CN111992693A - Vacuum suction casting method and device for high-manganese damping alloy fired mold - Google Patents
Vacuum suction casting method and device for high-manganese damping alloy fired mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992693A CN111992693A CN202010157811.8A CN202010157811A CN111992693A CN 111992693 A CN111992693 A CN 111992693A CN 202010157811 A CN202010157811 A CN 202010157811A CN 111992693 A CN111992693 A CN 111992693A
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Mn-Cu-based damping alloy preparation, in particular to a vacuum suction casting method and device for a high-manganese damping alloy fired mold. Putting electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu and electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace, introducing Ar gas protective gas into the smelting furnace, opening a medium-frequency induction furnace to heat the raw materials after the smelting furnace is completely filled with the protective gas, and standing for a period of time after the metal is completely melted so as to fully melt alloy elements; preheating the investment pattern shell, putting the investment pattern shell into a vacuum box, vacuumizing a vacuum suction casting chamber after molten metal formed by the raw materials is cooled, and then releasing pressure to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace; and after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially performing machining and heat treatment to obtain a final product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Mn-Cu-based damping alloy preparation, in particular to a vacuum suction casting method and device for a high-manganese damping alloy fired mold.
Background
Various vibration source components designed and manufactured by adopting the damping alloy can effectively reduce the generation of vibration and fundamentally reduce the harm caused by vibration and noise. At present, the practical application of Mn-Cu-based damping alloy in China is limited to medium-low Mn type alloy, the damping performance of the alloy is improved along with the increase of Mn content, when Mn is more than 70 wt.%, the alloy has higher damping performance, but the Mn element is extremely easy to oxidize and has higher vapor pressure, so that the preparation is difficult. Therefore, the main hindering factor for less application research of the high-manganese Mn-Cu-based damping alloy in China is the difficulty in the first-step preparation technology for determining the performance of the high-manganese-content alloy, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) due to the characteristic that Mn element is easy to oxidize, the damping and mechanical properties of the alloy can be obviously reduced due to the existence of the generated manganese oxide inclusion. Meanwhile, the evaporation pressure of the Mn element is high, so that the volatilization of the Mn element is easily increased by vacuum melting, the Mn content in a stable range is difficult to obtain, and the vacuum induction melting cannot be applied to the preparation of high-manganese damping alloy in large volume and large batch.
(2) The limitation of the smelting equipment also causes great difficulty in the smelting protection of the high-manganese damping alloy. The airtightness of the high-manganese damping alloy smelting equipment needs to be improved, and air easily enters the smelting chamber from different places of the equipment in the smelting process. Meanwhile, the protective gas is easy to leak due to insufficient tightness of the equipment.
(3) The casting mode needs to be improved, the high-manganese damping alloy has poor fluidity and is easier to oxidize under high-temperature conditions, and if the molten alloy is exposed to air during casting, the oxidation is undoubtedly more serious.
1. Smelting in a vacuum induction furnace: mn has high vapor pressure, and the negative pressure state causes the increase of the volatilization loss of Mn element and the pollution of the environment.
2. Intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace: however, since Mn is easily oxidized, when a covering agent such as a chlorine salt or a fluorine salt is selected for protecting the melting, Cl is easily formed at a high temperature2And toxic gases such as HF (hydrogen fluoride) not only corrode and damage equipment, but also corrode and pollute the alloy. Meanwhile, because the density of the solvent used by the covering agent is greater than that of the alloy, on one hand, the solvent sinks on the surface of the alloy melt, and the solvent can be continuously smelted and protected by adding the solvent all the time, so that the using amount of the solvent is large. On the other hand, if the solvent does not completely precipitate on the bottom of the furnace, the solvent remains as impurities in the alloy melt, and is harmful to the damping and mechanical properties of the alloy. If gas protection is adopted, protective gas leakage and air entering are inevitably caused, and the alloy is easy to be seriously oxidized in the smelting process.
