CN111985120B - Composite energy absorption structure based on Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof - Google Patents
Composite energy absorption structure based on Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite energy absorbing structure based on a multi-crystal type micro-truss structure with a Mi-shaped unit and a 3D printing method thereof, wherein the composite energy absorbing structure is composed of a plurality of layers of multi-crystal type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, each multi-crystal type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas taking the central line of the multi-crystal type micro-truss structure as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas are formed by respectively rotating left and right single crystal type micro-truss structures taking the central line as a symmetrical line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and a two-dimensional point array structural unit is a Mi-shaped unit. According to the invention, different regions are artificially divided in the lattice type micro-truss structure, lattice arrangements with different orientations are arranged in the regions to simulate the microstructure in the polycrystalline material, and the size parameters of each lattice are reduced by dividing more regions, so that the lattice type micro-truss structure obtains a strengthening effect similar to grain refinement, and the mechanical property of the lattice type micro-truss structure is further improved while the light weight is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite energy absorption structures, and relates to a composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure.
Background
Porous structures are ubiquitous in nature, and for example, animal bones, honeycomb structures, plant stalks and the like are porous structures. The special structure has a plurality of excellent mechanical properties, small density, light weight and good specific strength and specific rigidity. It has attracted widespread research in recent years due to its potential to be an ideal lightweight structural material. The porous structure includes honeycomb material, foam metal material, lattice material, etc. Generally, the weight per unit volume of the porous structure is only one tenth of that of other materials.
The lattice type micro-truss structure is a novel ordered porous material formed by combining periodically arranged nodes and connecting rods, and the novel structure combines the mechanical property advantages of the material with the free design of geometric orientation. Compared with the traditional porous structures such as metal foam and honeycomb material, the lattice type micro-truss structure has more outstanding specific stiffness, specific strength and good energy absorption characteristic per unit mass, and is one of the widely accepted lightweight high-strength structural materials with development prospect in the world at present.
The lattice type micro-truss structure can show certain characteristics which are difficult to have by conventional materials, such as negative Poisson's ratio, vibration reduction, heat insulation and other functional characteristics, by the combination of the redesign of the structure and corresponding theoretical calculation; furthermore, the lattice type micro-truss structure can realize the structural characteristics of light weight and high strength by selecting proper materials to match with an additive manufacturing technology. Due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, lattice-type micro-truss structures have been increasingly used in automotive, biomechanical, aerospace, and construction industries.
However, the design and fabrication of lattice-type micro-truss structures remains a challenge and the structural and performance relationships have not been fully addressed. Therefore, if the lattice type micro-truss structure is to meet the use requirements in practical applications, especially for the application in the aspects of high-requirement biomechanics, aerospace and the like, new truss structure preparation processes and material design methods need to be developed to realize the correspondence between the structure and the performance.
To date, research efforts have focused on lattice-type micro-truss structures with a single orientation for this new structural material. A disadvantage of this structure is that its single lattice orientation results in deformation that tends to be highly concentrated in certain specific lattice directions and planes during compression. When the load exceeds the yield limit of the structure, the part with concentrated strain fails at the same time, and this phenomenon is reflected in the stress-strain curve by a large drop in the stress over a large strain range, eventually leading to a reduction in its mechanical properties and absorption energy, this deformation behavior being similar to the stress reduction in the single crystal material due to slip. Therefore, it is a focus and hot point to improve the composite energy absorbing material with a lattice type micro-truss structure having a single orientation. The present invention is also based on this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite energy absorption structure based on a multi-crystal-form micro-truss structure with a Mi-shaped unit and a 3D printing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the mechanical property and the absorbed energy of the existing single crystal material are reduced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, which is composed of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, the lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units with single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas is formed by respectively rotating left and right parts of single crystal type micro-truss structures which are symmetrical lines with the central line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, and the two-dimensional point array structure units are Mi-shaped units.
Further, the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °.
Furthermore, two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas along the direction of the central line are in mirror symmetry.
Further, the printing material used for the polycrystalline micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
Further, the size parameters of the polycrystalline micro-truss structure are as follows: length × width × height =49mm × 49mm × 50mm. Further, the dimension parameters of each meter-shaped unit are as follows: length × width × height =7mm × 7mm × 7mm. More preferably, the m-shaped units are connected in parallel by the same node using the connecting rod. More preferably, the thickness of the connecting rod is 1mm.
