CN111990391A - Vacuum freeze-drying processing method for dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Vacuum freeze-drying processing method for dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990391A CN111990391A CN202010997102.0A CN202010997102A CN111990391A CN 111990391 A CN111990391 A CN 111990391A CN 202010997102 A CN202010997102 A CN 202010997102A CN 111990391 A CN111990391 A CN 111990391A
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- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/005—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment
- A23L3/01—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment using microwaves or dielectric heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3472—Compounds of undetermined constitution obtained from animals or plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23L3/44—Freeze-drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the steps of picking and preprocessing, airing and sorting, cutting into sections and bundling, dehydrating and rolling, placing and freezing in a tray, carrying out vacuum sublimation drying, drying again, sterilizing, and carrying out vacuum packaging and storage. According to the invention, vinegar diluent is sprayed before picking branches of dendrobium, nutritional ingredients of dendrobium are supplemented, sterilizing and insect expelling effects are further achieved, the dendrobium is cleaned, impurities are removed, the branches are segmented and bundled according to diameters in a classifying manner, uniform dehydration and rolling processing are facilitated for the branches with different diameters, honey water is sprayed to improve the oxidation resistance of the branches, the shelf life is prolonged, the drying temperature is prevented from damaging the biological structure of the dendrobium, the branches are rolled and clustered, and then are placed in a plate and stacked by using gauze layers, the processing efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the dendrobium is uniformly frozen and sublimed and dried, water molecules are intercepted by matching the gauze layers, the drying effect is improved, the uniform drying is ensured, and a high-quality dendrobium product is obtained after sun exposure and microwave sterilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of dendrobium officinale, and in particular relates to a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale.
Background
The freeze drying technique is also called sublimation drying. Drying processes in which an aqueous material is frozen below freezing to convert water to ice and then the ice is removed by converting it to a vapor under a relatively high vacuum. The material can be frozen in a freezing device and then dried. But can also be frozen directly in the drying chamber by rapidly drawing a vacuum. The water vapor formed by sublimation is removed by a condenser. The moisture biological sample through freezing fixed, makes the moisture in the sample reach dry purpose by the direct sublimation of ice under the condition of low temperature high vacuum, does not receive the effect of surface tension at the dry in-process, and the sample is indeformable, and its main advantage is: (1) the dried material keeps the original chemical composition and physical properties; (2) the heat consumption is less than other drying methods, and is often used for drying antibiotics, vegetables, fruits, etc.
The dendrobium officinale has the effect of promoting the secretion of glands and the movement of organs, can reduce the value of diabetes blood sugar induced by streptozotocin, can promote the phagocytic function of macrophages of tumor-bearing animals, enhances the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes and the activity of NK cells, can obviously improve the value of serum hemolysin of the tumor-bearing animals, and prompts that TPSH has certain improvement effect on nonspecific immune function, or specific cellular immunity and humoral immunity. With the development of tea drinking culture and the increasing importance of people on health, some dendrobium officinale can be used as tea, and is more and more popular with people.
