CN111985696A - Cold and heat load calculation method for large-area cold and heat supply energy source station - Google Patents
Cold and heat load calculation method for large-area cold and heat supply energy source station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold and heat load calculation method for a large-scale area cold and heat supply energy source station, which comprises the following steps of; firstly, collecting data and acquiring meteorological parameter data of an area where a project is located: collecting information of energy utilization building areas and building types of all plots in a cooling and heating area; determining an air conditioner calculation outdoor temperature parameter of the area according to the meteorological parameter data; secondly, determining the typical building type of a cooling and heating area: classifying building types according to the conditions of energy-using buildings, such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, business buildings, school buildings and hospital building types, and taking the building types as typical building types for load calculation; the method overcomes the defects of large installation scale and high investment caused by large design load of the energy station in the prior art, and has the advantages that cold and hot load indexes of different types of buildings can be obtained through calculation, and the time of the occurrence of the peak value of the daily cold and hot load can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of regional cooling and heating planning, in particular to a method for calculating cooling and heating loads of a large regional cooling and heating energy source station.
Background
Along with the increasing improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of central heating in Yangtze river basin areas of China is increasing in recent years, and in order to meet the requirements of cooling in summer and heating in winter of buildings, regional cooling and heating projects suitable for southern areas are increasing gradually, wherein the energy supply area of large-scale cooling and heating projects exceeds million square meters, the types of energy-using buildings are various, including various types such as residences, businesses, schools, hospitals and the like,
because the development and construction period of the large-scale regional cooling and heating areas is long, the construction time sequence of the energy-using buildings is different, the detailed cold and heat load of the energy-using buildings or the basic data such as building envelope parameters and the like are lacked in the early stage of the project planning and design of the cooling and heating energy station, most users can only provide the energy-using building area,
the lack of cold and heat load data brings great difficulty to the planning and design work of regional cooling and heating projects and the determination of the construction scale of the projects.
Whether the cold and heat loads of regional cooling and heating can be accurately predicted is the key of the planning and design of regional energy projects, a load index estimation algorithm in the traditional design cannot be simply used, and the error of the calculation method can be further amplified at a regional level;
in addition, as a large-scale regional cooling and heating project, load simulation calculation cannot be performed on all buildings in the region, so that the workload is huge, and detailed information such as building details, specific use of an enclosure structure and the like is lacked.
According to the traditional cold and heat load index calculation method, the cold and heat load indexes of typical buildings of different types are directly multiplied by the areas of the corresponding buildings, so that the cold and heat loads of the buildings of various types are obtained, and then the cold and heat loads of the buildings of various types are directly added to obtain the cold and heat loads of the energy station.
The cold and heat load indexes in the method are generally determined by experience, and the accuracy of the method applied to different regions is not high; in addition, because the peak values of the cold and hot loads of different types of buildings do not always appear at the same moment, the calculation method can cause the design load of the energy station to be larger, thereby causing the installation scale to be larger and the investment to be higher; in addition, the hourly cooling and heating loads on the design day and the hourly cooling and heating loads throughout the year cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provides a cold and heat load calculation method for a large-area cold and heat supply energy station.
The purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for calculating cold and heat loads of a large-area cold and heat supply energy source station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps;
firstly, collecting data and acquiring meteorological parameter data of an area where a project is located: collecting information of energy utilization building areas and building types of all plots in a cooling and heating area; determining an air conditioner calculation outdoor temperature parameter of the area according to the meteorological parameter data;
secondly, determining the typical building type of a cooling and heating area: classifying building types according to the conditions of energy-using buildings, such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, business buildings, school buildings and hospital building types, and taking the building types as typical building types for load calculation;
thirdly, selecting a typical monomer building: selecting a typical single building according to the collected building area and building type information;
fourthly, determining thermal parameters of the typical building envelope structure: the thermal parameters of the enclosure structures of public buildings and residential buildings need to meet the public buildings 'public building energy-saving design standard' (GB 50189-2015);
the residential building meets the limit requirements in the residential building energy-saving design standard of summer hot winter cold regions (JGJ134-2010), the residential building energy-saving design standard of summer hot winter warm regions (JGJ75-2012), and the residential building energy-saving design standard of severe cold and cold regions (JGJ26-2010) according to the construction site;
determining the indoor design parameters of the air conditioner of the typical building: determining indoor design temperature, relative humidity and fresh air volume index data in winter and summer according to design Specifications for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings (GB 50736-;
sixthly, determining the load strength inside a typical building: the running time of an air conditioning and heating system of the building, namely the building use schedule;
the lighting power density value and the switching time, the occupied area and the indoor rate of all the room people, the fresh air volume of personnel, the operating schedule of the fresh air unit and the power density and the utilization rate of the electrical equipment are in accordance with the requirement values of the public building energy-saving design standard (GB50189-2015), and the values are taken according to the energy-saving building;
and determining the simultaneous use coefficient of each typical building: meanwhile, the utilization coefficient is the ratio of the sum of the maximum cold or heat load of various typical buildings at a certain moment and the maximum daily calculated cold or heat load of various buildings;