Furthermore, two groups, three groups or four groups or more groups of the twin crystal type micro-truss areas are arranged.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a 3D printing method of a composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, which comprises the following steps:
taking the surface of the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure as an X-Y plane and the height direction thereof as a Z axis (namely establishing a finite element analysis global coordinate system), and then printing the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure layer by layer along the Z axis direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is inspired by a microscopic metal strengthening mechanism, namely a grain refinement phenomenon, simulates the microstructure in a polycrystalline material by artificially dividing different regions in a lattice type micro-truss structure and arranging lattice arrangements with different orientations in the regions, and reduces the size parameter of each lattice by dividing more regions, so that the lattice type micro-truss structure obtains a strengthening effect similar to grain refinement, and the mechanical property of the lattice type micro-truss structure is further improved while the light weight is ensured. Specifically, on the basis of ensuring nearly the same first peak value of the compressive strength, by arranging a similar polycrystalline structure, the platform stress of the platform region is ensured to be always maintained at a higher stress level, so that the structural goal of light weight and high strength is realized, and the excellent energy absorption performance is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a Mi-shaped unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composite energy absorbing structure based on a Mi-shaped unit single crystal type micro-truss structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Mie-shaped unit polymorphic micro-truss structure (grain number 4) of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Mie-shaped unit polymorphic micro-truss structure (grain number 6) of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mi-shaped unit polymorphic micro-truss structure (grain number 8) of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a compressive stress-strain curve of a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure (the rotation angle is 30 degrees; the number of crystal grains is 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 respectively);
FIG. 7 is a curve of the relationship between the yield strength and the quasi-grain size of the Mi-shaped unit twin crystal type micro-truss structure (the rotation angle is 30 degrees; the number of grains is 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 respectively);
the notation in the figure is:
1-meter-shaped unit, 2-twin crystal type micro-truss area, 3-common boundary and 4-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
According to the invention, an Abaqus finite element simulation software is adopted to simulate a compression test process, a lattice type micro-truss structure model is established by utilizing a modeling software Inventor, the geometric parameters of the model are 49mm multiplied by 50mm, and because the geometric configuration of the model in the Z-axis direction is completely consistent, only a three-dimensional model of 49mm multiplied by 0.5mm is established for simplifying calculation, and the generated structure model is led into the Abaqus finite element software in an independent entity form. And (3) constructing rigid plates in a discrete rigid body mode, wherein the rigid plates adopt shell unit models, and the plane size parameters are 60mm multiplied by 1mm. The analysis step uses an Abaqus/Standard solver. When the boundary condition is set, displacement constraint is applied to the two rigid plates. Specifically, a first rigid plate is placed under the structural model and fixed constraints are imposed, while limiting all its degrees of freedom; the displacement boundary condition in the Y direction is applied to the other rigid plate while restricting the degrees of freedom other than the Y direction. Using a general contact algorithm to simulate other surfaces that may contact each other during compression; a penalty friction model is used to cope with the complex frictional behaviour that may occur, and the coefficient of friction is set to 0.3. The PLA material was defined using a damage evolution model of shear failure with a strain at break of 0.1021 (based on tensile testing). And finally, carrying out grid division by adopting a C3D8R unit (an eight-node hexahedron linear reduction integral unit).
The compression test is carried out according to the national standard GB/T31930-2015: the ductility test method for metallic materials and the compression test method for porous and honeycomb metals. The Z-axis direction of the specimen was set as the compression direction, and the load rate of the compression load was 5mm/min. In a finite element simulation of the compression test, a compression force-displacement curve was recorded. The ratio of the actual compressive force applied to the sample to its original cross-sectional area during the experiment was taken as the compressive stress, and a compressive stress-strain curve was plotted. And taking an energy value obtained by integrating the area at the end point of the curve platform as absorption energy, and calculating the absorption energy efficiency. And analyzing the deformation and fracture characteristics of the structure through the dynamic response process of finite element analysis.
Wherein, the energy absorption and the energy absorption efficiency are calculated according to the following formulas respectively:
in the formula: w is the absorbed energy (MJ/m) 3 )；w e Is absorption energy efficiency (%); σ is compressive stress (N/mm) 2 )；e 0 Upper limit of compressive strain (here 20%); sigma 0 Compressive stress (N/mm) corresponding to the upper limit of compressive strain 2 )。
In the present invention, a lattice-type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structural units in a single orientation is designed, and considering that there is no definite term definition for this particular structure, it is called a single-crystal micro-truss structure. The two-dimensional lattice type micro-truss structural unit comprises a Chinese character 'mi' shaped unit, a triangular unit, a hexagonal unit, a square unit, a Kagome unit, a rectangular unit and the like. In the invention, a lattice type micro-truss structure is designed by mainly selecting a Mi-font unit, as shown in figure 1.
