CN111999080B - Rolling fatigue test method for elastic wheel - Google Patents
Rolling fatigue test method for elastic wheel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rolling fatigue test method for an elastic wheel, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit vehicle part test. The method comprises the basic steps of determining load type, setting up load circulation test spectrum, establishing load circulation loading device, collecting load test data, and obtaining fatigue test judgment conclusion, so that the actual running state of the elastic wheel can be truly simulated by means of the load circulation loading device, scientific basis required by research works such as design, improvement and the like can be obtained through test, and the method can be used for judging whether the rolling fatigue strength of each key part in the elastic wheel, particularly the elastic vibration reduction element is qualified or not, thereby expanding the application of the test device into test equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fatigue test method, in particular to a rolling fatigue test method for an elastic wheel suitable for an output end of a wheel edge speed reducer, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit vehicle part test tests.
Background
The elastic wheel belongs to a split type wheel, and the typical structure is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and mainly comprises a damping rubber 1-4 embedded between a wheel rim 1-3 and a wheel center 1-5 of the elastic wheel 1, wherein the damping rubber is used for reducing wheel rail noise, relieving wheel rail impact vibration and improving vehicle running stability and passenger riding comfort in the running process, and the elastic wheel is widely applied to urban rail transit vehicles. The elastic wheel is used as a key running component of the vehicle, and the safety and reliability of the elastic wheel are directly related to the running safety of the vehicle, so that the fatigue performance of the elastic wheel needs to be comprehensively checked. Unlike an integral wheel, the fatigue failure of an elastic wheel is mainly reflected in the fatigue failure of the rubber vibration reduction element and the tire part.
At present, the fatigue test of the elastic wheel is generally carried out by referring to a static fatigue test method established by TB/T2817-2018 'rolled steel integral wheel for railway wagon', namely, the elastic wheel is fixedly arranged on a test bed, and fatigue cyclic load is loaded at the position corresponding to the contact point of a wheel rail for test. However, the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel in a static state and under a fixed-point bearing condition is substantially checked by the test method, so that the real loaded state of the vibration damping rubber element in the rolling state of the elastic wheel cannot be fully simulated, and the weak link in the elastic wheel, namely the fatigue resistance of the vibration damping rubber element, cannot be checked.
The Chinese patent literature with the application number 201510459302. X discloses an elastic element large-load fatigue test device, a test method and an installation method, wherein the elastic element large-load fatigue test device comprises a test device base, four upright posts and a movable cross beam, one end of each upright post is arranged on the test device base, the other end of each upright post penetrates through the movable cross beam and the movable cross beam can move up and down and back and forth along the upright posts to be fixed, and a frame structure is formed among the test device base, the four upright posts and the movable cross beam; a fixed platform for fixing the elastic element clamp is also arranged on the base of the test device, a vertical loading oil cylinder mechanism with a sensor is arranged on the movable cross beam, and applying large load excitation to the elastic element on the elastic element clamp by utilizing the downward pressing movement of the vertical loading oil cylinder mechanism, and collecting data by utilizing the sensor, so that a large load static stiffness test and a dynamic fatigue test are carried out. Although the patent can carry out a high-load static stiffness test and a dynamic fatigue test on the elastic element, the patent is limited to the bearing in a reciprocating linear motion state and is not suitable for the rotating and rolling application working condition of the elastic wheel.
In addition, chinese patent application of application number 201611252554.6 discloses a rail vehicle elastic wheel load test bench, including base, fatigue loading subassembly, static loading subassembly and load loading subassembly, load loading subassembly can apply axial and radial force to the wheel under test, and fatigue loading subassembly and static loading subassembly set up on the base, fatigue loading subassembly includes drive assembly and brake assembly, the cooperation of fatigue loading subassembly the operating mode of load loading subassembly simulation wheel under test motion process, static loading subassembly can be fixed the wheel under test and cooperation the operating mode when the load loading subassembly simulation wheel under test is static. According to the application, comprehensive stress conditions of the elastic wheel under static or different movement speeds can be simulated, comprehensive assessment data are obtained, and therefore test data support is provided for production processing, performance improvement and the like of the elastic wheel; however, since no feasible scientific test method is provided, the device can only be practically used as a platform for fumbling test methods, and the device can not apply starting braking torque to the tested elastic wheel, can not verify and check the performance of the elastic wheel at different environmental temperatures, and can not directly obtain rolling fatigue test data required by the design and improvement of the elastic wheel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: by accurately simulating the loaded state of each part of the elastic wheel in the rolling state, a practical elastic wheel rolling fatigue test method is provided, so that the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel under different running speeds, different axle weights and different line conditions can be tested, scientific basis is provided for research works such as design and improvement of the elastic wheel, and whether the rolling fatigue strength of an elastic link in the elastic wheel is qualified or not can be judged.
