CN111985056A - Machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning - Google Patents

Machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111985056A
CN111985056A CN202010643802.XA CN202010643802A CN111985056A CN 111985056 A CN111985056 A CN 111985056A CN 202010643802 A CN202010643802 A CN 202010643802A CN 111985056 A CN111985056 A CN 111985056A
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feature
characteristic
machining
template
planning
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吴建顺
乔治
顾井峰
陈乐平
冯国成
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/27Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model

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Abstract

The invention provides a machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning, which comprises the following steps: establishing a characteristic template library, establishing and loading a characteristic information list, marking part characteristic tolerance, identifying characteristic information, planning a computer-aided process, simulating a machining path and generating a numerical control program. The method realizes rapid process planning and manufacturing of machined parts, the innovative part modeling method improves the accuracy of the feature identification process, the CAPP system reduces the workload of process personnel and reduces the process regulation making time, the intelligent optimization algorithm is introduced to improve the adaptability of the CAPP system, the CAM system is introduced to realize verification of the process regulation and simulation of a processing path, the integration of the CAD/CAPP/CAM system is realized, the problem of overlong manufacturing period of the machined parts is solved, the process planning efficiency is improved, and the product manufacturing period is shortened.

Description

Machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optimized product structure design, and particularly relates to a machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning.
Background
The part features are an information set with specific design and manufacturing connotations and can be divided into design features and processing features, the processing features are information which is extracted from the three-dimensional model and is related to the processing and manufacturing processes, the processing features can be applied to a CAPP system and a CAM system, the organic integration of the CAD/CAPP/CAM system is realized, the design period and the manufacturing period of the part are further shortened, and the method has important application value.
At present, the process planning process of aircraft products mainly comprises the steps of making a process rule by a process department according to a design model provided by a design unit, mainly depending on the experience of technologists and part processors, not only lacking the process of analog simulation in a CAM system, but also being not beneficial to the accumulation of process planning experience, and directly influencing the manufacturing period of parts. The small-batch production of aircraft products is characterized in that a decision part of technologists is only familiar with specific machined parts and cannot master the process planning process of most of the machined parts. The CAPP system simplifies the process planning process of parts, so that the process planning is more computer-dependent, the computerization of the process planning is realized, the process planning process is not only specific to specific parts, but also the process planning process of parts with various complex characteristics can be realized. Besides the CAPP system, the CAM system can not only realize the inspection of the part process planning process, but also simulate the tool path, analyze the rationality of the machining process, and provide support for selecting reasonable machine tools, clamps, tools, process parameters and the like and designing reasonable tool advancing and retracting paths.
Input information is needed for realizing process planning and executing CAM simulation analysis, the input information is from a design model, is obtained by carrying out feature recognition on the design model, and specifies a certain data format to realize the application of processing feature recognition information in a CAPP and CAM system. The difficulty and easiness of recognition of the processing characteristic information are directly determined by a design method/strategy of a design model, the model designed in a CAD system usually adopts a sketch mode, few characteristics are designed by adopting a template, and recognition of the processing characteristic information is not facilitated.
In view of the above, the invention provides a machining part design method considering that rapid process planning can be realized, which realizes effective integration of a CAD/CAPP/CAM system, adopts a form of a feature template to design part features of a part model, realizes feature information extraction according to an existing feature recognition algorithm, provides effective input for the CAPP and CAM system, optimizes a product process design process, improves process design efficiency and shortens a product manufacturing period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning, which can rapidly realize the process planning process of parts.
The invention relates to a machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a common feature template library according to common features of the parts, establishing a special template aiming at the unique features of the parts, completing part modeling by adopting the established feature template, and establishing a part coordinate system for the established parts for subsequent feature identification;
s2: after modeling of the model is completed, tolerance marking is carried out on each characteristic surface of the part; establishing a part characteristic information list and adding the part characteristic information list into a part structure tree, wherein the part characteristic information list comprises a characteristic serial number, a characteristic type and a characteristic name, and the same characteristic type is endowed with different characteristic names for distinguishing;
s3: identifying each feature type, the position of each feature type in a part coordinate system and tolerance information associated with each feature by taking a part model established based on the feature template as input, and deriving and storing the identified information; the tolerance information associated with each feature comprises a dimensional tolerance, a form and position tolerance or roughness;
s4: loading the identification information as input into a CAPP system to realize part process planning, formulating rough machining, finish machining and semi-finish machining combinations according to the marked tolerance information, and sequencing the working procedures to formulate a reasonable process rule;
s5: and (3) with the CAPP to set a process rule as a guide, simulating a part machining process in the CAM system, analyzing the tool path and the reasonability of a tool feeding and retracting strategy, and deriving a part machining numerical control code for actual part machining.
