CN111996551A - Bottom heat-insulating layer structure of cathode cell of aluminum electrolysis cell - Google Patents
Bottom heat-insulating layer structure of cathode cell of aluminum electrolysis cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111996551A CN111996551A CN202010874170.8A CN202010874170A CN111996551A CN 111996551 A CN111996551 A CN 111996551A CN 202010874170 A CN202010874170 A CN 202010874170A CN 111996551 A CN111996551 A CN 111996551A
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cathode insulating layer structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, which is mainly applied to the design of the aluminum electrolytic cell structure, the manufacture of technical equipment and the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The method is characterized in that: when the bottom of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell is subjected to a heat insulation layer structure, aluminum oxide or electrolyte is used as a construction material for constructing the heat insulation layer between the upper part of the horizontal bottom plate of the shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell and the bottom of the cathode carbon block, so that when the aluminum electrolytic cell is overhauled, the produced overhaul solid waste slag can be directly applied to the production process of electrolytic aluminum without being subjected to harmless process treatment. So as to solve the problem of generating dangerous solid waste slag in the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell from the source, reduce the dangerous solid waste discharge amount of the aluminum electrolytic cell, reduce the dangerous solid waste treatment cost of enterprises and protect the ecological environment.
Description
The technical field is as follows: the cathode insulating layer structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell is mainly applied to design of the aluminum electrolytic cell structure, manufacturing of technical equipment and production of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
Background art: the hearth structure of the existing general aluminum electrolytic cell is constructed by building side furnace wall building blocks, cathode carbon block steel bar groups, a dry type seepage material layer, a heat preservation and insulation refractory brick layer and other building materials in an aluminum electrolytic cell steel shell, thereby forming the cathode hearth molten bath structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
Is constructed in the shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell, at the bottom of the lower surface of the cathode carbon block and between the upper parts of the horizontal bottom plates at the bottom of the cell shell, the construction materials of the heat preservation and insulation layer for preserving the heat of the cathode carbon block are common inorganic refractory materials, namely a dry type seepage material layer, a heat preservation and insulation firebrick heat preservation brick layer and other masonry materials are common inorganic refractory materials, these inorganic refractory materials contain silica, alumina for smelting of non-electrolytic aluminum, and other metal impurities, in the shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the heat preservation and insulation layer at the bottom of the cathode carbon block is arranged in the long-term production process of the aluminum electrolytic cell, due to the impact of the thermal load and the erosion of hydrogen fluoride, metallic sodium and metallic aluminum liquid for a long time, the structure of the heat-insulating layer at the bottom of the cathode of the aluminum electrolytic cell is damaged and chemical erosion is polluted, so that the heat-insulating layer is dissipated or the heat-insulating performance is reduced. Therefore, when the aluminum electrolytic cell is overhauled, it is necessary to clean the spent heat-insulating refractory materials from the electrolytic cell, and rebuild the aluminum electrolytic cell with new heat-insulating construction materials. Can ensure the continuous and stable production of the aluminum electrolytic cell,
The failed aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul slag materials which are cleaned from the overhaul cell and polluted by the fluoride cannot be reused like the anode upper covering materials because the materials contain a large amount of pollution chemical components which form an electrolyte molten salt material chemical system in the aluminum electrolysis cell.
However, since the chemical components of the solid waste materials generated by the major overhaul contain a large amount of hydrogen fluoride substances and other harmful substances, the solid waste materials can seriously pollute the surface environment and the air environment, so that the solid waste materials listed as the dangerous solid waste materials prohibited to be discharged by the nation can be disposed and discharged or recycled only after being subjected to harmless treatment.
Solid waste materials generated by overhaul of the aluminum electrolysis cathode hearth and derived from heat-insulating and heat-preserving refractory materials at the bottom of the hearth are commonly called as aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul solid waste materials or overhaul solid waste residues by the electrolytic aluminum industry, and after the solid waste materials are listed as dangerous waste solid materials by the nation, enterprises need to invest a large amount of capital technology for harmless treatment to discharge and dispose, and the average harmless treatment cost of each ton of overhaul solid waste is about 2000 yuan. However, the overhaul slag of the aluminum electrolytic cell is treated in a harmless way, and a mature, reliable and perfect treatment process is not available up to now.
China is a large electrolytic aluminum production country, a large amount of aluminum cell overhaul waste residues are generated every year, and the existing harmless treatment technology cannot meet the production requirements of electrolytic aluminum enterprises and the standard requirements specified by the national environmental protection policy; the problem becomes a pain point and a short board problem which restrict the development of the electrolytic aluminum industry in China. If the problem is not solved completely, the healthy development of the electrolytic aluminum industry in China is influenced.
