CN111983462B - Method for testing charging and discharging performance of vehicle lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for testing charging and discharging performance of vehicle lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting charge and discharge performance parameters and influence factors of the charge and discharge performance parameters; s2: simulating battery charging, acquiring the time for charging the battery from the same charge state to different set charge states, and determining the charging performance index of the battery; s3: simulating battery discharge to obtain the maximum driving mileage of vehicles with different battery SOC, and determining the discharge performance index of the battery; s4: and obtaining the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index of the battery according to the sum. According to the invention, the charging and discharging performance index and the discharging performance index of the battery are obtained by selecting the charging and discharging performance parameters of the lithium ion battery and the influence factors influencing the charging and discharging performance and simulating the charging and discharging of the battery under different working conditions based on the influence factors, and finally the comprehensive charging and discharging performance index of the battery is obtained, so that the problem that the charging and discharging performance of the vehicle-mounted battery cannot be well reflected by a test model is effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery performance testing, in particular to a method for testing the charging and discharging performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle.
Background
With the continuous development of social economy, the living standard of people is greatly improved, the energy demand is also increased rapidly, and the environmental problem which is more severe is followed. The electric automobile is widely popularized due to low energy demand and small pollution, so that the energy pressure is relieved, and the environmental pollution problem is also solved.
Electric automobile (pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles) adopts lithium ion battery as the power supply of car, provides the power demand of vehicle driving in-process, but electric automobile's battery often can have the not enough condition of charge-discharge, leads to the kilometer number of traveling to reduce, and fills electric pile not popularized again, and people must leave certain electric quantity for lithium ion battery and look for filling electric pile, and this becomes one of people's unwilling main reason of buying and using electric automobile. Therefore, the charge and discharge performance of lithium ion batteries is a hot issue for research.
The patent with the patent number of 201810961546.1 and the publication date of 2020.06.19, namely 'modeling simulation and state diagnosis of a lithium ion battery' discloses a method for modeling simulation and state diagnosis of the lithium ion battery, wherein the state of the lithium ion battery is simulated by modeling the discharge voltage and the discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery which are charged and discharged in a constant working system. However, the model is a state diagnosis performed under a constant working system, and the lithium ion battery for the vehicle does not have a constant working mode due to the difference between the road condition, the working condition and the battery state, and needs to work according to the required power of the driving state of the vehicle at any time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for testing charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle, which obtains a charge performance index and a discharge performance index of the battery by selecting charge and discharge performance parameters of the lithium ion battery and influence factors influencing the charge and discharge performance and simulating charge and discharge of the battery under different working conditions based on the influence factors, and finally obtains a comprehensive charge and discharge performance index of the battery, thereby effectively solving the problem that a test model cannot well reflect the charge and discharge performance of a vehicle-mounted battery.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for testing the charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery for the vehicle comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting charge and discharge performance parameters of a lithium ion battery and influence factors influencing the charge and discharge performance;
the battery charging and discharging performance parameters are battery charging performance and battery discharging performance;
the influencing factors include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) ambient temperature, battery SOC, charging and discharging times, road surface flatness and battery charging and discharging balance coefficient;
s2, simulating the charging conditions of the batteries under different environmental temperatures and different charging times, acquiring the time for charging the batteries from the same charge state to different set charge states, and determining the charging performance index S of the batteries c ：
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,S c is the charge performance index, n, of the battery tc For the charge life of the battery, n c The number of times the battery has been charged, α i Weighting the charging Performance, SOC, of the Battery at the ith ambient temperature j Setting the state of charge, t, for the jth of the battery j Charging a battery from the same state of charge to a state of charge of SOC j Time of flight, SOC 0 Is the initial state of charge of the battery, m is the number of ambient temperature points tested, n is the number of set state of charge points tested, V SOC，c0 The standard charging state of charge value of the battery in unit time is obtained;
