CN112001085A - Method and system for optimizing small watershed water and soil conservation land utilization - Google Patents
Method and system for optimizing small watershed water and soil conservation land utilization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing the utilization of soil and water conservation land in a small watershed, which comprises the following steps of firstly establishing each sub-target function: and constructing a combined objective function based on the sub-objective functions, and finally solving the combined objective function by using a single turning method. The invention also provides a software system capable of realizing the method. The scheme of the invention optimizes the land utilization plan by using the multi-objective function, can reduce the sediment yield, the pollutant nutrient concentration and the total cost of land operation of the cross section of the outlet of the watershed to the maximum extent, simultaneously improves the water quality and the production yield in the small watershed to the maximum extent, and the optimization result can clearly show that the balance between the benefit and the cost of the small watershed is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of land resource data processing, and relates to a small watershed water and soil conservation land utilization optimization method and a system for realizing the same.
Background
In recent years, as part of the construction project of the national small watershed for maintaining ecological civilization and cleaning of water and soil, the reduction of the concentration of non-point-source pollutants and the yield of silt is realized, and the high pure region of the small watershed of the Peoqiao river is subjected to some land utilization optimization and implementation of BMPs. Since 2000 years, the construction of the ecological civilization clean small watershed in the high pure region actively develops new treatment ideas and new exploration and development modes, and the small watershed is taken as a platform, project resources are integrated, and the ecological clean small watershed treatment work is vigorously carried out. The method has the advantages that project construction such as rural environment comprehensive improvement, rural environment continuous improvement, modern agricultural park construction, beautiful country construction, farmland hydraulic engineering, small watershed improvement, ecological cleaning small watershed lifting engineering and the like is taken as a trigger, the water and soil conservation and water source protection work is pushed in an effort, and the ecological cleaning type small watershed improvement work with the key points of pollution improvement, water environment improvement and water quality optimization in the watershed is developed. The engineering takes a small watershed as a platform, actively integrates the construction of Taihu lake watershed treatment projects, scientifically selects and applies chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces the use amount of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides, adjusts agricultural planting structures, and vigorously promotes organic cultivation. According to the statistics of agricultural departments, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced by more than 20% in the small ecological clean watershed in the high pure region, and 10000 acres of organic cultivation is developed. From 2006, in the high pure and pure areas, water environments are comprehensively remedied through village environment continuous treatment, rural river channel and pond dredging, farmland hydraulic engineering and other project construction, and the quality of water in reservoir and pond dams is higher than that of class III water through detection of the water and literature office in Nanjing city.
The current strategy for land use changes and BMPs implementation in the agricultural sector is based on the investigation of the current state of small watershed and problem diagnosis, from which potential pollutants from the land can be determined. However, land use changes determined by plot size analysis and implementation of BMPs are cost-effective, do not compromise the trade-off of multiple goals of the small watershed eco-social system, and may result in excessive pollutant removal at the watershed level.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a small watershed water and soil conservation land utilization optimization method and system, which combines a computational model of a watershed process and a modern heuristic optimization technology to solve a complex water-land utilization mutual relation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a small watershed water and soil conservation land utilization optimization method comprises the following steps:
Step 1.1, establishing a sub-target function of silt output
Minimizing silt production at selected outlet point locations in the watershed using equation (1) as an objective function related to silt production:
wherein, i: the selected key exit position number, I ═ 1,2,3, …, I;
βi: the assignment of weights to the selected key exit locations,
Yi: the actual sand yield of point i;
Yi,max: point i is the maximum sand yield occurring in the basin process simulation;
step 1.2, establishing a sub-target function of the non-point source pollutant load
Minimizing the pollutant yield load at the outlet using equation (2) as an objective function related to the pollutant concentration:
wherein, i: the selected key exit position number, I ═ 1,2,3, …, I;
CN,i: an actual value of the concentration of the nitrogen contaminant at the selected outlet location;
CN,Max: maximum nitrogen concentration occurring in the basin process simulation;
CP,i: an actual value of the concentration of the phosphorous contaminant at the selected exit location;
CP,Max: phosphorus present in basin Process simulationThe maximum value of the concentration;
step 1.3, establishing a production income sub-objective function
The formula (3) is adopted as the sub-objective function of the production income:
wherein, f: number of land units in the basin, f ═ 1,2,3, …, Nf；
x, y: a land use option number, wherein X, y ═ 1,2,3, …, X;
Af: area of Cellf;
Bx: the production yield of land use type x;
Yx: actual crop yield for land use type x;
TCx,y: the cost of the conversion of land use from x to y;
Vf,x,y: a binary variable representing whether the soil utilization changes from type x to y in Cellf;
MCx: total operating cost for land use type x;
(EARf)max: the maximum possible net gain of Cellf, gross gain minus total cost;
step 1.4, establish a combined objective function
A combined objective function is constructed by equation (4):
Minimize Z＝ω1Z1+ω2Z2-ω3Z3 (4)
wherein: non-negative weight ωiReflects the relative importance of each target;
and 2, solving the multi-objective function of the land use optimization by adopting a single overturning method, and overturning and optimizing the land use structures one by one to find an optimal solution.
