CN111996106A - Dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method for kitchen waste - Google Patents

Dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method for kitchen waste Download PDF

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CN111996106A
CN111996106A CN202010758207.0A CN202010758207A CN111996106A CN 111996106 A CN111996106 A CN 111996106A CN 202010758207 A CN202010758207 A CN 202010758207A CN 111996106 A CN111996106 A CN 111996106A
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fermentation tank
hydrogen
methane
tank
stirring
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李兵
石志华
董志颖
何明浩
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Ningbo University
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Ningbo University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and a fermentation method for kitchen waste, which are characterized in that: the device comprises two tank bodies of a hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and a methane-producing fermentation tank which are horizontally placed, wherein a first feed port is formed in the upper part of a first end of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank, a hydrogen gas discharge port is formed in the upper part of a second end of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank, and a first discharge port is formed in the bottom of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank; the upper part of the first end of the methane-producing fermentation tank is provided with a second feeding hole, the upper part of the second end is provided with a methane discharging hole, and the bottom of the methane-producing fermentation tank is provided with a second discharging hole; first discharge gate passes through connecting tube and second feed inlet intercommunication, is equipped with the connecting valve in the connecting tube, and two jar bodies are close to first end department and all are equipped with pH control unit, and the bottom all is equipped with temperature control unit, and inside all is equipped with the spiral stirring propeller that is used for stirring and propulsion material, and the advantage is: the invention can realize intermittent feeding of organic kitchen waste, continuous work, high fermentation speed and high gas production, and can separately recover two fuel gases of methane and hydrogen, thereby having high fermentation efficiency.

Description

Dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method for kitchen waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and a fermentation method.
Background
At present, the treatment of household garbage, particularly the treatment of organic kitchen garbage, mainly adopts a landfill or incineration mode. The mode can lead to the waste of a large amount of land resources, and easily produces a large amount of toxic and harmful gases during combustion, thereby polluting the environment. The anaerobic fermentation technology is utilized to treat organic kitchen waste, and organic substances are converted into combustible gases such as hydrogen, methane and the like for subsequent utilization, so that the method is a great trend of sustainable development of ecological environment and society.
Anaerobic fermentation refers to a process of finally forming combustible mixed gas such as hydrogen, methane and the like by decomposing and metabolizing organic substances (such as human, livestock and poultry excrement, kitchen waste, straws, weeds and the like) through various microorganisms under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions. The dry anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste means that the solid content is more than 20 percent.
Most of the existing dry anaerobic fermentation equipment adopts an integrated fermentation tank, kitchen waste is introduced from a feed inlet, and hydrogen and methane gas are mixed together and discharged after a series of reactions in the tank. The vertical stirring propeller is generally adopted in the fermentation tank, namely, blades arranged on the stirring shaft at the center are driven to rotate through the rotation of the stirring shaft, so that the materials are stirred. However, in dry fermentation, the solid content of the material is high, and the material is easy to deposit in the tank, so that the conveying and stirring of the material and the discharging of the fermentation product are difficult, insufficient stirring is easy to cause, the fermentation effect is poor, and the method is difficult in the prior art. In addition, the existing integrated fermentation tank has the defects of long starting time, unstable system operation, low equipment gas production rate, more impurity gas in the recovered fuel gas, great potential safety hazard in subsequent utilization due to the mixing of hydrogen and methane.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and the fermentation method, which can realize intermittent feeding, continuous work, high fermentation speed and high gas production and separately recover two fuel gases of methane and hydrogen.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste comprises two tank bodies of a hydrogen production fermentation tank and a methane production fermentation tank which are horizontally placed, wherein a first feed port is formed in the upper portion of a first end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank, a hydrogen discharge port is formed in the upper portion of a second end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank, a first discharge port is formed in the bottom of the second end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank, a second feed port is formed in the upper portion of the first end of the methane production fermentation tank, a methane discharge port is formed in the upper portion of the second end of the methane production fermentation tank, a second discharge port is formed in the bottom of the second end of the methane production fermentation tank, the first discharge port is communicated with the second feed port through a connecting pipeline, a connecting valve for controlling the connecting pipeline to be opened and closed is arranged in the connecting pipeline, and pH control units for adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of materials in the tanks are arranged at positions, which are close to the, the hydrogen production fermentation tank with the methane production fermentation tank all be provided with the temperature control unit who is used for adjusting jar interior material temperature in the bottom, the hydrogen production fermentation tank with the methane production fermentation tank in all be provided with the spiral stirring propeller that is used for stirring and impels the material, pH control unit temperature control unit with spiral stirring propeller all be connected with external control system.
