CN112006091B - Storage method of edible glutinous Chinese yam - Google Patents

Storage method of edible glutinous Chinese yam Download PDF

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CN112006091B
CN112006091B CN202010681474.2A CN202010681474A CN112006091B CN 112006091 B CN112006091 B CN 112006091B CN 202010681474 A CN202010681474 A CN 202010681474A CN 112006091 B CN112006091 B CN 112006091B
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yam
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CN112006091A (en
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金微微
蒋巧俊
李燕
苏凤贤
许方程
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Wenzhou Polytechnic
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/10Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

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Abstract

The invention relates to a storage method of edible waxy Chinese yam, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting glutinous yam; (2) pre-cooling the collected waxy Chinese yams for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 12-20 ℃, and then removing plant diseases and insect pests and/or the waxy Chinese yams with mechanical injuries; (3) treating at 8-15 deg.C for 3-10 days; (4) storing at 4 ℃. Through low-temperature pretreatment, the occurrence of cold damage of the waxy Chinese yams at low temperature can be effectively reduced, the rotting rate is reduced, and the effective storage time can be greatly prolonged by matching with low-temperature storage at 4 ℃. Through gradient low-temperature treatment, the occurrence of cold damage of the waxy Chinese yam at low temperature can be effectively reduced, the rotting rate is reduced, and the effective storage time can be greatly prolonged by matching with low-temperature storage at 4 ℃.