In order to achieve the above object, the rolling fatigue test method for an elastic wheel of the present invention comprises the following basic steps:
Step one, determining the load type, namely reflecting the load applied to the elastic wheel under the actual running condition according to the elastic wheel and the track structure by radial force parallel to the radial direction of the wheel, axial force on the inner side of the rim parallel to the axial direction, axial force on the back side of the rim parallel to the axial direction and circumferential torque, wherein the elastic wheel is provided with a plurality of elastic wheels, wherein the elastic wheels are provided with a plurality of elastic wheels
Radial force rating fz=1.25Q
Rim inboard axial force rating fy2=0.7q
Rim backside axial force rating fy3=0.42Q
Circumferential torque rating mt=ma×d/2
In the middle of
Q—maximum vertical static load carried by elastic wheel, unit kN, q=1/2 mg
M-vehicle design axle weight, unit t
A-the larger of the nominal starting acceleration and braking acceleration of the vehicle, unit m/s 2
D, the rolling circle diameter of the elastic wheel is in mm;
Step two, a load cyclic test spectrum is drawn up, namely, a load cyclic loading test spectrum is built according to the load monitoring big data and the statistical analysis under the actual running condition of the elastic wheels in the following sequence:
first start-applying radial force and circumferential torque to gradually increase the relative rotational speed of the elastic wheels from 0 to a highest relative rotational speed corresponding to a highest vehicle speed at a predetermined start acceleration;
The first straight line, which is to maintain radial force and release circumferential torque, maintains the highest relative rotation speed in 50% -70% of single load circulation loading mileage;
first braking, namely maintaining radial force, applying circumferential torque, and gradually reducing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from the highest relative rotation speed to 0 at a preset braking acceleration;
Second start-applying radial force and circumferential torque to gradually increase the relative rotational speed of the elastic wheels from 0 to a curve relative rotational speed corresponding to a predetermined curve through the average vehicle speed at a predetermined start acceleration;
simulating a curve, namely maintaining radial force, applying axial force on the inner side of the rim, relieving circumferential torque, and maintaining the relative rotating speed of the curve in 20% -40% of single load circulation loading mileage;
The second straight line, namely, maintaining radial force, relieving axial force on the inner side of the rim, and gradually reducing the relative rotating speed of the elastic wheels from the curve relative rotating speed to the switch relative rotating speed corresponding to the average speed of a preset switch;
simulating a turnout, namely maintaining radial force, applying axial force on the back side of a rim, and maintaining the relative rotating speed of the turnout in 2% -8% of single load circulation loading mileage;
Second braking, namely, maintaining radial force, relieving axial force on the back side of the rim, applying circumferential torque, and gradually reducing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from the turnout relative rotation speed to 0 at a preset braking acceleration;
the single load cycle loading mileage above is calculated as follows:
Scycle=10-6πDN/n
In the middle of
S cycle -single load cyclic loading mileage, unit km
D-diameter of elastic wheel rolling circle, unit mm
N-number of fatigue loads (number of wheel rotations) borne by the elastic wheel, the range of values is 10 6—108, unit: secondary times
N-total times of applying a complete load cycle test spectrum in actual need in the rolling fatigue test process of the elastic wheel, wherein the value range is 10000-50000, and the unit is: secondary times;
Step three, a load cyclic loading device is established, wherein the load cyclic loading device comprises a rolling track wheel supported on a basic rack, a sample elastic wheel contacted with the rolling track wheel, and a control unit; the rail head section of the rolling rail wheel is consistent with the actual rail section; the elastic sample wheel is supported on the sliding platform; the sliding platform and the basic rack form a radial moving pair and an axial moving pair which are overlapped up and down through the displacement regulating device; the radial moving pair and the axial moving pair are respectively connected with the radial loading mechanism and the axial loading mechanism, and the sample elastic wheel is provided with a rotary inertia counterweight and a braking mechanism which are configured according to circumferential torque; the sliding platform is provided with non-contact radial and axial displacement sensors for monitoring deformation of the elastic wheels of the test sample;
