CN111996106A - Dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method for kitchen waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste and a fermentation method. The upper part of the end is provided with a first feeding port, the upper part of the second end is provided with a hydrogen discharge port, and the bottom is provided with a first discharging port; the upper part of the first end of the methane-producing fermentation tank is provided with a second feeding port, and the second The upper part of the end is provided with a methane discharge port, and the bottom is provided with a second discharge port; the first discharge port is communicated with the second feed port through a connecting pipe, and a connecting valve is arranged in the connecting pipe, and the two tanks are close to the first end. All are equipped with a pH control unit, a temperature control unit at the bottom, and a spiral stirring propeller for stirring and propelling materials. The advantages are: the invention can realize intermittent feeding of organic kitchen waste, continuous work and fermentation Fast, high gas production, separate recovery of methane and hydrogen fuel gas, high fermentation efficiency.

Description

A kind of kitchen waste dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste and a fermentation method.

Background technique

At present, the treatment of domestic waste, especially the treatment of organic kitchen waste, still mainly adopts landfill or incineration. This method will waste a lot of land resources, and easily generate a large amount of toxic and harmful gases when burning, polluting the environment. The use of anaerobic fermentation technology to treat organic kitchen waste and convert organic matter into flammable gases such as hydrogen and methane for subsequent use has become the general trend of sustainable development of the ecological environment and society.

Anaerobic fermentation refers to the catabolism of organic substances (such as human, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste, straw, weeds, etc.) under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions, through the catabolism of various microorganisms, and finally forms hydrogen, methane and other combustibles process of mixing gases. Dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste means that its solid content is greater than 20%.

Most of the existing dry anaerobic fermentation equipment adopts an integrated fermentation tank, and the kitchen waste is introduced from the feeding port. After a series of reactions in the tank, hydrogen and methane gas are mixed together and discharged. The vertical stirring propeller is generally used in the fermentation tank, that is, the stirring shaft arranged in the center is rotated to drive the blades on it to rotate, so as to carry out material stirring. However, due to the high solid content of the material in dry fermentation, it is easy to deposit in the tank, so the transportation and stirring of the material and the discharge of the fermentation product are difficult, and it is easy to cause insufficient stirring and poor fermentation effect, which is the prior art. the difficulty in. In addition, the existing integrated fermenter still has the problems of long startup time, unstable system operation, low equipment gas production, more impurity gas in the recovered fuel gas, and the mixing of hydrogen and methane gas poses a major safety hazard for subsequent utilization, etc. defect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a dry-type two-phase kiln for kitchen waste, which can realize intermittent feeding, continuous operation, fast fermentation speed, high gas production, and separate recovery of two fuel gases, methane and hydrogen. Oxygen fermentation device and fermentation method.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste, comprising two tanks placed horizontally, a hydrogen-producing fermenter and a methane-producing fermenter. The upper part of the first end of the hydrogen fermenter is provided with a first feeding port, the upper part of the second end of the hydrogen fermenter is provided with a hydrogen discharge port, and the bottom of the second end of the hydrogen fermenter is provided with a first feed port. a discharge port, the upper part of the first end of the methanogenic fermentation tank is provided with a second feeding port, the upper part of the second end of the methanogenic fermentation tank is provided with a methane discharge port, the methanogenic fermentation tank The bottom of the second end of the tank is provided with a second discharge port, the first discharge port is communicated with the second feed port through a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is provided with a connecting pipe for controlling the The open and closed connection valve, the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are provided with a pH control unit for adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of the material in the tank near the first end, and the hydrogen-producing fermenter And the methane-producing fermenter is provided with a temperature control unit at the bottom for adjusting the temperature of the material in the tank, and both the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are provided with a screw for stirring and propelling the material. The stirring propeller, the pH control unit, the temperature control unit and the screw stirring propeller are all connected with an external control system.