The invention content is as follows: in order to thoroughly solve the problem that hazardous waste solid materials pollute the environment when the construction materials of the heat-insulating layer in the tank shell at the bottom of the cathode hearth of the aluminum electrolysis tank are overhauled, reduce the cost of the treatment of the overhauled dangerous solid waste of the aluminum electrolysis enterprise tank and realize the aim that the dangerous solid waste tends to zero emission, the invention provides a structural design and construction technical scheme of the cathode heat-insulating layer of the aluminum electrolysis tank,
the innovative technical scheme of the invention is characterized in that: selecting a material which has no pollution to the chemical components of electrolyte liquid and produced aluminum liquid in a molten pool in an aluminum cell, is matched with an electrolyte chemical system in the molten pool of the aluminum cell, can participate in the thermoelectric chemical reaction of the aluminum cell, and is used as a construction material for constructing a heat-insulating layer of a cathode carbon block of the aluminum cell, namely selecting alumina for aluminum electrolysis production, the electrolyte or alumina aluminum mixed material as a construction material for constructing the heat-insulating layer between the bottom of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum cell and the horizontal bottom of a cell shell; when the electrolytic cell is overhauled, the alumina, the electrolyte or the alumina electrolyte mixture at the position of the heat-insulating layer can be taken out from the bottom of the electrolytic cell of the aluminum electrolytic cell and can be directly used for producing the electrolytic aluminum without innocent treatment. The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following advantages:
1. when the aluminum electrolytic cell is overhauled, the aluminum oxide for producing the electrolytic aluminum, the electrolyte or the mixture of the aluminum oxide and the electrolyte are selected, namely the covering material of the upper part of the anode carbon block is used as the construction material of the constructed insulating layer structure at the bottom of the cathode of the aluminum electrolytic cell, so that the cost of the insulating refractory material for constructing the insulating layer at the bottom of the cathode of the aluminum electrolytic cell can be reduced.
2. The granular materials of the bulk alumina particle powder, the electrolyte material powder or the covering material particle powder are used as the building materials of the bottom heat-insulating layer of the cathode carbon block, and compared with the existing shaped refractory brick structure, the granular bulk materials have the advantages of seamless masonry, low ventilation and perforation rate, low overall structure heat conductivity, high construction efficiency and the like.
3. The bottom heat-insulating layer structure of the cathode carbon block is constructed by adopting a material which is equal to alumina and electrolyte materials used for aluminum electrolysis production and has the same chemical composition, and in the electrolysis production process, if electrolyte liquid and aluminum liquid permeate into the heat-insulating layer through the cathode carbon block, the cathode carbon block and the aluminum oxide and the electrolyte materials at the bottom of the cathode can generate temperature difference and chemical reaction to form hard crusts (equivalent to the displacement inversion of the hard crusts at the top of the anode carbon block and the side furnace wall) so as to prevent the diffusion of liquid and gaseous substances.
4. The solid waste of the heat-insulating layer at the bottom of the cathode of the aluminum electrolytic cell containing fluoride, which is generated during the overhaul of the cell, can be directly used for the production of electrolytic aluminum without a harmless treatment process. Therefore, the treatment cost of the dangerous and solid wastes in the overhaul of the electrolytic aluminum enterprises can be reduced, and the economic benefit of the electrolytic aluminum enterprises is improved. Realizes the green and environment-friendly production of the electrolytic aluminum,
description of the drawings: the technical scheme and the technical characteristics of the heat-insulating layer structure of the bottom of the cathode cell of the aluminum electrolytic cell are clearer through the attached drawings of the specification and the representation of the specific embodiment.
FIG. 1: is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2: is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3: is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The figures show that: (1) the cathode carbon block, (2) cathode steel bar, (3) tank shell, (4) horizontal plate at the bottom of the tank shell, (5) alumina, (6) electrolyte powdery granule, (7) alumina electrolyte mixture, namely covering material, and (8) interlayer steel plate.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the technical scheme of the invention is more clear through the description of the embodiment,
Example 1: as shown in figure 1, when the bottom heat preservation and insulation layer structure of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell is constructed. Alumina powder for electrolytic aluminum production is selected as a construction material.
During construction, alumina powder is uniformly distributed and filled in the horizontal bottom plate of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell and the cell shell at the bottom of the cathode carbon block, and uniformly distributed, tamped and leveled.
The industrial alumina powdery granule not only has the characteristics of low thermal conductivity and high thermal resistance, but also has the characteristic of low porosity after filling and tamping, so that good heat insulation and preservation effects can be obtained.
When the aluminum electrolysis cell is overhauled, the produced alumina material overhauled slag can be used as a production raw material or a covering material without carrying out innocent treatment, and can be directly applied to the production of the aluminum electrolysis cell.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 2, the material for constructing the bottom thermal insulation layer of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolysis cell in the embodiment is electrolyte powdery granules produced by electrolytic aluminum. Hereinafter referred to as "electrolyte".