The corresponding control output ends of the control unit are respectively connected with the displacement adjusting device, the radial loading mechanism, the axial loading mechanism, the braking mechanism and the controlled end of the inertial mass simulation device, and are used for respectively controlling the radial force born by the elastic sample wheel, the axial force on the inner side of the rim, the axial force on the back side of the rim and the starting braking torque, and applying test load according to a planned load cycle test spectrum;
step four, collecting load test data, namely loading and collecting data according to the following sequence:
Firstly, testing initial static stiffness, namely loading radial force, axial force at the inner side of a rim and axial force at the back side of the rim from zero to rated value in sequence under the initial static state of the elastic wheel of the sample, and collecting displacement data of a corresponding radial displacement sensor and an axial sensor; calculating initial radial rigidity and initial axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample according to the change slope of the radial force and the change slope of the axial force relative to the tire displacement of the elastic wheel of the test sample;
Step two, rolling fatigue cyclic loading, namely carrying out cyclic loading test on the elastic wheel of the sample for a preset number of times by means of a control unit according to the load cyclic test spectrum planned in the step two;
Thirdly, final static stiffness test, namely loading radial force, axial force at the inner side of the rim and axial force at the back side of the rim from zero to rated value in sequence under the brake static state of the elastic wheel of the sample, and collecting displacement data of the corresponding radial displacement sensor and the axial sensor; calculating final radial rigidity and final axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample after rolling fatigue test according to the change slope of the radial force and the change slope of the axial force relative to the tire displacement of the elastic wheel of the test sample;
Step five, obtaining a fatigue test judgment conclusion, namely taking the absolute value obtained by dividing the final radial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample by the initial radial rigidity as a radial fatigue test value, and taking the absolute value obtained by dividing the final axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample by the initial axial rigidity as an axial fatigue test value; and judging whether the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel meets the standard according to whether the radial fatigue test value and the axial fatigue test value exceed the preset fatigue threshold value.
According to the invention, a scientific load cyclic loading test spectrum is established according to the load monitoring big data and the statistical analysis under the actual running condition of the elastic wheel, so that the actual running state of the elastic wheel can be truly simulated by means of the load cyclic loading device, scientific basis required by research works such as design, improvement and the like can be obtained through the test, and whether the rolling fatigue strength of an elastic link in the elastic wheel is qualified can be judged, thereby expanding the application of the test device into test equipment.
The invention is further improved by preloading the specimen elastic wheel in the following order before the first step is performed
1) First linear preloading-applying a radial force to gradually increase the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheel from 0 to a rotation speed corresponding to 20km/h with a predetermined starting acceleration, the relative rotation mileage reaching 0.2km;
2) The first curve is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, the axial force on the inner side of the wheel rim is applied, and the relative rotation mileage corresponding to 20km/h reaches 0.2km;
3) The second straight line is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, the axial force on the inner side of the rim is released, and the relative rotation mileage of the second straight line reaches 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h;
4) The first bifurcation is preloaded, the radial force is kept, the axial force on the back side of the rim is applied, and the relative rotation mileage is up to 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h;
5) And the third straight line is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, and the axial force on the back side of the rim is released, so that the relative rotation mileage reaches 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h.
Before the formal cyclic test is carried out for a preset number of times according to the formulated load cyclic test spectrum, the elastic wheel is preloaded and run, so that the vibration damping rubber can be fully self-adaptive in the precompression cavity, the Mullins effect is eliminated, and the initial static stiffness test data is more consistent with the actual working state.