In some embodiments, the spiral stirring propeller includes a stirring shaft, a spiral blade connected to the stirring shaft, and a gear box motor for driving the stirring shaft to rotate forward and backward, the stirring shaft is disposed along a central axis of the tank, one end of the stirring shaft is connected to an output end of the gear box motor, the spiral blade is fixed to the stirring shaft in a clockwise spiral shape, the spiral blade is provided with a stirring blade that can be opened and closed, when the stirring shaft rotates counterclockwise, the stirring blade is opened and perpendicular to the spiral blade, and when the stirring shaft rotates clockwise, the stirring blade is closed and overlapped with the spiral blade. When (mixing) shaft anticlockwise rotation from this, stirring leaf is turned over under the effect of centrifugal force and the effect of material resistance to perpendicular with helical blade, superpose the stirring leaf on helical blade carries out the stirring mixing action to the material from this, make the anaerobic fermentation reaction of material more abundant, when (mixing) shaft clockwise rotation, because the resistance of stirring leaf outside material makes the stirring leaf close, the stirring leaf overlaps on helical blade, is used for advancing the ejection of compact to the material this moment.
In some embodiments, the stirring blades are disposed on a side of the spiral blade facing the second end of the tank, the stirring blades are distributed one at a time at intervals of 120 ° along a circumferential direction of the spiral blade, the stirring blades are fixed on the spiral blade in an openable and closable manner through a movable shaft, and the movable shaft is arranged along a radial direction of the spiral blade. Therefore, when the propeller rotates anticlockwise, the stirring blade can be smoothly opened for stirring and mixing materials; when clockwise rotation, the stirring leaf can be closed more smoothly for impel the realization ejection of compact forward to the material.
In some embodiments, the outer edge of the stirring blade is provided with a blade, the shape of the blade is consistent with the shape of the outer edge of the helical blade when the stirring blade is closed, the radian of the stirring blade is consistent with the radian of the helical blade, the standing height of the stirring blade is 20-25 cm, and the rotation speed of the stirring shaft is 150-250 r/min. Therefore, the stirring blade can be completely overlapped with the spiral blade when being closed, the standing height of the stirring blade and the rotating speed of the stirring shaft influence the centrifugal force during rotation, so that the effect of smoothly opening and closing the stirring blade can be achieved, and a better stirring effect is achieved on materials.
In some embodiments, the pH control unit includes a pH sensor and an acid-base addition port, the pH sensor is respectively disposed at the first ends of the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the methane production fermentation tank, the detection end of the pH sensor extends into the material in the tank body, the acid-base addition port is respectively disposed above the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the methane production fermentation tank and is respectively located at the rear sides of the first feed port and the second feed port, and the pH sensor is connected with an external control system. Therefore, the pH value can be monitored in real time, when the pH value is not in a proper interval, the control system is used for adding acid or alkali for adjustment, the reasonable pH value can be controlled, the generation of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other impurity gases can be reduced, and the fermentation rate is improved.
In some embodiments, the temperature control unit comprises a temperature sensor and a water bath heating box, the temperature sensor is respectively arranged at the first end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the first end of the methane production fermentation tank, the detection end of the temperature sensor extends into the material in the tank body, the water bath heating box is respectively arranged at the bottom of the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the bottom of the methane production fermentation tank, the length of the water bath heating box covers the reaction stroke of the material in the tank body, and the temperature sensor is connected with an external control system. Therefore, the reaction temperature can be monitored in real time, when the reaction temperature is not in a proper interval, the reaction temperature is regulated by controlling the water bath box, the solar water heater and the like through the control system, the reasonable reaction temperature is controlled, the generation of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other impurity gases can be reduced, and the fermentation rate is improved.
