CN111999847B - High-stability supporting structure applied to strip-shaped space reflector - Google Patents
High-stability supporting structure applied to strip-shaped space reflector Download PDFInfo
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- CN111999847B CN111999847B CN202010773484.9A CN202010773484A CN111999847B CN 111999847 B CN111999847 B CN 111999847B CN 202010773484 A CN202010773484 A CN 202010773484A CN 111999847 B CN111999847 B CN 111999847B
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-stability supporting structure applied to a long-strip-shaped space reflector, which comprises a mirror frame, a central support, a side support, an upper support and a lower support, wherein the central support is arranged on the mirror frame; the reflector is arranged in the mirror frame, and the central support is positioned at the center of the reflector; the side support is inserted into the reflector from the side of the mirror frame; the upper support and the lower support are respectively inserted into the reflector from the side surface of the mirror frame and positioned on the other side of the side surface support, and the axes of the upper support and the lower support are superposed; the upper support and the lower support are symmetrically arranged by taking the long axis of the reflector as a symmetry axis. By applying the support structure, the strip-shaped reflector can realize the stability of second level, has good capability of resisting mechanical environment, can keep higher reflector surface shape precision under the severe mechanical environment, and solves the problem of unstable support structure of the reflector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a support structure of a long-strip-shaped space reflector of an aerospace remote sensor, belongs to the technical field of aerospace optical remote sensors, and can improve the stability of the space reflector.
Background
In recent years, space-to-earth observation remote sensing technology is rapidly developed, wherein an off-axis three-mirror space camera has become an important space detection optical instrument. The reflector assembly is one of the core assemblies of the off-axis three-reflector space camera, and the surface shape precision of the reflector directly influences the imaging quality of the camera. The off-axis three-mirror optical system consists of 3 reflectors, wherein the main reflector and the three reflectors are generally strip-shaped, and compared with a coaxial camera, the light transmission aperture of the reflectors is relatively larger. During the process from development to on-track use, the reflector assembly can withstand the examination of complex environments such as installation and adjustment, mechanical tests, thermal tests, long-distance transportation, emission and on-track operation. Therefore, a stable supporting structure is designed for the reflector, so that the reflector has good environment adaptability, higher surface shape precision is obtained, and an important ring in the optical-mechanical structure design of the space remote sensing camera is formed.
The current common mirror supporting technology mainly comprises framing type supporting and point type supporting. The framed support is mature and is mainly suitable for supporting a small-caliber reflector. The point supports can be divided into a center support, a side support and a composite support. For a reflector with a larger aperture, a single support mode cannot meet the use requirement, so that a composite support mode represented by a Bipod support and a multipoint spherical hinge support is increasingly applied. On one hand, the gravity distribution of the reflector is more uniform by increasing the number of the supporting points, and higher surface shape precision is obtained; on the other hand, the complicated supporting manner also causes the problem of difficult positioning and assembly, usually needs to additionally add a flexible or unloading unit, causes trouble to the engineering realization, and also reduces the reliability of the support.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the high-stability supporting structure applied to the long-strip-shaped space reflector is provided, the structure is simple, the reflector is stably supported from the supporting principle, the unloading of stress can be realized without a complex unloading unit, the assembling and the debugging are easy, and the problem of instability of the unloading unit can be solved. By applying the supporting structure, the strip-shaped reflector can realize the stability of the second level, has good capability of resisting the mechanical environment, can keep higher reflector surface shape precision under the severe mechanical environment, and solves the problem of unstable supporting structure of the reflector.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-stability supporting structure applied to a long-strip-shaped space reflector comprises a mirror frame, a central support, a side support, an upper support and a lower support;
the reflector is arranged in the mirror frame, the central support is positioned at the center of the reflector, the central support is inserted into the reflector from the back of the reflector to play a supporting role, the supporting point of the central support is superposed with the mass center of the reflector, and the axis of the central support is parallel to the optical axis, so that the translation restriction in the long axis direction and the short axis direction of the reflector is realized;
The side supports are inserted into the reflector from the sides of the mirror frame, the axes of the side supports are perpendicular to the axis of the central support and pass through the center of mass of the reflector, and the restraint on the translation of the reflector in the short axis direction and the optical axis direction is realized;
the upper support and the lower support are respectively inserted into the reflector from the side surface of the mirror frame and positioned on the other side of the side surface support, and the axes of the upper support and the lower support are superposed and are vertical to the axes of the central support and the side surface support; the upper support and the lower support are symmetrically arranged by taking the long axis of the reflector as a symmetry axis, and the translation along the optical axis direction of the reflector is restrained; the supporting points of the upper support and the lower support are both on the centroid surface of the reflector.