At present, the preservation time of fresh dendrobium officinale products is short, and the preservation time can be prolonged after drying, but the dendrobium officinale dried by a conventional drying method has poor sensory index, and effective physiologically active ingredients of the dendrobium officinale are influenced, so that the efficacy of the dendrobium officinale is reduced, and the cost is too high when only the freeze drying method is used for processing.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a vacuum freeze-drying processing method for dendrobium officinale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the steps of spraying vinegar diluent before picking branches of dendrobium officinale, removing impurities after picking, segmenting the dendrobium officinale branches, classifying and binding the dendrobium officinale branches according to the diameters of the dendrobium officinale branches, spraying honey water, rolling and briquetting the dendrobium officinale branches, placing the dendrobium officinale in a tray, stacking gauze layers, uniformly freezing the dendrobium officinale, sublimating and drying the dendrobium officinale, intercepting water molecules by matching with the gauze layers, and obtaining a high-quality dendrobium officinale product after sun exposure and microwave sterilization treatment, so that the defects in the technology are overcome.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking and pretreating, picking fresh branches of dendrobium nobile in June, marking the branches of dendrobium nobile picked in advance within one week before picking, and spraying vinegar diluent in a marking area for multiple times and multiple periods;
step two: airing and sorting, namely spreading the picked fresh dendrobium branches at a shady and cool ventilated place, airing for 4 days, turning twice every day, removing leaves, removing visible impurities, cleaning the dendrobium branches with warm water, and draining;
step three: cutting and bundling, namely cutting the dendrobe branches in the second step into segments with uniform length, collecting and bundling the branch segments at the same positions, trimming the cuts, and bundling the different segments of the branches into a tray;
step four: dewatering and rolling, uniformly spraying honey water on the branches at different positions, baking in a baking chamber, dewatering until the branches are slightly bent and deformed, taking out the dendrobium officinale sections, putting the dendrobium officinale sections in a rolling machine, rolling for 30-50min to prepare dendrobium officinale clusters, taking out and spreading for cooling;
step five: placing and freezing, namely, paving a gauze layer at the bottom of an acrylic glass disc, uniformly spreading dendrobium officinale clusters on the gauze layer, continuously covering the gauze layer on the surface of the gauze layer after the gauze layer is spread out, repeating the operation, finally laminating 3-5 layers and paving the dendrobium officinale clusters, putting the acrylic glass disc filled with materials into a freeze drying device, slowly cooling and precooling, and freezing at constant temperature at ultralow temperature;
step six: vacuum sublimation drying, taking out the acrylic glass disc, placing the disc into vacuum drying equipment, vacuumizing the inner cavity of the vacuum drying equipment to a vacuum degree of 20-25Pa, heating the inner cavity of the vacuum drying equipment, slowly heating up and preheating, and then sublimating at a constant temperature at a medium temperature;
step seven: drying and sterilizing, taking out the material subjected to sublimation drying, taking down the material from the gauze layer, laying flat at room temperature, standing, fully exposing to sunlight at noon in summer after residual heat is dissipated to reduce the water content to below 5%, and placing the dried material in a microwave sterilizer for effective sterilization treatment;
step eight: and (4) vacuum packaging and storing, namely storing the sterilized materials by using a self-sealing bag, vacuumizing, and then repackaging, processing and storing.
Preferably, in the first step, the vinegar diluent is prepared from vinegar and water, and the volume ratio of vinegar to water is set to be 1: 200 and 300, the spraying period is once a day, and the spraying time is in the evening.
Preferably, the temperature of the warm water in the second step is set to be 30-40 ℃, and the washing is carried out for 1 minute at constant temperature.
Preferably, the length of the branch segment in the third step is set to be 4-8cm, and the diameters of the branches in the same branch bundle are close to each other.
Preferably, the honey water in the fourth step is prepared from honey and water, and the adding volume ratio of the honey to the water is set as 1: 50-60, the temperature is set to 60-80 ℃ when the baking environment is set to be preheated, the time is set to 1-2h, and then the baking is carried out for 20-25min at 120 ℃.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the pre-cooling temperature is set to be-20 ℃ to-15 ℃, the pre-cooling time is set to be 2-4h, the constant-temperature freezing temperature is set to be-45 ℃ to-35 ℃, and the freezing time is set to be 2-3 h.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the preheating temperature is set to be 15-20 ℃, the preheating time is set to be 1-2h, the constant-temperature sublimation temperature is set to be 35-40 ℃, and the preheating time is set to be 5-8 h.
In the technical scheme, the invention provides the following technical effects and advantages:
the vinegar diluent is sprayed before the branches of the dendrobium are picked, so that the dendrobium can directly absorb acetic acid, amino acid, carbohydrate, salt and other nutrient components which are contained in the vinegar and are very useful for plants, the effects of sterilization and insect expelling are further achieved, the dendrobium is cleaned, impurities are removed, segmented and classified and bundled according to the diameters, the branches with different diameters can be uniformly dehydrated and rolled, honey water is sprayed to improve the oxidation resistance of the branches, the quality guarantee period is prolonged, meanwhile, the drying temperature is prevented from damaging the biological structure of the dendrobium, the dendrobium is placed in a tray and stacked by using gauze layers after rolling and briquetting, the processing efficiency is improved, the dendrobium is uniformly frozen and sublimated and dried, the gauze layers are matched to intercept water molecules, the local damage of the dendrobium is avoided, the drying effect is improved, the uniform drying is ensured, high-quality dendrobium products are obtained after sun exposure and microwave sterilization, the processing quality is good, the cost is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking and pretreating, picking fresh dendrobium branches in June, marking the pre-picked dendrobium branches in one week before picking, spraying vinegar diluent in a marking area for multiple times and multiple periods, wherein the vinegar diluent is prepared from vinegar and water, and the adding volume ratio of the vinegar to the water is set as 1: 200, spraying once every day for a spraying period in the evening;
step two: airing and sorting, namely spreading picked fresh branches of the dendrobium on a shady and cool ventilated place, airing for 4 days, turning twice every day, removing leaves, removing visible impurities, cleaning the branches of the dendrobium by using warm water, setting the temperature of the warm water to be 30 ℃, cleaning for 1 minute at constant temperature, and draining;
step three: cutting and bundling, namely cutting the dendrobe branches in the second step into sections with uniform length, collecting and bundling branch sections at the same position, trimming cuts, bundling the branches at different positions, and then arranging the branches in a plate, wherein the length of each branch section is 4cm, and the diameters of the branches in the same branch bundle are close to each other;
step four: dewatering and rolling, namely uniformly spraying honey water on the bundles of the branches at different positions, then putting the bundles into a baking chamber for baking, dewatering until the branches are slightly bent and deformed, wherein the honey water is prepared from honey and water, and the volume ratio of the honey to the water is set as 1: 50, setting the preheating temperature to be 80 ℃ and the time to be 1h in the baking environment, baking at 120 ℃ for 20min, taking out the dendrobium officinale sections, putting the dendrobium officinale sections in a rolling machine, rolling for 30min to prepare dendrobium officinale clusters, and then taking out and spreading for cooling;
step five: placing and freezing, namely paving a gauze layer at the bottom of an acrylic glass disc, uniformly spreading dendrobium officinale clusters on the gauze layer, continuously covering the gauze layer on the surface of the gauze layer after flattening, repeating the operation, finally laminating 3 layers and paving the dendrobium officinale clusters, putting the acrylic glass disc filled with materials into a freeze drying device, slowly cooling and precooling, freezing at constant temperature of-20 ℃ at ultralow temperature, setting the precooling temperature for 2h, setting the constant-temperature freezing temperature for-45 ℃ and setting the freezing time for 2 h;
step six: vacuum sublimation drying, taking out the acrylic glass disc, placing the disc into a vacuum drying device, vacuumizing the inner cavity of the vacuum drying device to a vacuum degree of 20Pa, heating the inner cavity, slowly heating and preheating, then sublimating at a constant temperature, wherein the preheating temperature is 15 ℃, the preheating time is 2 hours, the constant temperature sublimation temperature is 35 ℃, and the preheating time is 8 hours;
step seven: drying and sterilizing, taking out the material subjected to sublimation drying, taking down the material from the gauze layer, laying flat at room temperature, standing, fully exposing to sunlight at noon in summer after residual heat is dissipated to reduce the water content to below 5%, and placing the dried material in a microwave sterilizer for effective sterilization treatment;
step eight: and (4) vacuum packaging and storing, namely storing the sterilized materials by using a self-sealing bag, vacuumizing, and then repackaging, processing and storing.
The dendrobium officinale tea ball prepared in the embodiment is completely dried, tightly contracted into a ball, good in branch section integrity, light yellow in appearance and natural in color, the soaked dendrobium officinale tea is naturally stretched, the tea leaves quickly give out fragrance, the tea leaves quickly give out juice, the fragrance is mellow, lasting and good in taste, the soaked tea is filtered, the volume of the soaking slag is measured after the dendrobium officinale tea is taken out to soak branch sections, the breakage rate of the soaked dendrobium officinale tea in the embodiment is calculated to be 0.22%, the unit volatile oil content is 3.21ml, the dendrobium officinale tea ball is not deteriorated after being stored for 5 years conventionally and can be normally drunk, the original biological structure of the dendrobium officinale tea ball prepared in the technical scheme is kept, the nutrition loss is low, and the overall processing cost is lower compared with the overall vacuum freeze drying cost.
