CN111992693A - A kind of high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting method and device - Google Patents
A kind of high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting method and device Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical class Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical class F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
本发明涉及Mn‑Cu基阻尼合金制备技术领域，具体为一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸方法和装置。将电解Mn、电解Cu、电解Ni放入熔炼炉内，向熔炼炉内通入Ar气保护气体，待保护气完全充满熔炼炉后，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，待金属完全熔化后，静置一段时间以便合金元素充分熔入；对熔模型壳预热并将其放入真空箱，待上述原料形成的金属液冷却后对真空吸铸室抽真空，然后释压使升液管内的金属液回流到熔炼炉内；待合金凝固结束，去除冒口后依次进行机加工、热处理，获得最终产品。
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of Mn-Cu-based damping alloys, in particular to a high-manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting method and device. Put the electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu, and electrolytic Ni into the melting furnace, and pass the Ar gas shielding gas into the melting furnace. After the shielding gas is completely filled with the melting furnace, open the intermediate frequency induction furnace to heat the raw materials. After the metal is completely melted, Let it stand for a period of time so that the alloying elements can be fully melted; preheat the melting mold shell and put it into a vacuum box, and after the molten metal formed by the above raw materials is cooled, the vacuum suction casting chamber is evacuated, and then the pressure is released to make the liquid in the riser pipe. The molten metal is returned to the smelting furnace; after the solidification of the alloy is completed, machining and heat treatment are performed in sequence after removing the riser to obtain the final product.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及Mn-Cu基阻尼合金制备技术领域，具体为一种高锰 阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸方法和装置。The invention relates to the technical field of Mn-Cu-based damping alloy preparation, in particular to a high-manganese damping alloy investment mold vacuum suction casting method and device.
背景技术Background technique
采用阻尼合金来设计制造的各类振动源构件可有效地减轻振动 的产生,从根本上降低振动和噪声所产生的危害。国内目前对Mn-Cu 基阻尼合金的实际应用仅限于中低Mn型合金，而合金的阻尼性能 随Mn含量的增高而提高，当Mn>70wt.％时，合金具备较高的阻尼 性能，但由于Mn元素极易氧化，且具有较高的蒸气压，使得制备 困难。因此，国内对高锰Mn-Cu基阻尼合金的应用研究较少的主要 阻碍因素是决定高锰含量合金性能的第一步的制备技术上的困难，体 现如下几方面：All kinds of vibration source components designed and manufactured with damping alloys can effectively reduce the generation of vibration and fundamentally reduce the harm caused by vibration and noise. At present, the practical application of Mn-Cu-based damping alloys in China is limited to medium and low Mn alloys, and the damping properties of the alloys increase with the increase of Mn content. When Mn>70wt.%, the alloys have higher damping properties, but Since Mn is easily oxidized and has a high vapor pressure, the preparation is difficult. Therefore, the main obstacle to the application of high-manganese Mn-Cu-based damping alloys in China is the difficulty in the preparation of the first step to determine the performance of high-manganese content alloys, which is reflected in the following aspects:
(1)由于Mn元素极易氧化的特性，生成的氧化锰夹杂的存在 会显著降低合金的阻尼与力学性能。与此同时，由于Mn元素的蒸 气压较高，真空熔炼易使Mn元素的挥发加大，难以获得稳定范围 内的Mn含量，真空感应熔炼不能大体积、大批量的适应于高锰阻 尼合金的制备。(1) Due to the easy oxidation of Mn element, the presence of the generated manganese oxide inclusions will significantly reduce the damping and mechanical properties of the alloy. At the same time, due to the high vapor pressure of Mn element, vacuum smelting is easy to increase the volatilization of Mn element, and it is difficult to obtain a stable Mn content. preparation.
(2)熔炼设备的局限性对高锰阻尼合金熔炼保护也造成很大难 度。高锰阻尼合金熔炼设备的密闭性有待提高，熔炼过程中空气易从 设备的不同地方进入熔室。同时，保护气体也因设备密闭性不足而容 易泄露。(2) The limitation of smelting equipment also causes great difficulty in the smelting protection of high manganese damping alloys. The airtightness of the high manganese damping alloy smelting equipment needs to be improved. During the smelting process, air can easily enter the melting chamber from different places of the equipment. At the same time, the protective gas is also easy to leak due to insufficient airtightness of the equipment.