In some embodiments, the screw stirring propeller includes a stirring shaft, a screw blade connected to the stirring shaft, and a gearbox motor for driving the stirring shaft forward and reverse. The central shaft of the tank body is arranged, one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box motor, the helical blade is fixed on the stirring shaft in a clockwise spiral shape, and the The screw blade is provided with an openable stirring blade, when the stirring shaft rotates counterclockwise, the stirring blade is turned over and is perpendicular to the screw blade, and when the stirring shaft rotates clockwise, the stirring blade is turned The agitating blade is closed and overlapped with the spiral blade. Therefore, when the stirring shaft rotates counterclockwise, under the action of centrifugal force and material resistance, the stirring blade opens and is perpendicular to the helical blade, so that the stirring and mixing effect of the stirring blade on the material is superimposed on the basis of the stirring of the screw blade. , so that the anaerobic fermentation reaction of the material is more sufficient. When the stirring shaft rotates clockwise, the stirring blade is closed due to the resistance of the material outside the stirring blade, and the stirring blade is overlapped on the spiral blade. At this time, it is used to push the material forward. Discharge.

In some embodiments, the stirring blades are arranged on the side of the helical blade facing the second end of the tank body, and the stirring blades are distributed at intervals of 120° along the circumferential direction of the helical blade, The stirring blade is openably and closably fixed on the helical blade through a movable shaft, and the movable shaft is arranged along the radial direction of the helical blade. Therefore, when the propeller rotates counterclockwise, the stirring blade can be opened relatively smoothly to achieve agitation and mixing effect on the material; when the propeller is rotated clockwise, the stirring blade can be closed relatively smoothly, which is used to push the material forward to realize the material.

In some embodiments, the outer edge of the stirring blade is provided with a blade, and when the stirring blade is closed, the shape of the blade is consistent with the shape of the outer edge of the spiral blade. The radian of the blade is consistent with the radian of the spiral blade, the erected height of the stirring blade is 20-25 cm, and the rotational speed of the stirring shaft is 150-250 r/min. Therefore, when the stirring blade is closed, it can be completely overlapped with the spiral blade. The erection height of the stirring blade and the rotational speed of the stirring shaft affect the centrifugal force during rotation, so that the stirring blade can be opened and closed smoothly. Has better stirring effect.

In some embodiments, the pH control unit includes a pH sensor and an acid-base addition port, the pH sensor is respectively disposed at the first end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and The detection end of the pH sensor extends into the material in the tank, and the acid-base adding ports are respectively opened above the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank, and are respectively located in the On the rear side of the first feed port and the second feed port, the pH sensor is connected to an external control system. In this way, the pH value can be monitored in real time. When the pH value is not in the appropriate range, the control system can be adjusted by adding acid or adding alkali. Controlling a reasonable pH can reduce the production of other impurity gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and improve the fermentation rate.

In some embodiments, the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor and a water bath heating box, the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the first ends of the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and the The detection end of the temperature sensor extends into the material in the tank, the water-bath heating box is respectively arranged at the bottom of the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and the water-bath heating box is The length covers the reaction course of the material in the tank, and the temperature sensor is connected with an external control system. In this way, the reaction temperature can be monitored in real time. When the reaction temperature is not in the appropriate range, it can be adjusted by controlling the water bath box and solar water heater through the control system. Controlling a reasonable reaction temperature can reduce the production of other impurity gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and improve fermentation. Rate.

In some embodiments, a connecting rod and a discharge pusher are provided in the connecting pipe above the connecting valve, the discharge pusher is fixed on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod. The rod is connected with the stirring shaft through a connecting mechanism, and when the stirring shaft rotates, the connecting rod and the discharging propeller are driven to rotate. This can effectively prevent the discharge port from being blocked, and better discharge the material into the methane-producing fermentation tank. At the same time, the connecting pipeline is provided with a connecting valve, and when the discharge is not required, the two systems are separated so that each can operate independently.