The load cyclic loading device is arranged in the high-low temperature environment simulation device, so that the influence of the environment temperature on the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel can be measured according to the requirement.
In a word, the invention has the beneficial effects that the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel under different running speeds, different axle weights and different line conditions can be tested, the influence of the train speed, the line state, the vehicle axle weight and the like on the fatigue performance of the elastic wheel and the evolution rule of related dynamic performances can be deeply studied, the fatigue damage characteristics and failure modes of the elastic wheel under the line vehicle conditions can be mastered, the research and development of the elastic wheel and the effectiveness of improved optimization measures can be improved, and meanwhile, the invention plays an important guiding role on the research on the service and the application maintenance technology of the elastic wheel.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples given in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an elastic wheel.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of the rim stress of an elastic wheel.
Fig. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic structural views of the elastic wheel in the straight rail, curved rail and turnout state and track relationship respectively.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a load circulation loading apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a bottom view of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an inertial mass simulation apparatus.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a control unit of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an elastic wheel stiffness curve.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The rolling fatigue test method for the elastic wheel comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step one, determining load type
When the elastic wheel runs, the wheel rim bears bending alternating load, and the rubber vibration reduction elements mainly bear radial, axial and circumferential tangential alternating load in sequence. It is known that the elastic wheel is subjected to load force during operation (see fig. 3), and is mainly subjected to radial force Fz during operation, and the stress points can be Fz1, fz2 or Fz3 according to different operation states; the axial force Fy, the stress point due to the running state change, may be Fy2 or Fy3; and circumferential torque Mt under start and brake conditions. In combination with fig. 4, 5 and 6, the rim 1-2 of the elastic wheel 1 rolls relatively to the rolling track 2, and the guard rail flange 2-2 is arranged on one side of the track profile 2-1 in the shape of a real tread, in the actual running process, when the elastic wheel 1 is in a straight running working condition, the relative positions of the elastic wheel 1 and the rolling track 2 are shown in fig. 4, and when the elastic wheel 1 is in a curve passing working condition and a turnout passing working condition, the relative positions of the elastic wheel 1 and the rolling track 2 are shown in fig. 5 and 6 respectively.
Based on the analysis, according to the elastic wheel and the track structure, the load of the elastic wheel under the actual running condition is reflected by the radial force Fz parallel to the radial direction of the wheel, the rim inner side axial force Fy2 parallel to the axial direction, the rim back side axial force Fy3 parallel to the axial direction and the circumferential torque Mt, wherein
Radial force rating fz=1.25q (1)
Rim inboard axial force rating fy2=0.7q (2)
Rim backside axial force rating fy3=0.42Q (3)
Circumferential torque rating mt=ma×d/2 (4)
In the middle of
Q—maximum vertical static load carried by elastic wheel, unit kN, q=1/2 mg
M-vehicle design axle weight, unit t
A-the larger of the nominal starting acceleration and braking acceleration of the vehicle, typically in the range 0.5-2, units m/s 2
D, the rolling circle diameter of the elastic wheel is in mm.