s3, simulating battery discharge working conditions under different discharge times, different battery temperatures and different road surface flatness, obtaining the maximum driving mileage of vehicles with different batteries soc, and determining the discharge performance index S of the battery d ：
Wherein S is d Is the discharge performance index of the battery, n td Is the discharge life of the battery, n d The number of times the battery has been discharged, α p，q Weighting the discharge performance of the cell under the pavement evenness corresponding to the p-th cell temperature and the q-th charge state, S maxq To state of charge of SOC p The flatness of the cell on the road surface is E q Maximum driving distance in the shape of (D), E h For the road flatness of a highway surface, k is the number of battery temperature points tested, L is the number of different batteries soc tested, V SOC，d0 The standard mileage for battery unit state of charge driving;
s4, obtaining the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of the battery according to the charge performance index and the discharge performance index of the battery cp 。
Preferably, in S4, the comprehensive charge/discharge performance index of the battery is obtained by the fuzzy controller according to the following process:
charging performance index S of battery c Discharge performance index S of battery d Inputting into a fuzzy controller, wherein the charging performance index S of the battery c And discharge performance index S of the battery d 7 grades are divided;
comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of output battery of fuzzy controller cp The output is divided into 7 grades;
a charge performance index S of the battery c Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantization factor is 1; discharge performance index S of the battery d Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantification factor is 1; comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of output battery cp Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantification factor is 1;
the fuzzy set of inputs and outputs is { NB, NM, NS,0, PS, PM, PB }.
Preferably, the obtaining of the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index of the battery further comprises using a fuzzy PID controller:
inputting the ideal charge-discharge balance coefficient of the battery in the ith test process
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
The deviation e and the deviation change rate ec of the battery are output, and the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the PID are output and input into a PID controller to carry out the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of the battery cp And (4) error compensation control.
Preferably, the ideal charge-discharge balance coefficient of the battery
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
The ambiguity field of the deviation e of (a) is [ -1,1]The quantification factor is 1; the ambiguity domain of the deviation change rate ec is [ -1,1]To determineThe quantization factor is 1;
the fuzzy domain of the proportional coefficient of the output PID is [ -1,1], and the quantification factor of the output PID is 0.1; the fuzzy domain of the proportional integral coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantification factor of the proportional integral coefficient is 0.1; the ambiguity domain of the differential coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantification factor of the differential coefficient is 0.0001;
the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec are divided into 7 grades; the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are divided into 7 grades;
the fuzzy set of the input and output of the fuzzy PID controller is { NB, NM, NS,0, PS, PM, PB }.
Preferably, when S cp When the battery is more than or equal to 0.75, the battery meets the requirement of the vehicle battery; when S is cp If < 0.75, the battery does not satisfy the requirements of the vehicle battery.
Preferably, in S2, the determination process of the charging performance weight of the battery is:
carrying out charging tests on the battery under a constant charging working system and different environmental temperatures, and recording the charging time from the charging state of 0 to the charging state of 100 of the battery under different temperatures;
drawing a temperature charging time curve of the battery by taking the ambient temperature as an abscissa and the charging time as an ordinate;
determining the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the curve, and determining a difference value;
and recording the ratio of the slope of the curve at different temperature points to the difference value of the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the curve as the charging performance weight of the battery at different temperature points.
Preferably, the constant charging working system is that the vehicle type is the same, the battery type is the same, and the vehicle is in a parking state.
Preferably, in S3, the determination process of the discharge performance weight of the battery is:
carrying out discharge tests on the battery under a constant discharge working system and different battery temperatures, and respectively recording the discharge time from the battery discharging from the state of charge of 100 to the state of charge of 0 under the corresponding pavement evenness and different temperatures;
drawing temperature discharge time curves of the batteries corresponding to different pavement evenness by taking the battery temperature as an abscissa and the discharge time as an ordinate;
determining the maximum slope and the minimum slope of curves corresponding to different pavement evenness, and determining a difference value;
and recording the ratio of the curve slopes of different road surface evenness and different temperature points to the difference value between the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the corresponding curve as the discharge performance weight of the battery at different temperature points under the corresponding road surface evenness.
