CN112004710A - System and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current - Google Patents

System and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112004710A
CN112004710A CN201980026501.8A CN201980026501A CN112004710A CN 112004710 A CN112004710 A CN 112004710A CN 201980026501 A CN201980026501 A CN 201980026501A CN 112004710 A CN112004710 A CN 112004710A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
main
direct current
converter
energy storage
charging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201980026501.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
莫罗·德劳里
路易吉·戈齐
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfazero SpA
Original Assignee
Alfazero SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfazero SpA filed Critical Alfazero SpA
Publication of CN112004710A publication Critical patent/CN112004710A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/55—Capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

Abstract

A system (100) for charging an electric vehicle (V) with direct current is described, the system comprising: a primary charging apparatus (200), the primary charging apparatus (200) comprising a primary energy storage device (3); a main DC/AC converter (2); -a single DC/DC converter (6), -at least one main control unit (14) connected to at least the main energy storage (3), -the charging system (100) further comprising an auxiliary device (110) connected to the main DC/AC converter (2) of the main charging device (200), -the auxiliary device (110) comprising a secondary energy storage (30), -a connection to a public power grid (R), -a secondary DC/AC converter (20), and-a secondary control unit (40) connected to the main control unit (14) and the secondary energy storage (30).

Description

System and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for charging an electric vehicle with direct current.
In particular, the invention may be used in a home/residential environment or in a private and public industrial environment.
Background
It has been known for some time to store electrochemical energy in emergency applications, for example in uninterruptible power supply Units (UPS).
Recently, the popularity of plants for producing energy from renewable energy sources (such as photovoltaic generator sets and wind turbines) has laid the foundation for the development of "intelligent" distribution networks (commonly referred to as "smart grids") that, in addition to centralized power generation, simultaneously run distributed power generation due to a plurality of peripheral nodes (even small in size) and the energy flow from these peripheral nodes being bidirectional (from the center towards the nodes and from the nodes towards the center).
Since renewable energy sources cannot be planned due to their characteristic nature, distributed power generation requires a more complex control system that can dynamically (that is, in real time) control the energy surplus of certain nodes, store energy in suitable devices and/or redistribute energy to insufficient other nodes, and which can simultaneously regulate centralized power generation.
Later, the saturation of the energy market and the consequent curtailment of incentives to use renewable energy sources increasingly lead to self-consumption, so that each peripheral node is self-sustaining, storing excess energy in order to reuse them during periods of low or zero production.
This approach allows for an increase in the independence of the nodes from the central grid and the adoption of so-called "peak-regulation solutions", that is to say peak-regulation solutions that avoid the use of the grid during periods of maximum demand.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a known control system 1 for the storage of energy, typically but not necessarily electrochemical energy, schematically illustrating the division between a direct current/voltage DC domain and an alternating current/voltage AC domain.
The basic element of the system 1 is a bidirectional inverter 2, that is to say a static DC/AC converter from the direct-current DC domain to the alternating-current AC domain and vice versa.
Ac power from the utility grid R and/or from local devices G for generating electricity (e.g. renewable energy sources and/or motor generators) powers one or more ac power user devices U and, in the event of a surplus, is sent to a bidirectional inverter 2 to be converted into dc power and stored in an accumulator 3 (e.g. a battery).
The system 1 also comprises an on/off switching device 7 interposed between the bidirectional inverter 2 and the public power grid R.
During periods of poor power availability from grid G, the flow reverses: the direct current is supplied by a battery 3, the battery 3 feeds a bidirectional inverter 2, the bidirectional inverter 2 then feeds the various user outlets (outlets) U with alternating current.
The public charging equipment of the electric vehicle is connected to the alternating current AC domain (that is, the public charging equipment of the electric vehicle serves as the alternating current user U).
For example, the patent document US 2012/206104 proposes a charging system for vehicles using alternating current through the connector 23, which draws energy directly from the distribution unit AC. On the other hand, the DC/DC converter 213 is not used to power the vehicle, but is only used to extract energy from the vehicle.