3. The combined smelting method of the graphite crucible furnace and the steel furnace comprises the following steps: the combined smelting method can effectively solve the problem of serious oxidation of Mn element. But the method is only suitable for smelting the low Mn type Mn-Cu base damping alloy, and inevitably causes serious volatilization loss of Mn elements along with the increase of Mn content. Meanwhile, the process is relatively complex and tedious.
4. Powder metallurgy: the size of the finished product is severely limited by the size of the die, the cost of the die is high, and the method is not beneficial to the large-scale mass production of the Mn-Cu-based damping alloy with high manganese content.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum suction casting process for a high-manganese damping alloy fired mold, which is used for solving a plurality of problems in the background technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a vacuum suction casting method for a high-manganese damping alloy fired mold is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, putting electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu and electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace; introducing Ar gas into the smelting furnace as protective gas; after the smelting furnace is completely filled with protective gas and the vacuum box is filled with protective gas through the liquid lifting pipe, the medium-frequency induction furnace is opened to heat the raw materials, and after the metal is completely molten, the raw materials are stood so that alloy elements are fully melted;
secondly, preheating the investment mold shell, putting the investment mold shell into a vacuum box, continuously vacuumizing the vacuum box after the molten metal is cooled to 1100-1200 ℃, enabling the molten metal to enter the investment mold shell through a liquid lifting pipe and a phi-shaped pipe, keeping the vacuum degree until the molten metal is completely filled and solidified, and then releasing pressure to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace;
and thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially performing machining and heat treatment to obtain a final product.
In the first step, the mass ratio of electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu and electrolytic Ni is 75:20: 5; the pressure of Ar gas is 3500 Pa; the heating temperature is 1300-1350 ℃, and the standing time is 10-15 min.
In the second step, the temperature of the preheated investment shell is 800-1000 ℃.
In the second step, continuously vacuumizing the vacuum box until the vacuum degree reaches 50-60 kPa; the time for keeping the vacuum degree is 15-20 min.
And in the second step, before the vacuum box is continuously vacuumized, the vacuum pump vacuumizes the vacuum tank, and after the vacuum degree reaches 60-70 kPa, a valve between the vacuum tank and the vacuum box is opened, so that the vacuum box is vacuumized.
In the third step, the heat treatment parameters are as follows: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃.
The invention also provides reaction equipment for realizing the suction casting method, which is characterized by comprising a smelting furnace, a vacuum tank, a vacuum box and a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum tank, the outlet of the vacuum tank is connected with the vacuum box through a pipeline, the vacuum box is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace, and the bottom of the smelting furnace is communicated with an argon gas pipeline; a fusible pattern shell is arranged in the vacuum box and is connected with a liquid lifting pipe extending into the smelting furnace. The liquid lifting pipe extends into the smelting furnace from the bottom of the cavity of the vacuum box, and the phi-shaped pipe is adopted in the vacuum box to connect the investment shell and the liquid lifting pipe, so that the problem of central positioning of the investment shell is simply and conveniently solved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the invention is protected by introducing Ar gas through a smelting furnace: ar gas is filled in the smelting furnace, so that the oxidation of Mn is avoided; since the equilibrium vapor pressure of Mn element at 1500 ℃ is 2700Pa, volatilization of Mn can be suppressed when Ar is introduced at 3500 Pa.
2. The temperature of the investment mold shell is 800-1000 ℃, so that the molten metal is prevented from being solidified too fast, the fluidity of the molten metal is ensured, and the molten metal is completely filled.
3. The invention adopts the following steps of vacuumizing a suction casting chamber: the vacuum degree is 50-60kPa, and the vacuum degree is adjusted, so that the suction casting speed is controlled, and the mold filling is stable; meanwhile, because the investment shell is in a vacuum state, the oxidation of Mn is reduced.