In some embodiments, a connecting rod and a discharging propeller are arranged in the connecting pipeline above the connecting valve, the discharging propeller is fixed on the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected with the stirring shaft through a connecting mechanism, and the connecting rod and the discharging propeller are driven to rotate when the stirring shaft rotates. Can prevent effectively from so that the bin outlet from blockking up, in discharging the material into the methane-producing fermentation cylinder better, the connecting tube is provided with connecting valve simultaneously, when not needing the ejection of compact, separates two systems to can independent operation separately.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank are both arranged to be inclined upwards from a first end to a second end, the inclination angle between the two ends is 3-6 degrees, the volume ratio of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank to the methane-producing fermentation tank is 1: 30, the second ends of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank are both provided with material sampling ports, valves are arranged on the material sampling ports, the first feed port, the hydrogen discharge port, the methane discharge port and the second discharge port, and the top end of the first feed port is provided with a sealing cover for isolating air to ensure the anaerobic environment in the tank body. The tank body is obliquely arranged, so that fermentation liquor in the tank body can flow back to the feeding end, cultivation of aerogenic microorganisms is facilitated, fermentation reaction can be started quickly after materials are put into the tank body conveniently, each valve can adopt an electromagnetic valve, opening and closing can be controlled automatically conveniently, and the tank body can be guaranteed to be in an anaerobic environment by arranging a sealing cover, so that a fermentation effect is guaranteed.
A fermentation method adopting the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device comprises the following steps:
1) opening a first feeding hole, closing a first discharging hole, feeding the kitchen waste subjected to picking and crushing treatment into a hydrogen production fermentation tank from the first feeding hole, controlling a spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise for feeding, closing a first feeding hole channel after the feeding is finished, feeding nitrogen into the hydrogen production fermentation tank for 5min, opening an air discharging hole to discharge oxygen in the tank, closing a valve after the discharging is finished, and keeping the tank in an anaerobic state;
2) controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate anticlockwise to stir the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank so as to fully mix the materials, and opening a hydrogen gas outlet after a certain time so as to discharge and collect hydrogen gas into the hydrogen tank; monitoring and adjusting the temperature and the pH value in the hydrogen production fermentation tank in real time;
3) after the materials in the hydrogen production fermentation tank react for 48 hours, closing a hydrogen outlet channel, opening a first discharge port and a second feed port, simultaneously controlling a spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise, propelling the materials in the hydrogen production fermentation tank into a methane production fermentation tank, closing the second feed port channel after the materials in the hydrogen production fermentation tank are pushed, inputting nitrogen into the methane production fermentation tank for 5min to remove oxygen in the tank, and keeping the closed state in the tank;
4) controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate anticlockwise to stir the materials in the methane-producing fermentation tank so as to fully mix the materials, and opening a methane discharge port after a certain time so as to discharge and collect methane; monitoring and adjusting the temperature and the pH value in the hydrogen production fermentation tank in real time; and after reacting for 60d, closing the methane discharge port channel, opening the second discharge port, controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise to discharge, and discharging the product from the second discharge port and conveying the product to a downstream sterilization device.
In some embodiments, the water content of the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank is not less than 80%, and the volume ratio of the materials to the tank body ranges from 1/2 to 3/4; the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 55 +/-2 ℃, the fermentation pH is 5.0-6.0, and the rotating speed of the spiral stirring propeller is 100 r/min; the fermentation temperature in the step 4) is 55-56 ℃, the fermentation pH is 6.5-7.8, and the rotating speed of the spiral stirring propeller is 80 r/min. The optimized technological parameters can ensure that the whole system is in the optimal fermentation state, the stirring effect is good, the gas yield is high, and the impurity gas in the recovered fuel gas is less.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) by arranging the two tank bodies of the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the methane production fermentation tank, the hydrogen production phase and the methane production phase are separated and independently operated, so that two reaction processes can be respectively controlled, and the two phases can reach the optimal operation condition; meanwhile, the two phases can be started quickly, and the retention time of materials is reduced, so that more organic kitchen garbage can be treated in the same time, and the gas production efficiency is high.
