CN111991106B - Automatic tooth socket cutting line generation method and application - Google Patents

Automatic tooth socket cutting line generation method and application Download PDF

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CN111991106B
CN111991106B CN202010827783.6A CN202010827783A CN111991106B CN 111991106 B CN111991106 B CN 111991106B CN 202010827783 A CN202010827783 A CN 202010827783A CN 111991106 B CN111991106 B CN 111991106B
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transition
tooth
cutting line
point
model
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CN111991106A (en
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何姗姗
杨帆
颜昌亚
汪九洲
李振瀚
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Suzhou Hanhua Zhizao Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Hanhua Zhizao Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002Orthodontic computer assisted systems

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic generation method and application of a tooth socket cutting line, relating to the technical field of flexible processing; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring tooth and jaw models, respectively calculating tooth seam areas between two adjacent tooth models in the tooth and jaw models on a curved surface along a gum, and fusing the tooth models and the tooth seam areas between the two adjacent tooth models to obtain a full tooth model; removing the full-tooth model from the dental jaw model to generate a single-hole gingival model; identifying a boundary line on the gum model, and sequentially connecting to form an initial cutting line of a closed loop based on a neighborhood relationship; carrying out smooth and transitional treatment on the initial cutting line, and projecting the treated initial cutting line onto the dental jaw model to obtain a final tooth socket cutting line; the method does not need any manual point selection, can calculate the cutting line of the tooth socket with high precision and smoothness in a full-automatic manner, and is suitable for full-automatic batch cutting of the tooth socket in the tooth correcting process.

Description

Automatic tooth socket cutting line generation method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flexible processing, and particularly relates to an automatic generation method and application of a tooth socket cutting line.
Background
In recent years, with the development of three-dimensional measurement and computer graphics technologies, an invisible correction technology based on digital modeling has become a popular technology in orthodontic correction. The invisible tooth socket worn for tooth correction has the advantages of attractive appearance, good cleanness, convenience in picking and the like, and the invisible tooth socket is mainly manufactured through the processes of 3D scanning digital modeling, gradual change correction CAD modeling, tooth model and tooth socket blank manufacturing, gradual change correction tooth socket cutting and processing and the like. When the tooth socket is cut and processed, the cutting line of the tooth socket is required to be determined from the digital three-dimensional tooth jaw model, which is related to the precision and the integrity of the subsequent tooth socket cutting and processing and directly influences the wearing experience and the final correction effect of a user.
At present, a manual cutting method is mostly adopted in the manufacturing process of the invisible tooth socket, manual cutting depends on the experience of workers, the cutting result cannot be reused, and the accuracy and the stability of the cutting line are poor. Therefore, in the current research, a method for cutting the tooth socket by adopting automatic equipment, such as a five-axis machine tool or an industrial robot, instead of manual work, appears.
Calculation of the cutting line of the tooth socket is taken as an important step of cutting and processing of the tooth socket, and the cutting line is mostly identified by adopting a manual interaction method at present; for example: the invention patent of application number CN201410505449.3 discloses a cutting method of a bracket-free recessive appliance, which generates a cutting line by manually clicking points on each tooth and a crown to connect, and the method has complex operation and consumes manpower. The invention patent of application No. CN201910848531.9 discloses a tooth-gum fast segmentation algorithm for invisible braces, which segments teeth and gums by a layered connection method, but the segmentation method is limited by the scanning direction and the smoothness of the segmentation result is poor. In addition, a method for separating teeth and gingiva by using curvature is also presented in the prior art, for example, the invention patent of application No. CN201510522490.6 discloses a method for automatically segmenting a full jaw tooth triangular mesh model, which extracts feature points and feature regions by using mean curvature and mean square error curvature, and segments teeth, gingiva and impurities according to the feature regions; however, the curvature-based method is easy to cause false recognition, manual interaction is also needed for repairing, and automatic generation of the tooth socket cutting line cannot be really realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least one defect or improvement requirement in the prior art, the invention provides a method for automatically generating a tooth socket cutting line and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing cutting line identification method needs manual interaction, the smoothness of the cutting line is poor, the machining precision is influenced and the like.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mouthpiece cut line automatic generation method, including:
acquiring tooth and jaw models, respectively calculating tooth seam areas between two adjacent tooth models in the tooth and jaw models on a curved surface along a gum, and fusing the tooth models and the tooth seam areas between the two adjacent tooth models to obtain a full tooth model;
removing the full-tooth model from the dental jaw model to generate a single-hole gingival model;
identifying a boundary line on the gum model, and sequentially connecting to form an initial cutting line of a closed loop based on a neighborhood relationship;
and carrying out smooth and transitional treatment on the initial cutting line, and projecting the treated initial cutting line onto the dental jaw model to obtain a final tooth socket cutting line.