and calculating the time-by-time cold load and the time-by-time heat load of each typical building: according to the calculation conditions in the step (i) -step (viii);
calculating the hourly cooling load and the hourly heating load of each typical building design day for 24 hours by using load calculation software according to the calculation conditions of the weather parameter data, the indoor design outdoor temperature parameter of the air conditioner, the indoor design temperature in winter and summer, the relative humidity and the fresh air volume index data, and calculating the air conditioner design cold and heat load index of the typical building;
ninthly, calculating the time-by-time cooling and heating load of each typical building: calculating the annual hourly cooling and heating load of a typical building by using load calculation software;
and (c) calculating hourly cold and heat loads of the energy station: calculating 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of a typical building according to the first-ninthly steps, then multiplying the 24-hour time-by-time loads by the building areas of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, then multiplying the time-by-time cold and heat loads by the simultaneous use coefficients of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, finally superposing the 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of the obtained different types of typical buildings to obtain the total 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat supply heat loads of the energy station, and taking the loads as the final design load data of the required energy.
In the above technical scheme: in step (c); factors influencing the simultaneous use coefficient include building types, use characteristics of various buildings, occupancy rates of various buildings, weather conditions, planned number and positions of energy stations, living habits, economic conditions and the like.
In the above technical scheme: in step (c); meanwhile, the value range of the coefficient is between 0.5 and 0.9.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. the cold and heat load indexes of different types of buildings can be obtained through calculation, and the time of the daily cold and heat load peak can be obtained.
2. According to the invention, the cold and heat loads of the energy station are obtained by overlapping the time-by-time cold and heat loads of various buildings, the maximum loads are not directly added, and the problem that the daily cold and heat load peaks of different buildings do not always appear at the same moment is fully considered.
3. According to the invention, the annual time-by-time load data of the energy station can be calculated, basic data are provided for calculating annual energy supply, and meanwhile, the calculated time-by-time cold and heat loads provide reference for determining the installed capacity of the energy station and a cooling and heating operation control strategy for the energy station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the calculation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment examples.
Referring to FIG. 1: a method for calculating cold and heat loads of a large-area cold and heat supply energy source station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps;
firstly, collecting data and acquiring meteorological parameter data of an area where a project is located: collecting information of energy utilization building areas and building types of all plots in a cooling and heating area; determining an air conditioner calculation outdoor temperature parameter of the area according to the meteorological parameter data;
secondly, determining the typical building type of a cooling and heating area: classifying building types according to the conditions of energy-using buildings, such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, business buildings, school buildings and hospital building types, and taking the building types as typical building types for load calculation;
thirdly, selecting a typical monomer building: selecting a typical single building according to the collected building area and building type information;
fourthly, determining thermal parameters of the typical building envelope structure: the thermal parameters of the enclosure structures of public buildings and residential buildings need to meet the public buildings 'public building energy-saving design standard' (GB 50189-2015);
the residential building meets the limit requirements in the residential building energy-saving design standard of summer hot winter cold regions (JGJ134-2010), the residential building energy-saving design standard of summer hot winter warm regions (JGJ75-2012), and the residential building energy-saving design standard of severe cold and cold regions (JGJ26-2010) according to the construction site;
determining the indoor design parameters of the air conditioner of the typical building: determining indoor design temperature, relative humidity and fresh air volume index data in winter and summer according to design Specifications for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings (GB 50736-;
sixthly, determining the load strength inside a typical building: the running time of an air conditioning and heating system of the building, namely the building use schedule;
the lighting power density value and the switching time, the occupied area and the indoor rate of all the room people, the fresh air volume of personnel, the operating schedule of the fresh air unit and the power density and the utilization rate of the electrical equipment are in accordance with the requirement values of the public building energy-saving design standard (GB50189-2015), and the values are taken according to the energy-saving building;
and determining the simultaneous use coefficient of each typical building: meanwhile, the utilization coefficient is the ratio of the sum of the maximum cold or heat load of various typical buildings at a certain moment and the maximum daily calculated cold or heat load of various buildings;
and calculating the time-by-time cold load and the time-by-time heat load of each typical building: according to the calculation conditions in the step (i) -step (viii);
calculating the hourly cooling load and the hourly heating load of each typical building design day for 24 hours by using load calculation software according to the calculation conditions of the weather parameter data, the indoor design outdoor temperature parameter of the air conditioner, the indoor design temperature in winter and summer, the relative humidity and the fresh air volume index data, and calculating the air conditioner design cold and heat load index of the typical building;
ninthly, calculating the time-by-time cooling and heating load of each typical building: calculating the annual hourly cooling and heating load of a typical building by using load calculation software;
and (c) calculating hourly cold and heat loads of the energy station: calculating 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of a typical building according to the first-ninthly steps, then multiplying the 24-hour time-by-time loads by the building areas of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, then multiplying the time-by-time cold and heat loads by the simultaneous use coefficients of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, finally superposing the 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of the obtained different types of typical buildings to obtain the total 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat supply loads of the energy station, and taking the loads as the final design load data of the required energy.
