CN111998986A - Stratum pressure sensor based on graphene - Google Patents

Stratum pressure sensor based on graphene Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111998986A
CN111998986A CN202011018682.0A CN202011018682A CN111998986A CN 111998986 A CN111998986 A CN 111998986A CN 202011018682 A CN202011018682 A CN 202011018682A CN 111998986 A CN111998986 A CN 111998986A
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shell
graphene
elastic membrane
pressure sensor
fixing rod
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庞小朝
洪成雨
顾问天
王康任
肖文海
付连著
徐玉胜
江辉煌
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Academy Of Iron Sciences Shenzhen Research And Design Institute Co ltd
Shenzhen University
China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
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Academy Of Iron Sciences Shenzhen Research And Design Institute Co ltd
Shenzhen University
China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/02—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
    • G01L9/04—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a graphene-based formation pressure sensor, which comprises: the device comprises a shell, wherein two force measuring structures are symmetrically arranged in the shell, one force measuring structure is arranged on the inner top surface of the shell, the other force measuring structure is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the shell, the force measuring structures comprise deformation transmission rods connected to the inner top surface or the inner bottom surface of the shell, elastic membranes horizontally arranged between the inner walls of the shell, the elastic membranes are in contact with the end parts of the deformation transmission rods, graphene thin films are arranged on the surfaces, departing from the end parts of the deformation transmission rods, of the elastic membranes, and electrodes are arranged on the surfaces, departing from the elastic membranes; the two ends of the elastic membrane are provided with electric signal transmission structures which are connected with the electrodes through wires, and the elastic membrane also comprises a groove which is arranged at the bottom of the shell; and the soil retaining and water permeable structure is arranged in the groove and used for preventing fine particles of the stratum soil body from entering the groove to extrude the bottom of the shell. The device can adjust the measuring range and the resolution ratio of the sensor, can simultaneously detect the total pressure of soil and water and the pressure of pore water, and is worthy of popularization.

Description

一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器A graphene-based formation pressure sensor

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及传感器技术领域，特别涉及一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器。The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a graphene-based formation pressure sensor.

背景技术Background technique

压力传感器是工业实践中常用的一种传感器，其广泛应用于各种工业自控环境，涉及水利水电、铁路交通、智能建筑、生产自控、航空航天、军工、石化、油井、电力、船舶、机床、管道等众多行业。岩土及地下工程领域中，地层压力是十分重要的设计、施工、运维参数，其中最为关注的是地层的水土总压力以及孔隙水压力，同时测得两者，可以得到地层土骨架的有效应力，进而判断土体固结状态、强度水平等关键信息。Pressure sensor is a kind of sensor commonly used in industrial practice. It is widely used in various industrial automation environments, involving water conservancy and hydropower, railway transportation, intelligent buildings, production automation, aerospace, military, petrochemical, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines and many other industries. In the field of geotechnical and underground engineering, formation pressure is a very important parameter for design, construction, operation and maintenance, among which the most concerned are the total water and soil pressure and pore water pressure of the formation. stress, and then determine key information such as soil consolidation state and strength level.

现有技术中，虽然能对压力进行测量，但没有一种能同时测得地层水土总压力以及孔隙水压力的压力传感器。In the prior art, although the pressure can be measured, there is no pressure sensor capable of simultaneously measuring the total water and soil pressure of the formation and the pore water pressure.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是提供一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，在于现有的传感器不能实现传感器的量程以及最小分辨率的灵活调节，不能同时测得地层水土总压力以及孔隙水压力。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graphene-based formation pressure sensor, which is that the existing sensor cannot realize the flexible adjustment of the sensor range and the minimum resolution, and cannot simultaneously measure the formation total water and soil pressure and pore water pressure.