In some embodiments, the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are both arranged to be inclined upward from the first end to the second end, and the inclination angle with the horizontal plane is 3°˜6°, so The volume ratio of the hydrogen-producing fermentor to the methane-producing fermentor is 1:30, and a material sampling port is provided at the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter. The material sampling port, the first feed port, the hydrogen discharge port, the methane discharge port and the second discharge port are all provided with valves, and the first feed port is provided with valves. The top of the mouth is provided with a sealing cover for isolating air to ensure an anaerobic environment in the tank. The inclined setting of the tank can make the fermentation liquid in the tank return to the feeding end, which is conducive to the cultivation of gas-producing microorganisms, and it is convenient to start the fermentation reaction quickly after inputting materials. The sealing cover can ensure that the tank is in an anaerobic environment and ensure the fermentation effect.

A fermentation method using the described kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device, comprising the following steps:

1) Open the first feeding port and close the first discharging port, and feed the sorted and crushed kitchen waste into the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank from the first feeding port, and control the screw propeller to rotate clockwise at the same time. Carry out feeding, close the first feeding port channel after completion, input nitrogen gas into the hydrogen-producing fermenter for 5 minutes, and open the air outlet to remove oxygen in the tank, close the valve after exhausting, and keep the tank in an anaerobic state ;

2) Control the spiral stirring propeller to rotate counterclockwise to stir the materials in the hydrogen production fermenter to make them fully mixed. After a certain period of time, open the hydrogen outlet to discharge and collect the hydrogen into the hydrogen tank; monitor and adjust the production in real time. Temperature and pH in the hydrogen fermenter;

3) After the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermenter have reacted for 48 hours, the hydrogen outlet channel is closed, the first outlet and the second inlet are opened, and the screw stirring propeller is controlled to rotate clockwise to displace the hydrogen-producing fermenter. The material is pushed into the methane-producing fermenter, and after completion, the second feed port channel is closed, and nitrogen is input into the methane-producing fermenter for 5 minutes to remove the oxygen in the tank and keep the tank in a closed state;

4) Control the spiral stirring propeller to rotate counterclockwise to stir the materials in the methane-producing fermenter to make them fully mixed. After a certain period of time, open the methane outlet to discharge and collect methane; monitor and adjust the inside of the hydrogen-producing fermenter in real time. After 60d of reaction, the methane outlet channel is closed, the second outlet is opened, and the screw stirring propeller is controlled to rotate clockwise for discharging, and the product is discharged from the second outlet and conveyed to the downstream sterilizer.

In some embodiments, the moisture content of the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter is not less than 80%, and the volume ratio of the material to the tank is in the range of 1/2 to 3/4; the The fermentation temperature in step 2) is 55°C ± 2°C, the fermentation pH is 5.0-6.0, and the rotational speed of the screw stirring propeller is 100r/min; the fermentation temperature in step 4) is 55°C～56°C, The fermentation pH was 6.5-7.8, and the rotational speed of the screw stirring propeller was 80 r/min. The above-mentioned preferred process parameters can make the whole system in the best fermentation state, with good stirring effect, high gas production, and less impurity gas in the recovered fuel gas.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

1) By setting up two tanks, the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, the hydrogen-producing phase and the methane-producing phase are separated and operated independently, so that the two reaction processes can be controlled separately, so that both phases can achieve optimal operation. At the same time, it can make the two-phase start up quickly and reduce the material residence time, so more organic kitchen waste can be processed in the same time, and the gas production efficiency is high.