2) The spiral stirring propeller is provided with the stirring blades which can be opened and closed on the basis of the spiral blades, so that the materials can be emptied by closing the stirring blades through clockwise rotation, and the materials can be stirred intensively by opening the stirring blades through anticlockwise rotation, so that the materials in the dry fermentation tank are fully mixed with flora, the fermentation effect is better, and meanwhile, the materials are prevented from being accumulated, and the fermentation device is suitable for anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste with the solid content of more than 20%;
3) the temperature control unit can maintain the materials at the optimum reaction temperature, the pH control unit can adjust the pH value, the fermentation reaction is in the optimum pH environment, and the optimum conditions required by the hydrogen production fermentation phase and the methane production fermentation phase are different, so that the structure of the invention can ensure that the two fermentation tanks react independently and respectively control, compared with the existing integrated fermentation tank which mixes all components together and adopts the same reaction conditions, the fermentation device can realize intermittent feeding, continuous reaction and automatic discharging, has high fermentation speed and high gas production, can separately recover two combustible gas energy sources of methane and hydrogen, and reduces the potential safety hazard of subsequent utilization; in addition, when the pressure in the gas collecting tank is overlarge, the gas can be exhausted through the corresponding valve, the tank body breakage caused by the overlarge pressure in the tank is avoided, and the safety is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen-producing fermentation tank in a dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste, according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a methane-producing fermentation tank in the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a tank body in the dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a tank body in the dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spiral stirring propeller in the dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a right side view of the auger of fig. 5.
Wherein, hydrogen production fermentation cylinder 1, methane production fermentation cylinder 2, first feed inlet 3, hydrogen discharge port 4, first discharge gate 5, second feed inlet 6, methane discharge port 7, second discharge gate 8, connecting tube 9, connecting valve 10, spiral stirring propeller 11, (mixing) shaft 12, helical blade 13, gear box motor 14, stirring leaf 15, cutting edge 16, pH sensor 17, acid-base interpolation mouth 18, temperature sensor 19, water bath heating case 20, connecting rod 21, ejection of compact propeller 22, coupling mechanism 23, material sampling mouth 24, valve 25, sealed lid 26, loose axle 27, nitrogen gas entry 28, air discharge port 29.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example one
As shown in the figure, the dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for the kitchen waste comprises two tank bodies, namely a hydrogen production fermentation tank 1 and a methane production fermentation tank 2, which are horizontally placed and connected in sequence, wherein a first feed port 3 is formed in the upper part of a first end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank, a hydrogen discharge port 4 is formed in the upper part of a second end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank, a first discharge port 5 is formed in the bottom of the second end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank, a second feed port 6 is formed in the upper part of the first end of the methane production fermentation tank, a methane discharge port 7 is formed in the upper part of the second end of the methane production fermentation tank, a second discharge port 8 is formed in the bottom of the second end of the methane production fermentation tank, the first discharge port is communicated with the second feed port through a connecting pipeline 9, a connecting valve 10 for controlling the opening and closing of the connecting, produce hydrogen fermentation cylinder and methane production fermentation cylinder and all be provided with the temperature control unit who is used for adjusting jar interior material temperature in the bottom, produce hydrogen fermentation cylinder and produce and all be provided with the spiral stirring propeller 11 that is used for stirring and impels the material in the methane fermentation cylinder, pH control unit, temperature control unit and spiral stirring propeller all are connected with external control system (not shown), and control mode adopts current conventional technology no longer to describe repeatedly.
Example two
The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste provided by the embodiment limits the specific structure of the spiral stirring propeller 11 on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, spiral stirring propeller includes (mixing) shaft 12, the helical blade 13 of being connected with the (mixing) shaft and is used for driving the (mixing) shaft gear box motor 14 that just reverses, and the (mixing) shaft sets up along the center pin of two jar bodies respectively, and the one end of (mixing) shaft is connected with the output of gear box motor, and helical blade is clockwise heliciform and fixes on the (mixing) shaft, is provided with the stirring leaf 15 that can open and shut on the helical blade, can realize the stirring effect to the material. When the (mixing) shaft anticlockwise rotation, stirring leaf is turned over under the effect of centrifugal force to it is perpendicular with helical blade, superpose the stirring leaf on helical blade carries out the stirring mixing action to the material from this on the basis that stirs, make the anaerobic fermentation reaction of material more abundant, when the (mixing) shaft clockwise rotation, because the resistance of stirring leaf outside material makes the stirring leaf close, the stirring leaf overlaps on helical blade, is used for advancing the ejection of compact to the material this moment.