Example 2:
the invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking and pretreating, picking fresh dendrobium branches in June, marking the pre-picked dendrobium branches in one week before picking, spraying vinegar diluent in a marking area for multiple times and multiple periods, wherein the vinegar diluent is prepared from vinegar and water, and the adding volume ratio of the vinegar to the water is set as 1: 230, spraying once every day for a spraying period in the evening;
step two: airing and sorting, namely spreading picked fresh branches of the dendrobium on a shady and cool ventilated place, airing for 4 days, turning twice every day, removing leaves, removing visible impurities, cleaning the branches of the dendrobium by using warm water, setting the temperature of the warm water to be 32 ℃, cleaning for 1 minute at constant temperature, and draining;
step three: cutting and bundling, namely cutting the dendrobe branches in the second step into sections with uniform length, collecting and bundling branch sections at the same position, trimming the cuts, bundling the branches at different positions, and arranging the bundles of the branches at different positions in a tray, wherein the length of the branch sections is set to be 6cm, and the diameters of the branches in the same branch bundle are close to each other;
step four: dewatering and rolling, namely uniformly spraying honey water on the bundles of the branches at different positions, then putting the bundles into a baking chamber for baking, dewatering until the branches are slightly bent and deformed, wherein the honey water is prepared from honey and water, and the volume ratio of the honey to the water is set as 1: 55, setting the preheating temperature to 63 ℃ in the baking environment, setting the time to 1.5h, baking at 120 ℃ for 23min, taking out the dendrobium officinale sections, putting the dendrobium officinale sections in a rolling machine, rolling for 35min to prepare dendrobium officinale clusters, and taking out and spreading for cooling;
step five: placing and freezing, namely paving a gauze layer at the bottom of an acrylic glass disc, uniformly spreading dendrobium officinale clusters on the gauze layer, continuously covering the gauze layer on the surface of the gauze layer after flattening, repeating the operation, finally laminating 4 layers of the spread dendrobium officinale clusters, putting the acrylic glass disc filled with materials into a freeze drying device, slowly cooling and precooling, freezing at constant temperature of-18 ℃ at ultralow temperature, setting the precooling temperature for 3 hours, setting the constant-temperature freezing temperature for-40 ℃ and setting the freezing time for 2.5 hours;
step six: vacuum sublimation drying, taking out the acrylic glass disc, placing the disc into a vacuum drying device, vacuumizing the inner cavity of the vacuum drying device to a vacuum degree of 22Pa, heating the inner cavity, slowly heating and preheating, sublimating at a constant temperature of 17 ℃, setting the preheating time to be 1.5h, the sublimating at a constant temperature of 38 ℃ and the preheating time to be 6 h;
step seven: drying and sterilizing, taking out the material subjected to sublimation drying, taking down the material from the gauze layer, laying flat at room temperature, standing, fully exposing to sunlight at noon in summer after residual heat is dissipated to reduce the water content to below 5%, and placing the dried material in a microwave sterilizer for effective sterilization treatment;
step eight: and (4) vacuum packaging and storing, namely storing the sterilized materials by using a self-sealing bag, vacuumizing, and then repackaging, processing and storing.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the dendrobium officinale tea ball prepared in the embodiment is completely dried, tightly contracted into a ball, good in branch section integrity, light yellow in appearance, natural in color and luster, natural in unfolding after being soaked, fast in fragrance and fast in juice, pure, lasting in fragrance and good in taste, the soaked tea water is filtered, the size of the soaking slag is measured after the dendrobium officinale tea is taken out to soak the branch section, the breaking rate of the soaked dendrobium officinale is calculated to be 0.15%, the unit volatile oil content is 3.32ml, the dendrobium officinale tea ball is not deteriorated after being stored for 5 years conventionally and can be drunk normally, the dendrobium officinale prepared in the technical scheme keeps the original biological structure, the nutrition loss is less, and the overall processing cost is lower compared with that of the overall vacuum freeze drying.