2) The screw stirring propeller of this structure is provided with a stirring blade that can be opened and closed on the basis of the screw blade. It can be rotated clockwise to realize the closing of the stirring blade to promote the emptying of materials, and can also be rotated counterclockwise to realize the opening of the stirring blade. Therefore, the stirring of the materials is strengthened, and the materials in the dry fermentation tank are fully mixed with the flora, the fermentation effect is better, and the accumulation of materials is prevented at the same time. fermentation;

3) The material can be maintained at the most suitable reaction temperature through the temperature control unit, and the pH can be adjusted through the pH control unit, so that the fermentation reaction is in the most suitable pH environment. The conditions are different, so the structure of the present invention can make the two fermenters react independently and control them separately. Compared with the existing one-piece fermenters, the components are mixed together and the same reaction conditions are used. The fermentation device of the present invention can realize intermittent Feeding, continuous reaction, automatic discharge, fast fermentation speed and high gas production, it can separate the recovery of methane and hydrogen two kinds of combustible gas energy, which reduces the safety hazard of subsequent utilization; in addition, when the pressure in the gas collection tank is too large It can be exhausted through the corresponding valve to avoid the rupture of the tank caused by excessive pressure in the tank, and the safety is high.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen-producing fermenter in a dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a methane-producing fermentation tank in a kitchen waste dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device of the present invention;

3 is a left side view of a tank in a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to the present invention;

4 is a cross-sectional view of a tank in a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of a screw stirring propeller in a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a right side view of the screw stirring propeller of FIG. 5 .

Among them, the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank 1, the methane-producing fermentation tank 2, the first feeding port 3, the hydrogen gas discharging port 4, the first discharging port 5, the second feeding port 6, the methane discharging port 7, the second discharging port 8. Connecting pipeline 9, connecting valve 10, screw stirring propeller 11, stirring shaft 12, screw blade 13, gear box motor 14, stirring blade 15, blade 16, pH sensor 17, acid-base adding port 18, temperature sensor 19, Water bath heating box 20 , connecting rod 21 , discharge pusher 22 , connecting mechanism 23 , material sampling port 24 , valve 25 , sealing cover 26 , movable shaft 27 , nitrogen inlet 28 , and air outlet 29 .

Detailed ways

A dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste and a fermentation method of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in the figure, a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste includes two tanks, a hydrogen-producing fermenter 1 and a methane-producing fermenter 2, which are placed horizontally and connected in sequence. The first end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is The upper part of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is provided with a first feeding port 3, the upper part of the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is provided with a hydrogen discharge port 4, and the bottom of the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is provided with a first discharge port 5. The upper part of the first end is provided with a second feed port 6, the upper part of the second end of the methane-producing fermentation tank is provided with a methane discharge port 7, and the bottom of the second end of the methane-producing fermentation tank is provided with a second discharge port 8, the first The discharge port is communicated with the second feed port through the connecting pipe 9, and the connecting pipe is provided with a connecting valve 10 for controlling the opening and closing of the connecting pipe. The pH control unit for the acidity and alkalinity of the material in the tank, the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are provided with a temperature control unit at the bottom for adjusting the temperature of the material in the tank, and both the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are provided with a The screw stirring propeller 11 for stirring and propelling the material, the pH control unit, the temperature control unit and the screw stirring propeller are all connected with an external control system (not shown), and the control method adopts the existing conventional technology and will not be repeated.

Embodiment 2

A dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste proposed in this embodiment limits the specific structure of the screw stirring propeller 11 on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the screw stirring propeller includes a stirring shaft 12, a screw blade 13 connected with the stirring shaft, and a gearbox motor 14 for driving the stirring shaft forward and reverse. The stirring shafts are respectively arranged along the central axes of the two tanks, One end of the stirring shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box motor, the helical blade is fixed on the stirring shaft in a clockwise spiral shape, and the screw blade is provided with a stirring blade 15 that can be opened and closed, which can realize the stirring effect on the material. When the stirring shaft rotates counterclockwise, the stirring blades are opened under the action of centrifugal force and are perpendicular to the spiral blades, so that the stirring and mixing action of the stirring blades on the material is superimposed on the basis of the stirring by the spiral blades, so that the anaerobic fermentation of the material is achieved. The reaction is more complete. When the stirring shaft rotates clockwise, the stirring blade is closed due to the resistance of the material outside the stirring blade, and the stirring blade is overlapped on the spiral blade. At this time, it is used to push the material forward for discharging.