It should be noted that one of the main obstacles to the popularity of electric vehicles, besides cost, is related to the waiting time for charging being too long: a few hours, as opposed to just a few minutes for a typical internal combustion engine vehicle.
This is also due to the fact that alternating current battery chargers have limited output, since the power available in a residential environment is limited.
According to the prior art, there are also electric vehicles with a charging system that uses direct current.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a charging system 10 for an electric vehicle V with direct current according to the prior art.
The division between the direct current/voltage DC domain and the alternating current/voltage AC domain is also schematically shown.
In addition to the elements present in the system 1 of fig. 1, the charging system 10 of fig. 2 also comprises a static AC/DC converter 4 which receives alternating current from the public power grid R and/or from a local device G for generating electricity (for example a renewable energy source and/or a motor generator) or from the electrochemical accumulator 3 using the bidirectional inverter 2 and converts it into alternating current to be stored directly in the battery installed on the vehicle V.
On the electric vehicle V there is a connector which makes it possible to directly connect the relevant battery to perform charging with direct current.
Thus, in this case, the restriction of the flow of power towards the electric vehicle V is defined by the lower power between the battery 3, the static converter AC/DC 4, the bidirectional inverter 2 and the power available from the grid R or from the local generation G.
In this way, the time for charging the electric vehicle is reduced from a few hours to 15-20 minutes, thereby becoming comparable to the time for replenishing the vehicle with energy from the internal combustion engine.
The main drawbacks of this solution are related to the need for high power from the local and/or public grid and to the requirement to increase the size of the bidirectional inverter (which is the main cost item for the system together with the battery) to meet the high power demand for medium and long periods (e.g. more than 5 minutes), thus making the system unusable in the home/residential environment.
For example, document WO 2011/078397 proposes a feed system for an electric vehicle comprising a plurality of DC/DC converters, wherein the focus is on the DC/DC converter indicated with the numeral 15. The converter is unidirectional, with the only purpose being to convert the voltage supplied by the battery 52 to a predetermined output voltage value.
The only AC/DC converter 16 is unidirectional; in effect, it is configured to convert inlet AC (from power supply 100) to outlet DC.
The vehicle charging system includes a dual conversion stage with a relative efficiency loss at each step. For example, to charge the battery 52 from the grid 100, the AC/DC converter 16 and the DC/DC converter 15 are utilized. For charging of the vehicle, a DC/DC converter 21 (which is unidirectional) is utilized. In fact, the bidirectional design in WO 2011/078397 is obtained by using two DC/DC converters: the DC/DC converter of reference numeral 21 which takes energy from the line L2 and directs it to the vehicle and the DC/DC converter of reference numeral 22 which takes energy from the vehicle and directs it to the line L1.
Disclosure of the invention
Against this background, the technical purpose forming the basis of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for charging electric vehicles with direct current, which overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and a method for charging electric vehicles with direct current, which allow rapid charging also in the case of limited power availability.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current that simplifies the control of charging from the user side, reduces waiting times and increases the availability of charging sites, for example in a home/residential environment or in public/private parking areas.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for charging electric vehicles with direct current, which are as independent as possible from the electric grid, avoiding an increase in the price of energy.
The indicated technical purpose and the specified objects are substantially achieved by a system for charging electric vehicles with direct current, comprising:
-an energy storage device, such as one or more electrochemical cells or one or more capacitive accumulators or one or more kinetic accumulators (kinetic accumulators);
-a bidirectional DC/AC converter having a direct current part connected to the energy storage device and an alternating current part connectable to a local power source or to a public power grid;
-a DC/AC converter having a direct current part connected to the energy storage device and a second direct current part connectable to the electric vehicle for powering the electric vehicle.
Preferably, the DC/DC converter is of the bidirectional type. The first direct current part of the DC/DC converter is also connected to the direct current part of the DC/AC converter.
Preferably, the charging system comprises an on/off switching device connected to the alternating current part of the DC/AC converter and connectable to the public power grid.