The invention also provides a small watershed land utilization optimization system, which comprises a land utilization variable definition module, a sub-objective function definition module, a combined objective function construction module and an optimization calculation module; the land use variable definition module is used for defining a land use type variable and a variation range thereof, and realizing accurate calling, turning, saving and closing of the land use type variable; the sub-objective function definition module is used for defining each sub-objective function in the multi-objective function for land use optimization, wherein the sub-objective function comprises a silt yield sub-objective function, a non-point source pollutant load sub-objective function, a production income sub-objective function, and a value range or a calculation method of each parameter related to each functional formula; the combined objective function construction module is used for combining all sub-objective functions to form a small watershed land utilization optimization combined objective function and defining the weight distribution of all sub-objectives; the optimization calculation module adopts a single overturning method to calculate a combined objective function, carries out overturning optimization on the land utilization structures one by one, finds an optimal solution and updates parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the scheme of the invention optimizes the land utilization plan by using the multi-objective function, can reduce the sediment yield, the pollutant nutrient concentration and the total cost of land operation of the cross section of the outlet of the watershed to the maximum extent, simultaneously improves the water quality and the production yield in the small watershed to the maximum extent, and the optimization result can clearly show that the balance between the benefit and the cost of the small watershed is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of selected key outlet locations within a basin.
FIG. 2 is a combined objective function solution flow of land use optimization.
Fig. 3 is an optimization process of each objective function value with a single flipping method search iteration.
Fig. 4 is a comparison of 12 cells (plots) in the small watershed of the Peqiao river before and after optimization by a single turnover method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a small watershed water and soil conservation land utilization optimization method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1.1, establishing a sub-target function of silt output
The silt production at a selected outlet point location in the basin (as shown in figure 1) is minimized using equation (1) as an objective function related to silt production:
wherein, i: the selected key exit position number, I ═ 1,2,3, …, I;
βi: the assignment of weights to the selected key exit locations,
Yi: the actual sand yield of point i;
Yi,max: point i is the maximum sand yield occurring in the basin process simulation;
Yiand Yi,maxThe value of (d) is the output of the ann gnps model in the selected site.
Step 1.2, establishing a sub-target function of the non-point source pollutant load
Minimizing the pollutant yield load at the outlet using equation (2) as an objective function related to the pollutant concentration:
wherein, i: the selected key exit position number, I ═ 1,2,3, …, I;
CN,i: actual value of concentration of nitrogen (N) contaminant at the selected outlet location;
CN,Max: nitrogen (N) concentration maxima that occur in the basin process simulation;
CP,i: an actual value of a concentration of phosphorus (P) contaminant at the selected exit location;
CP,Max: phosphorus (P) concentration maxima that occur in the watershed process simulation.
CN,i、CN,max、CP,i、CP,maxThe value of (d) is the output of the ann gnps model in the selected site.
Step 1.3, establishing a production income sub-objective function
In order to improve income level of farmers in a river basin range and realize crop production benefit in the river basin range, the aim is to maximize production return and simultaneously reduce implementation cost and total expenditure of a crop planting process to the maximum extent, and a production benefit sub-objective function uses an expression (3):
wherein, f: number of land units in the basin, f ═ 1,2,3, …, Nf；
x, y: a land use option number (X, y ═ 1,2,3, …, X);
Af: area of Cell f, ha, Cell refers to the plot;
Bx: the production revenue of land use type x, ten thousand yuan/ton;
Yx: actual crop yield ton/ha of land use type x;
TCx,y: cost of conversion of land use from x to y, ten thousand yuan/ha;
Vf,x,y: a binary variable representing whether land use changes from type x to y in Cell f;
MCx: total operating cost of land use type x, ten thousand yuan/ha;
(EARf)max: the maximum possible net gain of Cell f, gross gain minus the total cost, ten thousand yuan/ha.
Step 1.4, establish a combined objective function
A combined objective function is constructed by equation (4):
Minimize Z＝ω1Z1+ω2Z2-ω3Z3 (4)
wherein: non-negative weight ωiReflecting the relative importance of each target. This value may be determined by considering the concerns and preferences of various stakeholders.
Step 2-1, determining various parameters needed by the combined objective function, acquiring the parameters from the AnnACNPNS model and other statistical data, and inputting the parameters into the objective function; an initial solution is determined, which in this example is the current land use type.