Step two, a load cycle test spectrum is drawn up
According to the load monitoring big data and statistical analysis under the actual running condition of the elastic wheel, a load cyclic loading test spectrum (see table 1) is established according to the following sequence:
1) First starting, namely applying radial force and circumferential torque, and gradually increasing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from 0 to the highest relative rotation speed corresponding to the highest vehicle speed V ope at a preset starting acceleration, wherein the value range of V ope is 60km/h-160km/h;
2) The first straight line, which is to maintain radial force and release circumferential torque, maintains the highest relative rotation speed in 60% (optional range 50% -70%) of single load cycle loading mileage;
3) First braking, namely maintaining radial force, applying circumferential torque, and gradually reducing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from the highest relative rotation speed to 0 at a preset braking acceleration degree;
4) Secondly starting, namely applying radial force and circumferential torque, and gradually increasing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from 0 to the curve relative rotation speed corresponding to a preset curve through the average vehicle speed V curve at preset starting acceleration, wherein the value range of V curve is 20km/h-120km/h;
5) Simulating a curve, namely, maintaining radial force, applying axial force on the inner side of the rim, relieving circumferential torque, and maintaining the curve relative rotating speed of the curve passing the average vehicle speed V curve through a single load circulation loading mileage maintaining curve at 30% (optional range 20% -40%);
6) The second straight line, namely, maintaining radial force and relieving axial force on the inner side of the rim, wherein the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels is gradually reduced from the curve relative rotation speed to the switch relative rotation speed corresponding to the preset switch passing average speed V switch by single load circulation loading mileage of 5% (optional range 2% -8%), and the value range of V switch is 20km/h-120km/h;
7) Simulating a turnout, namely maintaining radial force, applying axial force on the back side of a rim, and maintaining the turnout relative rotating speed of the turnout through an average vehicle speed V switch in single load circulation loading mileage of 5% (optional range of 2% -8%);
8) Second braking, namely, maintaining radial force, relieving axial force on the back side of the rim, applying circumferential torque, and gradually reducing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from the turnout relative rotation speed to 0 at a preset braking acceleration;
table 1 load cycle for rolling fatigue test of elastic wheels
The single load cycle loading mileage above is calculated as follows:
Scycle＝10-6πDN/n
In the middle of
S cycle -single load cyclic loading mileage, unit km
D-diameter of elastic wheel rolling circle, unit mm
N—number of fatigue loads (number of wheel rotations) to which the elastic wheel is subjected, 10 7 (range of values 10 6—108), unit: secondary times
N-the total number of times the full load cycle test spectrum (from step 1) to step 8) is actually required to be applied in the rolling fatigue test process of the elastic wheel; based on the actual running condition of the vehicle and the total test time, the single load cyclic loading mileage is controlled to be 1 km/time in general, so n is 20000 (the value range is 10000-50000), and the unit is: and twice.
Step three, establishing a load cyclic loading device
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the load circulation loading device of the present embodiment includes a rolling rail wheel 2 supported on a base gantry, a specimen elastic wheel 1 in contact therewith, and a control unit shown in fig. 10. The rail head section of the rolling rail wheel 2 is consistent with the actual rail section, the sample elastic wheel 1 is supported on a sliding platform, the sliding platform and a basic rack form a radial moving pair and an axial moving pair which are overlapped up and down through a displacement regulating device, the radial moving pair and the axial moving pair are respectively connected with a radial loading mechanism 3 and an axial loading mechanism 4 which are fixed on the basic rack, the sample elastic wheel 1 is provided with an inertial mass simulation device 7 and a braking mechanism 6 which are configured according to the axle weight and the circumferential torque of the vehicle, the sliding platform is provided with a non-contact radial displacement sensor 5 and an axial displacement sensor which are used for monitoring the deformation of the sample elastic wheel, and a high-low temperature environment simulation device 8 is also configured so as to simulate the fatigue performance of the elastic wheel under different running environment temperatures and braking working conditions by changing the test environment temperature.
As shown in FIG. 9, the inertial mass simulation device 7 mainly comprises an adjustable speed motor 7-1, an elastic coupler 7-2, a speed reducer 7-3, a clutch 7-4, a fixed inertial flywheel 7-5 and the like which are supported on a sliding platform 9. When the elastic wheel is tested to start braking, the speed-adjustable motor control system 7-6 controls the speed-adjustable motor 7-1 to automatically output specific moment and rotation speed according to circumferential torque required to be applied, and the moment of inertia provided by the fixed inertia flywheel 7-5 and the inertia load born by the elastic wheel under the actual running condition are provided together to realize the starting braking state simulating the actual running condition of the elastic wheel. 1-6 are axles of test spring wheels.
After the control unit inputs preset parameters such as radial force rated value, axial force rated value, circumferential torque rated value, maximum vehicle speed, various test rolling mileage and the like, the corresponding control output ends are respectively connected with the displacement adjusting device, the radial loading mechanism, the axial loading mechanism, the braking mechanism and the controlled end of the inertia mass simulation device, and are used for respectively controlling the radial force born by the elastic sample wheel, the axial force on the inner side of the rim, the axial force on the back side of the rim, the starting braking torque and applying test load according to a formulated load cycle test spectrum.