Example 3:
the invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking and pretreating, picking fresh dendrobium branches in June, marking the pre-picked dendrobium branches in one week before picking, spraying vinegar diluent in a marking area for multiple times and multiple periods, wherein the vinegar diluent is prepared from vinegar and water, and the adding volume ratio of the vinegar to the water is set as 1: 280, the spraying period is once a day, and the spraying time is evening time;
step two: airing and sorting, namely spreading picked fresh branches of the dendrobium on a shady and cool ventilated place, airing for 4 days, turning twice every day, removing leaves, removing visible impurities, cleaning the branches of the dendrobium by using warm water, setting the temperature of the warm water to be 38 ℃, cleaning for 1 minute at constant temperature, and then draining;
step three: cutting and bundling, namely cutting the dendrobe branches in the second step into sections with uniform length, collecting and bundling branch sections at the same position, trimming the cuts, bundling the branches at different positions, and placing the bundles of the branches in different sections in a tray, wherein the lengths of the branch sections are set to be 5cm, and the diameters of the branches in the same branch bundle are close to each other;
step four: dewatering and rolling, namely uniformly spraying honey water on the bundles of the branches at different positions, then putting the bundles into a baking chamber for baking, dewatering until the branches are slightly bent and deformed, wherein the honey water is prepared from honey and water, and the volume ratio of the honey to the water is set as 1: 58, setting the preheating temperature to be 70 ℃ in the baking environment, setting the time to be 1h, baking at 120 ℃ for 20min, taking out the dendrobium officinale sections, putting the dendrobium officinale sections into a rolling machine, rolling for 35min, preparing dendrobium officinale clusters, taking out and spreading for cooling;
step five: placing and freezing, namely paving a gauze layer at the bottom of an acrylic glass disc, uniformly spreading dendrobium officinale clusters on the gauze layer, continuously covering the gauze layer on the surface of the gauze layer after flattening, repeating the operation, finally laminating 4 layers of the spread dendrobium officinale clusters, putting the acrylic glass disc filled with materials into a freeze drying device, slowly cooling and precooling, freezing at constant temperature of-18 ℃ at ultralow temperature, setting the precooling temperature for 3 hours, setting the constant-temperature freezing temperature for-40 ℃ and setting the freezing time for 3 hours;
step six: vacuum sublimation drying, taking out the acrylic glass disc, placing the disc into a vacuum drying device, vacuumizing the inner cavity of the vacuum drying device to a vacuum degree of 25Pa, heating the inner cavity, slowly heating and preheating, sublimating at a constant temperature at the middle temperature, wherein the preheating temperature is set to be 18 ℃, the preheating time is set to be 2 hours, the constant temperature sublimation temperature is set to be 38 ℃, and the preheating time is set to be 6 hours;
step seven: drying and sterilizing, taking out the material subjected to sublimation drying, taking down the material from the gauze layer, laying flat at room temperature, standing, fully exposing to sunlight at noon in summer after residual heat is dissipated to reduce the water content to below 5%, and placing the dried material in a microwave sterilizer for effective sterilization treatment;
step eight: and (4) vacuum packaging and storing, namely storing the sterilized materials by using a self-sealing bag, vacuumizing, and then repackaging, processing and storing.
Comparing examples 1 and 2, the dendrobium officinale tea ball prepared in the embodiment is thoroughly dried, shrinks and conglomerates tightly, has good branch section integrity, has light yellow appearance and natural color, is naturally unfolded after being soaked, has fast fragrance, fast juice, pure and lasting fragrance and good taste, is filtered by the soaked tea, is taken out to be soaked in the branch section, is measured to obtain the volume of the soaking slag, and is calculated to obtain the breaking rate of the soaked dendrobium officinale to be 0.08 percent and the unit volatile oil content to be 3.30ml, and the dendrobium officinale tea ball is not deteriorated after being stored for 5 years conventionally and can be normally drunk, and the dendrobium officinale prepared in the technical scheme keeps the original biological structure, has less nutrient loss and has lower overall processing cost compared with the overall vacuum freeze drying.