Preferably, the constant discharge working system is that the vehicle type is the same, the battery type is the same and the vehicle running state is a standard constant state
Preferably, in S1, the road flatness includes urban road surfaces, express road surfaces, and rural road surfaces classified according to different flatness.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
according to the invention, the charging and discharging performance parameters of the lithium ion battery and the influence factors influencing the charging and discharging performance are selected, and the charging and discharging of the battery under different working conditions are simulated based on the influence factors to obtain the charging performance index and the discharging performance index of the battery, so that the comprehensive charging and discharging performance index of the battery is finally obtained, and the problem that a test model cannot well reflect the charging and discharging performance of the vehicle-mounted battery is effectively solved; meanwhile, the comprehensive charging and discharging performance index of the battery can be determined based on the fuzzy control method and the charging performance index and the discharging performance index of the battery, and the test result is more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for testing charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a charging performance index S of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention c A membership function of;
FIG. 3 shows a discharge performance index S of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention d A membership function of;
FIG. 4 shows a comprehensive charge-discharge performance index S of a battery in a charge-discharge performance test method for a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention cp A membership function of;
fig. 5 shows an ideal charge-discharge balance coefficient of a battery in a charge-discharge performance testing method for a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
Membership function of the deviation e of (a);
fig. 6 is a membership function of a deviation change rate ec in the charge-discharge performance testing method for the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a membership function of an output PID in the charge and discharge performance test method for the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a membership function of a proportional-integral coefficient in a method for testing charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a membership function of a differential coefficient in a method for testing charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a method for testing charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, selecting a charge and discharge performance parameter of a lithium ion battery and an influence factor influencing the charge and discharge performance;
the battery charging and discharging performance parameters are battery charging performance and battery discharging performance;
the influence factors comprise: the method comprises the following steps of (1) ambient temperature, battery SOC, charging and discharging times, road surface flatness and battery charging and discharging balance coefficient;
the road surface flatness comprises urban road surfaces, express road surfaces and country road surfaces which are classified according to different flatness; i.e. the road surface is divided into urban, high-speed and rural road surfaces according to the road surface flatness.
S2, simulating the charging conditions of the battery under different environmental temperatures and different charging times, charging the battery from the same charge state to different set charge states for different time, and determining the charging performance index S of the battery c ：
Wherein Sc is a charging performance index of the battery, ntc is a charging life of the battery, nc is a number of times the battery has been charged, and alpha i Weighting the charging Performance, SOC, of the Battery at the ith ambient temperature j Setting the state of charge, t, for the jth of the battery j Charging a battery from the same state of charge to a state of charge of SOC j Time of day, SOC 0 Is the initial state of charge of the battery, m is the number of ambient temperature points tested, n is the number of set state of charge points tested, V SOC，c0 The standard charge state of charge value per unit time of the battery.
The determination process of the charging performance weight of the battery comprises the following steps:
carrying out charging tests on the battery under a constant charging working system and different environmental temperatures, and recording the charging time from the charging state of 0 to the charging state of 100 of the battery under different temperatures;
drawing a temperature charging time curve of the battery by taking the ambient temperature as an abscissa and the charging time as an ordinate;
determining the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the curve, and determining a difference value;
and recording the ratio of the slope of the curve at different temperature points to the difference value between the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the curve as the charging performance weight of the battery at different temperature points.
It should be noted that the constant charging operation system includes that the vehicle type is the same, the battery type is the same, and the vehicle is in a parking state.
S3, simulating the discharge working conditions of the batteries under different discharge times, different battery temperatures and different road flatness, and the maximum driving mileage of vehicles with different batteries soc, and determining the discharge performance index S of the batteries d ：
Wherein S is d Is the discharge performance index of the battery, n td Is the discharge life of the battery, n d The number of times the battery has been discharged, α p，q Weighting the discharge performance of the battery under the pavement evenness corresponding to the pth battery temperature and the qth state of charge, S maxq To state of charge of SOC p The flatness of the cell on the road surface is E q Maximum driving distance in the shape of (D), E h For the road flatness of a highway surface, k is the number of battery temperature points tested, L is the number of different batteries soc tested, V SOC，d0 The standard mileage of battery unit state of charge driving.