Further, in the step S3, UG software is adopted for secondary development, and a feature recognition algorithm is incorporated for feature recognition, where the feature recognition algorithm includes a rule-based method, a graph theory-based recognition method, and a decomposition method.
Furthermore, when the characteristic identification is carried out, the identification characteristic result is checked with the content in the characteristic information list.
Further, the step S4 employs a machine learning or deep learning algorithm for sequence ordering.
Further, the common feature templates of the parts in the step S1 include a boss feature template, a slot feature template, and a hole feature template;
the boss characteristic template comprises a cylindrical boss and a cuboid boss; the characteristic parameters of the cylindrical boss comprise a central position, a diameter and a height; the characteristic parameters of the cuboid boss comprise a central position, a length, a width and a height;
the groove characteristic template comprises a closed groove, a through groove and a blind groove; the characteristic parameters of the closed slot comprise center, length, width and height; the characteristic parameters of the through groove comprise linear size, angle size, width and height; the characteristic parameters of the blind slot comprise linear size, width and height;
the hole characteristic template comprises a simple hole, a counter bore and a counter bore; simple hole characteristic parameters include center, radius, depth, tip angle; the characteristic parameters of the countersunk hole comprise a center, a countersunk diameter, a countersunk depth, a diameter, a depth and a tip angle; the countersink characteristic parameters include center, countersink diameter, countersink angle, diameter, depth, and tip angle.
The invention adopts the feature template to carry out part modeling, simplifies the part modeling steps, provides favorable input for subsequent feature identification, provides effective information for the process planning process of the CAPP system, simplifies the part process planning process, reduces the workload of process personnel, simultaneously simulates the part processing path in the CAM system, verifies the correctness and rationality of the process planning, and shortens the part processing time and the product manufacturing period by exporting part processing numerical control codes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a machining part design method for realizing rapid process planning according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of feature information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a machining part design method capable of implementing fast process planning, which comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a common characteristic template library which comprises a plurality of characteristics such as boss characteristics, groove characteristics, hole characteristics and the like, establishing a special template aiming at the special characteristics of the part, completing part modeling by adopting the established characteristic template, and establishing a part coordinate system for the established part so as to facilitate subsequent characteristic identification;
the method for establishing the common characteristic template library of the boss characteristic, the groove characteristic and the hole characteristic comprises the following steps:
the boss characteristic template comprises a cylindrical boss and a cuboid boss,
the two characteristic template parameters are respectively set as follows: a cylindrical boss (central position, diameter and height), a cuboid boss (central position, length, width and height);
the groove characteristic template comprises a closed groove, a through groove and a blind groove, and the parameter settings of each characteristic template are respectively as follows: closed slots (center, length, width, height), through slots (linear size, angular size, width, height), blind slots (linear size, width, height);
the hole characteristic template comprises a simple hole, a counter bore and a counter bore, and the parameter settings of each characteristic template are respectively as follows: simple holes (center, radius, depth, tip angle), countersinks (center, countersink diameter, countersink depth, diameter, depth, tip angle), countersinks (center, countersink diameter, countersink angle, diameter, depth, tip angle);
the feature templates are adopted in the part modeling process, and the sketch function is not used, so that the subsequent feature identification process is facilitated.
2) After modeling of the model is completed, tolerance marking is carried out on each feature surface of the part, a feature information list is added in a part structure tree, feature serial numbers and feature types are marked, the same feature types are counted completely, and different feature names are given;
3) taking a part model established based on a feature template as input, adopting UG secondary development technology to identify features, identifying each feature type and the position of each feature type in a part coordinate system and tolerance information associated with each feature, including information such as dimensional tolerance, form and position tolerance or roughness, and exporting the identified information to store in a certain data format; the characteristic result is identified and the content in the characteristic information list is checked, so that all the characteristics can be correctly identified; the identification information can be output by adopting an XML format file so as to be applied to a CAPP system and a CAM system;
4) loading the identification information as input into a CAPP system to realize part process planning, formulating rough machining, finish machining and semi-finish machining combinations according to the marked tolerance information, and sequencing the working procedures to formulate a reasonable process rule;
5) the method is characterized in that a process rule set by CAPP is taken as guidance, a part machining process is simulated in a CAM system, the process parameter selection, the manufacturing resource selection and the like are included, a tool path and the reasonability of a tool feeding and retracting strategy are analyzed, and a part machining numerical control code is derived and used for actual part machining.
When tool path simulation is carried out in the CAM system, the numerical control code export format meets the requirements of an actual processing machine tool.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 2, the part is created from common template features including boss features, slot features and hole features, and the following table lists the types of features and feature names included in the part:
serial number Type of feature Feature name
1 Cuboid boss Cuboid boss _1
2 Cylindrical boss Cylindrical boss _1
3 Closed groove Closed slot _1
4 Simple hole Simple hole _1
5 Simple hole Simple hole _2
6 Countersunk hole Counterbore _1
7 Countersunk hole Counterbore _2
8 Countersink Countersink _1
