CN111996409B - Grain refining method for preventing silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy - Google Patents
Grain refining method for preventing silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111996409B CN111996409B CN202010907127.7A CN202010907127A CN111996409B CN 111996409 B CN111996409 B CN 111996409B CN 202010907127 A CN202010907127 A CN 202010907127A CN 111996409 B CN111996409 B CN 111996409B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material application, and relates to a grain refining method for preventing silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy. The silicon content of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 5-11wt.%, and the grain is difficult to be refined by the traditional titanium-boron refiner due to the silicon poisoning effect. According to the invention, a refiner is added into high-purity aluminum in advance to form a large number of nucleation crystal embryos which take the refiner as a core and wrap aluminum atoms, and then silicon is additionally added and diffused into aluminum liquid to form aluminum-silicon alloy, so that the silicon poisoning effect caused by the combination of silicon and titanium is avoided, crystal grains can be effectively refined, and the function of fine grain strengthening is exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material application, and relates to a grain refining method for preventing silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy.
Background
Cast aluminum-silicon alloy is an important light material and is widely used for manufacturing automobile body thin-wall parts, engine parts, transmission system parts, radiators with complex shapes, oil pipelines and the like. Without any treatment, the coarse alpha-Al dendrites and large amounts of brittle Al-Si eutectic structures in Al-Si alloys can significantly weaken the strength and plasticity of the alloys, which limits their use in the transportation and aerospace industries. In order to improve the strength and the plasticity, people adopt various methods to refine the aluminum-silicon alloy, nucleation and growth of crystals in the solidification process are regulated and controlled by adding a refiner alloy containing heterogeneous nucleation mass points, and solidification structure refinement is realized. However, when the silicon concentration is more than 5 wt.%, the fine-grained performance of the conventional AlTibB refiner is significantly impaired, which is a silicon poisoning effect. Because the influence of silicon poisoning, the traditional aluminium titanium boron refiner has poor fine grain effect on aluminium silicon alloy, so the patent provides a grain refining method for preventing silicon poisoning of aluminium silicon alloy, and introduces titanium diboride heterogeneous core wrapped by aluminium atoms before silicon poisoning occurs as effective crystal blank, thereby improving the fine grain effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a grain refining method for preventing silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy, which is characterized in that a titanium-boron refiner is added into high-purity aluminum in advance to preferentially generate an effective crystal blank of a titanium diboride heterogeneous core coated by aluminum atoms, and then the silicon atoms are diffused into aluminum liquid through additional silicon atoms, so that the silicon poisoning effect caused by the combination of the silicon atoms and the titanium atoms is avoided, and the problem that the aluminum-silicon alloy with the silicon content of 5-11wt.% is difficult to refine is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows
1. A method for refining crystal grains to prevent silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a titanium boron refiner in a certain proportion into the high-purity aluminum melt;
(2) refining, degassing and skimming dross;
(3) and pouring the molten aluminum mixed with the titanium boron refiner into a high-purity silica glass container, heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for a certain time, cooling to 600 ℃ in a stepped cooling and heat preservation diffusion mode, and stirring continuously in the process to ensure that silicon atoms generated by the reaction of the aluminum liquid and the silica can be fully diffused into the aluminum liquid and form the aluminum-silicon alloy with uniform components and silicon content of 5-11 wt.%.
(4) And pouring the aluminum-silicon alloy liquid into different casting molds to obtain the grain refined alloy ingot or casting.
2. The method for refining grains to prevent silicon poisoning of the aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises: adding a refiner capable of generating a titanium diboride heterogeneous core into the high-purity aluminum melt in a certain proportion, wherein the titanium diboride heterogeneous core is wrapped by aluminum atoms to form a crystal blank.
3. The method for refining the grains to prevent the silicon poisoning of the aluminum-silicon alloy according to the specification 1, wherein the step (3) comprises: pouring the aluminum melt mixed with the refiner into a high-purity silicon dioxide glass container, and utilizing the reaction of aluminum liquid and silicon dioxide to generate silicon atoms, wherein the silicon atoms are diffused in the aluminum liquid but cannot be combined with titanium atoms under the isolation action of the aluminum atoms, thereby avoiding the occurrence of silicon poisoning effect.
4. The method for refining the grains to prevent the silicon poisoning of the aluminum-silicon alloy according to the specification 1, wherein the step (3) comprises: heating to 800 deg.C, holding for a certain time, and cooling to 600 deg.C by stepped cooling and heat-preserving diffusion. The step cooling and heat preservation diffusion are to ensure that the aluminum-silicon melt keeps semi-solid, and the liquid aluminum continuously reacts with the silicon dioxide and continuously generates silicon atoms.
5. The method for refining the grains to prevent the silicon poisoning of the aluminum-silicon alloy according to the specification 1, wherein the step (3) comprises: stirring continuously means stirring the melt by adopting a mechanical rod, electromagnetic stirring, mechanical vibration and ultrasonic vibration to accelerate the silicon atoms to be uniformly distributed in the melt.
6. The method for refining the grains to prevent the silicon poisoning of the aluminum-silicon alloy according to the specification 1, wherein the step (3) comprises: the reaction speed and time of aluminum and silicon dioxide are adjusted by using the holding temperature and holding time, so that the content of silicon is controlled to be 5-11 wt.%.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
A method for refining crystal grains to prevent silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 99 g of aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent into a crucible, putting the crucible into a shaft furnace, heating the crucible to 800 ℃ for melting, adding 1 g of aluminum pentatitanium-boron refiner, and uniformly stirring; at the same time, a high purity silica glass container is placed in the shaft furnace.