4. According to the invention, the liquid lifting pipe is connected with the investment shell by the phi-shaped pipe, the connection between the independent liquid lifting pipe and the investment shell is easy to cause deviation, and the problem of shell center positioning can be simply and conveniently solved by using the phi-shaped pipe for transferring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a reaction apparatus of the present invention. 1. Vacuum pump, 2, vacuum tank, 3, vacuum box, 4, investment pattern shell, 5, phi-shaped pipe, 6, lift tube, 7, smelting furnace, 8, protective gas pipeline, 9 connecting part of lift tube and investment pattern shell.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the riser tube to investment shell junction 9 of the present invention. 4. Investment pattern shell, 5 phi-shaped tube, 6 lift tube, 10 high temperature resistant sealing ring.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of alloy twin crystals of different preparation processes of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of alloy twins.
As can be seen from fig. 3, butterfly martensite is present in the alloy, demonstrating the martensitic transformation of the alloy. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the substructure of the butterfly martensite is a twin crystal, and the twin crystal boundary slides under the action of external vibration stress, so that energy is dissipated and vibration is attenuated. The twin crystal is the root cause of the damping performance of the alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: with reference to fig. 1-2, a vacuum suction casting process for a high manganese damping alloy fired mold comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 75kg of electrolytic Mn, 20kg of electrolytic Cu and 5kg of electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace, introducing Ar gas into the smelting furnace to 3500Pa, opening a medium-frequency induction furnace to heat raw materials after protective gas is completely filled in the smelting furnace and a vacuum box is filled through a lift tube, heating to 1300 ℃, standing for 10-15 min after metal is completely melted so as to fully melt alloy elements;
secondly, preheating the investment mold shell to 800 ℃, putting the investment mold shell into a vacuum box, vacuumizing a vacuum suction casting chamber after the molten metal is cooled to 1200 ℃, continuously vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 60kPa, keeping the vacuum degree for 16-18 min, and then releasing pressure to enable the molten metal in a liquid lifting pipe to flow back to a smelting furnace;
and thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially carrying out machining and heat treatment: and the heat treatment parameters are as follows: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃ to obtain the final product.
Example two: with reference to fig. 1-2, a vacuum suction casting process for a high manganese damping alloy fired mold comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 75kg of electrolytic Mn, 20kg of electrolytic Cu and 5kg of electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace, introducing Ar gas into the smelting furnace to 3500Pa, opening a medium-frequency induction furnace to heat raw materials after protective gas is completely filled in the smelting furnace and a vacuum box is filled through a lift tube, heating to 1350 ℃, standing for 10-15 min after metal is completely melted so as to fully melt alloy elements;
secondly, preheating the investment pattern shell to 800 ℃, putting the investment pattern shell into a vacuum box, vacuumizing a vacuum suction casting chamber after the molten metal is cooled to 1200 ℃, continuously vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa, keeping the vacuum degree for 16-18 min, and then releasing the vacuum to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace;
and thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially carrying out machining and heat treatment: and the heat treatment parameters are as follows: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃ to obtain the final product.
Example three: with reference to fig. 1-2, a vacuum suction casting process for a high manganese damping alloy fired mold comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 75kg of electrolytic Mn, 20kg of electrolytic Cu and 5kg of electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace, introducing Ar gas into the smelting furnace to 3500Pa, opening a medium-frequency induction furnace to heat raw materials after protective gas is completely filled in the smelting furnace and a vacuum box is filled through a lift tube, heating to 1350 ℃, standing for 10-15 min after metal is completely melted so as to fully melt alloy elements;
secondly, preheating the investment mold shell to 800 ℃, putting the investment mold shell into a vacuum box, vacuumizing a vacuum suction casting chamber after the molten metal is cooled to 1150 ℃, continuously vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa, keeping the vacuum degree for 16-18 min, and then releasing the vacuum to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace;
and thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially carrying out machining and heat treatment: and the heat treatment parameters are as follows: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃ to obtain the final product.