Embodiment 3

A dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste proposed in this embodiment further defines the specific structure of the screw stirring propeller 11 on the basis of the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the stirring blades are arranged on the side of the helical blade facing the second end of the tank body, and the stirring blades are distributed at intervals of 120° along the circumferential direction of the helical blade. On the blade, the movable shaft is arranged along the radial direction of the helical blade. Therefore, when the propeller rotates counterclockwise, the stirring blade can be opened relatively smoothly to achieve agitation and mixing effect on the material; when the propeller is rotated clockwise, the stirring blade can be closed relatively smoothly, which is used to push the material forward to realize the material.

In this embodiment, the outer edge of the stirring blade is provided with a blade 16. When the stirring blade is closed, the shape of the blade is consistent with the shape of the outer edge of the helical blade, and the radian of the stirring blade is consistent with that of the helical blade, so that the stirring blade is closed. At the same time, it can be completely overlapped with the spiral blade, the erection height of the stirring blade is 20-25 cm, and the rotating speed of the stirring shaft is 150-250 r/min. Therefore, when the stirring blade is closed, it can be completely overlapped with the spiral blade. The erection height of the stirring blade and the rotational speed of the stirring shaft affect the centrifugal force during rotation, so that the stirring blade can be opened and closed smoothly. Has better stirring effect.

Embodiment 4

A dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste proposed in this embodiment further defines the specific structure of the pH control unit on the basis of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the pH control unit includes a pH sensor and an acid-base adding port 18, the pH sensors are respectively arranged at the first ends of the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and the detection end of the pH sensor extends into the material in the tank , the acid-base adding ports are respectively opened above the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and are respectively located on the back side of the first feeding port and the second feeding port, and the pH sensor is connected with the external control system. The pH sensor is used to detect the pH value of the reactant in the tank and transmit the signal to the control system, and the acid-base adding port is used to add acid or alkali to the tank to control the pH of the reactant to the optimum pH reaction range. In this embodiment, the pH sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in parallel.

Embodiment 5

A dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste proposed in this embodiment further defines the specific structure of the temperature control unit on the basis of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor 19 and a water bath heating box 20. The temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the first ends of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank, and the detection end of the temperature sensor extends into the material in the tank. , the water bath heating box is respectively arranged at the bottom of the hydrogen producing fermenter and the methane producing fermenter and wraps the tank body, and the length of the water bath heating box covers the reaction stroke of the material in the tank, and the temperature sensor is connected with the external control system. The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the reactant in the tank and transmit the signal to the control system, and the water bath heating box is used to heat the tank to control the temperature of the reactant to a set range.

Embodiment 6

The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste proposed in this embodiment further describes the internal structure of the connecting pipe 9 on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, a connecting rod 21 and a discharging pusher 22 are arranged in the connecting pipe above the connecting valve, the discharging pusher is fixed on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with the stirring shaft through the connecting mechanism 23. In this embodiment, The connecting mechanism adopts two bevel gears at a certain angle. In other embodiments, matching structures such as worm gears and worms can also be used. When the stirring shaft rotates, the connecting rod and the discharging propeller are linked together. There is a small screw propeller in the discharge channel, which can effectively prevent the blockage of the discharge port and better discharge the material into the methane-producing fermentation tank. At the same time, the connecting pipeline is provided with a connecting valve, and when the material is not required to be discharged, the two systems are separated so that they can operate independently. A small propeller can also be installed in the first feeding port to assist feeding.

Embodiment 7

A dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste proposed in this embodiment further describes the rest of the structure of the fermentation device on the basis of the above embodiment. In this embodiment, both the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are arranged to be inclined upward from the first end to the second end, the inclination angle between the tank body and the horizontal plane is 3° to 6°, and the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the The volume ratio of the methane fermenter was 1:30. Therefore, the fermentation liquid in the tank can be returned to the feeding end, which is beneficial to the cultivation of gas-producing microorganisms, and it is convenient to start the fermentation reaction quickly after the material is input.