Brief Description of Drawings
Further features and advantages of the invention are more apparent in the non-limiting description of preferred but not exclusive embodiments of a system and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
figures 1 and 2 show a block diagram of an energy storage system and a system for charging electric vehicles, respectively, according to the prior art;
fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a system for charging an electric vehicle with direct current according to the invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention
With reference to fig. 3, the numeral 100 indicates a system for charging an electric vehicle V with direct current, in particular for use in a domestic/residential environment or in a public and private industrial environment.
The charging system 100 includes a primary charging device 200 and an auxiliary device 110 electrically connected to each other.
The main charging device 200 includes a main bidirectional DC/AC converter 2 (or bidirectional inverter) having a direct current part 2a and an alternating current part 2 b.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the division between the direct current/voltage DC domain and the alternating current/voltage AC domain.
The main DC/AC converter 2 is configured to:
-converting the direct current signal obtained from the direct current portion 2a into an alternating current signal provided by the alternating current portion 2 b;
converting the alternating current electric signal obtained from the alternating current electric part 2b into a direct current electric signal provided by the direct current electric part 2 a.
In this context, the term "electrical signal" is used to refer to a signal representing an electrical quantity (e.g., a current or a voltage).
The primary charging apparatus 200 includes a primary energy storage device 3.
Preferably, the energy storage means 3 comprise one or more electrochemical cells connected, for example, in parallel.
The battery 3 is, for example, a lead-acid or lithium-ion or nickel metal hydride battery.
Optionally, the primary energy storage means 3 comprises one or more capacitive accumulators or one or more kinetic accumulators.
The direct current part 2a of the main DC/AC converter 2 is connected to the main energy storage 3.
The alternating current part 2b may be connected to a local power source G such as, for example, a renewable power source (photovoltaic generator set, wind turbine, etc.) or a motor generator.
The primary charging apparatus 200 comprises a primary control unit 14 connected at least to the primary energy storage 3 to control the charging state.
The main control unit 14 is advantageously connected to all the components of the main charging device 200.
The charging system 100 further comprises an auxiliary device 110 connected to the direct current part 2a of the main DC/AC converter 2.
Advantageously, the auxiliary device 110 is located in a different residential or industrial room from that in which the main charging device 200 is located, and it is connected to the same components by means of common electric wires.
The auxiliary equipment 110 comprises the secondary energy storage means 30 and a connection to the public power grid R.
The secondary storage means 30 may comprise one or more batteries 31, 32, 33, preferably having the same characteristics as the characteristics of the primary storage means 3.
The auxiliary device 110 further comprises a secondary DC/AC converter 20 having a direct current part 20a connected to the secondary energy storage means 30 and an alternating current part 20b connectable to the utility grid R.
The auxiliary device 110 further comprises a secondary control unit 40 connected to the primary control unit 14 of the primary charging device 200 and the secondary energy storage 30.
The main charging device 200 also comprises an on/off switching device 7 (of known type) connected to the alternating current portion 2b of the main DC/AC converter 2 and to the public power grid R.
The main charging apparatus 200 further comprises a DC/DC converter 6 having a first direct current part 6a and a second direct current part 6b, the purpose of which is to convert the DC voltage of the energy storage 3 into a DC voltage suitable for the battery of the vehicle V.
The second direct current portion 6b is preferably of the type with variable voltage, so as to be adapted to the voltage of the battery of the vehicle V.
The first direct current portion 6a is connected with the energy storage means 3, while the second direct current portion 6b can be connected to the electric vehicle V for powering the electric vehicle V.
Preferably, the DC/DC converter 6 is also of the bidirectional type.
Also as with the main energy storage 3, the first direct current part 6a of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 6 is also connected with the direct current part 2a of the DC/AC converter 2 and the auxiliary device 110.
Furthermore, advantageously, the main control unit 14 of the main device 200 is configured to monitor the charge state of the main energy storage 3 and to send a signal to the secondary control unit 40 of the auxiliary device 110.
Preferably, the secondary control unit 40 is further configured to electrically connect at least the first storage means 31 of the secondary energy storage means with the direct current part 2a of the main DC/AC converter 2 of the main charging device 200.
