138 | 81 |
As a result: after 7 days of clinical use, the products of the test groups 1-3 (examples 3-5) exhibited a significant reduction in mycoplasma symptoms, and in particular the product of the test group 3 (example 5) exhibited the best results. The clinical effect of the test groups 4 and 5 is obviously lower than that of the product of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The powder injection diluent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5-20% of white oil for injection, 405-10% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil RH, 0-30% of tween-8010, 201-10% of span-201, 1-5% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-15% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water.
2. The powder for injection diluent of claim 1, wherein the powder for injection diluent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15% of white oil for injection, 406-8% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil RH, 5-25% of tween-8015, 204-8% of span-204, 1-5% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5-10% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water.
3. The powder injection diluent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the powder injection diluent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10% of white oil for injection, 408% of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil RH, 8020% of tween-206%, 2% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 8% of absolute ethyl alcohol and the balance of purified water.
4. A method of preparing the powder diluent of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol according to the weight ratio, dissolving in purified water, heating in a water bath, and stirring until the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the absolute ethyl alcohol are completely dissolved;
(2) weighing other samples according to the weight ratio, heating in a water bath to melt, adding the solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring while adding until the mixture is uniformly mixed;
(3) adding all the solution obtained in the step (2) into a high-pressure homogenizer, setting the pressure of the high-pressure homogenizer to be 600Pa, and standing the obtained solution to room temperature;
(4) and (4) filtering the solution obtained in the step (3) through a filter membrane, and sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the product.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the water bath heating temperature in the steps (1) and (2) is 40-70 ℃.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the water bath heating temperature in the steps (1) and (2) is 55-60 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pore size of the filter membrane in the step (4) is not more than 0.45 um.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the pore size of the filter membrane in the step (4) is 0.22 um.
9. Use of the powder injection diluent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in dissolving spectinomycin hydrochloride lincomycin hydrochloride powder injection and preparing the powder injection into poultry intramuscular injection.
10. The use of the powder diluent of any one of claims 1 to 8 for the preparation of an injectable kanamycin sulfate vaccine diluent.
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