CN111988078A - Direction-distance self-adaptive beam forming method based on three-dimensional step array - Google Patents
Direction-distance self-adaptive beam forming method based on three-dimensional step array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direction-distance self-adaptive beam forming method based on a three-dimensional step array, which comprises the steps of firstly designing a two-dimensional sub-array, arranging a plurality of same sub-arrays into a step array type, and forming the three-dimensional step array; then, performing direction adaptive beam forming on each subarray to form reception of all signals in the direction of a specified azimuth angle and a high-low angle; then, each sub-array is regarded as an equivalent array element to form an equivalent array, the output of each sub-array is regarded as the received data of the equivalent array element, and the received data of all equivalent array elements are regarded as the received data of the equivalent array; and finally, converting the appointed receiving distance in the appointed two-dimensional direction into the direction of the equivalent array, and performing adaptive beam forming in the direction by using the equivalent array, which is equivalent to finishing the adaptive beam forming in the appointed distance. Through three-dimensional step array type and secondary cascade adaptive beam forming, the optimal receiving of space signals on the designated azimuth angle and high and low angle directions-distance is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of beam forming research in the field of array signal processing, in particular to a direction-distance adaptive beam forming method based on a three-dimensional step array.
Background
Beamforming is a direction of research in the field of array signal processing, and a beamformer is a spatial filter. The method carries out weighting processing on the data received by each array element according to a certain criterion, and aims to only reserve an expected signal component in the received data and effectively inhibit interference and noise. I.e. to ensure that the main lobe of the array is aligned with the direction of the desired signal and the nulls are aligned with the direction of the interferer. The adaptive beam former adaptively adjusts the weighting coefficient of each array element according to the signal environment of the array receiving data, ensures that the main lobe of the array is always aligned with the direction of the expected signal and the null is always aligned with the direction of the interference, and most effectively inhibits the interference and the noise while receiving the expected signal to the maximum extent. Capon adaptive beamformers have theoretically proven to be the optimal adaptive beamformer in the ideal case, which ensures that the output power of the array is minimized to achieve the purpose of suppressing interference and noise without distorting the received desired signal. A minimum distortion undistorted response beamformer is another effective adaptive beamformer. Capon adaptive beamformer and minimum distortion undistorted response beamformer are both implemented by adaptive algorithms.
However, the adaptive beam former mentioned above assumes that there is only one desired signal in a given direction, however, in practical situations, there may be multiple signals from multiple different distances in the same direction, and the adaptive beam forming method mentioned above can only receive all signals in the direction at the same time, and cannot distinguish each signal.
In view of the above analysis, it is necessary to study a new direction-distance adaptive beamforming method to achieve adaptive reception of a desired signal at a specified direction and a specified distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a direction-distance self-adaptive beam forming method based on a three-dimensional step array, which comprises the steps of firstly designing a two-dimensional sub-array, arranging a plurality of same sub-arrays into a step array type, and forming the three-dimensional step array; then, carrying out two-dimensional direction adaptive beam forming on each subarray in the appointed azimuth angle and elevation angle directions of the signals to form the receiving of all the signals in the appointed two-dimensional direction; then, each sub-array is regarded as an equivalent array element to form an equivalent array, the self-adaptive beam forming output of each sub-array is regarded as the received data of the equivalent array element, and the received data of all equivalent array elements are regarded as the received data of the equivalent array; and finally, converting the specified receiving distance in the specified azimuth angle and elevation angle directions into the direction of the equivalent array, and performing adaptive beam forming in the direction by using the equivalent array, which is equivalent to finishing the adaptive beam forming in the specified distance. Through the three-dimensional step array type and the secondary cascade self-adaptive beam forming, the optimal receiving of space signals in the designated direction and the designated distance is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a direction-distance self-adaptive beam forming method based on a three-dimensional step array comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing two-dimensional sub-arrays, and arranging a plurality of sub-arrays with the same structure into a ladder structure to form a three-dimensional step array;
step 2, performing two-dimensional direction adaptive beam forming on each subarray in the appointed azimuth angle and elevation angle direction of the signals to form the receiving of all the signals in the appointed two-dimensional direction;
step 3, regarding each sub-array as an equivalent array element to form an equivalent array, regarding the self-adaptive beam forming output of each sub-array as the received data of the equivalent array element, and regarding the received data of all equivalent array elements as the received data of the equivalent array;
and 4, converting the designated receiving distance in the designated azimuth angle and elevation angle directions into the direction of the equivalent array, and performing adaptive beam forming in the direction by using the equivalent array, which is equivalent to completing the adaptive beam forming in the designated distance.
Further, the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 11, designing a two-dimensional sub-array, wherein a rectangular array, a square array, a circular array and an elliptical array can be adopted, the number of array elements of the sub-array is M, and the minimum distance between adjacent array elements is d; the one-dimensional aperture of the sub-array is Dsub；
And step 12, arranging the L two-dimensional sub-arrays with the same structure according to the step structure to form a three-dimensional step array, wherein the included angle between the central connecting line of each sub-array and the two-dimensional sub-array is psi.