Furthermore, advantageously, when the secondary control unit 40 receives a signal from the main control unit 14 related to the depletion of the charge of the main energy storage means 3, the secondary control unit 40 performs an electrical connection between at least the first means 31 of storing secondary energy and the direct current portion 2a of the main DC/AC converter 2.
The secondary control unit 40 also monitors the state of charge of the first device 31 of the secondary energy storage device 30 (and advantageously also of the subsequent devices 32, 33) and is configured to disconnect from the direct current portion 2a of the main DC/AC converter 2 when the charge of the first secondary storage device 31 is depleted.
Furthermore, advantageously, after the charge of the first secondary storage means 31 is depleted, the secondary control unit 40 of the auxiliary device 110 is configured to perform an electrical connection between at least the second means 32 of storing secondary energy and the continuous current portion 2a of the main DC/AC converter 2 of the main charging device 200.
The method according to the invention for charging an electric vehicle with direct current is described in more detail below.
During periods of excess energy from the local power supply G or from the public power grid R, the main DC/AC converter 2 of the main charging device 200 converts the alternating current electric signal taken from its alternating current electric part 2b into a direct current electric signal stored in the main battery 3 (or, more generally, in the main storage).
During the same period of energy surplus from the public power grid R, the secondary DC/AC converter 20 of the auxiliary device 110 converts the alternating current electric signal taken from its alternating current portion 20b into a direct current electric signal stored in the battery 30 (or, more generally, in the secondary storage means).
The energy stored in the main battery 3 and the secondary battery 30 is used for charging the electric vehicle with a power flow from the first direct current part 6a to the second direct current part 6b by means of the DC/DC converter 6 when necessary.
According to the invention, the DC/DC converter 6 is the only component designed for high power flow towards the vehicle v.
In particular, when the control unit 14 of the main device 200 determines that the main battery 3 has been depleted, it is configured to communicate with the secondary control unit 40 and control the secondary control unit 40 so that the latter realizes an electrical connection between the secondary battery 30 and the vehicle V being charged.
Basically, by means of this connection, there are a plurality of batteries (3 and 30) connected in turn to the vehicle V.
Furthermore, during periods of low energy production, it is the main battery 3 or the secondary battery 30 that provides the direct current electrical signal to the direct current portion 2a of the DC/AC converter 2, the DC/AC converter 2 converting the direct current electrical signal into an alternating current electrical signal that becomes available to one or more user devices U by means of the alternating current portion 2 b.
If a bidirectional DC/DC converter 6 is used, energy can also be taken by the electric vehicle V (in particular by its battery) using the second direct current part 6b and energy can also be supplied to the local network G or the user socket U by the DC/AC converter 2 (with a power flow from its direct current part 2a to the alternating current part 2 b).
The on/off switching device 7 is able to transmit a signal representative of the presence/absence of the grid to other elements of the charging system 100 (e.g., to the DC/AC converter 2, to the energy storage 3, to the DC/DC converter 6, to the energy generator (if present), etc.).
This transfer can take place by means of known radio technologies (e.g. bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi) or by transmission of data over the power network (e.g. so-called "power line communication").
In response to the signal indicating the presence/absence of the grid, each element of the charging system 100 sets a predetermined parameter for the state.
It is therefore possible to continue to supply the user device U even in the event of a grid fault (power outage).
For example, in case of a grid fault, the activity of an alternating current user device U (e.g. oven, dishwasher, washing machine, etc.) with a particularly high energy consumption may be limited and/or postponed, or a limit may be set on the power draw (drawing) from the battery 3 by the DC/AC converter 2 or the DC/DC converter 6.
The above clearly describes the characteristics of the system and the method for charging electric vehicles with direct current according to the invention, and also the advantages.
In particular, the proposed charging system allows for a fast charging of electric vehicles with direct current also in case of limited power available from local power generation and from the public power grid.
The system is essentially independent of the grid and is operative even in the event of a power outage.
The proposed charging system can also be used in a home/residential environment, thus contributing to increased user confidence in the electric vehicle.