In the following embodiments or examples, unless otherwise indicated, all materials or processing techniques are intended to be conventional in the art.
The invention provides a composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, which is structurally shown in figures 1 and 3-5, and consists of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, wherein the lattice type micro-truss structure consisting of two-dimensional lattice structure units in single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line by taking the central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 is formed by respectively rotating left and right parts of the single crystal type micro-truss structures which take the central line as the symmetrical line in opposite directions and at the same angle around the Z-axis, and the two-dimensional lattice type micro-truss structure unit is a Mi-shaped unit 1.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 along the central line are in mirror symmetry.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the printing material used for the polymorphic micro-truss structure is a PLA material.
Further, the size parameters of the polycrystalline micro-truss structure are as follows: length × width × height =49mm × 49mm × 50mm. Further, the size parameters of each zigzag unit 1 are as follows: length × width × height =7mm × 7mm × 7mm. More preferably, the unit 1 is formed by connecting the same nodes in a row by the connecting rods 4. More preferably, the thickness of the connecting rod 4 is 1mm.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 are provided in two, three or four groups, or more groups.
The above embodiments may be implemented individually, or in any combination of two or more.
The above embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example (b):
the composite energy absorption structure based on the Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure is characterized in that a PLA material is used as a 3D printing material, the structure of the composite energy absorption structure is shown in figures 3-5, the composite energy absorption structure is composed of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, a lattice type micro-truss structure composed of two-dimensional lattice structure units in single orientation is defined as a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 which are sequentially arranged along the central line by taking the central line as a symmetrical line, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 are formed by respectively rotating the left and right single crystal type micro-truss structures which take the central line as the symmetrical line around the Z-axis in opposite directions and at the same angle, the two-dimensional lattice structure units are Mi-shaped units 1, and two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 along the central line form a mirror symmetry relationship. The boundary position of two groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas 2 which are arbitrarily adjacent along the up-down or left-right direction is taken as a symmetrical line, namely a common boundary 3.
In the specific design process of the embodiment, the cited dimension parameters of the single crystal type micro-truss structure are 49mm × 49mm × 50mm, and the [100], [010] directions (i.e. the X-axis and the Y-axis of the two-dimensional lattice) of the structural units are consistent with the X-axis and the Y-axis directions in the global coordinate system of the finite element analysis. The dimension parameters of the meter-shaped unit 1 are length × width × height =7mm × 7mm × 7mm, the width of the connecting rod 4 is 1mm, and the connecting rods 4 and the same nodes are arranged and connected to form a complete structure, as shown in fig. 2. The single-crystal micro-truss respectively comprises 8 two-dimensional lattice structure units along the X direction and the Y direction, and totally comprises 64 two-dimensional lattice structure units (namely, the Mi-shaped units 1). All lattice type micro-truss models introduced by the invention are designed and modeled by using the Inventor software.
On the basis, the size parameters of the whole single crystal type micro-truss structure are kept unchanged, a plurality of regions which are equal in size and in symmetrical relation are divided in the single crystal type micro-truss structure, and the regions imitate the microstructure in the polycrystalline material and are called crystal grains.
In the example of fig. 3, the polycrystalline microtruss structure is divided into 4 equal sized grains, each grain having size parameters of 25mm x 50mm, and the tie rod 4 has a width of 1mm. The arrangement of the internal rice-shaped units 1 is as follows:
on the basis of the single-crystal micro-truss structure, the Z direction of a global coordinate system is taken as a rotating direction, the middle point of the whole model is taken as a rotating reference point, the single-crystal micro-truss structure is rotated clockwise by 30 degrees to form a crystal grain above the left side of the multi-crystal micro-truss structure, meanwhile, the rotating part exceeding the crystal grain due to rotation is removed in the modeling process, and the blank part inside the crystal grain due to rotation is filled in the walking direction of the Mi-shaped unit 1; and rotating the single-crystal micro-truss structure counterclockwise by 30 degrees in the same rotating direction and the same reference point to form crystal grains on the upper right of the multi-crystal micro-truss structure, so that the crystal grains on the left side and the right side of the upper side form a group of twin-crystal micro-truss areas 2. The crystal grains on the left side and the right side of the upper part are symmetrical to the lower part of the crystal boundary in a mirror symmetry relationship, so that four crystal grain regions which are twin crystals with each other are formed, the twin crystal angle of the four crystal grain regions is a double rotation angle, namely 60 degrees, at the moment, the crystal grains on the left side and the right side of the lower part also form a group of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2, namely a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure shown in figure 3 is formed.