Example 4:
the invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: picking and pretreating, picking fresh dendrobium branches in June, marking the pre-picked dendrobium branches in one week before picking, spraying vinegar diluent in a marking area for multiple times and multiple periods, wherein the vinegar diluent is prepared from vinegar and water, and the adding volume ratio of the vinegar to the water is set as 1: 300, spraying once every day for a spraying period in the evening;
step two: airing and sorting, namely spreading picked fresh branches of the dendrobium on a shady and cool ventilated place, airing for 4 days, turning twice every day, removing leaves, removing visible impurities, cleaning the branches of the dendrobium by using warm water, setting the temperature of the warm water to be 40 ℃, cleaning for 1 minute at constant temperature, and then draining;
step three: cutting and bundling, namely cutting the dendrobe branches in the second step into sections with uniform length, collecting and bundling branch sections at the same position, trimming the cuts, bundling the branches at different positions, and placing the bundles of the branches in different sections in a tray, wherein the lengths of the branch sections are set to be 8cm, and the diameters of the branches in the same branch bundle are close to each other;
step four: dewatering and rolling, namely uniformly spraying honey water on the bundles of the branches at different positions, then putting the bundles into a baking chamber for baking, dewatering until the branches are slightly bent and deformed, wherein the honey water is prepared from honey and water, and the volume ratio of the honey to the water is set as 1: 60, setting the preheating temperature to be 60 ℃ in the baking environment, setting the time to be 2 hours, baking at 120 ℃ for 25min, taking out the dendrobium officinale sections, putting the dendrobium officinale sections into a rolling machine, rolling for 50min, preparing dendrobium officinale clusters, taking out and spreading for cooling;
step five: placing and freezing, namely paving a gauze layer at the bottom of an acrylic glass disc, uniformly spreading dendrobium officinale clusters on the gauze layer, continuously covering the gauze layer on the surface of the gauze layer after flattening, repeating the operation, finally laminating 5 layers and paving the dendrobium officinale clusters, putting the acrylic glass disc filled with materials into a freeze drying device, slowly cooling and precooling, freezing at constant temperature of-15 ℃ at ultralow temperature, setting the precooling temperature for 4 hours, setting the constant-temperature freezing temperature for-45 ℃ and setting the freezing time for 2 hours;
step six: vacuum sublimation drying, taking out the acrylic glass disc, placing the disc into a vacuum drying device, vacuumizing the inner cavity of the vacuum drying device to a vacuum degree of 25Pa, heating the inner cavity, slowly heating and preheating, sublimating at a constant temperature of 20 ℃, setting the preheating time to be 1h, the sublimating at a constant temperature to be 40 ℃, and setting the preheating time to be 5 h;
step seven: drying and sterilizing, taking out the material subjected to sublimation drying, taking down the material from the gauze layer, laying flat at room temperature, standing, fully exposing to sunlight at noon in summer after residual heat is dissipated to reduce the water content to below 5%, and placing the dried material in a microwave sterilizer for effective sterilization treatment;
step eight: and (4) vacuum packaging and storing, namely storing the sterilized materials by using a self-sealing bag, vacuumizing, and then repackaging, processing and storing.
Compared with the examples 1-3, the dendrobium officinale tea ball prepared in the embodiment is completely dried, shrinks and conglobates tightly, has good branch section integrity, is light yellow in appearance and natural in color, is naturally unfolded after being soaked, has fast fragrance and fast juice, has pure and lasting fragrance and good taste, is filtered after being soaked, is taken out to be soaked in the branch section, is measured to obtain the volume of the soaking slag, and is calculated to be 0.20% in breaking rate and 2.98ml in unit volatile oil content after being soaked in the dendrobium officinale tea ball, and is not deteriorated after being stored for 5 years conventionally and can be drunk normally.