Claims (10)

1. A system (100) for charging an electric vehicle (V) with direct current, the system (100) comprising a main charging device (200), the main charging device (200) comprising:
a main energy storage device (3);
-a main bidirectional DC/AC converter (2) having a direct current portion (2a) connected to said main energy storage means (3) and an alternating current portion (2b) connectable to a local power source (G) or to a public power grid (R);
-a single bidirectional DC/DC converter (6), the single bidirectional DC/DC converter (6) having a first direct current part (6a) connected to the main energy storage (3) and to a continuous current part (2a) of the main DC/AC converter (2) and a second direct current part (6b) connectable to the electric vehicle (V) for powering the electric vehicle (V), -at least one main control unit (14) connected at least to the main energy storage (3), -the charging system (100) being characterized in that the charging system (100) further comprises an auxiliary device (110) connected to the direct current part (2a) of the main DC/AC converter (2) of the main charging device (200), the auxiliary device (110) comprising a secondary energy storage (30), -a secondary energy storage (30) and a secondary energy storage (b) connected to the secondary DC/AC converter (2b) of the main DC/AC converter (2), -a connection to a public power grid (R), -a secondary DC/AC converter (20) having a direct current part (20a) connected to the secondary energy storage device (30) and an alternating current part (20b) connectable to the public power grid (R), and-a secondary control unit (40) connected to the main control unit (14) and the secondary energy storage device (30).
2. The charging system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit (14) is configured to monitor the charging state of the main energy storage (3) and to send a related signal to the secondary control unit (40) of the auxiliary device (110).
3. The charging system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary control unit (40) is configured to electrically connect at least a first one (31) of the secondary energy storage devices (30) with a continuous current portion (2a) of the main DC/AC converter (2) of the main charging apparatus (200).
4. The charging system (100) according to claim 3, wherein the secondary control unit (40) performs an electrical connection between at least the first one (31) of the secondary energy storage devices (30) and the continuous current portion (2a) of the main DC/AC converter (2) when the secondary control unit (40) receives a signal from the main control unit (14) related to depletion of the charge of the main energy storage device (3).
5. The charging system (100) according to claim 4, wherein the secondary control unit (40) monitors the state of charge of the first one (31) of the secondary energy storage devices (30) and is configured to disconnect from the direct current part (2a) of the main DC/AC converter (2) when the charge of the first secondary storage device (31) is depleted.
6. The charging system (100) according to claim 5, wherein, after the charge of the first secondary storage (31) is depleted, the secondary control unit (40) of the auxiliary device (110) is configured to perform an electrical connection between at least a second device (32) of secondary energy storage and the continuous current portion (2a) of the main DC/AC converter (2) of the main charging apparatus (200).
7. The charging system (100) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main DC/AC converter (2) of the main charging device (200) is configured to:
-converting the electrical signal obtained from the continuous direct current portion (2a) into an alternating current signal provided by the alternating current portion (2 b);
-converting an alternating current signal obtained from the alternating current portion (2b) into a direct current signal provided by the direct current portion (2 a).
8. The charging system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main charging device (200) further comprises an on/off switching device (7), the on/off switching device (7) being connected to the alternating current portion (2b) of the DC/AC converter (2) and being connectable to the utility grid (R).
9. The charging system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second direct current portion (6b) of the DC/DC converter (6) is of the type with variable voltage so as to be adapted to the voltage (V) of the battery of the electric vehicle.
10. Method for charging an electric vehicle (V) with direct current by means of a charging system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising the steps of:
-converting an alternating current electrical signal into a direct current electrical signal by means of a main DC/AC converter (2) of the main charging device (200) and storing the direct current electrical signal in the main energy storage (3);
-converting an alternating current electrical signal into a direct current electrical signal by the secondary DC/AC converter (20) of the auxiliary device (110) and storing the direct current electrical signal in the secondary energy storage (30),
-converting the direct current electrical signal stored in the main energy storage (3) into a further direct current electrical signal by means of the DC/DC converter (6) and making the further direct current electrical signal available to the electric vehicle (100) by means of the second direct current part (6b) of the DC/DC converter (6),
-converting the direct current electrical signal stored in the secondary energy storage (30) into a further direct current electrical signal by the DC/DC converter (6) and making the further direct current electrical signal available to the electric vehicle (100) by the second direct current part (6b) of the DC/DC converter (6) when reaching a depletion of the charge of the primary energy storage (3) of the primary charging device (200).
CN201980026501.8A 2018-04-19 2019-04-18 System and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current Pending CN112004710A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102018000004702 2018-04-19
IT102018000004702A IT201800004702A1 (en) 2018-04-19 2018-04-19 SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CHARGING A DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC VEHICLE
PCT/IB2019/053214 WO2019202540A1 (en) 2018-04-19 2019-04-18 A system and method for recharging an vehicle electric with direct current

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112004710A true CN112004710A (en) 2020-11-27