(3)浇注方式也有待提高，高锰阻尼合金流动性差，高温条件 下更易氧化，若合金熔液在浇注时暴露于空气中，无疑会使氧化更加 严重。(3) The pouring method also needs to be improved. The high manganese damping alloy has poor fluidity and is more prone to oxidation under high temperature conditions. If the alloy melt is exposed to the air during pouring, the oxidation will undoubtedly be more serious.
1.真空感应炉熔炼：Mn具有很高的蒸气压，负压状态引起Mn 元素挥发损耗的增加和环境的污染。1. Smelting in vacuum induction furnace: Mn has a high vapor pressure, and the negative pressure state causes the increase of Mn element volatilization loss and environmental pollution.
2.中频感应熔炼炉：但由于Mn元素的易氧化特性，在保护熔炼 方面，若选用氯盐或氟盐等覆盖剂，则容易在高温下生成Cl2、HF等 有毒气体，不仅对设备造成腐蚀和破坏，同时也对合金造成腐蚀和污 染。同时，由于覆盖剂所使用的溶剂密度均大于合金，这一方面导致 溶剂在合金熔液表面会下沉，需要一直添加才能够持续进行熔炼保护， 使得溶剂使用量大。另一方面，溶剂若没有完全沉淀到炉底，则会残 留在合金熔液中成为杂质，有害于合金的阻尼及力学性能。若采用气 体保护，则难免会造成保护气体泄露和空气进入，易使合金在熔炼过 程中氧化严重。2. Intermediate frequency induction melting furnace: However, due to the easy oxidation characteristics of Mn element, in terms of protective melting, if a covering agent such as chlorine salt or fluorine salt is used, it is easy to generate toxic gases such as Cl 2 and HF at high temperature, which not only causes damage to the equipment. Corrosion and damage, but also corrosion and contamination of the alloy. At the same time, since the density of the solvent used in the covering agent is higher than that of the alloy, on the one hand, the solvent will sink on the surface of the alloy melt, and it needs to be added all the time for continuous smelting protection, resulting in a large amount of solvent used. On the other hand, if the solvent is not completely precipitated to the bottom of the furnace, it will remain in the alloy melt as an impurity, which is detrimental to the damping and mechanical properties of the alloy. If gas protection is used, it will inevitably cause the leakage of protective gas and the entry of air, which is easy to cause serious oxidation of the alloy during the smelting process.
3.石墨坩埚炉和炼钢炉联合熔炼法：联合熔炼法能够有效的解决 Mn元素氧化严重的问题。但仅适用于低Mn型Mn-Cu基阻尼合金 的熔炼，随Mn含量的增加，必然会导致Mn元素的挥发损耗严重。 同时，该工艺过程相对复杂繁琐。3. Combined melting method of graphite crucible furnace and steelmaking furnace: Combined melting method can effectively solve the problem of serious oxidation of Mn element. However, it is only suitable for the smelting of low Mn type Mn-Cu-based damping alloys. With the increase of Mn content, it will inevitably lead to serious volatilization loss of Mn element. At the same time, the technological process is relatively complicated and cumbersome.
4.粉末冶金法：此方法成品尺寸因模具大小而受到严重限制，且 模具费用高，不利于高锰含量的Mn-Cu基阻尼合金大体积和规模化 批量生产。4. Powder metallurgy method: The size of the finished product of this method is severely limited by the size of the mold, and the cost of the mold is high, which is not conducive to the large-scale and large-scale mass production of Mn-Cu-based damping alloys with high manganese content.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸工艺，用 以解决背景技术中存在的众多问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting process, in order to solve the numerous problems existing in the background technology.