本发明的技术方案是：一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，包括：The technical scheme of the present invention is: a graphene-based formation pressure sensor, comprising:

壳体；case;

两个测力结构，沿壳体的中心对称设置在壳体的内顶面和内底面，包括：Two force measuring structures, symmetrically arranged on the inner top surface and inner bottom surface of the shell along the center of the shell, include:

变形传递杆，其一端对应连接在壳体的内顶面或者内底面；A deformation transmission rod, one end of which is correspondingly connected to the inner top surface or inner bottom surface of the shell;

弹性膜，水平的设置在壳体的内壁之间，其一面和变形传递杆背离内顶面或者内底面的端部接触；The elastic membrane is horizontally arranged between the inner walls of the casing, and one side of the elastic membrane is in contact with the end of the deformation transmission rod facing away from the inner top surface or the inner bottom surface;

石墨烯薄膜，设置在弹性膜背离变形传递杆端部的一面；The graphene film is arranged on the side of the elastic film away from the end of the deformation transmission rod;

电极，设置在石墨烯薄膜背离弹性膜的一面；The electrode is arranged on the side of the graphene film away from the elastic film;

电信号传递结构，选用导电材料，连接在弹性膜相对的两端和壳体内壁之间，通过导线和电极连接；The electrical signal transmission structure is made of conductive materials, which are connected between the opposite ends of the elastic membrane and the inner wall of the shell, and are connected with electrodes through wires;

还包括凹槽，开设在壳体底部；It also includes a groove, which is opened at the bottom of the shell;

挡土透水结构，设置在凹槽内，用以防止地层土体细颗粒在地层压力下进入凹槽挤压壳体底部。The soil-retaining and permeable structure is arranged in the groove to prevent the fine particles of the stratum soil from entering the groove and pressing the bottom of the shell under the pressure of the stratum.

优选地，电信号传递结构包括固定杆，固定杆一端连接在壳体的内壁上，固定杆的另一端和弹性膜连接，其中一个固定杆背离弹性膜的一端穿出壳体的侧壁延伸到壳体外，且固定杆的延伸段上设置有调节结构，调节结构用于调节弹性膜及石墨烯薄膜的拉伸率。Preferably, the electrical signal transmission structure includes a fixing rod, one end of the fixing rod is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the other end of the fixing rod is connected to the elastic membrane, wherein one end of the fixing rod facing away from the elastic membrane penetrates the side wall of the housing and extends to An adjustment structure is arranged on the extending section of the fixing rod outside the casing, and the adjustment structure is used to adjust the stretch rate of the elastic film and the graphene film.

优选地，调节结构包括穿设出壳体的固定杆上设置的一段螺纹以及套装在固定杆上的螺母。Preferably, the adjusting structure includes a thread provided on the fixing rod passing through the housing and a nut sleeved on the fixing rod.

优选地，弹性膜和固定杆、石墨烯薄膜均通过环氧树脂粘接，石墨烯薄膜和电极也通过环氧树脂粘接。Preferably, the elastic film, the fixing rod and the graphene film are all bonded by epoxy resin, and the graphene film and the electrode are also bonded by epoxy resin.

优选地，螺母上设置有刻度。Preferably, a scale is provided on the nut.

优选地，挡土透水结构包括固定在凹槽内的板体，板体上开设有多个用于地层孔隙水通过并防止地层土体颗粒通过的孔隙通道。Preferably, the soil-retaining and water-permeable structure includes a plate body fixed in the groove, and a plurality of pore channels for the passage of formation pore water and preventing formation soil particles from passing through are opened on the plate body.

本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1、本发明提供的一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，能大规模使用。1. A graphene-based formation pressure sensor provided by the present invention can be used on a large scale.

2、本发明提供的一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，通过调节结构能改变本装置的测量量程和分辨率。2. A graphene-based formation pressure sensor provided by the present invention can change the measurement range and resolution of the device by adjusting the structure.

3、本发明提供的一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，通过变形传递杆将地层水土总压力和孔隙水压力导致的表面变形传递到石墨烯薄膜上，通过石墨烯薄膜上的电极将同时能测得地层中的水土总压力以及孔隙水压力，也能用于常规压力传感器应用场景的压力测量，值得推广。3. A graphene-based formation pressure sensor provided by the present invention transmits the surface deformation caused by the total formation water and soil pressure and pore water pressure to the graphene film through the deformation transfer rod, and the electrodes on the graphene film can simultaneously The measured total water and soil pressure and pore water pressure in the formation can also be used for pressure measurement in conventional pressure sensor application scenarios, which is worthy of promotion.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的整体结构的剖视图；Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

图2为本发明的整体结构的立体图。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图1到附图2，对本发明的一个具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 , but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.