The "electrolyte" is composed of cryolite, aluminum fluoride and other substances, and is an electrolytic molten layer substance in the aluminum electrolytic cell. Electrolyte liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell is taken out from the electrolytic cell, is condensed to form blocks, and the electrolyte blocks are crushed and screened to prepare powdery particles, so that the structure of the bottom heat-insulating layer of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell can be used, and the structural process method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1.
When the cell is overhauled, the produced electrolyte material overhauled slag can be used as a production raw material or a covering material on the upper part of the anode without carrying out innocent treatment, and can be directly applied to the production of the aluminum cell.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 3, the material for constructing the bottom thermal insulation layer of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolysis cell is a covering material on the upper part of the anode carbon block, which is prepared by mixing alumina and electrolyte and is commonly used in the production of electrolytic aluminum.
The covering material is used as the material for constructing the heat insulating layer at the bottom of the cathode carbon block, and compared with aluminum oxide and electrolyte, the material has the advantages of low cost and the like.
The covering material of the heat-insulating layer of the anode carbon block at the upper part of the aluminum electrolytic cell has physical and chemical properties which can meet the heat-insulating technical conditions of the anode carbon block and an electrolytic bath, and can necessarily meet the heat-insulating technical conditions of the bottom of the cathode carbon block.
Since the covering material can be recycled to participate in the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell without innocent treatment, the covering material can be used as the slag material for the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell and can also be recycled to be applied to the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell without innocent treatment.
Since the covering material can form a covering material hard crust on the upper part of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the covering material can be used as a heat preservation and insulation layer of an electrolytic bath of the aluminum electrolytic cell and can be used as a heat preservation and insulation layer at the bottom of a cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell inevitably.
The construction process method is basically the same as the process of constructing the heat preservation and insulation layer at the bottom of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell by using the alumina powder in the embodiment 1. The coating material particle powder can be of an integral structure or a layered structure.
When the aluminum cell is overhauled, the produced covering material overhauled slag can be directly applied to the production of the aluminum cell and participate in the thermoelectric chemical reaction of the electrolytic aluminum without being subjected to innocent treatment like the covering material on the upper part of the anode carbon block.
As shown in fig. 3, when the cathode carbon block thermal insulation layer is constructed by using alumina, electrolyte and alumina electrolyte mixture powder, in order to improve the thermal insulation balance, ensure the balanced bearing pressure, reduce the penetration rate of airtight gaps and air holes, prevent hydrogen fluoride gas, metal sodium and aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell from penetrating downwards, stabilize the structural performance of the thermal insulation layer, the whole thermal insulation layer between the bottom horizontal plate of the cell shell and the bottom of the cathode carbon block can be constructed in a layered manner.
The structure process is characterized in that: when the structure is layered from the bottom to the top, every layer of alumina powder is filled, a layer of interlayer steel plate is laid on the top of the layer of alumina powder after tamping and leveling, and then the alumina powder is filled and leveled on the interlayer steel plate to construct the previous layer of alumina heat-insulating layer.
Claims (2)
1. The cathode heat-insulating layer structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that: when the bottom of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell is subjected to a heat preservation and insulation layer structure, alumina, electrolyte or alumina and electrolyte mixture for aluminum electrolysis production is selected; as a construction material for constructing the bottom heat-insulating layer of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell, when the cell is overhauled, the alumina and the electrolyte at the heat-insulating layer can be taken out from the electrolytic cell of the aluminum electrolytic cell and can be directly used for producing the electrolytic aluminum without innocent treatment.
2. The aluminum electrolysis cell cathode cell bottom insulation layer structure of claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the bottom of the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell is provided with the heat insulation layer structure, an interlayer steel plate can be arranged in the heat insulation layer.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010874170.8A CN111996551A (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-22 | Bottom heat-insulating layer structure of cathode cell of aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN202110724144.1A CN114075678A (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2021-06-23 | Cathode insulating layer structure of aluminum electrolytic cell and overhaul slag treatment process |
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| CN202010874170.8A CN111996551A (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-22 | Bottom heat-insulating layer structure of cathode cell of aluminum electrolysis cell |
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| CN111996551A true CN111996551A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
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| CN202010874170.8A Pending CN111996551A (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-22 | Bottom heat-insulating layer structure of cathode cell of aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN202110724144.1A Pending CN114075678A (en) | 2020-08-22 | 2021-06-23 | Cathode insulating layer structure of aluminum electrolytic cell and overhaul slag treatment process |
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| CN114774992B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-08-08 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum electrolysis production method |
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