The side surface of the mirror frame is provided with a side surface supporting mounting hole, an upper supporting mounting hole and a lower supporting mounting hole, the bottom surface of the mirror frame is provided with a center supporting mounting hole, the appearance of the mirror frame is determined according to the appearance of the reflector, and an assembly gap is reserved between the mirror frame and the reflector.
The material of the mirror frame is titanium alloy.
The central support, the side supports, the upper support and the lower support respectively comprise a support rod with a spherical structure at the middle head part, a reflector sleeve and a lining; the reflector sleeve is bonded in the reflector through epoxy glue, the bushing is installed in the reflector sleeve, the spherical structure part of the supporting rod penetrates through the mirror frame and is assembled in the bushing, and the flange surface of the supporting rod is connected with the mirror frame.
The reflector sleeve and the lining are in clearance fit, and the lining and the reflector sleeve are in surface contact.
The lining and the supporting rod are in clearance fit, and the spherical structure of the supporting rod is in line contact with the lining.
The reflector sleeve is made of invar steel.
The bushing and the supporting rod are both machined by GCr15 steel.
The utility model provides a be applied to high stable bearing structure of rectangular shape space reflecting mirror, still includes supplementary gluey point, picture frame symmetrical arrangement a plurality of is supplementary to glue the point all around, and the reflecting mirror side and the supplementary gluey point in side bond the silicon rubber between.
And calculating the diameter of the spherical structure of each strut according to the maximum extrusion stress borne by the spherical structure of each strut, which is less than the maximum allowable extrusion stress, the following two formulas and the stress of the reflector:
σ by using ＝0.65σ b ；
P max For maximum compressive stress, R is the radius of the spherical structure, F is the supporting force provided by the spherical structure support, γ 1 And gamma 2 Respectively, the poisson's ratio of the materials being extruded into each other; e 1 And E 2 Respectively the modulus of elasticity of the material being extruded; sigma By using To maximize allowable extrusion stress, σ b The tensile strength of the spherical structural material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, a 4-point supporting structure is adopted for the long-strip-shaped space reflector, and the limitation is implemented through the limiting structures of the reflector sleeve and the lining, so that the statically-fixed support of the reflector is realized, over-constraint is avoided, the supporting force is uniformly distributed, and higher reflector surface shape precision can be obtained.
(2) The reflector supporting structure does not need a complex unloading unit, and realizes the unloading of external stress through the relative motion between the supporting rod and the bushing, so that the supporting structure has good environment self-adaption capability, and is favorable for the adjustment of the reflector and the cost saving.
(3) The reflector support structure can adjust the assembly gap between the support structures, obtain the reflector support structure with second-level stability, is favorable for engineering realization, is easy to disassemble, and has stronger practicability.
(4) The support structures in the invention are in surface contact or line contact without point contact parts, the support rod is processed by high-strength bearing steel, the support structures have high reliability and good mechanical environment resistance, and the reflector can obtain second-level stability.
(5) The aperture of the long strip-shaped space reflector is 400-1000 mm, the reflector can be a plane reflector, a spherical reflector, an aspheric reflector and other reflectors, and the reflector has a wide application range and high popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a mirror structure;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of support points;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the center support;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a side support;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the upper support;
fig. 7 is a structural view of the lower support.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The reflector supported by the long-strip-shaped reflector supporting structure is an off-axis reflector, the caliber of the off-axis reflector is 505mm multiplied by 235mm, the working temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the off-axis reflector supporting structure comprises a mirror frame 1, a central support 3, a side support 4, an upper support 5, a lower support 6 and 8 auxiliary glue dots 7, as shown in figure 1.
The constraint of 6 degrees of freedom of the mirror is achieved according to the kinematics principle. The central support 3 is positioned in the center of the reflector 2, and is inserted from the back of the reflector 2 to play a supporting role, and the rest supports are inserted from the side of the reflector to play a supporting role.
The supporting point of the central support 3 is superposed with the mass center of the reflector 2, and the axis of the central support is parallel to the optical axis, so that the translation of the reflector 2 in the long axis direction and the short axis direction is restrained; the side supports 4 are inserted from the side surfaces of the mirror frame 1, the axes of the side supports 4 are vertical to the axis of the central support 3 and pass through the center of mass of the reflector 2, and the restriction on the translation of the reflector 2 in the short axis direction and the optical axis direction is realized; and the upper support 5 and the lower support 6 are positioned at the other side of the side support 4, and the axes of the upper support 5 and the lower support 6 are coincident and are vertical to the axes of the central support 3 and the side support 4. The upper support 5 and the lower support 6 are symmetrically arranged by taking the long axis of the reflector 2 as a symmetry axis, and only the translation along the optical axis direction of the reflector is restricted. The support points of the side supports 4, the upper support 5 and the lower support 6 are all on the centroid plane of the reflector 2.
Each supporting point is supported by a supporting rod 8 with a spherical structure, and the flange part of the supporting rod 8 is fixed with the spectacle frame 1. Mounting holes are designed at the positions corresponding to the supporting structure on the back and the side of the reflector 2, and a reflector sleeve 9 is bonded in each mounting hole. A bushing 10 is fitted in the mirror sleeve 9, the bushing 10 being in surface contact with the mirror sleeve 9. The spherical configuration of the strut 8 fits into the bushing 10, the spherical configuration being in line contact with the bushing 10. The constraint of each support point with respect to the degrees of freedom can be achieved by structural constraints of the mirror sleeve 9 and the bushing 10. The vibration response of the reflector can be reduced by symmetrically arranging a plurality of auxiliary glue points 7 on the periphery of the mirror frame 1.
Because the support rod 8 is in line contact with the bushing 10, a certain spatial included angle is allowed to be formed between the axis of the support rod 8 and the axis of the bushing 10, so that each supporting point has self-adaptive capacity, the stress caused by assembly and part machining errors can be eliminated, stress loads such as gravity and the like can be unloaded, and high surface shape precision is obtained. On the other hand, the supporting points are non-point contacts, the supporting rod 8 is made of bearing steel which is high in hardness, good in wear resistance and high in contact fatigue strength, and the reliability of the supporting structure is high, so that the second-level stable reflector supporting structure with good resistance to the mechanical environment can be obtained by adjusting the assembling gaps among the supporting structures.
The reflector 2 is a spherical reflector and is made of microcrystalline material, and a lightweight mode of combining a triangular hole and a circular hole is adopted for a non-reflecting surface on the back, as shown in fig. 2. The reflector radius-thickness ratio is 8:1, and the weight reduction ratio is 70%.
Three supporting and mounting holes are reserved on the side surface of the reflector 2, and the axes of the three mounting holes are vertical to the optical axis and are positioned in the mass center plane of the reflector (comprising the mirror frame and all the supporting structures). A supporting and mounting hole is reserved in the middle of the back of the reflector 2, and the axis of the mounting hole is parallel to the optical axis. The reserved 4 support mounting holes are all round straight holes.
The mirror frame 1 is made of titanium alloy by casting, and the reflector can be arranged in the mirror frame 1. Three circular through holes are formed in the side face of the mirror frame 1, a circular through hole is formed in the bottom face of the mirror frame 1 and corresponds to the positions of the three supporting and mounting holes in the side face of the reflector 2 and the supporting and mounting hole in the back face of the reflector respectively, and the reflector 2 and the mirror frame 1 can be fixed through the supporting structure. The appearance of picture frame 1 can be confirmed according to the appearance of speculum 2, and reserves unilateral 5 mm's assembly gap with speculum 2. The frame 1 may also be provided with mounting interfaces to other structural members.
Each support structure of the invention comprises a strut 8 with a spherical structure therein, a mirror sleeve 9 and a bushing 10. The spherical structural part of each strut 8 is fitted through a mounting hole of the mirror frame 1 into a bush 10, the flange face of the strut 8 is connected to the mirror frame 1, the mirror sleeve 9 and the mirror 2 are bonded together by epoxy glue, and the bush 10 is fitted into the mirror sleeve 9, as shown in fig. 3. The reflector sleeve 9 and the bushing 10 are in clearance fit, and the bushing 10 and the support rod 8 are bonded and fixed without using a bonding agent, so that the axis of each support rod and the axis of the reflector sleeve can generate a certain space angle to passively adapt to the change of external loads, and the reflector sleeve has good environment adaptability.
All the reflector sleeves 9 are made of invar steel, so that the influence of the thermal load on the reflector can be effectively reduced. All the bushings 10 and the struts 8 are machined from GCr15 steel with high wear resistance and good contact fatigue properties, ensuring that dimensional assembly clearance changes due to wear are not generated.
The outer diameter of the central support bush 12 fits into the inner diameter of the central support mirror sleeve 11, the outer diameter of the lateral support bush 14 fits into the inner diameter of the lateral support mirror sleeve 13, all in cylindrical surface contact, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, only the freedom along the axis of the strut can be released, i.e. the central support can restrain X, Y direction translational freedom, and the lateral support can restrain Y, Z direction translational freedom; the upper support mirror sleeve 15 and the upper support bush 16 are supported by upper and lower two-sided contact, and the lower support mirror sleeve 17 and the lower support bush 18 are also supported by upper and lower two-sided contact, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, only the degree of freedom in the normal direction of the contact surface can be restricted, that is, the upper support 5 and the lower support 6 only can restrict the degree of freedom in the translational motion in the Z direction.
Under various mechanical circumstances, the spherical structural portion of each strut is subjected to compressive stress. The magnitude of the extrusion stress on the contact surface is distributed according to a hemispherical surface, and the maximum extrusion stress P max Occurring in the center of the contact surface in relation to the radius R of the spherical structure and the supporting force F provided by the support of the spherical structure
In the formula: gamma ray 1 And gamma 2 Respectively, the poisson's ratio of the materials being extruded into each other; e 1 And E 2 Respectively, the modulus of elasticity of the material being extruded onto one another.
The allowable compressive stress is related to the connection mode, the frequency of load repetition, the acceleration load and other factors, and because the spherical structure and the reflector sleeve 9 are in clearance fit and the clearance is extremely small, micro vibration exists when the reflector sleeve is subjected to mechanical environment examination, and the maximum allowable compressive stress (sigma) is By using )
σ By using ＝0.65σ b (2)
In the formula: sigma b Is a spherical structural materialTensile strength of the material.
And (3) requiring that the maximum extrusion stress borne by each spherical structure is smaller than the maximum allowable extrusion stress, and calculating the diameter of each support rod spherical structure according to the formula (1) and the formula (2) and the stress condition of the reflector 2. The fitting clearance is obtained according to the stability requirement, and the fitting clearance of the spherical structure of the strut 8 and the bushing 10 is 0.008mm in the example.
Auxiliary glue points 7 are arranged on the side face of the reflector 2 for auxiliary support, 8 auxiliary glue points are symmetrically arranged in total, and the auxiliary glue points are processed by titanium alloy. The auxiliary glue points 7 are arranged on the side surface of the mirror frame 1, silicon rubber is bonded between the side surface of the reflector 2 and the auxiliary glue points 7 on the side surface, the thickness of the silicon rubber is 0.5mm, and the response of the reflector 2 during vibration can be reduced. The axes of the side auxiliary glue sites 7 are all located in the plane of the centre of mass of the mirror 2 (containing all the supporting structures).