Modeling according to this method can further divide the polymorphic micro-truss structure into a different number of grains. In the example of fig. 4, the polymorphic micro-truss structure is divided into 6 equal sized grains, with 2 in the transverse direction and 3 in the longitudinal direction. The size parameter of each crystal grain becomes 17mm × 25mm × 50mm, and the width of the tie rod 4 is 1mm. The arrangement mode of the meter-shaped units 1 in the device is the same as that of the upper section. At this time, the 6 crystal grains may sequentially form three groups of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 according to the rotation mode of the m-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure shown in fig. 3, and two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 along the central line are in mirror symmetry, so as to form the m-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure with the number of crystal grains of 6.
Further, the multi-crystal micro-truss structure can be divided into 8 grains with equal size, wherein the horizontal direction is divided into 2 grains, and the vertical direction is divided into 4 grains. The size parameter of each crystal grain is changed to 13mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 50mm, the width of the connecting rod 4 is 1mm, the arrangement mode of the meter-shaped units 1 in the connecting rod is the same as that of the upper section, and referring to fig. 5, two crystal grains which are adjacent to each other at the left and the right at the same horizontal position form a group. Similarly, referring to the arrangement of fig. 3 and 4, 8 crystal grains form four sets of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2, and two adjacent sets of twin crystal type micro-truss regions 2 along the central line are in mirror symmetry, so as to form a mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure with 8 crystal grains.
Fig. 6 is a compressive stress-strain curve (rotation angle 30 °; number of crystal grains 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively) of the double-crystal micro truss structure with zigzag units obtained in the above example, and fig. 7 is a curve (rotation angle 30 °; number of crystal grains 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively) of the yield strength of the double-crystal micro truss structure with zigzag units obtained in the above example, as a function of the quasi-crystal size.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, when the number of quasicrystal grains is 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, the yield strength is 23.64MPa, 23.87MPa, 24.09MPa, 24.21MPa, and 24.45MPa, respectively. The compressive yield strength of the twin crystal type micro-truss structure gradually increases with the increase of the number of the quasicrystals.
The square root of the area of the quasi-crystalline grain of the lattice type micro-truss structure is taken as the diameter d of the lattice type micro-truss structure, and the compressive yield strength sigma y and d-1/2 are respectively taken as the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the coordinate axes to draw sigma y -d -1/2 Curve, found compressive yield strength σ after fitting y And d -1/2 Approximately presents a linear relationship with a slope k =7.80MPa · mm1/2, σ y ＝22.52Mpa。
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A composite energy absorption structure based on a Mi-shaped unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure is characterized by consisting of a plurality of layers of polycrystalline type micro-truss structures subjected to 3D printing layer by layer along the Z-axis direction, a lattice type micro-truss structure consisting of two-dimensional lattice structural units in single orientation is defined to be a single crystal type micro-truss structure, the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure comprises a plurality of groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a central line of the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure, each group of twin crystal type micro-truss areas is formed by respectively rotating a left part and a right part of the single crystal type micro-truss structures which take the central line as the symmetrical line in opposite directions and at the same angle around the Z axis, and the two-dimensional point array structural units are Mi-shaped units;
the angle of rotation is 7.5 °, 15 °, 22.5 °, 30 °, 37.5 ° or 42.5 °;
two adjacent groups of twin crystal type micro-truss areas along the direction of the central line are in mirror symmetry;
the printing material used by the polycrystalline micro-truss structure is a PLA material;
the size parameters of the polycrystalline micro truss structure are as follows: length × width × height =49mm × 49mm × 50mm;
the size parameters of each Chinese character 'mi' shaped unit are as follows: length × width × height =7mm × 7mm × 7mm;
the Chinese character 'mi' shaped units are formed by arranging and connecting the same nodes by connecting rods;
the thickness of the connecting rod is 1mm;
the twin crystal type micro-truss area is provided with two groups, three groups or four groups or more.
2. The 3D printing method of a composite energy absorbing structure based on a mi-shaped unit polymorphic micro-truss structure according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
taking the surface of the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure as an X-Y plane and the height direction as a Z axis, and then printing the polycrystalline type micro-truss structure layer by layer along the Z axis direction.
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| CN107321984A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of three-dimensional controllable auxetic Multi cell structure based on 3D printing |
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| CN110389070A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-29 | 重庆大学 | The research method and lattice material that the pose of lattice structure influences material mechanical performance |
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| CN107321984A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of three-dimensional controllable auxetic Multi cell structure based on 3D printing |
| CN108009336A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of micro- truss structure carrying and the Multipurpose Optimal Method of thermal protection structure |
| CN110389070A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-29 | 重庆大学 | The research method and lattice material that the pose of lattice structure influences material mechanical performance |
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