In step (c); factors influencing the simultaneous use coefficient include building types, use characteristics of various buildings, occupancy rates of various buildings, weather conditions, planned number and positions of energy stations, living habits, economic conditions and the like.
Meanwhile, the use coefficient considers a plurality of factors influencing the energy consumption, and avoids the condition of overlarge installation scale caused by designing the energy station installation according to the maximum energy consumption load of the user in the prior art as much as possible, so that the calculation load is closer to the actual energy consumption load.
In step (c); meanwhile, the value range of the coefficient is between 0.5 and 0.9. Meanwhile, the selection of the use coefficient effectively avoids the overlarge installation scale of the energy station, and effectively saves project investment.
Calculating 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of each typical building according to the first-ninthly steps, then multiplying the 24-hour time-by-time loads by the building areas of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, then multiplying the time-by-time cold and heat loads by the simultaneous use coefficients of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, finally superposing the 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of the obtained different types of typical buildings to obtain the total 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat supply loads of the energy station, and taking the loads as the final design load data of the required energy.
Because the 24-hour hourly cold and heat load characteristics of each typical building are different, the time of the occurrence of the common maximum load is different, the hourly maximum value is taken as the design load after the 24-hour hourly cold and heat loads of different typical buildings are superposed, the condition that the maximum value of the daily load of each typical building is directly superposed to be taken as the design load in the past is effectively avoided, the energy utilization characteristics of users are considered in the calculation of the design load, and the condition that the design load is overlarge is avoided.
One embodiment of the invention is described in detail below:
1. and (6) collecting data. Collecting information such as energy utilization building area and building type of each land in a cooling and heating area;
the energy supply area mainly comprises the following 5 building types, namely residence, business, school and hospital, and has a total area of 873679m2Therein live 507974m2Commercial 237976m2Business 26810m2School 20813m280106m in hospital2。
2. Acquiring meteorological parameter data of an area where a project is located; determining outdoor parameters of air conditioner calculation according to meteorological parameter data;
weather parameters of the city are obtained through design specifications for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings (GB 50736-2012) or according with calculation software, and air-conditioning calculation outdoor parameters are determined according to weather parameter data. For example, the air conditioner outdoor calculation parameters of a certain city, such as the winter air conditioner outdoor calculated temperature of-1.5 ℃, the winter air conditioner outdoor relative humidity of 77%, the summer air conditioner outdoor calculated temperature of 35.5 ℃, the summer air conditioner outdoor calculated wet bulb temperature of 28.2 ℃ and the like.
3. The typical building type of the cooling and heating area is determined. The building types are classified according to the conditions of the usable buildings, and are used as typical building types for load calculation.
In this example, 5 building types of residence, business, school, and hospital are used as the typical building types of the area.
4. Selecting a typical monomer building: selecting a typical single building according to the collected building area and building type information;
typical single buildings are selected or constructed according to the building conditions of the energy utilization buildings and serve as basic buildings for load calculation, and 5 typical single buildings of residence, business, school and hospital are required in the example.
5. Thermal parameters of a typical building envelope are determined.
Thermal parameters of the enclosure structure are selected according to public building energy-saving design standards (GB50189-2015) and residential building energy-saving design standards (JGJ134-2010) in hot-in-summer and cold-in-winter areas, the thermal parameters comprise parameters such as heat transfer coefficients of the enclosure structures of an outer wall, an outer window and a roof and solar heat gain coefficients of the outer window and the roof, and the limit value is directly selected at this time.
6. And determining the design parameters of the air-conditioning room of the typical building. Determining indoor design temperature, relative humidity and fresh air volume index data in winter and summer according to design Specifications for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings (GB 50736-;
the indoor design temperature in summer is 24-26 deg.C, relative humidity is 40-60%, the indoor design temperature in winter is 18-22 deg.C, relative humidity is not less than 40%, and the fresh air volume per person per hour is 30m3。
7. The load strength inside a typical building is determined. The operating time (building use time table), the lighting power density value and the switching time of an air conditioning and heating system of a building, the occupied area and the indoor rate of a room, the fresh air volume of personnel, the operating time table of a fresh air unit and the power density and the utilization rate of electrical equipment meet the requirement values of public building energy-saving design standards (GB50189-2015), and all values are taken according to an energy-saving building;
8. the simultaneous usage coefficient of each typical building is determined.
The values of the coefficients are used simultaneously in this example: 0.65 residential, 0.65 commercial, 0.75 hospital, 0.5 business, 0.5 school.
9. The design day hourly cooling load and hourly heating load of each typical building are calculated. According to the calculation conditions, the local meteorological parameters, the indoor design temperature of the air conditioner, the relative humidity and other calculation conditions, the hourly cooling load and the hourly heating load of each typical building on a 24-hour design day are calculated by using load calculation software, and meanwhile, the air conditioner design cold and heat load index of the typical building is calculated;
the unit area hourly cooling load of each typical building on the design day is obtained through load calculation software as follows: (W/m)2)
| Time of day | Residence | Commerce | Working in office | School | Hospital |
| 0:00-1:00 | 35 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
| 1:00-2:00 | 35 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
| 2:00-3:00 | 34 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
| 3:00-4:00 | 33 | 25 | 0 | 32 | |
| 4:00-5:00 | 32 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| 5:00-6:00 | 31 | 22 | 0 | 29 | |
| 6:00-7:00 | 30 | 22 | 40 | 18 | 33 |
| 7:00-8:00 | 31 | 56 | 54 | 25 | 37 |
| 8:00-9:00 | 34 | 70 | 75 | 36 | 45 |
| 9:00-10:00 | 37 | 86 | 85 | 40 | 52 |
| 10:00-11:00 | 39 | 89 | 87 | 40 | 54 |
| 11:00-12:00 | 45 | 85 | 78 | 37 | 52 |
| 12:00-13:00 | 50 | 83 | 75 | 35 | 51 |
| 13:00-14:00 | 54 | 82 | 82 | 38 | 51 |
| 14:00-15:00 | 55 | 85 | 84 | 39 | 54 |
| 15:00-16:00 | 52 | 93 | 91 | 43 | 58 |
| 16:00-17:00 | 50 | 104 | 102 | 48 | 65 |
| 17:00-18:00 | 48 | 115 | 93 | 43 | 73 |
| 18:00-19:00 | 45 | 110 | 87 | 41 | 71 |
| 19:00-20:00 | 43 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
| 20:00-21:00 | 41 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
| 21:00-22:00 | 39 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
| 22:00-23:00 | 38 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
| 23:00-24:00 | 37 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
The index of the cold load of the residential building is 55W/m2The peak load moment is 14:00-15:00, and the cold load index of the commercial building is 115W/m2The peak load moment is 17:00-18:00, and the cold load index of the office building is 102W/m2The peak load moment is 16:00-17:00, and the cold load index of the school building is 48W/m2The peak load time is 16:00-17:00, and the cold load index of the hospital building is 73W/m2And the moment of the peak load value is 17:00-18: 00.
The unit area hourly heat load of each typical building on the design day is obtained through load calculation software as follows: (W/m)2)
The index of the heat load of the residential building is 35W/m2The peak load moment is 7:00-8:00, and the heat load index of the commercial building is 54W/m2The peak load moment is 7:00-8:00, and the heat load index of the office building is 52W/m2The peak load time is 6:00-7:00, and the heat load index of the school building is 41W/m2The peak load time is 6:00-7:00, and the heat load index of the hospital building is 40W/m2And the moment of the peak load value is 6:00-7: 00.
10. The hourly cooling and heating loads of each typical building throughout the year are calculated.
The time-by-time unit area cold and heat load of 8760 hours in the whole year of a typical building is calculated by using load calculation software.
11. And calculating the hourly cooling and heating load of the energy station. And then multiplying the 24-hour hourly cooling (heating) loads of the obtained different types of typical buildings respectively by the building areas of the buildings of the corresponding types, then multiplying the obtained 24-hour hourly cooling (heating) loads of the different types of typical buildings respectively by the simultaneous use coefficients of the buildings of the corresponding types, and then superposing the obtained 24-hour hourly cooling (heating) loads to obtain the total 24-hour hourly cooling and heating loads of the energy station, and taking the loads as the design load data of the energy.