Preferably, the above automatic generating method of the facing cutting line performs transition processing on the initial cutting line specifically as follows:
determining a common closest point between two adjacent tooth models, wherein the common closest point is a middle point of a shortest path between the two adjacent tooth models;
searching a transition point with the shortest distance to the public closest point on the initial cutting line, and respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point on the initial cutting line at two sides of the transition point;
determining corresponding control points along the tangential direction of the initial cutting line at the transition starting point and the transition end point respectively;
and B-spline transition is carried out on the initial cutting line between two adjacent tooth models according to the transition starting point, the transition end point and the control point, so as to obtain the initial cutting line after the transition treatment.
Preferably, the method for automatically generating the mouthpiece cutting line, wherein the determining the transition starting point and the transition ending point on the initial cutting lines on both sides of the transition point respectively specifically comprises:
searching the lowest points of two adjacent tooth models from the initial cutting lines on the two sides of the transition point respectively, wherein the lowest points are the points farthest from the occlusal surface of the tooth model;
respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point on an initial cutting line between the transition point and the lowest point of each tooth model according to preset transition parameters; the transition parameter is used for defining the ratio of the distance between the transition point and the transition starting point/transition ending point to the distance between the transition point and the lowest point.
Preferably, the method for automatically generating the mouthpiece cutting line, wherein the determining of the control points corresponding to the transition starting point and the transition ending point along the tangential direction of the initial cutting line specifically includes:
respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point in the tangential direction of the transition starting point and the transition end point along the initial cutting line according to preset control parameters; the control parameters are used to define the ratio of the distance between the transition points, the control points and the distance between the transition points, the transition starting point/the transition ending point.
Preferably, the automatic generating method of the facing cutting line performs smooth processing on the initial cutting line specifically as follows:
and carrying out filtering denoising on the initial cutting line, and carrying out smooth processing on the denoised initial cutting line by adopting B-spline curve fitting.
Preferably, in the automatic generation method of the facing cutting line, the whole tooth model is removed from the dental jaw model, and the generation of the gum model with a single hole specifically includes:
deleting the grids with the distance from the dental model to the whole dental model smaller than a preset distance error threshold value from the dental model to obtain a single-hole gingival model only with a gingival part; wherein, the distance error threshold value can be used as a bias parameter to generate the cutting line of the tooth socket in actual processing.
Preferably, in the automatic generating method of the mouthpiece cutting line, the identifying the boundary line on the gum model, and the sequentially connecting the initial cutting lines forming the closed loop based on the neighborhood relationship specifically include:
and determining boundary lines through neighborhood relation search of the model grids and sequentially connecting the boundary lines, and if one boundary line comprises a plurality of neighborhood boundaries, selecting one neighborhood boundary with the smallest included angle to connect the boundary lines.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device, comprising at least one processing unit, and at least one memory unit, wherein the memory unit stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to perform the steps of any of the above-mentioned automatic mouthpiece cut-line generation methods.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a computer readable medium storing a computer program executable by an electronic device, the computer program, when run on the electronic device, causing the electronic device to perform the steps of any of the above-described automatic mouthpiece cut-line generation methods.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the tooth models and the tooth seam regions between two adjacent tooth models are fused, the fused full-tooth model is removed from the tooth jaw model, and a single-hole gum model is generated; then generating a closed initial cutting line through boundary extraction and connection, and projecting the initial cutting line onto the dental jaw model to realize automatic generation of the tooth socket cutting line; the method does not need any manual point selection, can calculate the cutting line of the tooth socket with high precision and smoothness in a full-automatic mode, and is suitable for full-automatic batch cutting of the tooth socket in the tooth correcting process.
(2) The invention carries out overall smooth and interdental transition treatment on the initial cutting line, ensures smooth track of the cutting line and smooth transition between teeth, and can improve the wearing comfort of a user after cutting the tooth socket.