本发明提供如下技术方案：一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸方法， 其特征是，包括以下步骤：The present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting method, characterized in that it includes the following steps:
第一步，将电解Mn、电解Cu、电解Ni放入熔炼炉内；向熔炼 炉内通入Ar气作为保护气体；待保护气完全充满熔炼炉后并通过升 液管充满真空箱后，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，待金属完全熔 化后，静置以便合金元素充分熔入；The first step is to put electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu, and electrolytic Ni into the smelting furnace; pass Ar gas into the smelting furnace as a protective gas; after the protective gas is completely filled with the smelting furnace and the vacuum box is filled through the liquid riser, open the The intermediate frequency induction furnace heats the raw materials, and after the metal is completely melted, it is left to stand so that the alloy elements are fully melted;
第二步，对熔模型壳预热并将其放入真空箱，待金属液冷却到 1100℃～1200℃后对真空箱持续抽真空使得金属液通过升液管、Φ型 管进入熔模型壳，保持真空度待金属液完全充型凝固，然后释压使升 液管内的金属液回流到熔炼炉内；The second step is to preheat the molten model shell and put it into the vacuum box. After the molten metal is cooled to 1100 ° C ~ 1200 ° C, the vacuum box is continuously evacuated so that the molten metal enters the molten mold shell through the liquid riser and the Φ-shaped tube. , keep the vacuum degree until the molten metal is completely filled and solidified, and then release the pressure to make the molten metal in the liquid riser return to the melting furnace;
第三步，待合金凝固结束，去除冒口后依次进行机加工、热处理， 获得最终产品。In the third step, after the solidification of the alloy is completed, machining and heat treatment are performed in sequence after removing the riser to obtain the final product.
第一步中，电解Mn、电解Cu、电解Ni的质量比为75:20:5；Ar 气的压力为3500Pa；加热温度为1300℃-1350℃，静置时间为10～ 15min。In the first step, the mass ratio of electrolytic Mn, electrolytic Cu, and electrolytic Ni is 75:20:5; the pressure of Ar gas is 3500Pa;
第二步中，所述预热后的熔模型壳温度为800-1000℃。In the second step, the temperature of the preheated fusion mold shell is 800-1000°C.
第二步中，对真空箱持续抽真空至真空度达到50～60kPa；保持 真空度的时间为15～20min。In the second step, the vacuum box is continuously evacuated until the degree of vacuum reaches 50-60kPa; the time for maintaining the degree of vacuum is 15-20min.
第二步中，在对真空箱持续抽真空前，真空泵对真空罐抽真空， 真空度达到60～70kPa后再打开真空罐与真空箱之间的阀门，对真空 箱抽真空。In the second step, before the vacuum box is continuously evacuated, the vacuum pump vacuumizes the vacuum tank. When the vacuum degree reaches 60-70kPa, the valve between the vacuum tank and the vacuum box is opened, and the vacuum box is evacuated.
第三步中，热处理参数：900℃固溶1h+430℃时效8h。In the third step, heat treatment parameters: 900°C solution for 1h + 430°C aging for 8h.
本发明还提供了一种实现上述吸铸方法的反应设备，其特征是， 所述的反应设备包括熔炼炉、真空罐、真空箱、真空泵，所述的真空 泵与所述的真空罐连接，真空罐出口与真空箱通过管路连接，真空箱 放置于所述的熔炼炉的顶部，熔炼炉的底部连通有氩气的气体管路； 真空箱内设有熔模型壳，熔模型壳与伸入到熔炼炉内的升液管连接。 所述的升液管由真空箱的腔体底部延伸至所述的熔炼炉内，真空箱内 采用Φ型管连接熔模型壳与升液管，简单便捷的解决了熔模型壳中 心定位的问题。The present invention also provides a reaction device for realizing the above suction casting method, characterized in that, the reaction device includes a melting furnace, a vacuum tank, a vacuum box, and a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum tank, and the vacuum The outlet of the tank is connected with the vacuum box through a pipeline, the vacuum box is placed on the top of the melting furnace, and the bottom of the melting furnace is connected with a gas pipeline of argon; Connection to the riser inside the smelting furnace. The liquid riser extends from the bottom of the cavity of the vacuum box into the melting furnace, and a Φ-shaped pipe is used in the vacuum box to connect the melting model shell and the liquid riser, which simply and conveniently solves the problem of central positioning of the melting model shell. .
本发明的有益效果如下：1.本发明通过熔炼炉通入Ar气保护： Ar气充满熔炼炉，避免了Mn的氧化；Mn元素在1500℃平衡蒸气压 为2700Pa，所以当通入Ar的压力为3500Pa时，可以抑制Mn的挥 发。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention is protected by introducing Ar gas through the smelting furnace: Ar gas fills the smelting furnace, avoiding the oxidation of Mn; When it is 3500Pa, volatilization of Mn can be suppressed.