Family

ID=62952244

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201980026501.8A Pending CN112004710A (en) 2018-04-19 2019-04-18 System and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112004710A (en)
IT (1) IT201800004702A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019202540A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117621891A (en) * 2024-01-25 2024-03-01 杭州闪充聚能新能源有限公司 Vehicle charging system and energy storage device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110276194A1 (en) * 2010-05-10 2011-11-10 Emalfarb Hal A System and method for energy management
CN102452325A (en) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-16 通用电气公司 Apparatus and method for charging an electric vehicle
CN103248064A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-08-14 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 Composite energy charging energy storage system and method thereof
US20170072804A1 (en) * 2014-02-20 2017-03-16 Coordenação Dos Programas De Pós Graduaçäo De Engenharia Da Universidade Federal Do Rio De Jane Smart energy management systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles with bidirectional connection, smart energy management system for an energy generator, method for managing energy in a smart energy management system and method for controlling the operation of an energy generator
CN106575868A (en) * 2014-03-06 2017-04-19 罗伯特·博世有限公司 DC power server for a DC microgrid
CN107696863A (en) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 EMS and its control method, the electric automobile of electric automobile

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN205657439U (en) * 2016-05-03 2016-10-19 北京北变微电网技术有限公司 Little mains supply architecture of V2G hybrid AC/DC

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110276194A1 (en) * 2010-05-10 2011-11-10 Emalfarb Hal A System and method for energy management
CN102452325A (en) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-16 通用电气公司 Apparatus and method for charging an electric vehicle
CN103248064A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-08-14 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 Composite energy charging energy storage system and method thereof
US20170072804A1 (en) * 2014-02-20 2017-03-16 Coordenação Dos Programas De Pós Graduaçäo De Engenharia Da Universidade Federal Do Rio De Jane Smart energy management systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles with bidirectional connection, smart energy management system for an energy generator, method for managing energy in a smart energy management system and method for controlling the operation of an energy generator
CN106575868A (en) * 2014-03-06 2017-04-19 罗伯特·博世有限公司 DC power server for a DC microgrid
CN107696863A (en) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 EMS and its control method, the electric automobile of electric automobile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT201800004702A1 (en) 2019-10-19
WO2019202540A1 (en) 2019-10-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102130464B (en) The method of electric power storing device, electrical power for operation storage device and power storage system
RU2692083C1 (en) Power supply control device for residential houses, commercial and industrial facilities using network, auxiliary and renewable sources of electric energy and their combinations and method of intelligent control of connection of electric power sources
KR101775957B1 (en) Power applying system for connecting photovoltaic power generating apparatus
US20080269953A1 (en) Peer-to-peer transaction-based power supply methods and systems
US20220158464A1 (en) Ev charger with adaptable charging protocol
CN113794216B (en) Parameter configuration method and terminal of optical storage and charging system
WO2013015256A1 (en) Power management system and management method
US20160329744A1 (en) Power control device and power control method
KR20110068640A (en) Energy storage system of an apartment house and integrated power management system and method for controlling thereof
JP2015192566A (en) Power system and dc power transmission method
WO2010144595A1 (en) Electric gas stations having range extension and grid balancing
CN111181185A (en) Direct-current micro-grid system applying fuel cell and control method
JP2016154435A (en) System interconnection power conditioner and distributed power supply network
CN104348235A (en) System for wireless charging of electric vehicle by photovoltaic-storage battery microgrid
US20230352959A1 (en) Energy conversion management system and method
CN112004710A (en) System and method for charging electric vehicles with direct current
US20120068534A1 (en) Power Supply System Including Alternative Sources-Control and Communication
Sakagami et al. Simulation to optimize a DC microgrid in Okinawa
CN112803445B (en) Wind storage system and control method thereof
CN211790787U (en) Direct-current micro-grid system applying fuel cell
JP2022099687A (en) Electric power system and server
CN112865106A (en) AC/DC hybrid micro-grid power scheduling method considering charge state
Amudhavalli et al. Quadratic boost converter with integrated energy storage using pi controller for low power photovoltaic applications
JP2022099683A (en) Electric power system and server
Ali et al. Heuristic Multi-Agent Control for Energy Management of Microgrids with Distributed Energy Sources

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination