CN111999796B - Method for rapidly manufacturing chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity - Google Patents
Method for rapidly manufacturing chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111999796B CN111999796B CN202010824689.5A CN202010824689A CN111999796B CN 111999796 B CN111999796 B CN 111999796B CN 202010824689 A CN202010824689 A CN 202010824689A CN 111999796 B CN111999796 B CN 111999796B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B6/02133—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference
- G02B6/02138—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference based on illuminating a phase mask
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B2006/02166—Methods of designing the gratings, i.e. calculating the structure, e.g. algorithms, numerical methods
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a method for rapidly manufacturing a chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity, which comprises the following steps: s1, constructing a chalcogenide glass optical fiber designed based on Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon principleA measuring device for refractive index variation applying tension in an axial direction; s2, obtaining the As applying the tension along the axial direction through a measuring device 2 S 3 Optimum photosensitivity of chalcogenide glass optical fibers; s3, building an improved Sagnac interference writing grating system; s4, as in the step S2 2 S 3 And (3) placing the chalcogenide glass optical fiber in a Sagnac interference writing grating system in the step S3 to manufacture the chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity. The invention solves the problems of low mechanical stability, poor spectrum quality and long-time exposure to obtain Bragg grating of the transverse holographic exposure method, and obviously improves the reflectivity of the grating; the central wavelength of the grating can be changed easily by adjusting the included angle of the two reflectors, and the phase mask plate does not need to be replaced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a method for rapidly manufacturing a chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity.
Background
Chalcogenide glasses are glass systems constructed based on chalcogenides S, se, te, in combination with other elements such as As, ge, sb, ga, etc. They have low phonon energy and broad infrared transmission windows (1-12 μm), whose optical nonlinearity is higher than that of quartz glass by more than two orders of magnitude, and are attracting attention as a nonlinear optical medium of long wavelength. All-optical switches, wavelength converters, fiber gratings, raman fiber lasers, supercontinuum generation, etc., are demonstrated using chalcogenide glass optical waveguides or optical fibers. Photosensitivity is a property of chalcogenide glass, and since the last 60 th century, its research has been focused mainly on chalcogenide glass bulk materials and thin film materials, exhibiting various photoinduced effects under bandgap light or sub-bandgap light irradiation, the most remarkable of which is a photoinduced refractive index change. For chalcogenide glass materials or film materials, under the induction of light, the refractive index is dependent on illuminationThe interval increases and reaches a saturated state. The theory of photodarkening is explained by the fact that light causes the conversion of opposite bonds to like bonds, forming defects in the internal structure of the glass, which are manifested by a redshift of the light absorbing edge band. However, the structure of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is more complicated. Because the chalcogenide glass optical fiber cladding and the fiber core have similar components and absorb light, the light is basically absorbed by the cladding when the band gap light of the material is adopted to irradiate (vertically irradiate the surface of the optical fiber cylinder), and the fiber core can not absorb the light and can not generate photosensitivity; if the light is irradiated with sub-bandgap light away from the absorption edge of the glass material, the light can pass through the cladding to the core due to less absorption of the light by the material, but the actual result is that the core also has too little light energy absorbed, and the light also passes through the core, resulting in a weak photosensitivity of the core. The invention is reported in As 2 Se 3 Bragg gratings were written on optical fibers using 785 nm and 633nm sub-bandgap photolithography, respectively, and on As 2 Se 3 Bragg gratings were written on the fibers using 633nm sub-bandgap lithography and the data showed that these chalcogenide glass fibers were poorly photosensitive with sub-bandgap light irradiation, with refractive index changes of about 10-4 magnitude. In addition, at the inscription of As 2 Se 3 In the fiber grating process, the center wavelength of the fiber grating is shifted to the short wavelength direction along with the exposure time, and the refractive index is reduced. At the point of inscribing As 2 Se 3 The fiber grating has its center wavelength shifted in the long wavelength direction, and shows an increase in refractive index. These demonstrate the complexity of photosensitivity of chalcogenide glass fibers, which should be related to material and illumination photon energy.
Based on the above consideration, the invention designs a method for rapidly manufacturing the chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for rapidly manufacturing a high-reflectivity chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating, and solves the problems that a transverse holographic exposure method is low in mechanical stability, poor in spectrum quality and capable of obtaining the Bragg grating after long-time exposure.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for rapidly manufacturing a chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing measuring equipment designed based on a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon principle and used for measuring refractive index change of chalcogenide glass optical fibers applying tension along the axial direction;
s2, obtaining the As applying the tension along the axial direction through a measuring device 2 Se 3 Optimum photosensitivity of chalcogenide glass optical fibers;
s3, building an improved Sagnac interference writing grating system;
s4, as in the step S2 2 Se 3 And (3) placing the chalcogenide glass optical fiber in a Sagnac interference writing grating system in the step S3 to manufacture the chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity.
The measuring equipment in the step S1 consists of a light irradiation system and a testing system, wherein the light irradiation system comprises a light source, an attenuator, a beam expanding system, a first shutter and a first cylindrical lens, and light beams emitted by the light source sequentially pass through the attenuator, the beam expanding system, the shutter and the cylindrical lens and then are focused on the surface of the sample.
The light source is continuous double-frequency Nd, wherein a YAG laser emits laser with the working wavelength of 532nm as an irradiation light source; the beam expanding system is a telescope; the shutter is an electronic shutter with a control range of 0.001-999.999 s and is used for controlling illumination time.
The test system comprises a single-mode fiber, an optical fiber clamp, a chalcogenide glass optical fiber and a microscope, wherein the cut chalcogenide glass optical fiber is placed in the optical fiber clamp and then is subjected to optical fiber coupling, and an upper microscope and a lower microscope are arranged at the coupling interface of the single-mode fiber and the chalcogenide glass optical fiber and are used for observing whether the optical fiber is coupled; the test system is placed on the three-dimensional motion platform, and the position of the single-mode fiber can be adjusted through the motor according to the coupling condition, so that the single-mode fiber can be completely coupled with the chalcogenide glass fiber.
The optical fiber clamp is provided with a sliding block, one end of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is fixed on the optical fiber clamp, and the other end of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is fixed on the sliding block and can move along with the sliding block.
The improved Sagnac interference writing grating system in the step S3 is arranged on an air cushion precise vibration isolation optical platform and comprises an exposure source, a beam expanding lens group, an aperture, a second shutter, a second cylindrical lens, a phase mask plate and two groups of reflectors, wherein the exposure source is Nd of continuous wave frequency multiplication, the YAG laser emits laser with the working wavelength of 532nm As the exposure source, the exposure source sequentially passes through the beam expanding lens group, the aperture and a telescope system formed by the second shutter, passes through the second cylindrical lens and enters the phase mask plate to generate +1, 0 and-1 three-level diffraction, wherein 0-level light beams are blocked, and +1 and-1-level light beams are obliquely arranged on As 2 Se 3 After the two reflectors on the upper and lower parts of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber are reflected twice, the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is finally focused on As 2 Se 3 A light spot with gaussian profile intensity distribution is formed on the chalcogenide glass fiber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention solves the problems of low mechanical stability, poor spectrum quality and long-time exposure to obtain Bragg grating of the transverse holographic exposure method, and simultaneously, the application of axial tension obviously improves the reflectivity of the chalcogenide glass fiber grating;
2. the invention overcomes the defects that the exposure time is still long (more than 40 min) and the spectrum quality is not ideal because the writing wavelength of 633nmHe-Ne laser is still adopted. The light sensitivity is weak due to the fact that the absorption of the fiber core to sub-bandgap light is small, the transmission peak value of the obtained grating is not high, the exposure time of tens of minutes or even hours is needed, and meanwhile, the obtained spectrum is poor due to the complexity of a grating writing system and long-time mechanical instability;
3. the invention can change the central wavelength of the grating easily by adjusting the included angle of the two reflectors without changing the phase mask plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement device designed based on the FP etalon principle in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an improved Sagnac interferometric write grating system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the peak to exposure time relationship of Bragg wavelength and the Bragg grating transmission spectrum with an exposure time of 80 s.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
see fig. 1-4.
As shown in fig. 1, a measuring device 1 designed based on the principle of fabry-perot (FP) etalon is used for measuring the refractive index change of chalcogenide glass optical fibers applying tension in the axial direction.
The whole measuring device 1 consists of a light irradiation system 2 and a test system 3. YAG laser is adopted in the light irradiation system 2, laser with the working wavelength of 532nm is selected as an irradiation light source 21, light beams emitted by the light source 21 sequentially pass through an attenuator 22, a beam expanding system 23, a first shutter 24 and a first cylindrical lens 25 and then are focused on the surface of a sample to form light spots with the height of about 1.1 mm and the width of about 5 mm and with Gaussian intensity distribution, the irradiation time is controlled by the first shutter 24 (the control range of 0.001-999.999 s), and the irradiation power is changed by a variable attenuator 22. Meanwhile, in order to avoid continuous light irradiation for a long time, the microstructure of the material is changed due to the thermal effect, and the first shutter 24 controls the light irradiation to stop for 20s after each light irradiation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a test system for cutting As using an ultrasonic cutter 2 Se 3 The two end surfaces of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber are smooth and parallel to form a length of about 1.5 cm; placing the cut chalcogenide glass optical fiber 33 into an optical fiber clamp 32, and performing optical fiber coupling; at the coupling interface of the single-mode fiber 31 and the chalcogenide glass fiber 33, there are an upper and a lower microscope 34, and whether the fibers are coupled can be observed by the microscope 34; the whole system is positioned on a precise and adjustable three-dimensional platform, and the position of a single-mode fiber can be adjusted through a motor according to the coupling condition so that the single-mode fiber can be completely coupled with the chalcogenide glass fiber 33.
After the optical fiber is completely coupled, using linear polarization, broadband 1520-1570 nm amplified spontaneous emission source ASE light source,532nm laser enters the chalcogenide glass optical fiber from the coupling end surface of the single mode fiber and the chalcogenide glass optical fiber through the single mode fiber, and then is coupled and output to a high-resolution (the resolution can reach 10 pm) spectrum analyzer (OSA) for test and monitoring to obtain As under the condition of no applied tension 2 Se 3 Refractive index change pattern of chalcogenide optical fiber.
The optical fiber clamp 32 is composed of: a clamp for optical fiber with slide block is composed of a chalcogenide glass optical fiber 33 with one end fixed to the fixed point of clamp 32 and another end fixed to slide block, and a nut for pushing said slide block to change the tension of optical fiber along axis.
The built optical fiber clamp is utilized, a weight is added at one end of the clamp, a sliding block is pushed by a nut, and the tension of the optical fiber along the axis is quantitatively changed, so that As 2 Se 3 The chalcogenide optical fiber is stretched, and then the coupling end face of the optical fiber is readjusted.
As under lateral tension 2 Se 3 After the chalcogenide optical fiber is completely coupled, a linear polarization and broadband 1520-1570 nm amplification spontaneous emission light source ASE light source is utilized, 532nm laser passes through a single-mode fiber, enters the chalcogenide glass optical fiber from the coupling end face of the single-mode fiber and the chalcogenide glass optical fiber, and is then coupled and output to a high-resolution (the resolution can reach 10 pm) spectrum analyzer (OSA) for test and monitoring. As under applied tension 2 Se 3 Refractive index change pattern of chalcogenide optical fiber.
Repeating the above steps, and continuously changing the weight of the applied weight, namely continuously changing the transverse tension to obtain As with good photosensitivity 2 Se 3 A chalcogenide optical fiber.
As for optimal photosensitivity 2 Se 3 After the chalcogenide fiber, the lateral tension applied at this time and the power of the laser are recorded.
Commercial optical fibers are tapered to small diameter single mode fibers, clamped in a fiber holder, and applied with lateral force.
As shown in fig. 3, an improved Sagnac interference writing grating system is placed on an air cushion precise vibration isolation optical platform, a Continuous Wave (CW) frequency doubling Nd: YAG laser is used As an exposure source 41, laser with working wavelength of 532nm is selected, after beam expansion of a telescope system consisting of a beam expansion lens group 42, an aperture 43 and a second shutter 44, the laser beam enters a phase mask 46 through a second cylindrical lens 45 to generate +1, 0, -1 three-level diffraction (wherein the 0-level beam is blocked), and the +1 and-1-level beams are reflected twice by a reflecting mirror 47, and finally focused (the second cylindrical lens 45 acts) to form a light spot with gaussian profile intensity distribution of 7mm wide and 1.2mm high on an As 2S 3 chalcogenide glass fiber sample.
When the fiber grating is prepared in the invention, the central wavelength of the grating can be easily changed by adjusting the included angle of the two reflectors 47, and the phase mask plate 46 does not need to be replaced. YAG laser with the same Nd, and Sagnac interference system with 532nm exposure light source and phase mask plate with +1/-1 diffraction order 2 Se 3 Bragg gratings were written on the fiber cores, as shown in FIG. 3, to test about 3mW per beam of +1/-1 diffraction orders.
When the fiber grating is prepared, the included angle 2 theta of the double light beams is about 110.67 degrees, the axial tension is 25 grams force, the grating period is about 323.39 nm, the exposure time is 80 seconds, and the length of the inscribed grating is about 7mm.
As shown in FIG. 4, it was observed that commercial fiber tapering resulted in a small diameter As of (3.7.+ -. 0.32)/(90.+ -. 1.58) μm core/cladding diameter 2 Se 3 The relationship between Bragg wavelength peak and exposure time for fiber preparation has been found to yield an average peak at center wavelength of about 9.46 to dB for exposure time (70 to 110 seconds), and the spectral quality is also best during this time. The Bragg grating transmission spectrum under the exposure time of 80s is good in spectrum quality in the whole exposure period, the transmission peak reaches-9.86 dB, the reflectivity is up to 89.7%, and the grating bandwidth is about 0.48 nm.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or direct or indirect application in the relevant art utilizing the present specification and drawings are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for rapidly manufacturing the chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, constructing measuring equipment designed based on a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon principle and used for measuring refractive index change of chalcogenide glass optical fibers applying tension along the axial direction;
s2, obtaining the As applying the tension along the axial direction through a measuring device 2 S 3 Optimum photosensitivity of chalcogenide glass optical fibers;
s3, building an improved Sagnac interference writing grating system;
s4, as in the step S2 2 S 3 The chalcogenide glass optical fiber is placed in a Sagnac interference writing grating system in the step S3 to manufacture a chalcogenide glass optical fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity;
the measuring equipment in the step S1 consists of a light irradiation system and a testing system, wherein the light irradiation system comprises a light source, an attenuator, a beam expanding system, a first shutter and a first cylindrical lens, and light beams emitted by the light source sequentially pass through the attenuator, the beam expanding system, the shutter and the cylindrical lens and then are focused on the surface of a sample;
the test system comprises a single-mode fiber, an optical fiber clamp, a chalcogenide glass optical fiber and a microscope, wherein the cut chalcogenide glass optical fiber is placed in the optical fiber clamp and then is subjected to optical fiber coupling, and an upper microscope and a lower microscope are arranged at the coupling interface of the single-mode fiber and the chalcogenide glass optical fiber and are used for observing whether the optical fiber is coupled; the test system is placed on the three-dimensional motion platform, and the position of the single-mode fiber can be adjusted through a motor according to the coupling condition, so that the single-mode fiber can be completely coupled with the chalcogenide glass fiber;
the optical fiber clamp is provided with a sliding block, one end of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is fixed on the optical fiber clamp, the other end of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is fixed on the sliding block, the chalcogenide glass optical fiber can move along with the sliding block, and the tension of the optical fiber along the shaft can be quantitatively changed by pushing the sliding block through a nut;
the light source is continuous double-frequency Nd, wherein a YAG laser emits laser with the working wavelength of 532nm as an irradiation light source; the beam expanding system is a telescope; the shutter is an electronic shutter with a control range of 0.001-999.999 s and is used for controlling illumination time;
the improved Sagnac interference writing grating system in the step S3 is arranged on an air cushion precise vibration isolation optical platform and comprises an exposure source, a beam expanding lens group, an aperture, a second shutter, a second cylindrical lens, a phase mask plate and two groups of reflectors, wherein the exposure source is Nd of continuous wave frequency multiplication, the YAG laser emits laser with the working wavelength of 532nm As the exposure source, the exposure source sequentially passes through the beam expanding lens group, the aperture and a telescope system formed by the second shutter, passes through the second cylindrical lens and enters the phase mask plate to generate +1, 0 and-1 three-level diffraction, wherein 0-level light beams are blocked, and +1 and-1-level light beams are obliquely arranged on As 2 S 3 After the two reflectors on the upper and lower parts of the chalcogenide glass optical fiber are reflected twice, the chalcogenide glass optical fiber is finally focused on As 2 S 3 Forming a light spot with Gaussian profile intensity distribution on the chalcogenide glass optical fiber;
when the fiber bragg grating is prepared, the included angle 2 theta of the double light beams is 110.67 degrees, the axial applied tension is 25 grams force, the exposure time is 80s, the transmission peak reaches-9.86 dB, the reflectivity is 89.7%, and the grating bandwidth is 0.48 nm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6442305B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2002-08-27 | Sabeus Photonics, Inc. | Method for altering the refractive index of optical fibers using stress |
| CN102681086B (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2013-06-12 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Fiber bragg grating producing device capable of controlling wavelengths |
| CN107907239B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-12-06 | 宁波大学 | Temperature sensing device based on chalcogenide glass material and construction method thereof |
| CN110673258A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-10 | 北京工业大学 | System for writing various fiber gratings by ultraviolet laser mask plate method |
| CN111221072A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-02 | 南京聚科光电技术有限公司 | Device and method for writing fiber grating by femtosecond laser |
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