EXAMPLE III
The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste provided by the embodiment further limits the specific structure of the spiral stirring propeller 11 on the basis of the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the stirring vanes are all disposed on one side of the helical blade facing the second end of the tank body, the stirring vanes are distributed one at an interval of 120 degrees along the circumferential direction of the helical blade, the stirring vanes are fixed on the helical blade through a movable shaft 27 in an openable manner, and the movable shaft is arranged along the radial direction of the helical blade. Therefore, when the propeller rotates anticlockwise, the stirring blade can be smoothly opened for stirring and mixing materials; when clockwise rotation, the stirring leaf can be closed more smoothly for impel the realization ejection of compact forward to the material.
In the embodiment, the outer edge part of the stirring blade is provided with the cutting edge 16, the shape of the cutting edge is consistent with the shape of the outer edge of the spiral blade when the stirring blade is closed, the radian of the stirring blade is consistent with the radian of the spiral blade, so that the stirring blade can be completely overlapped with the spiral blade when the stirring blade is closed, the erection height of the stirring blade is 20-25 cm, and the rotating speed of the stirring shaft is 150-250 r/min. Therefore, the stirring blade can be completely overlapped with the spiral blade when being closed, the standing height of the stirring blade and the rotating speed of the stirring shaft influence the centrifugal force during rotation, so that the effect of smoothly opening and closing the stirring blade can be achieved, and a better stirring effect is achieved on materials.
Example four
The kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device provided by the embodiment is further limited in the specific structure of the pH control unit on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the pH control unit includes pH sensor and acid-base interpolation mouth 18, and the pH sensor sets up respectively in the first end of hydrogen production fermentation cylinder and methanogenesis fermentation cylinder, and the sense terminal of pH sensor stretches into in the internal material of jar, and the acid-base interpolation mouth is seted up respectively in the top of hydrogen production fermentation cylinder and methanogenesis fermentation cylinder, and is located the rear side of first feed inlet and second feed inlet respectively, and the pH sensor is connected with external control system. The pH sensor is used for detecting the pH value of the reactant in the tank body and transmitting a signal to the control system, and the acid-base adding port is used for adding acid or base into the tank body to control the pH value of the reactant to be in an optimum pH reaction interval. In this embodiment, the pH sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in parallel.
EXAMPLE five
The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste provided by the embodiment further limits the specific structure of the temperature control unit on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the temperature control unit includes temperature sensor 19 and water bath heating cabinet 20, and temperature sensor sets up respectively in the first end of producing hydrogen fermentation cylinder and producing methane fermentation cylinder, and temperature sensor's sense terminal stretches into the internal material of jar, and the water bath heating cabinet sets up respectively in the bottom of producing hydrogen fermentation cylinder and producing methane fermentation cylinder and wraps up the jar body, and the length of water bath heating cabinet covers the reaction stroke of the internal material of jar, and temperature sensor is connected with external control system. The temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the reactants in the tank body and transmitting a signal to the control system, and the water bath heating box is used for heating the tank body so as to control the temperature of the reactants to a set interval.
EXAMPLE six
The kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device provided by the embodiment further explains the internal structure of the connecting pipeline 9 on the basis of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the top that lies in connecting valve in the connecting pipe is provided with connecting rod 21 and ejection of compact propeller 22, and ejection of compact propeller fixes on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod passes through coupling mechanism 23 and stirring shaft connection, and coupling mechanism adopts two bevel gears that become certain angle in this embodiment, also can adopt cooperation structures such as worm gear in other embodiments, drives connecting rod and ejection of compact propeller linkage when the (mixing) shaft is rotatory. Be equipped with small-size screw propeller in the discharging channel, can effectively prevent the bin outlet and block up, discharge the material into the methane-producing fermentation cylinder better. Meanwhile, the connecting pipeline is provided with a connecting valve, and the two systems are separated when discharging is not needed, so that the two systems can independently operate. A small impeller may also be installed in the first feed port to assist in feeding.
EXAMPLE seven
The kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device provided by the embodiment further explains the rest structures of the fermentation device on the basis of the embodiment. In the embodiment, the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank are both arranged to be inclined upwards from the first end to the second end, the inclination angle between the tank body and the horizontal plane is 3-6 degrees, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank to the methane-producing fermentation tank is 1: 30. Therefore, the fermentation liquid in the tank body can flow back to the feeding end, the culture of the aerogenic microorganism is facilitated, and the fermentation reaction can be quickly started after the materials are conveniently put into the tank.