2.本发明熔模型壳温度为800-1000℃，防止金属液过快凝固，保 证金属液流动性，使金属液充型完全。2. The temperature of the molten metal shell of the present invention is 800-1000°C, which prevents the molten metal from solidifying too quickly, ensures the fluidity of the molten metal, and makes the molten metal fill the mold completely.
3.本发明采用对吸铸室抽真空：真空度为50-60kPa，调整真空度， 从而控制吸铸速度，使充型平稳；同时由于熔模型壳处于真空状态， 减少了Mn的氧化。3. The present invention adopts vacuuming of the suction casting chamber: the vacuum degree is 50-60kPa, and the vacuum degree is adjusted to control the suction casting speed and make the filling stable; at the same time, because the melting mold shell is in a vacuum state, the oxidation of Mn is reduced.
4.本发明在升液管与熔模型壳之间使用Φ型管连接，单独的升液 管和熔模型壳之间的连接容易造成偏差，使用Φ型管进行中转可以 简单便捷的解决型壳中心定位问题。4. In the present invention, a Φ-shaped pipe is used to connect the liquid riser and the melting model shell. The connection between the separate liquid riser and the melting model shell is likely to cause deviation. Using the Φ-shaped pipe for transfer can simply and conveniently solve the problem of the mold shell. centering problem.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明反应设备结构示意图。1、真空泵，2、真空罐，3、 真空箱，4、熔模型壳，5、Φ型管，6、升液管，7、熔炼炉，8、保 护气体管道，升液管与熔模型壳连接处9。Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the reaction equipment of the present invention. 1. Vacuum pump, 2. Vacuum tank, 3. Vacuum box, 4. Melting model shell, 5. Φ-shaped tube, 6. Liquid riser, 7. Melting furnace, 8. Protective gas pipeline, liquid riser and melting model shell Connection 9.
图2为本发明的升液管与熔模型壳连接处9的放大示意图。4、 熔模型壳，5、Φ型管，6、升液管，10、耐高温密封圈。FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the connection 9 between the liquid riser and the fusion mold shell of the present invention. 4. Melting model shell, 5. Φ-shaped tube, 6. Liquid riser tube, 10. High temperature sealing ring.
图3为本发明不同制备工艺合金孪晶的SEM图。FIG. 3 is an SEM image of alloy twins in different preparation processes of the present invention.
图4为合金孪晶的TEM图。Figure 4 is a TEM image of alloy twins.
从图3可以看出，合金中存在蝶状马氏体，证明合金发生马氏体 相变。从图4可以看出，蝶状马氏体的亚结构为孪晶，孪晶界在外界 振动应力作用下发生滑移，从而耗散能量，使振动发生衰减。孪晶的 出现是合金具有阻尼性能的根本原因。It can be seen from Figure 3 that there is butterfly martensite in the alloy, which proves that the alloy has undergone martensitic transformation. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the substructure of butterfly martensite is twin, and the twin boundary slips under the action of external vibration stress, thereby dissipating energy and damping vibration. The appearance of twins is the fundamental reason for the damping properties of alloys.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方 案进行描述。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
实施例一：结合图1-2，一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸工艺， 包括以下步骤：Embodiment 1: Referring to Figures 1-2, a high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting process includes the following steps:
第一步，向熔炼炉内添加75kg电解Mn、20kg电解Cu、5kg电 解Ni，向熔炼炉内通入Ar气至3500Pa，待保护气完全充满熔炼炉后 并通过升液管充满真空箱后，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，加热 到1300℃待金属完全熔化后，静置10～15min以便合金元素充分熔入；The first step, add 75kg electrolytic Mn, 20kg electrolytic Cu, 5kg electrolytic Ni in the smelting furnace, pass Ar gas to 3500Pa in the smelting furnace, after the protective gas is completely filled with the smelting furnace and after the vacuum box is filled by the liquid riser, Turn on the intermediate frequency induction furnace to heat the raw material, heat it to 1300 ℃ and after the metal is completely melted, let it stand for 10-15 minutes so that the alloy elements can be fully melted;
第二步，对熔模型壳预热至800℃并将其放入真空箱，待金属液 冷却到1200℃后对真空吸铸室抽真空，持续抽真空至真空度达到 60kPa，保持该真空度16～18min，然后释压使升液管内的金属液回 流到熔炼炉内；The second step is to preheat the melting mold shell to 800 °C and put it into a vacuum box. After the molten metal is cooled to 1200 °C, the vacuum suction casting chamber is evacuated, and the vacuum is continuously evacuated until the vacuum degree reaches 60kPa, and the vacuum degree is maintained. 16 ~ 18min, and then release the pressure to make the molten metal in the riser return to the melting furnace;
第三步，待合金凝固结束，去除冒口后依次进行机加工、热处理：， 热处理参数：900℃固溶1h+430℃时效8h，获得最终产品。In the third step, after the alloy solidification is completed, machining and heat treatment are carried out in sequence after removing the riser:, heat treatment parameters: 900°C solution for 1h + 430°C aging for 8h to obtain the final product.