The determination process of the discharge performance weight of the battery comprises the following steps:
carrying out discharge tests on the battery under a constant discharge working system and different battery temperatures, and respectively recording the discharge time from the battery discharging from the state of charge of 100 to the state of charge of 0 under the corresponding pavement evenness and different temperatures;
drawing temperature discharge time curves of the batteries corresponding to different pavement evenness by taking the battery temperature as an abscissa and the discharge time as an ordinate;
determining the maximum slope and the minimum slope of curves corresponding to different pavement evenness, and determining a difference value;
and recording the ratio of the different road surface flatness, the different temperature point curve slopes and the difference value between the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the corresponding curve as the discharge performance weight of the battery at the different temperature points under the corresponding road surface flatness.
It should be noted that the constant discharge operation system includes that the vehicle type is the same, the battery type is the same, and the vehicle running state is a standard constant state.
S4, according to the charging performance index S of the battery c And discharge performance index S of the battery d Determining a comprehensive charge-discharge performance index S of a battery cp ；
When S is cp When the battery is more than or equal to 0.75, the battery meets the requirement of the vehicle battery;
when S is cp If < 0.75, the battery does not satisfy the requirements of a vehicle battery.
The determination of the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index of the battery comprises a fuzzy controller and a fuzzy PID controller, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s4.1, charging performance index S of battery c Discharge performance index S of battery d And the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of the battery c x, carrying out fuzzy processing; charging performance index S of battery under non-control c Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantization factor is 1; discharge performance index S of battery d Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantification factor is 1; comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of output battery cp Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantification factor is 1. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test and obtain better test results, the experiment is repeated to determine the optimal input and output levels, wherein, the charging performance index S of the battery in the fuzzy controller c Discharge performance index S of battery d Dividing into 7 grades; comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of output battery cp The output is divided into 7 grades; the fuzzy sets of the input and the output are { NB, NM, NS,0, PS, PM, PB }, and the membership functions of the input and the output adopt triangular membership functions, which are shown in detail in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. Wherein the fuzzy test rule of the fuzzy controller is as follows:
(1) Charging performance index S of battery c Certain, discharge performance index S of the battery d Increase, need to increase electricityComprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of pool cp ；
(2) Discharge performance index S of battery d Constant, charging performance index S of the battery c Increase of the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of the battery cp ；
The specific control rules of the fuzzy control are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 Integrated Charge-discharge Performance index S of the Battery cp Fuzzy output table of (1)
Charging performance index S of input battery of fuzzy controller c And discharge performance index S of the battery d Obtaining the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index S of the output battery of the fuzzy controller by using the fuzzy control rule table 1 cp And the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index S of the battery cp Defuzzification is performed by using a gravity center method.
S4.2 fuzzy PID controller
The ideal charge-discharge balance coefficient of the battery in the ith test process
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
The deviation e, the deviation change rate ec, the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are subjected to fuzzy processing; in the absence of control, the ambiguity field of the deviation e is [ -1,1]The quantization factor is 1; the ambiguity range of the deviation change rate ec is [ -1,1]The quantization factor is 1; proportional coefficient K of PID p The ambiguity domain is [ -1,1]The quantization factor is 0.1. Proportional integral coefficient K of PID i The ambiguity domain is [ -1,1]Its quantization factor is 0.1; differential coefficient K of PID d The ambiguity domain is [ -1,1]Its quantization factor is 0.0001. In order to ensure the control accuracy, achieve better control, repeat experiments, determine the optimal input and output levels,wherein, the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec in the fuzzy controller are divided into 7 grades; the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are divided into 7 grades; the fuzzy sets of the input and the output are { NB, NM, NS,0, PS, PM, PB }, and the membership functions of the input and the output adopt triangular membership functions, as shown in FIGS. 5-9. The fuzzy control rule is as follows:
1. when the deviation | e | is large, K is increased p So that the deviation is rapidly reduced, but a larger deviation change rate is generated at the same time, and a smaller K is required d Usually take K i ＝0；
2. When the values of | ec | and | e | are in the middle and the like, K is properly reduced to avoid overshoot p Is taken to be value of K i Smaller, select a proper size of K d ；