The detailed description will not be given as it is not difficult for a person skilled in the art to realize the required load cyclic loading means with reference to the prior art (201611252554.6) or according to the description above.
Step four, collecting load test data
Before the formal test, the test pieces were preloaded in the following order (see Table 2)
1) First linear preloading-applying a radial force to gradually increase the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheel from 0 to a rotation speed corresponding to 20km/h with a predetermined starting acceleration, the relative rotation mileage reaching 0.2km;
2) The first curve is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, the axial force on the inner side of the wheel rim is applied, and the relative rotation mileage corresponding to 20km/h reaches 0.2km;
3) The second straight line is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, the axial force on the inner side of the rim is released, and the relative rotation mileage of the second straight line reaches 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h;
4) The first bifurcation is preloaded, the radial force is kept, the axial force on the back side of the rim is applied, and the relative rotation mileage is up to 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h;
5) And the third straight line is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, and the axial force on the back side of the rim is released, so that the relative rotation mileage reaches 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h.
So that the elastic wheel runs in advance, the temperature is controlled to be 5-35 ℃, the vibration damping rubber is fully regulated in the precompression cavity, and the Mullins effect of the vibration damping rubber is eliminated. The pre-loading speed V pre is preferably controlled within 20km/h, and the total pre-loading mileage is preferably controlled within 10 km.
Table 2 elastic wheel Rolling fatigue preloading
And then carrying out a formal loading test of the following steps and collecting data:
Firstly, testing initial static stiffness, namely loading radial force, axial force on the inner side of a rim and axial force on the back side of the rim from zero to rated value in sequence under the initial static state of the elastic wheel of the sample, and collecting displacement data of a corresponding radial displacement sensor and an axial sensor; and calculating the initial radial rigidity and the initial axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample according to the change slope of the radial force and the change slope of the axial force relative to the tire displacement of the elastic wheel of the test sample.
And step two, rolling fatigue cyclic loading, namely carrying out cyclic loading test on the elastic sample wheel for a preset number of times by means of the control unit according to the load cyclic test spectrum drawn in the step two (and monitoring the change condition of each performance parameter of the elastic sample wheel in the test process).
Thirdly, final static stiffness test, namely loading radial force, axial force at the inner side of the rim and axial force at the back side of the rim from zero to rated value in sequence under the brake static state of the elastic wheel of the sample, and collecting displacement data of the corresponding radial displacement sensor and the axial sensor; and calculating the final radial rigidity and the final axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample after the rolling fatigue test according to the change slope of the radial force and the change slope of the axial force relative to the tire displacement of the elastic wheel of the test sample. In theory, the deformation displacement of the elastic wheel rim and the loading amount are in a linear relationship, and in a specific test, the stiffness curve of the elastic wheel shown in fig. 11 can be plotted by using the average value of test data of a plurality of times (for example, 3 times), wherein the longitudinal and transverse coordinates in the figure are respectively the loading amount and the deformation position, F m、F0 is respectively the maximum and minimum load, F1 and F2 are respectively the minimum and maximum load plus and minus a preset excess value (5%) S1 and S2 are respectively the stiffness value k= (F2-F1)/(S2-S1) of the elastic wheel rim corresponding to the deformation displacement of F1 and F2 of the elastic wheel rim.
Fourth, checking the state and detecting the flaw, namely decomposing the elastic wheel of the sample, observing the surface states of the elastic wheel and the vibration reduction rubber element, and detecting the flaw of the metal part.
Step five, obtaining a fatigue test judgment conclusion
The method comprises the steps of taking the absolute value of the final radial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample divided by the initial radial rigidity as a radial fatigue test value, and taking the absolute value of the final axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample divided by the initial axial rigidity as an axial fatigue test value; judging whether the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel meets the standard or not according to whether the radial fatigue test value and the axial fatigue test value exceed the preset fatigue threshold value, and usually not more than 25%. The test elastic wheel is decomposed, and if the damage such as the occurrence of cracks on metal parts or obvious cracks on vibration damping rubber is found, the test elastic wheel is judged to be unsatisfactory.
In the test process, if the fatigue performance of the elastic wheel in a special temperature environment is required to be checked, the high-low temperature environment simulation device can be started to realize.