Further, the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21, receiving data of each sub array is xl(k) L1, 2.. said, L, each calculatedCovariance matrix of array received data
Step 22, giving the azimuth angle and the elevation angle direction of the expected signal to be received
Generating a steering vector a of a desired signal for each sub-array structurelCalculating the optimal weight vector of the sub-array
Step 23 of receiving data x for each sub-arrayl(k) L1, 2.. times.l, using the sub-array optimal weight vector wlAnd (3) weighting, wherein the output signals of each sub-array beam former are respectively as follows:
not from the direction
The other signals are filtered out or suppressed as interference.
Further, the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 31, regarding each subarray as an equivalent array element, forming an equivalent uniform linear array by all equivalent array elements, wherein the distance between adjacent array elements of the equivalent array is dsubThe equivalent aperture of the three-dimensional step array is D ═ L-1) Dsub；
Step 32, the received data of the equivalent array element are respectively:
yl(k),l＝1,2,...,L，
wherein y (k) ═ y1(k),y2(k),...,yL(k)]TIs the received data of the equivalent array, and the covariance matrix of the received data of the equivalent array is
Further, the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle direction
Up-specified reception distance r0Direction alpha converted to an equivalent array0；
Step 42, direction α for equivalent array0Generating steering vectors b of desired signals in an equivalent array0Calculating the optimal weight vector of the equivalent array
Step 43, weighting the optimal weight vector w to the equivalent array received data y (k), where the output signal of the equivalent array beamformer is:
z(k)＝wHy(k)，
not from the direction alpha0Other signals are used as interference and are filtered or suppressed by null, and after the formation of the secondary cascade adaptive beam, the method equivalently completes the designation of azimuth angle and elevation angle directions
Distance r0Adaptive reception of the desired signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention aims at the problem of spatial signal reception of a plurality of signals in two-dimensional directions of an azimuth angle and a high-low angle.
(2) According to the problems, the invention designs a three-dimensional step array type.
(3) The invention is based on a three-dimensional step array type, adopts the self-adaptive beam forming of secondary cascade, and firstly realizes the self-azimuth angle and the high-low angle direction through a two-dimensional sub-array
Reception of all signals, and then direction
Up-specified reception distance r0Direction alpha converted to an equivalent array0Realize the self-direction by the equivalent array
And receiving the signals, thereby achieving the optimal receiving of the space signals at the specified azimuth angle, the elevation angle direction and the specified distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forming a direction-distance adaptive beam based on a three-dimensional step array according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional sub-array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional step array.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a direction-distance adaptive beamforming method based on a three-dimensional step array includes the following steps:
step 1, designing two-dimensional sub-arrays, and arranging a plurality of sub-arrays with the same structure into a ladder structure to form a three-dimensional step array; the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 11, designing a two-dimensional sub-array, wherein a rectangular array, a square array, a circular array and an elliptical array can be adopted, the number of array elements of the sub-array is M, and the minimum distance between adjacent array elements is d; the one-dimensional aperture of the sub-array is Dsub；
And step 12, arranging the L two-dimensional sub-arrays with the same structure according to the step structure to form a three-dimensional step array, wherein the included angle between the central connecting line of each sub-array and the two-dimensional sub-array is psi.
Step 2, performing two-dimensional direction adaptive beam forming on each subarray in the appointed azimuth angle and elevation angle direction of the signals to form the receiving of all the signals in the appointed two-dimensional direction; the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 21, receiving data of each sub array is xl(k) L1, 2.. times.l, a covariance matrix of the received data of each array is calculated
Step 22, giving the azimuth angle and the elevation angle direction of the expected signal to be received
Generating a steering vector a of a desired signal for each sub-array structurelCalculating the optimal weight vector of the sub-array
Step 23 of receiving data x for each sub-arrayl(k) L1, 2.. times.l, using the sub-array optimal weight vector wlAnd (3) weighting, wherein the output signals of each sub-array beam former are respectively as follows:
not from the direction
The other signals are filtered out or suppressed as interference.