实施例1Example 1

本发明实施例提供了提供了一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，如图1所示，包括：壳体1，在壳体1内沿壳体1的中心对称设置有两个测力结构，其中一个设置在壳体1的内顶面，另一个设置在壳体1的内底面。An embodiment of the present invention provides a graphene-based formation pressure sensor, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising: a casing 1, and two force measuring structures are symmetrically arranged in the casing 1 along the center of the casing 1, One of them is arranged on the inner top surface of the housing 1 , and the other is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the housing 1 .

其中，测力结构，包括：其一端对应连接在壳体1的内顶面或者内底面变形传递杆8，水平的设置在壳体1内壁之间的弹性膜7，弹性膜7的一面和变形传递杆8背离内顶面或者内底面的端部接触，弹性膜7背离变形传递杆8端部的一面设置有石墨烯薄膜6，石墨烯薄膜6背离弹性膜7的一面设置有电极5；弹性膜7的相对两端设置有电信号传递结构，电信号传递结构连接在弹性膜7端部和壳体1内壁之间，电信号传递结构选用导电材料，电信号传递结构的一端通过导线和电极5连接，电信号传递结构的另一端和读数设备连接形成回路。Among them, the force measuring structure includes: one end of which is correspondingly connected to the inner top surface or inner bottom surface of the casing 1 deformation transmission rod 8, an elastic film 7 horizontally arranged between the inner walls of the casing 1, one side of the elastic film 7 and the deformation transmission rod 8 The end of the transmission rod 8 away from the inner top surface or the inner bottom surface contacts, the side of the elastic film 7 away from the end of the deformation transmission rod 8 is provided with a graphene film 6, and the side of the graphene film 6 away from the elastic film 7 is provided with an electrode 5; elasticity; The opposite ends of the membrane 7 are provided with an electrical signal transmission structure, the electrical signal transmission structure is connected between the end of the elastic membrane 7 and the inner wall of the housing 1, the electrical signal transmission structure is made of conductive materials, and one end of the electrical signal transmission structure passes through wires and electrodes. 5 is connected, the other end of the electrical signal transmission structure is connected with the reading device to form a loop.

还包括凹槽，开设在壳体1底部；挡土透水结构4，设置在凹槽内，用以防止地层土体细颗粒在地层压力下进入凹槽挤压壳体1底部。It also includes a groove, which is opened at the bottom of the casing 1; a soil-retaining and water-permeable structure 4 is arranged in the groove to prevent fine particles of formation soil from entering the groove and pressing the bottom of the casing 1 under formation pressure.

实施例2Example 2

在实施例1的基础上，如图2所述，电信号传递结构包括固定杆2，固定杆2一端连接在壳体1的内壁上，固定杆2的另一端和弹性膜7连接，其中一个固定杆2背离弹性膜7的一端穿出壳体1的侧壁延伸到壳体1外，为了确定不同拉伸率下的压力传感器所受压力与传感数据之间的关系及调整本装置的测量量程和分辨率，在固定杆2的延伸段上设置调节结构，调节结构用于调节弹性膜7及石墨烯薄膜6的拉伸率。On the basis of Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 2, the electrical signal transmission structure includes a fixing rod 2, one end of the fixing rod 2 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, and the other end of the fixing rod 2 is connected to the elastic membrane 7, one of which is The end of the fixing rod 2 facing away from the elastic membrane 7 penetrates the side wall of the casing 1 and extends to the outside of the casing 1. In order to determine the relationship between the pressure and the sensing data of the pressure sensor under different stretching To measure the range and resolution, an adjustment structure is provided on the extension of the fixed rod 2 , and the adjustment structure is used to adjust the stretch rate of the elastic film 7 and the graphene film 6 .

其中，调节结构包括穿设出壳体1的固定杆2上设置的一段螺纹以及套装在固定杆2上的螺母3。Wherein, the adjustment structure includes a section of thread provided on the fixing rod 2 passing through the housing 1 and a nut 3 sleeved on the fixing rod 2 .

其中，为了保证弹性膜7和固定杆2、石墨烯薄膜6之间连接稳定，弹性膜7和固定杆2、石墨烯薄膜6均通过环氧树脂粘接，石墨烯薄膜6和电极5也通过环氧树脂粘接。Among them, in order to ensure the stable connection between the elastic film 7 and the fixed rod 2 and the graphene film 6, the elastic film 7 and the fixed rod 2 and the graphene film 6 are all bonded by epoxy resin, and the graphene film 6 and the electrode 5 are also bonded by epoxy resin. Epoxy bonding.