The following table is obtained according to examples 1 to 4:
as can be seen from the above table, in example 3, the raw material proportion is moderate, the processing temperature is moderate, the obtained dendrobium officinale tea ball has the best quality, the breakage rate after soaking is low, and the unit volatile oil content is high, so example 3 is the preferred embodiment, in the technical scheme, the edible vinegar diluent is sprayed before the dendrobium branches are picked, so that the dendrobium branches directly absorb the acetic acid, amino acid, carbohydrate, salt and other nutrient components which are very useful for plants and contained in the edible vinegar, and further play a role in sterilization and insect expelling, the dendrobium branches are segmented and tied according to the diameters after being cleaned and impurities are removed, the dendrobium branches with different diameters are uniformly dehydrated and rolled, the oxidation resistance of the dendrobium branches is improved by spraying honey water, the quality guarantee period is prolonged, the damage to the biological structure of the dendrobium branches due to the drying temperature is avoided, the dendrobium branches are placed in a tray and stacked by using gauze layers after rolling, the processing efficiency is improved, the dendrobium nobile is evenly frozen and sublimed and dried, water molecules are intercepted by the aid of the gauze layer, local damage of the dendrobium officinale is avoided, drying effect is improved, drying is even, high-quality dendrobium nobile products are obtained after sun exposure and microwave sterilization treatment, and the problems that the dendrobium officinale is uneven in drying, poor in drying effect and high in cost in the prior art are solved.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the above description is illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which come within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. A vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale is characterized in that: the specific operation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: picking and pretreating, picking fresh branches of dendrobium nobile in June, marking the branches of dendrobium nobile picked in advance within one week before picking, and spraying vinegar diluent in a marking area for multiple times and multiple periods;
step two: airing and sorting, namely spreading the picked fresh dendrobium branches at a shady and cool ventilated place, airing for 4 days, turning twice every day, removing leaves, removing visible impurities, cleaning the dendrobium branches with warm water, and draining;
step three: cutting and bundling, namely cutting the dendrobe branches in the second step into segments with uniform length, collecting and bundling the branch segments at the same positions, trimming the cuts, and bundling the different segments of the branches into a tray;
step four: dewatering and rolling, uniformly spraying honey water on the branches at different positions, baking in a baking chamber, dewatering until the branches are slightly bent and deformed, taking out the dendrobium officinale sections, putting the dendrobium officinale sections in a rolling machine, rolling for 30-50min to prepare dendrobium officinale clusters, taking out and spreading for cooling;
step five: placing and freezing, namely, paving a gauze layer at the bottom of an acrylic glass disc, uniformly spreading dendrobium officinale clusters on the gauze layer, continuously covering the gauze layer on the surface of the gauze layer after the gauze layer is spread out, repeating the operation, finally laminating 3-5 layers and paving the dendrobium officinale clusters, putting the acrylic glass disc filled with materials into a freeze drying device, slowly cooling and precooling, and freezing at constant temperature at ultralow temperature;
step six: vacuum sublimation drying, taking out the acrylic glass disc, placing the disc into vacuum drying equipment, vacuumizing the inner cavity of the vacuum drying equipment to a vacuum degree of 20-25Pa, heating the inner cavity of the vacuum drying equipment, slowly heating up and preheating, and then sublimating at a constant temperature at a medium temperature;
step seven: drying and sterilizing, taking out the material subjected to sublimation drying, taking down the material from the gauze layer, laying flat at room temperature, standing, fully exposing to sunlight at noon in summer after residual heat is dissipated to reduce the water content to below 5%, and placing the dried material in a microwave sterilizer for effective sterilization treatment;
step eight: and (4) vacuum packaging and storing, namely storing the sterilized materials by using a self-sealing bag, vacuumizing, and then repackaging, processing and storing.
2. The vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the vinegar diluent is prepared from vinegar and water, and the volume ratio of the vinegar to the water is set to be 1: 200 and 300, the spraying period is once a day, and the spraying time is in the evening.
3. The vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the second step, the temperature of the warm water is set to be 30-40 ℃, and the washing is carried out for 1 minute at constant temperature.
4. The vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the length of the branch segment in the third step is set to be 4-8cm, and the diameters of the branches in the same branch bundle are close to each other.
5. The vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the honey water is prepared from honey and water, and the volume ratio of the honey to the water is set as 1: 50-60, the temperature is set to 60-80 ℃ when the baking environment is set to be preheated, the time is set to 1-2h, and then the baking is carried out for 20-25min at 120 ℃.
6. The vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fifth step, the pre-cooling temperature is set to be-20 ℃ to-15 ℃, the pre-cooling time is set to be 2-4h, the constant-temperature freezing temperature is set to be-45 ℃ to-35 ℃, and the freezing time is set to be 2-3 h.
7. The vacuum freeze-drying processing method of dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the sixth step, the preheating temperature is set to be 15-20 ℃, the preheating time is set to be 1-2h, the constant-temperature sublimation temperature is set to be 35-40 ℃, and the preheating time is set to be 5-8 h.
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| CN112494605A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-03-16 | 庐江县天地禾生物技术有限公司 | Processing method of medicinal dendrobium officinale |
| CN112741322A (en) * | 2021-01-16 | 2021-05-04 | 德兴市宋氏葛业有限公司 | Extraction method of dendrobium officinale and preparation method of dendrobium officinale, white astragalus and radix puerariae beverage |
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| CN103041186A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-04-17 | 杭州江南春堂生物科技有限公司 | Novel method for drying fresh dendrobium officinale |
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