实施例二：结合图1-2，一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸工艺， 包括以下步骤：Embodiment 2: With reference to Figures 1-2, a high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting process includes the following steps:
第一步，向熔炼炉内添加75kg电解Mn、20kg电解Cu、5kg电 解Ni，向熔炼炉内通入Ar气至3500Pa，待保护气完全充满熔炼炉后 并通过升液管充满真空箱后，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，加热 到1350℃待金属完全熔化后，静置10～15min以便合金元素充分熔入；The first step, add 75kg electrolytic Mn, 20kg electrolytic Cu, 5kg electrolytic Ni in the smelting furnace, pass Ar gas to 3500Pa in the smelting furnace, after the protective gas is completely filled with the smelting furnace and after the vacuum box is filled by the liquid riser, Turn on the medium frequency induction furnace to heat the raw material, heat it to 1350 ℃ and after the metal is completely melted, let it stand for 10-15 minutes so that the alloy elements can be fully melted;
第二步，对熔模型壳预热至800℃并将其放入真空箱待金属液冷 却到1200℃后对真空吸铸室抽真空，持续抽真空至真空度达到55kPa， 保持该真空度16～18min，然后释放真空使升液管内的金属液回流到 熔炼炉内；The second step is to preheat the melting mold shell to 800°C and put it into a vacuum box. After the molten metal is cooled to 1200°C, the vacuum suction casting chamber is evacuated, and the vacuum is continuously evacuated until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa, and the vacuum degree is maintained for 16 ~18min, and then release the vacuum to return the molten metal in the riser to the melting furnace;
第三步，待合金凝固结束，去除冒口后依次进行机加工、热处理：， 热处理参数：900℃固溶1h+430℃时效8h，获得最终产品。In the third step, after the alloy solidification is completed, machining and heat treatment are carried out in sequence after removing the riser:, heat treatment parameters: 900°C solution for 1h + 430°C aging for 8h to obtain the final product.
实施例三：结合图1-2，一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸工艺， 包括以下步骤：Embodiment 3: With reference to Figures 1-2, a high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting process includes the following steps:
第一步，向熔炼炉内添加75kg电解Mn、20kg电解Cu、5kg电 解Ni，向熔炼炉内通入Ar气至3500Pa，待保护气完全充满熔炼炉后 并通过升液管充满真空箱后，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，加热 到1350℃待金属完全熔化后，静置10～15min以便合金元素充分熔入；The first step, add 75kg electrolytic Mn, 20kg electrolytic Cu, 5kg electrolytic Ni in the smelting furnace, pass Ar gas to 3500Pa in the smelting furnace, after the protective gas is completely filled with the smelting furnace and after the vacuum box is filled by the liquid riser, Turn on the medium frequency induction furnace to heat the raw material, heat it to 1350 ℃ and after the metal is completely melted, let it stand for 10-15 minutes so that the alloy elements can be fully melted;
第二步，对熔模型壳预热至800℃并将其放入真空箱待金属液冷 却到1150℃后对真空吸铸室抽真空，持续抽真空至真空度达到55kPa， 保持该真空度16～18min，然后释放真空使升液管内的金属液回流到 熔炼炉内；The second step is to preheat the melting mold shell to 800°C and put it into a vacuum box. After the molten metal is cooled to 1150°C, the vacuum suction casting chamber is evacuated, and the vacuum is continuously evacuated until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa, and the vacuum degree is maintained for 16 ~18min, and then release the vacuum to return the molten metal in the riser to the melting furnace;
第三步，待合金凝固结束，去除冒口后依次进行机加工、热处理：， 热处理参数：900℃固溶1h+430℃时效8h，获得最终产品。In the third step, after the alloy solidification is completed, machining and heat treatment are carried out in sequence after removing the riser:, heat treatment parameters: 900°C solution for 1h + 430°C aging for 8h to obtain the final product.