Experiments show that by adopting the method of the embodiment, through applying radial force, axial force and starting braking torque born in the actual running process to the elastic wheels of the test sample, changing various conditions affecting the fatigue performance of the elastic wheels such as rolling speed of the elastic wheels of the test sample and the like, scientific simulation tests can be carried out, accurate test data can be obtained, thereby laying a solid foundation for the optimal design and manufacture of the elastic wheels and quality evaluation, ensuring the safe and reliable running of the elastic wheels under the actual line condition, creating conditions for deep system research on the fatigue performance of the elastic wheels and relevant dynamic performance evolution rules such as train speed, line state, vehicle axle weight and the like, and playing an important guiding role in mastering the fatigue damage characteristics and failure modes of the elastic wheels under the line vehicle conditions, improving the research and development of the elastic wheels and improving the effectiveness of optimization measures.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The rolling fatigue test method for the elastic wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one, determining the load type, namely reflecting the load applied to the elastic wheel under the actual running condition according to the elastic wheel and the track structure by radial force parallel to the radial direction of the wheel, axial force on the inner side of the rim parallel to the axial direction, axial force on the back side of the rim parallel to the axial direction and circumferential torque, wherein the elastic wheel is provided with a plurality of elastic wheels, wherein the elastic wheels are provided with a plurality of elastic wheels
Radial force rating fz=1.25Q
Rim inboard axial force rating fy2=0.7q
Rim backside axial force rating fy3=0.42Q
Circumferential torque rating mt=ma×d/2
In the middle of
Q—maximum vertical static load carried by elastic wheel, unit kN, q=1/2 mg
M-vehicle design axle weight, unit t
A-the larger of the nominal starting acceleration and braking acceleration of the vehicle, unit m/s 2
D, the rolling circle diameter of the elastic wheel is in mm;
Step two, a load cyclic test spectrum is drawn up, namely, a load cyclic loading test spectrum is built according to the load monitoring big data and the statistical analysis under the actual running condition of the elastic wheels in the following sequence:
first start-applying radial force and circumferential torque to gradually increase the relative rotational speed of the elastic wheels from 0 to a highest relative rotational speed corresponding to a highest vehicle speed at a predetermined start acceleration;
The first straight line, which is to maintain radial force and release circumferential torque, maintains the highest relative rotation speed in 50% -70% of single load circulation loading mileage;
first braking, namely maintaining radial force, applying circumferential torque, and gradually reducing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from the highest relative rotation speed to 0 at a preset braking acceleration;
Second start-applying radial force and circumferential torque to gradually increase the relative rotational speed of the elastic wheels from 0 to a curve relative rotational speed corresponding to a predetermined curve through the average vehicle speed at a predetermined start acceleration;
simulating a curve, namely maintaining radial force, applying axial force on the inner side of the rim, relieving circumferential torque, and maintaining the relative rotating speed of the curve in 20% -40% of single load circulation loading mileage;
The second straight line, namely, maintaining radial force, relieving axial force on the inner side of the rim, and gradually reducing the relative rotating speed of the elastic wheels from the curve relative rotating speed to the switch relative rotating speed corresponding to the average speed of a preset switch;
simulating a turnout, namely maintaining radial force, applying axial force on the back side of a rim, and maintaining the relative rotating speed of the turnout in 2% -8% of single load circulation loading mileage;
Second braking, namely, maintaining radial force, relieving axial force on the back side of the rim, applying circumferential torque, and gradually reducing the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheels from the turnout relative rotation speed to 0 at a preset braking acceleration;
the single load cycle loading mileage above is calculated as follows:
Scycle=10-6πDN/n
In the middle of
S cycle -single load cyclic loading mileage, unit km
D-diameter of elastic wheel rolling circle, unit mm
N-number of times of fatigue load born by elastic wheels, the value range is 10 6—108, unit: secondary times
N-total times of applying a complete load cycle test spectrum in actual need in the rolling fatigue test process of the elastic wheel, wherein the value range is 10000-50000, and the unit is: secondary times;