In this embodiment, a material sampling port 24 is provided at the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and the material sampling port, the first feeding port, the hydrogen outlet, the methane outlet and the second discharging Valves 25 are provided on the ports, and the valves can be electric or manual. The top of the first feed port is provided with a sealing cover 26 for isolating air to ensure an anaerobic environment in the tank.

Embodiment 8

A fermentation method using the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, comprising the following steps:

1) Open the first feeding port and close the first discharging port, and feed the sorted and crushed kitchen waste into the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank from the first feeding port, and control the screw propeller to rotate clockwise at the same time. Carry out feeding, close the first feed port channel after completion, input nitrogen gas from nitrogen inlet 28 into the hydrogen-producing fermenter for 5 minutes, and open air outlet 29 to remove oxygen in the tank, close the valve after exhausting, and keep the tank. in an anaerobic state;

2) Control the spiral stirring propeller to rotate counterclockwise to stir the materials in the hydrogen production fermenter to make them fully mixed. After a certain period of time, open the hydrogen outlet to discharge and collect the hydrogen into the hydrogen tank; monitor and adjust the production in real time. Temperature and pH in the hydrogen fermenter;

3) After the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermenter have reacted for 48 hours, the hydrogen outlet channel is closed, the first outlet and the second inlet are opened, and the screw stirring propeller is controlled to rotate clockwise to displace the hydrogen-producing fermenter. The material is pushed into the methane-producing fermenter. After completion, the second feed port channel is closed, and nitrogen is input into the methane-producing fermenter from the nitrogen inlet for 5 minutes. At the same time, the air outlet 29 is opened to remove the oxygen in the tank. After the exhaust is completed, it is closed. valve to keep the methane-producing fermenter in an anaerobic state;

4) Control the spiral stirring propeller to rotate counterclockwise to stir the materials in the methane-producing fermenter to make them fully mixed. After a certain period of time, open the methane outlet to discharge and collect methane; monitor and adjust the inside of the hydrogen-producing fermenter in real time. After 60d of reaction, the methane outlet channel is closed, the second outlet is opened, and the screw stirring propeller is controlled to rotate clockwise for discharging, and the product is discharged from the second outlet and conveyed to the downstream sterilizer.

In this embodiment, the moisture content of the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentor and the methane-producing fermentor is not less than 80%, and the volume ratio of the material to the tank is in the range of 1/2 to 3/4; the fermentation temperature in step 2) is 55 ℃±2℃, the fermentation pH is 5.0-6.0, the rotation speed of the screw stirring propeller is 100r/min; the fermentation temperature in step 4) is 55 °C-56 °C, the fermentation pH is 6.5-7.8, and the rotation speed of the screw stirring propeller is is 80r/min.

The working principle of a kitchen waste dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method of the present invention is as follows:

The anaerobic hydrogen production reaction is mainly carried out in the hydrogen production fermenter, and the reaction residence time is about 48h. The main reaction process includes: 1) Hydrolysis, under the action of hydrolase, the macromolecular organic matter is decomposed and converted into simple soluble monomers or dimer. Under the action of protease, the peptide bond of protein is broken to generate dipeptide and polypeptide, and then various amino acids are generated; fat is decomposed into long-chain fatty acid and glycerol by the action of fat hydrolase; starch is hydrolyzed under the action of amylase to generate maltose and glucose; Under the synergistic action of a variety of cellulases, it is hydrolyzed into sugars. The main function of this stage is to convert macromolecular organic matter into small molecular organic matter so that it can pass through the cell membrane of microorganisms, thereby providing a substrate for subsequent microbial metabolism. 2) Acidification, the process of acid production refers to the transformation of organic matter in the form of soluble monomers or dimers by microorganisms into terminal products dominated by short-chain fatty acids or alcohols. The monomers produced in these hydrolysis stages are further converted by microorganisms to generate acidification products such as volatile fatty acids, alcohols, and gases such as H ₂ and CO ₂ . 3) Hydrogen production and acetic acid production. The acetic acid production process is mainly to convert the organic acids with more than two carbons or alcohols produced in the acid production stage of hydrolysis into small molecules such as acetic acid, H ₂ and CO ₂ that can be directly utilized by methanogens material process. Under standard circumstances, the hydrogen production and acetic acid production process of the organic acid cannot be carried out spontaneously, and the hydrogen will inhibit the progress of this step reaction. Therefore, the present invention controls the appropriate time to release hydrogen through the hydrogen outlet before the process reaction, which can reduce the hydrogen content of the system. pressure, which is conducive to the production of the product.