(3) The invention automatically realizes the radius compensation of the cutting tool by setting the offset parameter, is beneficial to high-precision five-axis machine tool or industrial robot cutting processing, and has high precision because the cutting line is positioned on the surface of the model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cutting line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional dental model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a single-hole gingival model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a transition process for an initial cut line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a transition process between tooth models provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mouthpiece cut line projected onto a dental model provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cutting line according to this embodiment, and referring to fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1: acquiring a tooth and jaw model, respectively calculating tooth seam areas between two adjacent tooth models in the tooth and jaw model on a curved surface along a gum, and fusing the tooth models and the tooth seam areas between the two adjacent tooth models to obtain a full tooth model;
in this embodiment, a three-dimensional dental model is first obtained, the dental model including teeth and gums, and a portion of the dental model further including an adhesive attachment or base. Then a plurality of single tooth models contained in the dental model are identified, the identification mode of the single tooth models is not specifically limited, the identification can be directly carried out on the obtained whole dental model, a plurality of single tooth models obtained through pre-identification can also be directly obtained, if the mode is adopted, the obtained single tooth models and the dental model are required to be placed in the same coordinate system, and then the single tooth models are arranged according to the growth sequence of the single tooth models on the dental model. In this embodiment, the dental model and the single tooth model are both mesh models, such as a commonly used triangular plate model, as shown in fig. 2.
After a single tooth model is obtained or identified, a tooth gap region between two adjacent tooth models needs to be identified, in this embodiment, a neighborhood search mode is adopted to calculate the tooth gap region between the two adjacent tooth models, then all the tooth models and the tooth gap region between the two adjacent tooth models form a whole, and the formed whole is recorded as a full tooth model.
S2: removing the full-tooth model from the dental jaw model to generate a single-hole gingival model;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a single-hole gingival model provided in this embodiment, where after a full tooth model is obtained, a mesh whose distance from the full tooth model is smaller than a preset distance error threshold is deleted from a dental model to obtain the single-hole gingival model; wherein, the distance error threshold value can be used as a bias parameter to generate the cutting line of the tooth socket in actual processing.
Because the cutting tool used in the subsequent cutting process has certain thickness/width, the deviation between the cutting line of the tooth socket calculated theoretically and the cutting line generated after actual processing inevitably exists; to solve this problem, the embodiment sets an offset parameter (i.e., a distance error threshold) when the whole tooth model is removed from the dental model, and controls the accuracy of boundary removal by the offset parameter; specifically, a grid with the distance from the dental model to the whole tooth model being smaller than a preset offset is deleted from the dental model to obtain a single-hole gingival model only with a gingival part; the offset may be set according to the radius of the cutting tool, for example, when cutting with a milling cutter having a radius of 0.5mm, the offset may be set to 0.5 mm.
S3: identifying a boundary line on the gum model, and sequentially connecting to form an initial cutting line of a closed loop based on a neighborhood relationship;
specifically, a boundary line of the gum model with the single hole is identified, and the boundary line can be obtained through searching of a neighborhood relation of a triangular grid; and then sequentially connecting the boundary lines to form a closed-loop initial cutting line, wherein because the number of triangular plates in the model is large, when the boundary lines are sequentially connected by adopting the neighborhood relationship, if one boundary line comprises two or more neighborhood boundaries, one neighborhood boundary with the smallest included angle is preferentially selected for connection.
Further, in order to obtain a smoother initial cutting line, as a preferred example, after obtaining a closed-loop initial cutting line, filtering and denoising the initial cutting line, and smoothing the denoised initial cutting line by using B-spline curve fitting. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing global smoothing on an initial cutting line, specifically, firstly, removing noise points on the initial cutting line by adopting Gaussian filtering, of course, the filtering mode is not limited to Gaussian filtering, and other common filtering methods can also be adopted; then, fitting by adopting an error-controllable cubic B spline curve to obtain a smooth cutting line; the globally smoothed initial closed cut line is shown as a white closed loop curve in fig. 2.
Further, as can be seen from fig. 3, the initial cut line in the middle of the partial tooth model is relatively sharp, and the mouthpiece manufactured thereby may not meet the wearing comfort requirement, and for this reason, the sharp part on the initial cut line needs to be removed, so as to achieve the effect of smooth transition.