Step 2-2, the basic information of the land parcel at least comprises: cell _ ID, initial scene ground class code, land use type. Turning each Cell several times one by one according to the sequence number, in particular when turning the land use type variable of the 1 st Cell, e.g. let V1,1,21 (allow 1 st Cell to change from land use type 1 to land use type LU _2), the objective function value is evaluated if Z (V)1,1,2＝1)<Z0(initial value), keep this change and update the tabu length list, and update the objective function value Z0＝Z(V1,1,21), then continue to flip to LU _3, let V1,2,31 (allow 1 st Cell to change from land use type 2 to land use type LU _3), and so on, it can also try to change 1 st Cell to land use types LU _4, LU _5, LU _6 until the most suitable Cell number 1 is screened out of the 6 land use types (LU _1-LU _6) of the paddy field. And cells with other serial numbers turn over the land change variable by analogy in turn, and if the Z value after turning over is smaller than that before turning over, otherwise, abandoning the change until turning over to the Cell with the last serial number. And finally obtaining the optimal solution, namely the optimal utilization type of each Cell.
In this example, 12 cells are selected for single-flipping optimization, and the initial scene land class code, land use type, Cell _ ID, and serial number are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic information of 12 selected plots
In the present case, due to the lack of conversion cost data for different crop land utilization methods, assume the land change cost TCx,yIs 0. In addition, through consulting the agricultural ecosystem expert and agricultural management department about the administrative journal of the high water region, the weighting factor omega of the overall objective function is considered1,ω2,ω3Are all set to 1, which means that three sub-targeting functions Z1、Z2、Z3The same treatment is carried out, and if different basin management targets are involved, the weight values of all sub-target functions can be adjusted according to the relative importance of the actual targets according to local conditions.
Selecting 12 cells in the table 1 as a designated plot of land utilization change, and adopting continuous Historical meteorological data of 2012-2018 as meteorological input data of an AnnACGNPS model, wherein the meteorological data of 2012-2013 in 2 years is used as Initialization year (Initialization years) data, and the meteorological data of 2014-2018 in 5 years is used as actual Historical simulation year (Historical years) data.
Based on a MinGW5.3.0 component platform in QT-Opensource-Windows-X86-5.11.1, a single overturning method is realized by using a C + + language, and simulation of 5 years of duration is performed on an Intel (R) core (TM) i5-6300U CPU @2.40GHz 2.50GHz Win 1064bit computer, the memory is 4GB, the calculation time is about 88.42min, 84 iterations are completed, and the average time for each iteration is 1.05 min. Wherein, each of the paddy field land and the dry land has 6 turning choices, namely LU _1-6 and LU _7-12, and the land utilization type variables are sequentially turned from the land 1 to the land 12 to obtain the optimal solution. As shown in fig. 3, the optimal solution occurs at iteration 71, and the overall objective function value (Z ═ 1.225) at the optimal solution is a large improvement, approximately 6.20% reduction, relative to the initial land use scenario.
As shown in Table 2, the objective function values for the initial scene and the optimal scene are Z respectivelyInitial＝1.305(Z1＝0.804，Z2＝0.818，Z30.316) and ZOptimization of＝1.225(Z1＝0.803，Z2＝0.815，Z30.393). Wherein, the function value Z of the sub-standard of silt1Sub-target function value Z of pollutant2And the production benefit sub-objective function value Z3Increased by 0.12%, 0.37% and 24.37%, respectively.
TABLE 2 comparison of sub-objective function values of optimal land use scenarios with initial scenarios
Table 3 shows the comparison of the two schemes before and after optimizing the utilization scene of the cultivation land in the small river valley of the Peiboqiao river, the land utilization of the cultivation land with 12 cells in total, which are numbered from 22 to 72 in terms of Cell _ ID, is converted from the original rice, wheat and rape which are mainly into the planting mode which is mainly dominated by soybean, sweet potato and corn, and the method may be related to the production yield of the cultivation land in unit area.
TABLE 3 optimal land use scenarios vs. initial scenarios
As shown in fig. 4, 12 cells selected by the single turning method are mainly located at the downstream of the small watershed, namely the southwest region, and are contained in the red circle range, the land utilization modes of the 12 cells are all changed, and the rest cells keep the original planting mode and are not changed.
From the optimization result of the minimum combination objective function, the land utilization planning is optimized by using the multi-objective function, so that the sediment yield, the pollutant nutrient concentration and the total cost of land operation of the outlet section of the watershed are reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the water quality and the production yield in the small watershed are improved to the maximum extent. The optimization results clearly indicate that the trade-off between benefit and cost for small watersheds will be improved.