Methanogenic fermentation is mainly carried out in the methanogenic fermenter, and the reaction residence time is 60d. The main reaction process includes: under the action of methanogenic bacteria, the acetic acid and other substances produced in the previous stage are used to generate methane. The metabolic rate of methanogens is generally slow, and its methanogenesis pathway is to decarboxylate acetic acid into CH ₄ and CO ₂ . According to the difference between the residence time of methane-producing fermentation and hydrogen-producing fermentation, the methane-producing fermentor and the hydrogen-producing fermenter are divided into two groups. The volume ratio was set to 30:1.

The control system adopted in the present invention can monitor the temperature, pH and other parameters in the reaction process in the two fermenters in real time, and through feedback adjustment, the whole system is in the best fermentation state.

It is worth noting that the above descriptions are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Technical equivalents are substituted. Therefore, all equivalent structural changes made by using the descriptions and illustrations of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kitchen waste dry type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device is characterized in that: comprise two tanks of hydrogen-producing fermenter and methane-producing fermenter placed horizontally, the first end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter The upper part of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is provided with a first feeding port, the upper part of the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is provided with a hydrogen outlet, and the bottom of the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermenter is provided with a first discharge port, the The upper part of the first end of the methanogenic fermentation tank is provided with a second feed port, the upper part of the second end of the methanogenic fermentation tank is provided with a methane discharge port, and the bottom of the second end of the methanogenic fermentation tank is provided with There is a second discharge port, the first discharge port is communicated with the second feed port through a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is provided with a connecting valve to control the opening and closing of the connecting pipe, so Both the hydrogen-producing fermentor and the methane-producing fermenter are provided with a pH control unit near the first end for adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of the materials in the tank. The hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter The tank is provided with a temperature control unit at the bottom for adjusting the temperature of the material in the tank, the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter are both provided with a screw stirring propeller for stirring and propelling the material, and the The pH control unit, the temperature control unit and the screw stirring propeller are all connected with an external control system. 2 . The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1 , wherein the helical stirring propeller comprises a stirring shaft, a screw blade connected with the stirring shaft and a In order to drive the forward and reverse gear box motor of the stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is arranged along the central axis of the tank body, and one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box motor, The helical blade is fixed on the stirring shaft in a clockwise spiral shape, and a stirring blade that can be opened and closed is arranged on the helical blade. When the stirring shaft rotates counterclockwise, the stirring blade turns over. open and perpendicular to the helical blade, when the stirring shaft rotates clockwise, the stirring blade is closed and overlapped with the helical blade. 3 . The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 2 , wherein the stirring blades are arranged on the side of the helical blade facing the second end of the tank, so the The stirring blades are distributed at intervals of 120° along the circumferential direction of the helical blades, and the stirring blades are openably and closably fixed on the helical blades through the movable shaft, and the movable shaft is along the spiral blades. The radial direction of the helical blades is arranged. 4 . The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 3 , wherein the outer edge of the stirring blade is provided with a blade, and the stirring blade is closed when the stirring blade is closed. 5 . The shape of the blade is consistent with the shape of the outer edge of the helical blade, the radian of the stirring blade is consistent with the radian of the helical blade, and the erection height of the stirring blade is 20-25 cm, so The rotating speed of the stirring shaft is 150～250r/min. 5 . The dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1 , wherein the pH control unit comprises a pH sensor and an acid-base addition port, and the pH sensors are respectively arranged on the The first ends of the hydrogen-producing fermentor and the methane-producing fermentor, and the detection end of the pH sensor extends into the material in the tank, and the acid-base adding ports are respectively opened in the Above the hydrogen-producing fermenter and the methane-producing fermenter, and respectively located at the rear side of the first feed port and the second feed port, the pH sensor is connected to an external control system. 