其中，为了准确调整弹性膜7及石墨烯薄膜6的拉伸率，在螺母3上设置有刻度。Among them, in order to accurately adjust the stretch rate of the elastic film 7 and the graphene film 6, a scale is provided on the nut 3.

进一步的，为了过并防止地层土体颗粒影响地层孔隙水压力的测定，挡土透水结构4包括固定在凹槽内的板体，板体上开设有多个用于地层孔隙水通过并防止地层土体颗粒通过的孔隙通道。Further, in order to pass and prevent the formation soil particles from affecting the measurement of the formation pore water pressure, the soil and water permeable structure 4 includes a plate body fixed in the groove, and a plurality of plates for the formation pore water to pass through and prevent the formation The pore channels through which soil particles pass.

其中，孔连通凹槽外测量地层与凹槽内的压力量测区，孔的尺寸小于量测地层土体颗粒尺寸，保证地层孔隙水通过并进入凹槽内的压力量测区而土体不进入，从而隔离地层的土压力，使凹槽内压力量测区测量得到地层孔隙水压力。Among them, the hole is connected to the pressure measurement area outside the groove and the pressure measurement area in the groove, and the size of the hole is smaller than the particle size of the measured formation soil, so as to ensure that the formation pore water passes through and enters the pressure measurement area in the groove without soil. Enter, thereby isolating the earth pressure of the formation, so that the pore water pressure of the formation can be measured in the pressure measurement area in the groove.

工作原理working principle

本装置在使用时，传感器顶底面由于外侧压力作用，出现向内弯曲变形，该变形通过变形传递杆传递到弹性膜，最终引起石墨烯薄膜6弯曲变形。石墨烯薄膜6形变导致电阻率等电学特性发生变化，在通电情况下，通过测量不同外侧压力下的石墨烯薄膜电学特性参数，实现压力传感器的压力测量。When the device is in use, the top and bottom surfaces of the sensor undergo inward bending deformation due to external pressure, and the deformation is transmitted to the elastic membrane through the deformation transmission rod, which finally causes the graphene film 6 to bend and deform. The deformation of the graphene film 6 leads to changes in electrical properties such as resistivity. Under the condition of electrification, the pressure measurement of the pressure sensor is realized by measuring the electrical characteristic parameters of the graphene film under different external pressures.

首先用导线一端连接两个固定杆2，另一端连接读数设备，进行仪器两端传感器读数，连接同一石墨烯薄膜6的固定杆2的导线可取一组数据，通过转动刻度盘，使活动杆4移动，从而调整了弹性膜7及石墨烯薄膜6的拉伸率，使不同拉伸率的石墨烯薄膜的弯曲变形微应变电阻率变化值的电学参数不同，进而使对应的压力量测量程及分辨率出现差别，实现调节传感器量程及最小分辨率，通过标定试验得出石墨烯薄膜6不同拉伸率下的压力传感器所受压力与传感数据之间的关系，完成标定工作。First, connect two fixed rods 2 with one end of the wire, and connect the reading device at the other end to read the sensors at both ends of the instrument. The wire connected to the fixed rod 2 of the same graphene film 6 can obtain a set of data. Move, thereby adjusting the stretch rate of the elastic film 7 and the graphene film 6, so that the electrical parameters of the bending deformation micro-strain resistivity change value of the graphene film with different stretch rates are different, and then the corresponding pressure measurement range and When the resolution is different, the sensor range and minimum resolution can be adjusted. Through the calibration test, the relationship between the pressure and the sensing data of the pressure sensor under different stretch rates of the graphene film 6 is obtained, and the calibration work is completed.

在石墨烯薄膜6不同拉伸率下，通过实验得出所加载压力P与收集的数据(X)之间的关系P＝f(X)，将传感器上加载压力P1，线路中电压放大测量设备接收到的示数为X1，将示数代入P＝f(X)，得到压力具体值P1＝f(X1)，从而得到压力，即该压力测出。Under different stretch rates of graphene film 6, the relationship between the loaded pressure P and the collected data (X) is obtained through experiments P=f(X), the pressure P1 is loaded on the sensor, and the voltage amplification measuring device in the line receives The obtained indication is X1, and the indication is substituted into P=f(X) to obtain the specific pressure value P1=f(X1), thereby obtaining the pressure, that is, the pressure is measured.