The assembly, adjustment, test and operation of the reflector support structure are all carried out at 20 ℃. The contact part of the reflector support structure is in surface contact or line contact, and the support structure is processed by bearing steel with high hardness and strong wear resistance, so that the reflector can obtain high surface shape precision and high precision stability.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (6)
1. A high-stability supporting structure applied to a long-strip-shaped space reflector is characterized by comprising a mirror frame (1), a central support (3), a side support (4), an upper support (5) and a lower support (6);
the reflecting mirror (2) is arranged in the mirror frame (1), the central support (3) is positioned in the center of the reflecting mirror (2), the central support is inserted into the reflecting mirror (2) from the back of the reflecting mirror (2) to play a supporting role, the supporting point of the central support (3) is superposed with the mass center of the reflecting mirror (2), and the axis of the central support (3) is parallel to the optical axis, so that the translation constraint in the long axis direction and the short axis direction of the reflecting mirror (2) is realized;
The side supports (4) are inserted into the reflector (2) from the side surfaces of the mirror frame (1), the axes of the side supports (4) are vertical to the axis of the central support (3) and pass through the center of mass of the reflector (2), and the restraint of the translation of the reflector (2) in the short axis direction and the optical axis direction is realized;
the upper support (5) and the lower support (6) are respectively inserted into the reflector (2) from the side surface of the mirror frame (1) and positioned on the other side of the side support (4), and the axes of the upper support (5) and the lower support (6) are superposed and are vertical to the axes of the central support (3) and the side support (4); the upper support (5) and the lower support (6) are symmetrically arranged by taking the long axis of the reflector (2) as a symmetry axis, and the translation along the optical axis direction of the reflector is restrained; the supporting points of the upper support (5) and the lower support (6) are both on the centroid surface of the reflector (2);
the central support (3), the side supports (4), the upper support (5) and the lower support (6) comprise a support rod (8) with a spherical structure at the middle head part, a reflector sleeve (9) and a bushing (10); the reflector sleeve (9) is bonded in the reflector (2) through epoxy glue, the bushing (10) is installed in the reflector sleeve (9), the spherical structure part of the support rod (8) penetrates through the mirror frame (1) to be assembled in the bushing (10), and the flange surface of the support rod (8) is connected with the mirror frame (1);
the reflector sleeve (9) is in clearance fit with the bush (10), and the bush (10) is in surface contact with the reflector sleeve (9);
The bushing (10) and the supporting rod (8) are in clearance fit, and the spherical structure of the supporting rod (8) is in line contact with the bushing (10);
the reflector sleeve (9) is made of invar steel.
2. The high-stability supporting structure applied to the elongated space reflector according to claim 1, wherein the side surface of the mirror frame (1) is provided with a side support mounting hole, an upper support mounting hole and a lower support mounting hole, the bottom surface of the mirror frame is provided with a center support mounting hole, the shape of the mirror frame (1) is determined according to the shape of the reflector (2), and an assembly gap is reserved between the mirror frame and the reflector (2).
3. A highly stable support structure for elongated spatial mirrors according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the material of the mirror frame (1) is a titanium alloy.
4. A highly stable support structure for elongated spatial reflectors as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bushings (10) and the struts (8) are machined from GCr15 steel.
5. The high-stability supporting structure applied to the elongated space reflector is characterized by further comprising auxiliary adhesive dots (7), wherein a plurality of auxiliary adhesive dots (7) are symmetrically arranged around the mirror frame (1), and silicon rubber is bonded between the side surface of the reflector (2) and the auxiliary adhesive dots (7).
6. A highly stable support structure for elongated spatial mirrors according to claim 5, wherein the diameter of the spherical structure of each strut is calculated from the maximum allowable compressive stress to which the spherical structure of each strut (8) is subjected being less than the maximum allowable compressive stress and the force applied to the mirror (2) according to the following two equations:
σ by using ＝0.65σ b ；
P max For maximum compressive stress, R is the radius of the spherical structure, F is the supporting force provided by the spherical structure support, γ 1 And gamma 2 Respectively, the poisson's ratio of the materials being extruded into each other; e 1 And E 2 Respectively the modulus of elasticity of the material being extruded; sigma By using To maximize allowable extrusion stress, σ b The tensile strength of the spherical structural material.
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