6 . The dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature control unit comprises a temperature sensor and a water bath heating box, and the temperature sensors are respectively arranged in the The first ends of the hydrogen-producing fermentor and the methane-producing fermentor, and the detection end of the temperature sensor extends into the material in the tank, and the water-bath heating box is respectively arranged on the hydrogen-producing fermenter. The bottom of the fermentation tank and the methanogenic fermentation tank, and the length of the water bath heating box covers the reaction course of the materials in the tank, and the temperature sensor is connected to an external control system. 7 . The dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 2 , wherein the connecting pipe is provided with a connecting rod and a discharging propeller above the connecting valve. 8 . , the discharge propeller is fixed on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with the stirring shaft through a connecting mechanism. When the stirring shaft rotates, the connecting rod and the stirring shaft are driven. The discharge propeller rotates. 8 . The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-producing fermentor and the methane-producing fermenter are both arranged from the first end to the The second end is inclined upward, and the inclination angle with the horizontal plane is 3°～6°. Both the tank and the second end of the methane-producing fermentation tank are provided with material sampling ports, and the material sampling ports, the first feed ports, the hydrogen discharge ports, and the methane discharge ports are And the second discharge port is provided with a valve, and the top of the first feed port is provided with a sealing cover for isolating air to ensure the anaerobic environment in the tank. 9. A fermentation method using the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: 1) Open the first feeding port and close the first discharging port, and feed the sorted and crushed kitchen waste into the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank from the first feeding port, and control the screw propeller to rotate clockwise at the same time. Carry out feeding, close the first feeding port channel after completion, input nitrogen gas into the hydrogen-producing fermenter for 5 minutes, and open the air outlet to remove oxygen in the tank, close the valve after exhausting, and keep the tank in an anaerobic state ; 2) Control the spiral stirring propeller to rotate counterclockwise to stir the materials in the hydrogen production fermenter to make them fully mixed. After a certain period of time, open the hydrogen outlet to discharge and collect the hydrogen into the hydrogen tank; monitor and adjust the production in real time. Temperature and pH in the hydrogen fermenter; 3) After the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermenter have reacted for 48 hours, the hydrogen outlet channel is closed, the first outlet and the second inlet are opened, and the screw stirring propeller is controlled to rotate clockwise to displace the hydrogen-producing fermenter. The material is pushed into the methane-producing fermenter, and after completion, the second feed port channel is closed, and nitrogen is input into the methane-producing fermenter for 5 minutes to remove the oxygen in the tank and keep the tank in a closed state; 4) Control the spiral stirring propeller to rotate counterclockwise to stir the materials in the methane-producing fermenter to make them fully mixed. After a certain period of time, open the methane outlet to discharge and collect methane; monitor and adjust the inside of the hydrogen-producing fermenter in real time. After 60d of reaction, the methane outlet channel is closed, the second outlet is opened, and the screw stirring propeller is controlled to rotate clockwise for discharging, and the product is discharged from the second outlet and conveyed to the downstream sterilizer. 10. A fermentation method using the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: the moisture content of materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentor and the methane-producing fermentor Not less than 80%, the volume ratio of the material to the tank is in the range of 1/2 to 3/4; the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 55 ℃ ± 2 ℃, the fermentation pH is 5.0-6.0, the screw stirring propeller The rotational speed of the fermenter is 100 r/min; the fermentation temperature in step 4) is 55°C to 56°C, the fermentation pH is 6.5 to 7.8, and the rotational speed of the screw propeller is 80 r/min.

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