As a preferred example, after generating an initial cutting line or smoothing the initial cutting line, the present example further performs a transition process on the initial cutting line between two adjacent tooth models, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the transition process on the initial cutting line provided in this embodiment, and referring to fig. 4, the method of the transition process specifically includes:
1) firstly, determining a common closest point between two adjacent tooth models, wherein the common closest point is a middle point of a shortest path between the two adjacent tooth models;
2) searching a transition point with the shortest distance to the public closest point on the initial cutting line, and respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point on the initial cutting line at two sides of the transition point; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
searching the lowest point of two adjacent tooth models from the initial cutting lines on the two sides of the transition point respectively, wherein the lowest point is the point farthest from the occlusal surface of the tooth model;
respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point on an initial cutting line between the transition point and the lowest point of each tooth model according to preset transition parameters; in this example, the transition parameter is used to define a ratio of a distance between the transition point, the transition start point/the transition end point, and a distance between the transition point and the lowest point. The distance may be a straight line distance or a curved line distance, and this embodiment is not particularly limited; when a curve distance is used, the curve distance is calculated by superimposing the lengths of a plurality of straight line segments constituting the curve.
3) Respectively determining corresponding control points in the tangential direction of the initial cutting line at the transition starting point and the transition end point; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point in the tangential direction of the transition starting point and the transition end point along the initial cutting line according to preset control parameters; in this example, the control parameters are used to define a ratio of the distance between the transition points, the control points, and the distance between the transition points, the transition start point/the transition end point. Since the control point cannot be positioned on the initial cutting line with a high probability, the distance is preferably calculated using a straight-line distance.
4) And finally, B-spline transition is carried out on the initial cutting line between two adjacent tooth models according to the transition starting point, the transition end point and the control point, and the initial cutting line after the transition treatment is obtained.
Referring to fig. 5, the process of the above transition process is further described in detail, and first, the closest points a and B between two adjacent tooth models are calculated, and then the midpoint between the points a and B is calculated, which is called the common closest point; then, a point with the shortest distance to the common closest point is found on the initial cutting line and is used as a transition point, and a point C in fig. 5 is the transition point.
Finding transition starting points P on two sides of the transition point C on the initial cutting line1And end point of transition P4The transition starting point P1And end point of transition P4The determination method comprises the following steps: first, the lowest points D and E of the tooth model are searched from the transition point C to two sides, and then a transition parameter r is set, wherein the transition parameter r is used for determining the transition point from C to P1Is proportional to the distance from C to D, and from C to P4Is proportional to the distance from C to E; the transition parameter r can be 0.2-1, and the transition starting point P1And end point of transition P4Can share the same transition parameter r, and can also be respectively used for transitionPoint P1And end point of transition P4And setting respective corresponding transition parameters r.
Then, at the transition starting point P1And end point of transition P4Determine the control point P in the tangential direction of2And P3The control point P2And P3The calculation method comprises the following steps: setting control parameters for determining C to P2From C to P1And from C to P3From C to P4The distance ratio of (a); in this embodiment, the control parameter may take any value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, and the control point P may be set to be the control point P2And P3Can share the same control parameter or can be respectively control points P2And P3And setting respective corresponding control parameters. For example: setting a transition point C to a control point P2Is a distance from the transition point C to the transition starting point P1Half of (C), transition point C to control point P3Is from the transition point C to the transition end point P4Half of that.
Finally, the control point P can be passed1,P2,P3And P4And fitting to generate a cubic B-spline curve, and finishing the transition processing of the initial cutting line.
S4: and projecting the initial cutting line onto the dental model to obtain a final tooth socket cutting line.
And projecting the cutting line obtained in the step S3 on the dental jaw model, and if the projected curves are crossed, deleting the crossed point to finally obtain the smooth and high-precision tooth socket cutting line.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the mouthpiece cutting line projected onto the jaw model, in which the solid line trajectory is the final mouthpiece cutting line generated in step S4, and the dotted line trajectory is the real gum boundary line obtained after actual cutting, and it can be seen that the cutting line trajectory is smooth overall and controllable in accuracy. The distance between the solid line track and the dotted line track corresponds to the thickness/radius of the cutting tool, and it can be seen that the radius compensation of the cutting tool is automatically realized by setting the offset, so that the cutting precision is improved, and the cutting machining of a high-precision five-axis machine tool or an industrial robot is facilitated.
The embodiment also provides an electronic device, which includes at least one processor and at least one memory, where the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the above method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cutting line, and the specific steps are as described above and are not described herein again; in this embodiment, the types of the processor and the memory are not particularly limited, for example: the processor may be a microprocessor, digital information processor, on-chip programmable logic system, or the like; the memory may be volatile memory, non-volatile memory, a combination thereof, or the like.