The table can be added into a part structure tree as a part feature information list, all features are included when the feature information list carries out statistics on the features, and the features with repeated feature types can be distinguished by defining different feature names.
The method comprises the steps of taking a part model established based on a feature template as input, carrying out secondary development in UG software, integrating a feature recognition algorithm (such as a rule-based method, a graph theory recognition method, a body decomposition method and the like) to carry out feature recognition, recognizing feature types, feature names, feature positions, feature association tolerances and the like of the part model, storing recognized information into a database, and exporting the recognized information by adopting an XML format.
The feature identification information is imported into a CAPP system, appropriate machining resources such as machining methods, machine tools, cutters and the like are selected according to feature types, machining modes or combinations such as rough machining, semi-finish machining or fine machining are selected according to feature associated tolerance information, each procedure sequence is determined according to the machining following rules, and intelligent optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm, deep learning algorithm and the like) are introduced in the procedure sequencing process, so that each rule is more in line with actual machining knowledge.
The method comprises the steps of mapping a process rule generated by a CAPP system into a CAM system, designing a part blank, analyzing processing resource selection and the reasonability of each procedure, simulating a part processing path, making a reasonable tool advancing and retracting strategy, and simultaneously exporting a numerical control code matched with processing equipment to realize rapid manufacturing of parts.
The invention establishes the part model based on the defined characteristic template, simplifies the part modeling form, improves the identification accuracy and the identification efficiency when carrying out the characteristic identification, loads the identification information into the CAPP system for process planning, and the CAM system realizes the verification of the process regulation established by the CAPP system and can directly export the numerical control code to realize the part processing. The invention realizes the integration of the CAD/CAPP/CAM system, simplifies the part modeling form, reduces the workload of process planners and the process planning time, realizes the digital design and manufacturing process, shortens the production period of machining parts and reduces the product cost.
The above-mentioned specific implementation procedures are only for explaining and explaining the technical solution of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be clear to those skilled in the art that any simple modification or replacement based on the technical solution of the present invention may be adopted to obtain a new technical solution, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a common feature template library according to common features of the parts, establishing a special template aiming at the unique features of the parts, completing part modeling by adopting the established feature template, and establishing a part coordinate system for the established parts for subsequent feature identification;
s2: after modeling of the model is completed, tolerance marking is carried out on each characteristic surface of the part; establishing a part characteristic information list and adding the part characteristic information list into a part structure tree, wherein the part characteristic information list comprises a characteristic serial number, a characteristic type and a characteristic name, and the same characteristic type is endowed with different characteristic names for distinguishing;
s3: identifying each feature type, the position of each feature type in a part coordinate system and tolerance information associated with each feature by taking a part model established based on the feature template as input, and deriving and storing the identified information; the tolerance information associated with each feature comprises a dimensional tolerance, a form and position tolerance or roughness;
s4: loading the identification information as input into a CAPP system to realize part process planning, formulating rough machining, finish machining and semi-finish machining combinations according to the marked tolerance information, and sequencing the working procedures to formulate a reasonable process rule;
s5: and (3) with the CAPP to set a process rule as a guide, simulating a part machining process in the CAM system, analyzing the tool path and the reasonability of a tool feeding and retracting strategy, and deriving a part machining numerical control code for actual part machining.
2. The machine-added part design method capable of realizing the rapid process planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S3 is implemented by using UG software for secondary development and incorporating a feature recognition algorithm for feature recognition, wherein the feature recognition algorithm comprises a rule-based method, a graph theory-based recognition method and a decomposition method.
3. The machine-added part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, when performing feature identification, the identified feature result is checked against the content in the feature information list.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S4 is performed by a machine learning algorithm or a deep learning algorithm.
5. The method for designing machining parts capable of realizing rapid process planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common feature templates of the parts in the step S1 include a boss feature template, a slot feature template, and a hole feature template;
the boss characteristic template comprises a cylindrical boss and a cuboid boss; the characteristic parameters of the cylindrical boss comprise a central position, a diameter and a height; the characteristic parameters of the cuboid boss comprise a central position, a length, a width and a height;
the groove characteristic template comprises a closed groove, a through groove and a blind groove; the characteristic parameters of the closed slot comprise center, length, width and height; the characteristic parameters of the through groove comprise linear size, angle size, width and height; the characteristic parameters of the blind slot comprise linear size, width and height;
the hole characteristic template comprises a simple hole, a counter bore and a counter bore; simple hole characteristic parameters include center, radius, depth, tip angle; the characteristic parameters of the countersunk hole comprise a center, a countersunk diameter, a countersunk depth, a diameter, a depth and a tip angle; the countersink characteristic parameters include center, countersink diameter, countersink angle, diameter, depth, and tip angle.
CN202010643802.XA 2020-07-07 2020-07-07 Machining part design method capable of realizing rapid process planning Pending CN111985056A (en)

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