The calculation results show that the hourly cooling load of each typical building and energy station in the design day is as follows: (MW)
The calculation results show that the hourly cooling load of each typical building and energy station in the design day is as follows: (MW)
The design cold load of the energy station is 39.61MW and the design heat load is 22.93MW through calculation, if a cold and heat load index method is directly adopted, the problem that the peak values of the cold and heat loads of different types of typical buildings are inconsistent in occurrence time is not considered, the calculated design cold load is 42.21MW and the design heat load is 23.36MW which are respectively 6.57% higher and 1.90% higher than that of the example.
The load data is used as a design basis for installation and model selection of the energy station host, and a reference basis is provided for operation and control strategies of the energy station.
The above-mentioned parts not described in detail are prior art.
Claims (3)
1. A method for calculating cold and heat loads of a large-area cold and heat supply energy source station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps;
firstly, collecting data and acquiring meteorological parameter data of an area where a project is located: collecting information of energy utilization building areas and building types of all plots in a cooling and heating area; determining an air conditioner calculation outdoor temperature parameter of the area according to the meteorological parameter data;
secondly, determining the typical building type of a cooling and heating area: classifying building types according to the conditions of energy-using buildings, such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, business buildings, school buildings and hospital building types, and taking the building types as typical building types for load calculation;
thirdly, selecting a typical monomer building: selecting a typical single building according to the collected building area and building type information;
fourthly, determining thermal parameters of the typical building envelope structure: the thermal parameters of the enclosure structures of public buildings and residential buildings need to meet the public buildings 'public building energy-saving design standard' (GB 50189-2015);
the residential building meets the limit requirements in the residential building energy-saving design standard of summer hot winter cold regions (JGJ134-2010), the residential building energy-saving design standard of summer hot winter warm regions (JGJ75-2012), and the residential building energy-saving design standard of severe cold and cold regions (JGJ26-2010) according to the construction site;
determining the indoor design parameters of the air conditioner of the typical building: determining indoor design temperature, relative humidity and fresh air volume index data in winter and summer according to design Specifications for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings (GB 50736-;
sixthly, determining the load strength inside a typical building: the running time of an air conditioning and heating system of the building, namely the building use schedule;
the lighting power density value and the switching time, the occupied area and the indoor rate of all the room people, the fresh air volume of personnel, the operating schedule of the fresh air unit and the power density and the utilization rate of the electrical equipment are in accordance with the requirement values of the public building energy-saving design standard (GB50189-2015), and the values are taken according to the energy-saving building;
and determining the simultaneous use coefficient of each typical building: meanwhile, the utilization coefficient is the ratio of the sum of the maximum cold or heat load of various typical buildings at a certain moment and the maximum daily calculated cold or heat load of various buildings;
and calculating the time-by-time cold load and the time-by-time heat load of each typical building: according to the calculation conditions in the step (i) -step (viii);
calculating the hourly cooling load and the hourly heating load of each typical building design day for 24 hours by using load calculation software according to the calculation conditions of the weather parameter data, the indoor design outdoor temperature parameter of the air conditioner, the indoor design temperature in winter and summer, the relative humidity and the fresh air volume index data, and calculating the air conditioner design cold and heat load index of the typical building;
ninthly, calculating the time-by-time cooling and heating load of each typical building: calculating the annual hourly cooling and heating load of a typical building by using load calculation software;
and (c) calculating hourly cold and heat loads of the energy station: calculating 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of a typical building according to the first-ninthly steps, then multiplying the 24-hour time-by-time loads by the building areas of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, then multiplying the time-by-time cold and heat loads by the simultaneous use coefficients of the corresponding types of buildings respectively, finally superposing the 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat loads of the obtained different types of typical buildings to obtain the total 24-hour time-by-time cold and heat supply heat loads of the energy station, and taking the loads as the final design load data of the required energy.
2. A method of calculating a cooling and heating load for a large area cooling and heating energy source station according to claim 1, wherein: in step (c); factors influencing the simultaneous use coefficient include building types, use characteristics of various buildings, occupancy rates of various buildings, weather conditions, planned number and positions of energy stations, living habits, economic conditions and the like.
3. A method of calculating a cooling and heating load for a large area cooling and heating energy source station according to claim 2, wherein: in step (c); meanwhile, the value range of the coefficient is between 0.5 and 0.9.
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