In this embodiment, material sampling port 24 has all been seted up at hydrogen production fermentation cylinder and methane production fermentation cylinder's second end, all is provided with valve 25 on material sampling port, first feed inlet, hydrogen discharge port, methane discharge port and the second discharge gate, and the valve can adopt electronic or manual formula, and the top of first feed inlet is provided with the sealed lid 26 that is used for isolated air in order to guarantee the internal anaerobic environment of jar.
Example eight
A fermentation method of the kitchen waste dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device adopting any one of the embodiments comprises the following steps:
1) opening a first feeding hole, closing a first discharging hole, feeding the kitchen waste subjected to picking and crushing treatment into the hydrogen production fermentation tank from the first feeding hole, controlling a spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise for feeding, closing a first feeding hole channel after the feeding is finished, inputting nitrogen into the hydrogen production fermentation tank from a nitrogen inlet 28 for 5min, simultaneously opening an air discharging hole 29 to discharge oxygen in the tank, closing a valve after the discharging is finished, and keeping the tank in an anaerobic state;
2) controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate anticlockwise to stir the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank so as to fully mix the materials, and opening a hydrogen gas outlet after a certain time so as to discharge and collect hydrogen gas into the hydrogen tank; monitoring and adjusting the temperature and the pH value in the hydrogen production fermentation tank in real time;
3) after the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank react for 48 hours, closing a hydrogen outlet channel, opening a first discharge port and a second feed port, simultaneously controlling a spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise, pushing the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank into a methane-producing fermentation tank, closing the second feed port channel after the materials are completely discharged, inputting nitrogen into the methane-producing fermentation tank from a nitrogen inlet for 5min, simultaneously opening an air outlet 29 to discharge oxygen in the tank, closing a valve after the air discharge is completed, and keeping the methane-producing fermentation tank in an anaerobic state;
4) controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate anticlockwise to stir the materials in the methane-producing fermentation tank so as to fully mix the materials, and opening a methane discharge port after a certain time so as to discharge and collect methane; monitoring and adjusting the temperature and the pH value in the hydrogen production fermentation tank in real time; and after reacting for 60d, closing the methane discharge port channel, opening the second discharge port, controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise to discharge, and discharging the product from the second discharge port and conveying the product to a downstream sterilization device.
In the embodiment, the water content of the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank is not less than 80%, and the volume ratio of the materials to the tank body is 1/2-3/4; the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 55 +/-2 ℃, the fermentation pH is 5.0-6.0, and the rotating speed of a spiral stirring propeller is 100 r/min; the fermentation temperature in the step 4) is 55-56 ℃, the fermentation pH is 6.5-7.8, and the rotating speed of the spiral stirring propeller is 80 r/min.
The working principle of the dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and the fermentation method for the kitchen waste is as follows:
the method mainly comprises the following steps of performing anaerobic hydrogen production reaction in a hydrogen production fermentation tank, wherein the reaction residence time is about 48 hours, and the main reaction process comprises the following steps: 1) hydrolyzing, and decomposing and converting macromolecular organic matters into simple soluble monomers or dimers under the action of hydrolase. The peptide bond of the protein is broken under the action of protease to generate dipeptide and polypeptide, and various amino acids are regenerated; the fat is decomposed into long-chain fatty acid and glycerol by the action of a fat hydrolase; hydrolyzing starch under the action of amylase to generate maltose and glucose; cellulose is hydrolyzed into sugars under the synergistic action of various cellulases. The main function of the stage is to convert macromolecular organic matters into micromolecular organic matters, so that the micromolecular organic matters can pass through cell membranes of microorganisms, and a matrix is provided for subsequent microorganism metabolism. 2) Acidification, the acidogenic process, refers to the conversion of organic matter in the form of soluble monomers or dimers by microorganisms into end products based on short chain fatty acids or alcohols. The monomers produced in these hydrolysis stages are further converted by microorganisms to volatile fatty acids, alcohols and other acidification products and H2、CO2And the like. 3) Producing hydrogen and acetic acid, wherein the acetic acid production process mainly converts more than two organic acids or alcohols and other substances generated in the acid production stage by hydrolysis into acetic acid and H2And CO2And the like, which can be directly utilized by methanogens. Under the standard condition, the hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing process of the organic acid can not be carried out spontaneously, and the hydrogen can inhibit the reaction, so the invention controls the right time to release the hydrogen through the hydrogen outlet before the reaction in the process, can reduce the hydrogen partial pressure of the system, and is beneficial to the product generation.