(2) Refining and degassing by using argon with the purity of 99.5 percent, and removing scum;
(3) pouring the aluminum liquid mixed with the refiner into the high-purity silica glass container in the step (1), keeping the temperature at 800 ℃, and continuously stirring the mixed molten liquid in the process;
(4) and (4) controlling the stepped cooling speed of the aluminum liquid in the step (3). The temperature is respectively reduced by 10 ℃, 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ every 30 minutes in the first 2 hours; then the temperature is reduced by 20 ℃ every 30 minutes, and the temperature is cooled to 600 ℃ after 9 hours, and then the air is cooled.
(5) And (4) continuously stirring the aluminum liquid in the cooling process in the step (4), so as to ensure that silicon atoms generated by the reaction of the aluminum liquid and the silicon dioxide can be fully diffused into the aluminum liquid and form high-silicon aluminum-silicon alloy liquid with uniform components.
(6) And pouring the high-silicon aluminum silicon alloy liquid into a graphite casting mold to obtain a cast ingot with refined grains.
(7) As shown in a figure I, the detected silicon content of the sample is about 8%, and the grain diameter is 200-400 μm, thereby effectively preventing the generation of the silicon poisoning effect.
Example two
A method for refining crystal grains to prevent silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 98 g of aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.95 percent into a crucible, putting the crucible into a shaft furnace, heating the crucible to 800 ℃ for melting, adding 2 g of aluminum pentatitanium-boron refiner, and uniformly stirring; at the same time, a high purity silica glass container is placed in the shaft furnace.
(2) Refining and degassing by using argon with the purity of 99.5 percent, and removing scum;
(3) pouring the aluminum liquid mixed with the refiner into the high-purity silica glass container in the step (1), keeping the temperature at 800 ℃, and continuously stirring the mixed molten liquid in the process;
(4) and (4) controlling the stepped cooling speed of the aluminum liquid in the step (3). The temperature is respectively reduced by 10 ℃, 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ every 30 minutes in the first 2 hours; then the temperature is reduced by 20 ℃ every 30 minutes, and the temperature is cooled to 600 ℃ after 9 hours, and then the air is cooled.
(5) And (4) continuously stirring the aluminum liquid in the cooling process in the step (4), so as to ensure that silicon atoms generated by the reaction of the aluminum liquid and the silicon dioxide can be fully diffused into the aluminum liquid and form high-silicon aluminum-silicon alloy liquid with uniform components.
(6) And pouring the high-silicon aluminum silicon alloy liquid into a graphite casting mold to obtain a cast ingot with refined grains.
(7) The microstructure is shown in figure two, the detected silicon content of the sample is about 8%, the grain diameter is 200-300 μm, and the silicon poisoning effect is effectively prevented.
Claims (7)
1. A method for refining crystal grains to prevent the silicon poisoning of Al-Si alloy includes such steps as adding Ti-B refiner to high-purity Al, smelting, mixing, pouring in high-purity silica glass container, heating to 800 deg.C, holding the temp for a certain time, cooling to 600 deg.C by stepped cooling and diffusion, reacting Al liquid with silica, and displacing Si atom to diffuse in Al solution to obtain Al-Si alloy with refined crystal grains (5-11 wt.%).
2. A method for refining crystal grains to prevent silicon poisoning of aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a titanium boron refiner in a certain proportion into the high-purity aluminum melt;
(2) refining, degassing and skimming dross;
(3) pouring the molten aluminum mixed with the titanium boron refiner into a high-purity silica glass container, heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for a certain time, cooling to 600 ℃ in a stepped cooling and heat preservation diffusion mode, and stirring continuously in the process to ensure that silicon atoms generated by the reaction of the aluminum liquid and the silica can be fully diffused into the aluminum liquid and form an aluminum-silicon alloy with uniform components and silicon content of 5-11 wt%;
(4) and pouring the aluminum-silicon alloy liquid into different casting molds to obtain the grain refined alloy ingot or casting.
3. A method of refining grains to prevent poisoning of the silicon of the aluminium silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein step (1) comprises: adding a refiner capable of generating a titanium diboride heterogeneous core into the high-purity aluminum melt in a certain proportion, wherein the titanium diboride heterogeneous core is wrapped by aluminum atoms to form a crystal blank.
4. A method of refining grains to prevent poisoning of the silicon of the al-si alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein step (3) comprises: pouring the aluminum melt mixed with the refiner into a high-purity silicon dioxide glass container, and utilizing the reaction of aluminum liquid and silicon dioxide to generate silicon atoms, wherein the silicon atoms are diffused in the aluminum liquid but cannot be combined with titanium atoms under the isolation action of the aluminum atoms, thereby avoiding the occurrence of silicon poisoning effect.
5. A method of refining grains to prevent poisoning of the silicon of the al-si alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein step (3) comprises: the step cooling and heat preservation diffusion means that heat preservation diffusion is carried out for a period of time when the temperature is lowered to one step, so as to ensure that the aluminum-silicon melt keeps semi-solid state, and the liquid aluminum continuously reacts with the silicon dioxide and continuously generates silicon atoms.
6. A method of refining grains to prevent poisoning of the silicon of the al-si alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein step (3) comprises: stirring continuously means stirring the melt by a contact or non-contact method to accelerate the silicon atoms to be uniformly distributed in the melt.
7. A method of refining grains to prevent poisoning of the silicon of the al-si alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein step (3) comprises: the reaction speed and time of aluminum and silicon dioxide are adjusted by using the holding temperature and holding time, so that the content of silicon is controlled to be 5-11 wt.%.
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