The electronic device may also communicate with one or more external devices (e.g., keyboard, pointing terminal, display, etc.), with one or more terminals that enable a user to interact with the electronic device, and/or with any terminals (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable the electronic device to communicate with one or more other computing terminals. Such communication may be through an input/output (I/O) interface. Also, the electronic device may communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), and/or a public Network, such as the internet) via the Network adapter.
The present embodiments also provide a computer readable medium storing a computer program executable by an electronic device, the computer program, when run on the electronic device, causing the electronic device to perform the steps of the mouthpiece cut-line automatic generation method. Types of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, storage media such as SD cards, usb disks, fixed hard disks, removable hard disks, and the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cutting line, comprising:
acquiring tooth and jaw models, respectively calculating tooth seam areas between two adjacent tooth models in the tooth and jaw models on a curved surface along a gum, and fusing the tooth models and the tooth seam areas between the two adjacent tooth models to obtain a full tooth model;
removing the full-tooth model from the dental jaw model to generate a single-hole gingival model;
identifying a boundary line on the gum model, and sequentially connecting to form an initial cutting line of a closed loop based on a neighborhood relationship;
carrying out smooth and transitional treatment on the initial cutting line, and projecting the treated initial cutting line onto the dental jaw model to obtain a final tooth socket cutting line; the transition treatment of the initial cutting line specifically comprises the following steps:
determining a common closest point between two adjacent tooth models, wherein the common closest point is a middle point of a shortest path between the two adjacent tooth models;
searching a transition point with the shortest distance to the public closest point on the initial cutting line, and respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point on the initial cutting line at two sides of the transition point;
determining corresponding control points along the tangential direction of the initial cutting line at the transition starting point and the transition end point respectively;
and B-spline transition is carried out on the initial cutting line between two adjacent tooth models according to the transition starting point, the transition end point and the control point, so as to obtain the initial cutting line after the transition treatment.
2. The method for automatically generating the mouthpiece cutting line according to claim 1, wherein the determining the transition starting point and the transition ending point on the initial cutting lines respectively at two sides of the transition point is specifically:
searching the lowest points of two adjacent tooth models from the initial cutting lines on the two sides of the transition point respectively, wherein the lowest points are the points farthest from the occlusal surface of the tooth model;
respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point on an initial cutting line between the transition point and the lowest point of each tooth model according to preset transition parameters; the transition parameter is used for defining the ratio of the distance between the transition point and the transition starting point/transition ending point to the distance between the transition point and the lowest point.
3. The method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cut line according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the respective corresponding control points in the tangential direction of the initial cut line at the transition start point and the transition end point respectively is specifically:
respectively determining a transition starting point and a transition end point in the tangential direction of the transition starting point and the transition end point along the initial cutting line according to preset control parameters; the control parameters are used to define the ratio of the distance between the transition points, the control points and the distance between the transition points, the transition starting point/the transition ending point.
4. The method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cut line according to claim 1, wherein the step of smoothing the initial cut line comprises:
and carrying out filtering denoising on the initial cutting line, and carrying out smooth processing on the denoised initial cutting line by adopting B-spline curve fitting.
5. The automatic generation method of the mouthpiece cutting line according to claim 1, wherein the full tooth model is removed from the jaw model, and the generation of the gum model with a single hole specifically comprises:
and deleting the grids with the distance from the dental model to the whole dental model smaller than a preset distance error threshold value from the dental model to obtain the gum model with the single hole.
6. The method for automatically generating a mouthpiece cut line according to claim 1, wherein the identifying the boundary line on the gum model, and the sequentially connecting the initial cut lines forming the closed loop based on the neighborhood relationship are specifically:
and determining boundary lines through neighborhood relation search of the model grids and sequentially connecting the boundary lines, and if one boundary line comprises a plurality of neighborhood boundaries, selecting one neighborhood boundary with the smallest included angle to connect the boundary lines.
7. The automatic generation method of the mouthpiece cutting line according to claim 3, wherein the value of the transition parameter is 0.2-1.
8. An electronic device, comprising at least one processing unit and at least one memory unit, wherein the memory unit stores a computer program that, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A computer-readable medium, in which a computer program is stored which is executable by an electronic device, and which, when run on the electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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