Example four: with reference to fig. 1-2, a vacuum suction casting process for a high manganese damping alloy fired mold comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 75kg of electrolytic Mn, 20kg of electrolytic Cu and 5kg of electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace, introducing Ar gas into the smelting furnace to 3500Pa, opening a medium-frequency induction furnace to heat raw materials after protective gas is completely filled in the smelting furnace and a vacuum box is filled through a lift tube, heating to 1350 ℃, standing for 10-15 min after metal is completely melted so as to fully melt alloy elements;
secondly, preheating the investment mold shell to 900 ℃, putting the investment mold shell into a vacuum box, vacuumizing a vacuum suction casting chamber after the molten metal is cooled to 1150 ℃, continuously vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa, keeping the vacuum degree for 16-18 min, and then releasing the vacuum to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace;
and thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially carrying out machining and heat treatment: and the heat treatment parameters are as follows: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃ to obtain the final product.
Comparative example: a high manganese damping alloy smelting process comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 75kg of electrolytic Mn, 20kg of electrolytic Cu and 5kg of electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace, opening a medium-frequency induction furnace to heat raw materials, heating to 1300 ℃ until metal is completely melted, and standing for 5min to facilitate alloying elements to be melted in;
and secondly, preheating the metal mold to 700 ℃, pouring molten metal into the metal mold by a pouring smelting furnace. And cooling to obtain the required cast ingot.
The reaction equipment for realizing the process comprises a smelting furnace, a vacuum tank, a vacuum box and a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum tank, the outlet of the vacuum tank is connected with the vacuum box through a pipeline, the vacuum box is arranged at the top of the smelting furnace, and the bottom of the smelting furnace is communicated with a protective gas pipe; the vacuum pumping operation of the vacuum suction casting chamber is as follows: and (3) vacuumizing the vacuum tank by using a vacuum pump, opening a valve between the vacuum tank and the vacuum box after the vacuum degree reaches 55-60 kPa, vacuumizing the vacuum box to form negative pressure, allowing the molten metal to enter the cavity through the riser pipe, and releasing the pressure after the molten metal is completely filled and solidified to make the residual molten metal in the riser pipe flow back to the smelting furnace. The liquid lifting pipe extends into the cavity of the smelting furnace from the bottom of the cavity of the vacuum box, and the phi-shaped pipe is adopted in the vacuum box to connect the shell and the liquid lifting pipe, so that the problem of shell center positioning is simply and conveniently solved.
1. The invention is protected by introducing Ar gas through a smelting furnace: ar gas is filled in the smelting furnace, so that the oxidation of Mn is avoided; the equilibrium vapor pressure of Mn element at 1500 ℃ is 2700Pa, so that when the pressure of Ar is 3500Pa, the volatilization of Mn can be inhibited;
2. the temperature of the investment mold shell is 800-;
3. the invention adopts the following steps of vacuumizing a suction casting chamber: the vacuum degree is 50-60kPa, and the vacuum degree is adjusted, so that the suction casting speed is controlled, and the mold filling is stable; meanwhile, because the investment shell is in a vacuum state, the oxidation of Mn is reduced;
4. according to the invention, the liquid lifting pipe is connected with the investment shell by the phi-shaped pipe, the connection between the independent liquid lifting pipe and the investment shell is easy to cause deviation, and the problem of shell center positioning can be simply and conveniently solved by using the phi-shaped pipe for transferring.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of Mn-Cu alloys after Heat treatment
| Test number | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Damping Property (tan delta) |
| Comparative example | 460 | 255 | 0.0413 |
| Example 1 | 500 | 279 | 0.0536 |
| Example 2 | 513 | 286 | 0.0549 |
| Example 3 | 529 | 293 | 0.0563 |
| Example 4 | 540 | 305 | 0.0576 |
From the alloy obtained by metal mold casting in the comparative example in table 1, it can be seen that the tensile strength of the comparative example is 460MPa, the yield strength is 255MPa, the damping performance is 0.0413, the tensile strength of example 4 is 540MPa, the yield strength is 305MPa, the damping performance is 0.0576, the tensile strength is improved by 17.4%, the yield strength is improved by 19.6%, and the damping performance is improved by 39.5% compared with the comparative example. Therefore, the Mn-Cu damping alloy with good mechanical property and excellent damping property can be stably prepared by the process.