Step 3, regarding each sub-array as an equivalent array element to form an equivalent array, regarding the self-adaptive beam forming output of each sub-array as the received data of the equivalent array element, and regarding the received data of all equivalent array elements as the received data of the equivalent array; the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31, regarding each subarray as an equivalent array element, forming an equivalent uniform linear array by all equivalent array elements, wherein the distance between adjacent array elements of the equivalent array is dsubOf three-dimensional stepped arraysEquivalent pore diameter of D ═ L-1) Dsub；
Step 32, the received data of the equivalent array element are respectively:
yl(k),l＝1,2,...,L，
wherein y (k) ═ y1(k),y2(k),...,yL(k)]TIs the received data of the equivalent array, and the covariance matrix of the received data of the equivalent array is
And 4, converting the designated receiving distance in the designated azimuth angle and elevation angle directions into the direction of the equivalent array, and performing adaptive beam forming in the direction by using the equivalent array, which is equivalent to completing the adaptive beam forming in the designated distance. The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 41, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle direction
Up-specified reception distance r0Direction alpha converted to an equivalent array0；
Step 42, direction α for equivalent array0Generating steering vectors b of desired signals in an equivalent array0Calculating the optimal weight vector of the equivalent array
Step 43, weighting the optimal weight vector w to the equivalent array received data y (k), where the output signal of the equivalent array beamformer is:
z(k)＝wHy(k)，
not from the direction alpha0Other signals are used as interference and are filtered or suppressed by null, and after the formation of the secondary cascade adaptive beam, the method equivalently completes the designation of azimuth angle and elevation angle directions
Distance r0Adaptation of a desired signal onShould be received.
Conventional adaptive beamforming methods simultaneously receive a plurality of signals from the same azimuth and elevation directions. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the two-dimensional sub-arrays are designed, the sub-arrays with the same structures are arranged into the three-dimensional step array, a plurality of signals in the same azimuth angle and high-low angle directions can be received through the direction adaptive beam forming of the sub-arrays, and then the direction adaptive beam forming of the equivalent array formed by the sub-arrays completes the adaptive beam forming on the appointed distance. The algorithm flow based on the three-dimensional step array type and the quadratic self-adaptive beam forming solves the problem of self-adaptive receiving of the expected signal in the designated direction-distance.
Through the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the above embodiments can be implemented by software, and can also be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform. With this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.), and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A direction-distance self-adaptive beam forming method based on a three-dimensional step array is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing two-dimensional sub-arrays, and arranging a plurality of sub-arrays with the same structure into a ladder structure to form a three-dimensional step array;
step 2, performing two-dimensional direction adaptive beam forming on each subarray in the appointed azimuth angle and elevation angle direction of the signals to form the receiving of all the signals in the appointed two-dimensional direction;
step 3, regarding each sub-array as an equivalent array element to form an equivalent array, regarding the self-adaptive beam forming output of each sub-array as the received data of the equivalent array element, and regarding the received data of all equivalent array elements as the received data of the equivalent array;
and 4, converting the designated receiving distance in the designated azimuth angle and elevation angle directions into the direction of the equivalent array, and performing adaptive beam forming in the direction by using the equivalent array, which is equivalent to completing the adaptive beam forming in the designated distance.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 11, designing a two-dimensional sub-array, wherein a rectangular array, a square array, a circular array and an elliptical array can be adopted, the number of array elements of the sub-array is M, and the minimum distance between adjacent array elements is d; the one-dimensional aperture of the sub-array is Dsub；
And step 12, arranging the L two-dimensional sub-arrays with the same structure according to the step structure to form a three-dimensional step array, wherein the included angle between the central connecting line of each sub-array and the two-dimensional sub-array is psi.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21, receiving data of each sub array is xl(k) L1, 2.. times.l, a covariance matrix of the received data of each array is calculated
l＝1,2,...,L；
Step 22, given the azimuth, elevation of the desired signal to be receivedLow angular direction
Generating a steering vector a of a desired signal for each sub-array structurelCalculating the optimal weight vector of the sub-array
Step 23 of receiving data x for each sub-arrayl(k) L1, 2.. times.l, using the sub-array optimal weight vector wlAnd (3) weighting, wherein the output signals of each sub-array beam former are respectively as follows:
not from the direction
The other signals are filtered out or suppressed as interference.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 31, regarding each subarray as an equivalent array element, forming an equivalent uniform linear array by all equivalent array elements, wherein the distance between adjacent array elements of the equivalent array is dsubThe equivalent aperture of the three-dimensional step array is D ═ L-1) Dsub；
Step 32, the received data of the equivalent array element are respectively:
yl(k),l＝1,2,...,L，
wherein y (k) ═ y1(k),y2(k),...,yL(k)]TIs the received data of the equivalent array, and the covariance matrix of the received data of the equivalent array is
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle direction
Up-specified reception distance r0Direction alpha converted to an equivalent array0；
Step 42, direction α for equivalent array0Generating steering vectors b of desired signals in an equivalent array0Calculating the optimal weight vector of the equivalent array
Step 43, weighting the optimal weight vector w to the equivalent array received data y (k), where the output signal of the equivalent array beamformer is:
z(k)＝wHy(k)，
not from the direction alpha0Other signals are used as interference and are filtered or suppressed by null, and after the formation of the secondary cascade adaptive beam, the method equivalently completes the designation of azimuth angle and elevation angle directions
Distance r0Adaptive reception of the desired signal.
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