Step three, a load cyclic loading device is established, wherein the load cyclic loading device comprises a rolling track wheel supported on a basic rack, a sample elastic wheel contacted with the rolling track wheel, and a control unit; the rail head section of the rolling rail wheel is consistent with the actual rail section; the elastic sample wheel is supported on the sliding platform; the sliding platform and the basic rack form a radial moving pair and an axial moving pair which are overlapped up and down through the displacement regulating device; the radial moving pair and the axial moving pair are respectively connected with the radial loading mechanism and the axial loading mechanism, and the sample elastic wheel is provided with a rotary inertia counterweight and a braking mechanism which are configured according to circumferential torque; the sliding platform is provided with non-contact radial and axial displacement sensors for monitoring deformation of the elastic wheels of the test sample;
The corresponding control output ends of the control unit are respectively connected with the displacement adjusting device, the radial loading mechanism, the axial loading mechanism, the braking mechanism and the controlled end of the inertial mass simulation device, and are used for respectively controlling the radial force born by the elastic sample wheel, the axial force on the inner side of the rim, the axial force on the back side of the rim and the starting braking torque, and applying test load according to a planned load cycle test spectrum;
step four, collecting load test data, namely loading and collecting data according to the following sequence:
Firstly, testing initial static stiffness, namely loading radial force, axial force at the inner side of a rim and axial force at the back side of the rim from zero to rated value in sequence under the initial static state of the elastic wheel of the sample, and collecting displacement data of a corresponding radial displacement sensor and an axial sensor; calculating initial radial rigidity and initial axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample according to the change slope of the radial force and the change slope of the axial force relative to the tire displacement of the elastic wheel of the test sample;
Step two, rolling fatigue cyclic loading, namely carrying out cyclic loading test on the elastic wheel of the sample for a preset number of times by means of a control unit according to the load cyclic test spectrum planned in the step two;
Thirdly, final static stiffness test, namely loading radial force, axial force at the inner side of the rim and axial force at the back side of the rim from zero to rated value in sequence under the brake static state of the elastic wheel of the sample, and collecting displacement data of the corresponding radial displacement sensor and the axial sensor; calculating final radial rigidity and final axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample after rolling fatigue test according to the change slope of the radial force and the change slope of the axial force relative to the tire displacement of the elastic wheel of the test sample;
Step five, obtaining a fatigue test judgment conclusion, namely taking the absolute value obtained by dividing the final radial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample by the initial radial rigidity as a radial fatigue test value, and taking the absolute value obtained by dividing the final axial rigidity of the elastic wheel of the test sample by the initial axial rigidity as an axial fatigue test value; and judging whether the fatigue resistance of the elastic wheel meets the standard according to whether the radial fatigue test value and the axial fatigue test value exceed the preset fatigue threshold value.
2. The elastic wheel rolling fatigue test method according to claim 1, wherein: the first step is preceded by preloading the specimen elastic wheels in the following order
1) First linear preloading-applying a radial force to gradually increase the relative rotation speed of the elastic wheel from 0 to a rotation speed corresponding to 20km/h with a predetermined starting acceleration, the relative rotation mileage reaching 0.2km;
2) The first curve is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, the axial force on the inner side of the wheel rim is applied, and the relative rotation mileage corresponding to 20km/h reaches 0.2km;
3) The second straight line is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, the axial force on the inner side of the rim is released, and the relative rotation mileage of the second straight line reaches 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h;
4) The first bifurcation is preloaded, the radial force is kept, the axial force on the back side of the rim is applied, and the relative rotation mileage is up to 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h;
5) And the third straight line is preloaded, the radial force is maintained, and the axial force on the back side of the rim is released, so that the relative rotation mileage reaches 0.2km at the corresponding rotation speed of 20 km/h.
3. The elastic wheel rolling fatigue test method according to claim 2, wherein: and step three, configuring a high-low temperature environment simulation device.
4. A method of rolling fatigue testing of an elastic wheel according to claim 3, wherein: and the third step is followed by a fourth step of inspecting the state and detecting the flaw, namely decomposing the elastic wheel of the sample, observing the surface states of the elastic wheel and the vibration reduction rubber element, and detecting the flaw of the metal part.
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