Claims (9)
1. A high-manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting device is characterized by comprising a smelting furnace, a vacuum tank, a vacuum box and a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum tank, an outlet of the vacuum tank is connected with the vacuum box through a pipeline, the vacuum box is placed at the top of the smelting furnace, and the bottom of the smelting furnace is communicated with a gas pipeline of argon; a fusible pattern shell is arranged in the vacuum box and is connected with a liquid lifting pipe extending into the smelting furnace.
2. The high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lift tube extends from the bottom of the vacuum box into the melting furnace, and a phi-shaped tube is adopted in the vacuum box to connect the investment shell and the lift tube.
3. The method for carrying out vacuum suction casting of the high-manganese damping alloy fired mold by adopting the device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
firstly, putting electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu and electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace; introducing Ar gas into the smelting furnace as protective gas; after the smelting furnace is completely filled with protective gas and the vacuum box is filled with protective gas through the lift pipe, the medium-frequency induction furnace is opened to heat the raw materials, and after the metal is completely melted, the raw materials are kept stand to fully melt alloy elements;
secondly, preheating the investment mold shell and putting the investment mold shell into a vacuum box, continuously vacuumizing the vacuum box after the molten metal is cooled to 1100-1200 ℃, enabling the molten metal to enter the investment mold shell through a liquid lifting pipe and a phi-shaped pipe, keeping the vacuum degree until the molten metal is completely filled and solidified, and then releasing pressure to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace;
and thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially performing machining and heat treatment to obtain a final product.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the first step, the mass ratio of electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu and electrolytic Ni is 75:20: 5; the pressure of Ar gas is 3500 Pa; the heating temperature is 1300-1350 ℃, and the standing time is 10-15 min.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein in the second step, the preheated investment shell temperature is 800-1000 ℃.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein in the second step, the vacuum box is continuously vacuumized until the vacuum degree reaches 50-60 kPa; the time for keeping the vacuum degree is 15-20 min.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, before the vacuum box is continuously vacuumized, the vacuum pump vacuumizes the vacuum tank, and after the vacuum degree reaches 60-70 kPa, a valve between the vacuum tank and the vacuum box is opened to vacuumize the vacuum box.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein in the third step, the heat treatment parameters are: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃.
9. The method of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
firstly, putting electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu and electrolytic Ni into a smelting furnace; the mass ratio of electrolytic Mn to electrolytic Cu to electrolytic Ni is 75:20:5, and 3500Pa Ar gas is introduced into the smelting furnace as protective gas; after the smelting furnace is completely filled with protective gas and the vacuum box is filled with protective gas through the lift pipe, the medium-frequency induction furnace is opened to heat the raw materials, the raw materials are heated to 1350 ℃, and after the metal is completely melted, the raw materials are kept stand for 10-15 min so that alloy elements can be fully melted;
secondly, preheating the investment shell to 900 ℃, putting the investment shell into a vacuum box, continuously vacuumizing the vacuum box until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa after the molten metal is cooled to 1150 ℃, so that the molten metal enters the investment shell through a liquid lifting pipe and a phi-shaped pipe, keeping the vacuum degree for 16-18 min until the molten metal is completely filled and solidified, and then releasing pressure to enable the molten metal in the liquid lifting pipe to flow back into the smelting furnace;
thirdly, after the alloy is solidified, removing a dead head, and then sequentially performing machining and heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment parameters are as follows: solid solution is carried out for 1h at 900 ℃ and aging is carried out for 8h at 430 ℃ to obtain the final product.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113430434A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-24 | 上海大学 | High-damping manganese-copper alloy for wide-temperature-zone service and preparation method thereof |
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