Description

Storage method of edible glutinous Chinese yam
Technical Field
The invention relates to a storage method of edible waxy Chinese yam.
Background
The yam is derived from important economic crops of Dioscorea (Dioscorea) of Dioscoreaceae, and is an important dry food crop in the world. The underground tubers of the plants contain rich starch, protein, amino acid, dioscin and other trace elements beneficial to human bodies, have high nutritional health-care and medicinal values, are deeply welcomed by people, and are widely used as fresh food for vegetables and processed medicinal materials in China.
At present, most of Chinese yams are harvested in autumn and winter, the tuber harvesting is labor-consuming, and when the supply amount is large and the harvesting period is short, the balanced supply in light and busy seasons in the market is difficult to ensure. The proper method is adopted for storage, so that the utilization rate and the economic benefit are improved. At present, a common storage method adopts a low-temperature preservation technology, and researches show that the temperature is an important factor influencing the respiratory metabolism of the Chinese yam after the Chinese yam is picked, and theoretically, the lower the temperature is, the lower the activity of various metabolic enzymes is, the more beneficial the storage of the Chinese yam is, but the Chinese yam can be damaged by low temperature at the lower temperature.
The yam can be roughly divided into medicinal and edible yam, the medicinal yam is distributed north and is centered on the junction of Henan and Shanxi, for example, the yam is distributed south, and the edible yam is distributed south. The Chinese yam planted in the north has relatively good adaptability to low temperature, the common preservation temperature is 4-8 ℃, but the cold damage can occur when the temperature is lower than 2 ℃; the yam planted in south can be obviously affected by cold damage at 4 ℃, so that the common preservation temperature is 8-12 ℃, and the effective preservation time is short.
Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and the like are important production areas of the ginseng potatoes in China, and particularly the cultivation and application history in the Zhejiang south area is long. Local common people for a long time prefer to adopt ginseng and sweet potato tubers for food and medicine, and the ginseng and sweet potato tubers are commonly called 'sticky rice and Chinese yam', so the ginseng and sweet potato tubers are famous for being strong in glutinousness, sticky but not greasy in eating mouth feel like sticky rice, and soft, sticky, fragrant and sweet. The glutinous yam has the characteristics of high nutritive value and good taste, is more popular in the market, has higher market price, is a yam variety which is sought after in the south Zhejiang area in recent years, and is industrially produced in individual areas, such as literate glutinous yam. How to improve the technology of yam storage and preservation is very important for the development of the waxy yam planting field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a storage method of edible waxy Chinese yam.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a storage method of edible waxy Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting glutinous yam;
(2) pre-cooling the collected waxy Chinese yams for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 12-20 ℃, and then removing plant diseases and insect pests and/or the waxy Chinese yams with mechanical injuries;
(3) treating at 8-15 deg.C for 3-10 days;
(4) storing at 4 ℃.
Preferably, in step (3), the specific settings of the low-temperature treatment are as follows: treating at 12-15 deg.C for 2-4 days; treating at 8-10 deg.C for 2-4 days; treating at 5-7 deg.C for 4-6 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: through gradient low-temperature treatment, the occurrence of cold damage of the waxy Chinese yam at low temperature can be effectively reduced, the rotting rate is reduced, and the effective storage time can be greatly prolonged by matching with low-temperature storage at 4 ℃.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 shows the total starch content of groups 1-10 at different storage times;
FIG. 2 shows (amylopectin) AM/total starch for groups 1-10 at different storage times.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A storage method of edible waxy Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
(1) the used glutinous yam is a yam base collected from high buildings and towns in Ruian city of Wenzhou, and the collection time is 11 months, 5 days and 6 days in 2018.
(2) The Chinese yam is placed on an open-air and ventilated flat ground overnight at the temperature of about 12-20 ℃ on the day of harvesting, so that field heat can be removed, Chinese yams with uniform sizes are selected, and Chinese yams with plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical injuries are removed.
(3) The Chinese yams are divided into 10 groups,
group 1: directly storing at 0 deg.C (T0);
group 2: storing at 4 deg.C directly (T4);
group 3: storing at 8 deg.C directly (T10);
group 4: storing at 12 deg.C (T10);
group 5: placing at 15 deg.C for 3 days, and storing at 4 deg.C;
group 6, after being placed at 15 ℃ for exercise for 7 days, was placed at 4 ℃ for low-temperature storage;
group 7, after exercising at 8 ℃ for 3 days, stored at 4 ℃ at low temperature;
group 8, exercise at 8 ℃ for 7 days, storage at 4 ℃ and low temperature;
group 9, exercise at 12 ℃ for 2 days, at 8 ℃ for 3 days, at 5 ℃ for 3 days, and storage at 4 ℃ for low temperature;
group 10, which was incubated at 15 ℃ for 2 days, at 10 ℃ for 3 days, at 7 ℃ for 5 days, and at 4 ℃ for cryopreservation.
The physiological indexes of the Chinese yam are measured regularly, and the measurement items and the method are as follows (wherein the time comprises the time of low-temperature exercise):
1. weight loss rate:
the water content of the Chinese yam is high, the harvested Chinese yam can cause the epidermis to shrink due to transpiration water loss, the commodity value is influenced, and excessive transpiration water loss can cause metabolic disorder and accelerate breathing.
The weight loss ratio (%) is (initial fruit weight-storage result weight)/initial fruit weight x 100% as measured by a weighing method.
The results are shown in table 1, the weight loss rate always shows an increasing trend along with the change of time, and the weight loss rate increasing speed of the yam stored at 4 ℃ is obviously greater than the weight loss rate increasing speed of the yam stored at 8 ℃ and 12 ℃, which indicates that the yam is damaged by cold at low temperature, so that the yam cannot be well stored; the yam is stored at 4 ℃ after being tempered at low temperature, and compared with the effect of directly storing the yam at 4 ℃, the effect is obviously improved; the effect of storage at 4 ℃ after single-temperature exercise was inferior to that at 8 ℃ and 12 ℃, but the effect of storage at 4 ℃ after gradient cooling exercise was superior to that at 4 ℃ and 8 ℃.
TABLE 1 weight loss ratio of groups 1-10 at different storage times
Figure BDA0002585993450000041
2. Hardness of yam: before storing the Chinese yam and before 150 days, 210 days and 270 days of storing the Chinese yam, transferring the Chinese yam to a shelf (room temperature) and standing for 3 days, sampling and measuring indexes, and testing the hardness of the Chinese yam by using a physical property analyzer by adopting a TPA test method.
TABLE 2 hardness (. times.10) at different storage times for groups 1-10 5 MPa)
Figure BDA0002585993450000042
Figure BDA0002585993450000051
3. Evaluation of the waxy character: before storing the yam and 150d, 210d and 270d of yam storage, transferring the yam to a shelf (room temperature) and standing for 3 days, and sampling and measuring indexes.
According to a method of GB T5009.9-2008 for determining starch in food, the content of total starch is determined by an acid hydrolysis method, wherein the unit g/100 g.Fw; determining the content of amylose in unit g/100g.Fw by an iodine colorimetric method; the amylopectin content (AM) is equal to the total starch content minus the amylose content, and the proportion of the amylopectin content to the total starch content is adopted for the waxy property evaluation, namely AM/total starch.
As shown in FIG. 1, the total starch content of the yam treated in different ways generally decreases in the whole storage process, and the decrease of the total starch content is gentle because the respiration of the yam is performed by the loss of starch and the later respiration intensity decreases. The loss of total starch stored at 0 ℃ is significantly greater than that stored at 4 ℃ and 8 ℃; the yam is stored at 0 ℃ after being tempered at low temperature, and compared with the yam stored at 0 ℃ directly, the effect is obviously improved; the effect of storage at 0 ℃ after single-temperature exercise was inferior to that at 4 ℃ and 8 ℃, but the effect of storage at 0 ℃ after gradient cooling exercise was superior to that at 4 ℃ and 8 ℃.
As shown in figure 2, the AM/total starch subjected to different treatments has a generally downward change trend in the whole storage process, the total starch content of the Chinese yam is reduced in the storage process, the amylopectin is converted into the amylose, the mouthfeel of the Chinese yam is changed, the quality of the Chinese yam is influenced, and the influence of the storage at 0 ℃ after gradient cooling exercise is minimal.
4. The rotting rate is as follows: the Chinese yam with rotten epidermis accounts for the percentage of the checked amount.
TABLE 3 decay Rate for groups 1-10 at different storage times
Figure BDA0002585993450000052
Figure BDA0002585993450000061
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. The storage method of the edible waxy Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting glutinous yam;
(2) pre-cooling the collected waxy Chinese yams for 8-24 hours at the temperature of 12-20 ℃, and removing plant diseases and insect pests and/or the waxy Chinese yams with mechanical injuries;
(3) treating at 8-15 deg.C for 3-10 days;
(4) storing at 4 ℃;
in the step (3), the specific setting of the low-temperature treatment is as follows: treating at 12-15 deg.C for 2-4 days; treating at 8-10 deg.C for 2-4 days; treating at 5-7 deg.C for 4-6 days.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1644064A (en) * 2005-01-14 2005-07-27 浙江大学 Method for storing loquat fruit in low-temperature
CN101427704A (en) * 2008-12-02 2009-05-13 浙江大学 Honey peach storing method
CN109601608A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-04-12 海南大学 A kind of wampee fruit cryopreservation method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1644064A (en) * 2005-01-14 2005-07-27 浙江大学 Method for storing loquat fruit in low-temperature
CN101427704A (en) * 2008-12-02 2009-05-13 浙江大学 Honey peach storing method
CN109601608A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-04-12 海南大学 A kind of wampee fruit cryopreservation method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
低温对薯蓣褐变相关生理生化的影响;陈艳乐等;《甘肃科学学报》;20050630;第17卷(第2期);第57-60页 *

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