实施例四：结合图1-2，一种高锰阻尼合金熔模真空吸铸工艺， 包括以下步骤：Embodiment 4: Referring to Figures 1-2, a high manganese damping alloy investment vacuum suction casting process includes the following steps:
第一步，向熔炼炉内添加75kg电解Mn、20kg电解Cu、5kg电 解Ni，向熔炼炉内通入Ar气至3500Pa，待保护气完全充满熔炼炉后 并通过升液管充满真空箱后，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，加热 到1350℃待金属完全熔化后，静置10～15min以便合金元素充分熔入；The first step, add 75kg electrolytic Mn, 20kg electrolytic Cu, 5kg electrolytic Ni in the smelting furnace, pass Ar gas to 3500Pa in the smelting furnace, after the protective gas is completely filled with the smelting furnace and after the vacuum box is filled by the liquid riser, Turn on the medium frequency induction furnace to heat the raw material, heat it to 1350 ℃ and after the metal is completely melted, let it stand for 10-15 minutes so that the alloy elements can be fully melted;
第二步，对熔模型壳预热至900℃并将其放入真空箱待金属液冷 却到1150℃后对真空吸铸室抽真空，持续抽真空至真空度达到55kPa， 保持该真空度16～18min，然后释放真空使升液管内的金属液回流到 熔炼炉内；The second step is to preheat the melting mold shell to 900°C and put it into a vacuum box. After the molten metal is cooled to 1150°C, the vacuum suction casting chamber is evacuated, and the vacuum is continuously evacuated until the vacuum degree reaches 55kPa, and the vacuum degree is maintained for 16 ~18min, and then release the vacuum to return the molten metal in the riser to the melting furnace;
第三步，待合金凝固结束，去除冒口后依次进行机加工、热处理：， 热处理参数：900℃固溶1h+430℃时效8h，获得最终产品。In the third step, after the alloy solidification is completed, machining and heat treatment are carried out in sequence after removing the riser:, heat treatment parameters: 900°C solution for 1h + 430°C aging for 8h to obtain the final product.
对比例：一种高锰阻尼合金熔炼工艺，包括以下步骤：Comparative example: a high manganese damping alloy smelting process, including the following steps:
第一步，向熔炼炉内添加75kg电解Mn、20kg电解Cu、5kg电 解Ni，打开中频感应炉对原料进行加热，加热到1300℃待金属完全 熔化后，静置5min以便合金元素熔入；The first step, add 75kg electrolytic Mn, 20kg electrolytic Cu, 5kg electrolytic Ni in the smelting furnace, open the intermediate frequency induction furnace and heat the raw material, be heated to 1300 ℃ after the metal is completely melted, and leave standstill 5min so that alloying elements are melted in;
第二步，将金属型模具预热至700℃，倾倒熔炼炉将金属液倒入 金属型模具。冷却后获得所需铸锭。In the second step, the metal mold is preheated to 700°C, and the molten metal is poured into the metal mold by pouring the melting furnace. After cooling, obtain the desired ingot.