Mainly carrying out methanogenic fermentation in a methanogenic fermentation tank, wherein the reaction residence time is 60d, and the main reaction process comprises the following steps: under the action of methanogenic bacteria, substances such as acetic acid and the like generated in the previous stage are utilized to generate methane. The metabolic rate of methane bacteria is generally slow, and the methanogenesis pathway is to remove acetic acidBy decomposition of the carboxyl group into CH4And CO2According to the difference between the residence time of the methanogenic fermentation and the residence time of the hydrogen-producing fermentation, the volume ratio of the methanogenic fermentation tank to the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank is set to be 30: 1.
The control system adopted by the invention can monitor the parameters of temperature, pH and the like in the reaction processes in the two fermentation tanks in real time, and the whole system is in the optimal fermentation state through feedback adjustment.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and the present invention may be modified in materials and structures, or replaced with technical equivalents, in the constructions of the above-mentioned various components. Therefore, structural equivalents made by using the description and drawings of the present invention or by directly or indirectly applying to other related arts are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a kitchen garbage dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device which characterized in that: comprises two tank bodies of a hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and a methane-producing fermentation tank which are horizontally placed, wherein a first feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the first end of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank, a hydrogen discharge port is arranged at the upper part of the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank, a first discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the second end of the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank, a second feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the first end of the methane-producing fermentation tank, a methane discharge port is arranged at the upper part of the second end of the methane-producing fermentation tank, a second discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the second end of the methane-producing fermentation tank, the first discharge port is communicated with the second feed inlet through a connecting pipeline, a connecting valve for controlling the opening and closing of the connecting pipeline is arranged in the connecting pipeline, and the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank are both provided with, the hydrogen production fermentation tank with the methane production fermentation tank all be provided with the temperature control unit who is used for adjusting jar interior material temperature in the bottom, the hydrogen production fermentation tank with the methane production fermentation tank in all be provided with the spiral stirring propeller that is used for stirring and impels the material, pH control unit temperature control unit with spiral stirring propeller all be connected with external control system.
2. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spiral stirring propeller comprises a stirring shaft, a spiral blade connected with the stirring shaft and a gear box motor used for driving the stirring shaft to rotate positively and negatively, the stirring shaft is arranged along the central shaft of the tank body, one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the output end of the gear box motor, the spiral blade is fixed on the stirring shaft in a clockwise spiral shape, the spiral blade is provided with a stirring blade capable of opening and closing, when the stirring shaft rotates anticlockwise, the stirring blade is opened and is perpendicular to the spiral blade, and when the stirring shaft rotates clockwise, the stirring blade is closed and overlapped with the spiral blade.
3. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: the stirring blades are all arranged on one side, facing the second end of the tank body, of the spiral blades, one stirring blade is distributed at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumferential direction of the spiral blades, the stirring blades are fixed on the spiral blades in an openable and closable manner through movable shafts, and the movable shafts are arranged along the radial direction of the spiral blades.
4. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: the outer edge of the stirring blade is provided with a cutting edge, when the stirring blade is closed, the shape of the cutting edge is consistent with the shape of the outer edge of the spiral blade, the radian of the stirring blade is consistent with the radian of the spiral blade, the erection height of the stirring blade is 20-25 cm, and the rotating speed of the stirring shaft is 150-250 r/min.
5. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pH control unit comprises a pH sensor and an acid-base adding port, the pH sensor is arranged at the first end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the methane production fermentation tank respectively, the detection end of the pH sensor extends into the material in the tank body, the acid-base adding port is arranged above the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the methane production fermentation tank respectively and is positioned at the rear side of the first feed port and the second feed port respectively, and the pH sensor is connected with an external control system.
6. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature control unit include temperature sensor and water bath heating cabinet, temperature sensor set up respectively the hydrogen production fermentation cylinder with the first end of methanogenesis fermentation cylinder, just temperature sensor's sense terminal stretch into the internal material of jar in, the water bath heating cabinet set up respectively the hydrogen production fermentation cylinder with the bottom of methanogenesis fermentation cylinder, just the length of water bath heating cabinet cover the reaction stroke of the internal material of jar, temperature sensor and external control system be connected.
7. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: the connecting pipeline is internally provided with a connecting rod and a discharging propeller above the connecting valve, the discharging propeller is fixed on the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected with the stirring shaft through a connecting mechanism, and the stirring shaft drives the connecting rod and the discharging propeller to rotate when rotating.
8. The dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the methane production fermentation tank are both arranged to be inclined upwards from a first end to a second end, the inclination angle between the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the horizontal plane is 3-6 degrees, the volume ratio of the hydrogen production fermentation tank to the methane production fermentation tank is 1: 30, material sampling ports are respectively arranged at the second end of the hydrogen production fermentation tank and the second end of the methane production fermentation tank, valves are respectively arranged on the material sampling ports, the first feed port, the hydrogen gas discharge port, the methane discharge port and the second discharge port, and a sealing cover used for isolating air so as to ensure the anaerobic environment in the tank body is arranged at the top end of the first feed port.
9. A fermentation method adopting the dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device for kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) opening a first feeding hole, closing a first discharging hole, feeding the kitchen waste subjected to picking and crushing treatment into a hydrogen production fermentation tank from the first feeding hole, controlling a spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise for feeding, closing a first feeding hole channel after the feeding is finished, feeding nitrogen into the hydrogen production fermentation tank for 5min, opening an air discharging hole to discharge oxygen in the tank, closing a valve after the discharging is finished, and keeping the tank in an anaerobic state;
2) controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate anticlockwise to stir the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank so as to fully mix the materials, and opening a hydrogen gas outlet after a certain time so as to discharge and collect hydrogen gas into the hydrogen tank; monitoring and adjusting the temperature and the pH value in the hydrogen production fermentation tank in real time;
3) after the materials in the hydrogen production fermentation tank react for 48 hours, closing a hydrogen outlet channel, opening a first discharge port and a second feed port, simultaneously controlling a spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise, propelling the materials in the hydrogen production fermentation tank into a methane production fermentation tank, closing the second feed port channel after the materials in the hydrogen production fermentation tank are pushed, inputting nitrogen into the methane production fermentation tank for 5min to remove oxygen in the tank, and keeping the closed state in the tank;
4) controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate anticlockwise to stir the materials in the methane-producing fermentation tank so as to fully mix the materials, and opening a methane discharge port after a certain time so as to discharge and collect methane; monitoring and adjusting the temperature and the pH value in the hydrogen production fermentation tank in real time; and after reacting for 60d, closing the methane discharge port channel, opening the second discharge port, controlling the spiral stirring propeller to rotate clockwise to discharge, and discharging the product from the second discharge port and conveying the product to a downstream sterilization device.
10. A fermentation method using the kitchen waste dry two-phase anaerobic fermentation device of claim 9, characterized in that: the water content of the materials in the hydrogen-producing fermentation tank and the methane-producing fermentation tank is not less than 80%, and the volume ratio of the materials to the tank body is 1/2-3/4; the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 55 +/-2 ℃, the fermentation pH is 5.0-6.0, and the rotating speed of the spiral stirring propeller is 100 r/min; the fermentation temperature in the step 4) is 55-56 ℃, the fermentation pH is 6.5-7.8, and the rotating speed of the spiral stirring propeller is 80 r/min.
CN202010758207.0A 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 Dry-type two-phase anaerobic fermentation device and fermentation method for kitchen waste Pending CN111996106A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113073047A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-07-06 浙江大学 Turbulent flow type reaction kettle and method for producing methane
CN114854571A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-08-05 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 Intelligent blending control system for fish feed raw material fermentation equipment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113073047A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-07-06 浙江大学 Turbulent flow type reaction kettle and method for producing methane
CN114854571A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-08-05 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 Intelligent blending control system for fish feed raw material fermentation equipment

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