具体工作时，根据应用场景的地层水土总压力值、孔隙水压力值预估范围，确定传感器的量程及最小分辨率，转动刻度盘进行对应，连接好读数导线，将本装置入测量地层中，顶面测量所得的压力即地层水土总压力，底面测量(有挡土透水结构3一侧)所得压力即孔隙水压力。During specific work, determine the range and minimum resolution of the sensor according to the estimated range of the total stratum water and soil pressure value and pore water pressure value of the application scenario, turn the dial to correspond, connect the reading wire, and insert the device into the measurement stratum. The pressure measured on the top surface is the total water and soil pressure of the formation, and the pressure measured on the bottom surface (the side with the retaining and permeable structure 3) is the pore water pressure.

综上所述，本发明实施例提供的一种基于石墨烯的地层压力传感器，通过调节结构能改变本装置的测量量程和分辨率；通过变形传递杆将地层水土总压力和孔隙水压力传递到石墨烯薄膜上，通过石墨烯薄膜上的电极将同时能测得地层中的水土总压力以及孔隙水压力，也能用于常规压力传感器应用场景的压力测量，值得推广。To sum up, the graphene-based formation pressure sensor provided by the embodiments of the present invention can change the measurement range and resolution of the device by adjusting the structure; On the graphene film, the total water and soil pressure and pore water pressure in the formation can be measured at the same time through the electrodes on the graphene film, and it can also be used for pressure measurement in conventional pressure sensor application scenarios, which is worthy of promotion.

以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例，但是，本发明实施例并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A graphene-based formation pressure sensor, comprising:
a housing (1);
two dynamometry structures, the central symmetry along casing (1) sets up at the interior top surface and the interior bottom surface of casing (1), include:
one end of the deformation transmission rod (8) is correspondingly connected to the inner top surface or the inner bottom surface of the shell (1);
the elastic membrane (7) is horizontally arranged between the inner walls of the shell (1), and one surface of the elastic membrane is contacted with the end part of the deformation transmission rod (8) departing from the inner top surface or the inner bottom surface;
the graphene film (6) is arranged on one surface of the elastic film (7) departing from the end part of the deformation transfer rod (8);
the electrode (5) is arranged on one surface, away from the elastic membrane (7), of the graphene film (6);
the electric signal transmission structure is made of conductive materials, is connected between two opposite ends of the elastic membrane (7) and the inner wall of the shell (1), and is connected with the electrode (5) through a lead;
the groove is formed in the bottom of the shell (1);
and the soil retaining and water permeable structure (4) is arranged in the groove and used for preventing fine particles of the stratum soil from entering the groove to extrude the bottom of the shell (1) under the stratum pressure.
2. The graphene-based formation pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the electric signal transmission structure comprises a fixing rod (2), one end of the fixing rod (2) is connected to the inner wall of the casing (1), the other end of the fixing rod (2) is connected to the elastic membrane (7), one end of one fixing rod (2) away from the elastic membrane (7) penetrates through the side wall of the casing (1) and extends out of the casing (1), and an adjusting structure is arranged on the extending section of the fixing rod (2) and used for adjusting the stretching rate of the elastic membrane (7) and the graphene film (6).
3. The graphene-based formation pressure sensor according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting structure comprises a section of thread arranged on a fixing rod (2) penetrating the housing (1) and a nut (3) sleeved on the fixing rod (2).
4. A graphene-based formation pressure sensor according to claim 3, wherein the elastic membrane (7) and the fixing rod (2) and the graphene film (6) are bonded by epoxy resin, and the graphene film (6) and the electrode (5) are bonded by epoxy resin.
5. A graphene-based formation pressure sensor according to claim 3, wherein the nut (3) is provided with a scale.
6. The graphene-based formation pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the soil and water retaining structure (4) comprises a plate body fixed in the groove, and the plate body is provided with a plurality of pore channels for formation pore water to pass through and preventing formation soil particles from passing through.
CN202011018682.0A 2020-09-24 2020-09-24 Stratum pressure sensor based on graphene Pending CN111998986A (en)

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