实现上述工艺的反应设备包括熔炼炉、真空罐、真空箱、真空泵， 所述的真空泵与所述的真空罐连接，真空罐出口与真空箱通过管路连 接，真空箱放置于所述的熔炼炉的顶部，熔炼炉的底部连通有保护气 体管；所述的真空吸铸室抽真空具体操作为：真空泵对真空罐抽真空， 真空度达到55～60kPa后再打开真空罐与真空箱之间的阀门，对真空 箱抽真空，形成负压，金属液通过升液管进入型腔，待金属液完全充 型凝固后释压，使升液管内的残余金属液回流到熔炼炉内。升液管由 真空箱的腔体底部延伸至所述的熔炼炉的型腔内，真空箱内采用Φ 型管连接型壳与升液管，简单便捷的解决了型壳中心定位的问题。The reaction equipment for realizing the above process includes a melting furnace, a vacuum tank, a vacuum box, and a vacuum pump. The vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum tank, the outlet of the vacuum tank is connected to the vacuum box through a pipeline, and the vacuum box is placed in the melting furnace. The top of the smelting furnace is connected with a protective gas pipe; the specific operation of the vacuum suction casting chamber is as follows: the vacuum pump evacuates the vacuum tank, and the vacuum degree reaches 55 ~ 60kPa and then opens the vacuum tank and the vacuum box. The valve vacuumizes the vacuum box to form a negative pressure, and the molten metal enters the cavity through the liquid riser. After the molten metal is completely filled and solidified, the pressure is released, so that the residual molten metal in the liquid riser is returned to the melting furnace. The liquid riser extends from the bottom of the cavity of the vacuum box to the cavity of the smelting furnace, and a Φ-shaped pipe is used in the vacuum box to connect the shell and the riser, which simply and conveniently solves the problem of central positioning of the shell.
1、本发明通过熔炼炉通入Ar气保护：Ar气充满熔炼炉，避免 了Mn的氧化；Mn元素在1500℃平衡蒸气压为2700Pa，所以当通入 Ar的压力为3500Pa时，可以抑制Mn的挥发；1. In the present invention, Ar gas is introduced into the smelting furnace for protection: Ar gas is filled with the smelting furnace to avoid the oxidation of Mn; the equilibrium vapor pressure of Mn element at 1500 ° C is 2700Pa, so when the pressure of introducing Ar is 3500Pa, Mn can be suppressed volatilization;
2.本发明熔模型壳温度为800-1000℃，防止金属液过快凝固，保 证金属液流动性，使金属液充型完全；2. The temperature of the molten mold shell of the present invention is 800-1000 °C, which prevents the molten metal from solidifying too quickly, ensures the fluidity of the molten metal, and makes the molten metal fill the mold completely;
3.本发明采用对吸铸室抽真空：真空度为50-60kPa，调整真空度， 从而控制吸铸速度，使充型平稳；同时由于熔模型壳处于真空状态， 减少了Mn的氧化；3. The present invention adopts vacuuming of the suction casting chamber: the vacuum degree is 50-60 kPa, and the vacuum degree is adjusted to control the suction casting speed and make the filling stable; at the same time, because the molten mold shell is in a vacuum state, the oxidation of Mn is reduced;
4.本发明在升液管与熔模型壳之间使用Φ型管连接，单独的升液 管和熔模型壳之间的连接容易造成偏差，使用Φ型管进行中转可以 简单便捷的解决型壳中心定位问题。4. In the present invention, a Φ-shaped pipe is used to connect the liquid riser and the melting model shell. The connection between the separate liquid riser and the melting model shell is likely to cause deviation. Using the Φ-shaped pipe for transfer can simply and conveniently solve the problem of the mold shell. centering problem.
表1Mn-Cu合金热处理后的力学性能指标Table 1 Mechanical properties of Mn-Cu alloy after heat treatment
由表1对比例为金属型铸造所得合金，可以看出对比例抗拉强度为 460MPa，屈服强度为255MPa，阻尼性能为0.0413，实施例4中抗拉 强度为540MPa，屈服强度为305MPa，阻尼性能为0.0576，较对比 例抗拉强度提高了17.4％，屈服强度提高了19.6％，阻尼性能提高了 39.5％。所以本专利所述工艺可以稳定制备出力学性能良好，阻尼性 能优异的Mn-Cu阻尼合金。From Table 1, the comparative example is the alloy obtained by metal mold casting. It can be seen that the tensile strength of the comparative example is 460MPa, the yield strength is 255MPa, and the damping performance is 0.0413. In Example 4, the tensile strength is 540MPa, the yield strength is 305MPa, and the damping performance is 0.0413 is 0.0576, the tensile strength is increased by 17.4%, the yield strength is increased by 19.6%, and the damping performance is increased by 39.5% compared with the comparative example. Therefore, the process described in this patent can stably prepare a Mn-Cu damping alloy with good mechanical properties and excellent damping properties.
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