The invention provides a small watershed water and soil conservation and utilization optimization system which comprises a land utilization variable definition module, a sub-objective function definition module, a combined objective function construction module and an optimization calculation module. The software is used for realizing the software and is an executable program. The small watershed land utilization optimization method can be realized based on the system.
The land use variable definition module is used for defining a land use type variable and a variation range thereof, and realizing accurate calling, turning, saving and closing of the land use type variable; in this example, the variables are stored in a CSV file, e.g., the land use variables are in AnnAGNPS's Input file "CSV _ Input _ Files \ washed \ AnnAGNPS _ Cell _ Data _ selection. CSV". The module also defines the row and column positions of the output result of the land utilization variable in the CSV file, for example, defines the output result of silt, nitrogen and phosphorus loads, and the corresponding positions in the AnnACNFS output file "CSV _ Input _ Files \ AnnACNFPS _ AA.csv" are respectively: j1110, F1242, F1506;
the sub-objective function definition module is used for defining each sub-objective function in the multi-objective function for land use optimization, and comprises a silt yield sub-objective function, a non-point source pollutant load sub-objective function, a production income sub-objective function, and a value range or a calculation method of each parameter related to each functional formula;
the combined objective function construction module is used for combining all the sub-objective functions to form a small watershed land utilization optimization combined objective function and defining the weight distribution of all the sub-objectives;
the optimization and calculation module calculates the combined objective function by adopting a single overturning method, and carries out overturning optimization on the land utilization structures one by one to find an optimal solution and update parameters.
The logic sequence definition module is operated: and (4) through the operation of the algorithm, carrying out overturn optimization on the land utilization structure to find an optimal solution.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for optimizing the utilization of soil and water conservation land in a small watershed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a small watershed water and soil conservation land optimization multi-objective function
Step 1.1, establishing a sub-target function of silt output
Minimizing silt production at selected outlet point locations in the watershed using equation (1) as an objective function related to silt production:
wherein, i: the selected key exit position number, I ═ 1,2,3, …, I;
βi: the assignment of weights to the selected key exit locations,
Yi: the actual sand yield of point i;
Yi,max: point i is the maximum sand yield occurring in the basin process simulation;
step 1.2, establishing a sub-target function of the non-point source pollutant load
Minimizing the pollutant yield load at the outlet using equation (2) as an objective function related to the pollutant concentration:
wherein, i: the selected key exit position number, I ═ 1,2,3, …, I;
CN,i: an actual value of the concentration of the nitrogen contaminant at the selected outlet location;
CN,Max: maximum nitrogen concentration occurring in the basin process simulation;
CP,i: an actual value of the concentration of the phosphorous contaminant at the selected exit location;
CP,Max: maximum phosphorus concentration occurring in watershed process simulation;
step 1.3, establishing a production income sub-objective function
The formula (3) is adopted as the sub-objective function of the production income:
wherein, f: number of land units in the basin, f ═ 1,2,3, …, Nf；
x, y: a land use option number, wherein X, y ═ 1,2,3, …, X;
Af: area of Cellf;
Bx: the production yield of land use type x;
Yx: actual crop yield for land use type x;
TCx,y: the cost of the conversion of land use from x to y;
Vf,x,y: a binary variable representing whether the soil utilization changes from type x to y in Cellf;
MCx: total operating cost for land use type x;
(EARf)max: the maximum possible net gain of Cellf, gross gain minus total cost;
step 1.4, establish a combined objective function
A combined objective function is constructed by equation (4):
Minimize Z＝ω1Z1+ω2Z2-ω3Z3 (4)
wherein: non-negative weight ωiReflect each purposeThe relative importance of the targets;
and 2, solving the combined objective function of the land use optimization by adopting a single overturning method, and overturning and optimizing the land use structures one by one to find an optimal solution.
2. The utility model provides a small watershed soil and water conservation land utilization optimizing system which characterized in that: the system comprises a land utilization variable definition module, a sub-objective function definition module, a combined objective function construction module and an optimization calculation module; the land use variable definition module is used for defining a land use type variable and a variation range thereof, and realizing accurate calling, turning, saving and closing of the land use type variable; the sub-objective function definition module is used for defining each sub-objective function in the multi-objective function for land use optimization, wherein the sub-objective function comprises a silt yield sub-objective function, a non-point source pollutant load sub-objective function, a production income sub-objective function, and a value range or a calculation method of each parameter related to each functional formula; the combined objective function construction module is used for combining all sub-objective functions to form a small watershed land utilization optimization combined objective function and defining the weight distribution of all sub-objectives; the optimization calculation module adopts a single overturning method to calculate a combined objective function, carries out overturning optimization on the land utilization structures one by one, finds an optimal solution and updates parameters.
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