3. When the deviation | e | is small, K is increased p 、K i To avoid the unstable oscillation phenomenon occurring near the steady state value of the system, usually, when | ec | is larger, the smaller K is taken d (ii) a When | ec | is small, take the larger K d (ii) a Specific fuzzy control rules are detailed in tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2 PID proportionality coefficient K p Fuzzy control table of
TABLE 3 PID proportional-integral coefficient K i Fuzzy control table of
TABLE 4 differential coefficient K of PID d Fuzzy control table of
Inputting the ideal charge-discharge balance coefficient of the battery in the ith test process
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
The deviation e and the deviation change rate ec of the battery are output, the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the PID are output, the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient are defuzzified by a height method, and the defuzzified proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient are input into a PID controller to carry out the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index S of the battery cp The error compensation control of (2) has a control formula of:
the invention also selects lithium manganate batteries with comprehensive charge and discharge performance of 10 groups of known batteries, and carries out labeling, and the specific charge and discharge performance is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 test data
The lithium ion battery for the vehicle provided by the invention is used for testing the battery with consistent performance, and the test result is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 test results
From tables 5 and 6, it can be known that the result of whether the battery meets the requirement of the vehicle power source determined by the charge and discharge performance index of the battery measured by the charge and discharge performance test method of the vehicle lithium ion battery provided by the invention is basically consistent with the known actual performance of the battery, which shows that the charge and discharge performance test method of the vehicle lithium ion battery provided by the invention is accurate and reliable.
The charge and discharge performance test method for the lithium ion battery for the vehicle, which is designed and developed by the invention, can respectively obtain the charge performance index and the discharge performance index of the battery by synthesizing various influence factors, determine the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index of the battery and comprehensively test results. The invention can also determine the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index of the battery based on the fuzzy control method in combination with the charge performance index and the discharge performance index of the battery, and the test result is more accurate.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing charge and discharge performance of a lithium ion battery for a vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting charge and discharge performance parameters of a lithium ion battery and influence factors influencing the charge and discharge performance;
the battery charging and discharging performance parameters are battery charging performance and battery discharging performance;
the influence factors include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining ambient temperature, battery SOC, charging and discharging times, road surface flatness and battery charging and discharging balance coefficient;
s2, simulating the charging conditions of the battery under different environmental temperatures and different charging times, acquiring the time for charging the battery from the same charge state to different set charge states, and determining the charging performance index S of the battery c ：
Wherein n is tc For the charging life of the battery, n c The number of times the battery has been charged, alpha i Weighting the charging Performance of the Battery at the ith ambient temperature, SOC j Setting the state of charge, t, for the jth of the battery j Charging a battery from the same state of charge to a state of charge of SOC j Time of flight, SOC 0 For the initial state of charge of the battery, m is the number of ambient temperature points tested, n is the number of set state of charge points tested, V SOC,c0 The standard charging state of charge value of the battery in unit time is obtained;
s3, simulating battery discharging working conditions under different discharging times, different battery temperatures and different road flatness, obtaining the maximum driving mileage of vehicles with different battery SOCs, and determining the discharging performance index S of the battery d ：
Wherein n is td Is the discharge life of the battery, n d The number of times the battery has been discharged, α p,q Weighting the discharge performance of the battery under the pavement evenness corresponding to the pth battery temperature and the qth state of charge, S maxq To state of charge of SOC p The flatness of the cell on the road surface is E q Maximum driving mileage under the shape of (E) h For the road flatness of a highway surface, k is the number of battery temperature points tested, L is the number of different batteries soc tested, V SOC,d0 The standard mileage for driving the battery unit in a state of charge;
s4, obtaining the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of the battery according to the charge performance index and the discharge performance index of the battery cp 。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index of the battery is obtained by a fuzzy controller according to the following process:
charging performance index S of battery c Discharge performance index S of battery d Inputting into a fuzzy controller, the charging performance index S of the battery in the fuzzy controller c And discharge performance index S of the battery d 7 grades are divided;
comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of output battery of fuzzy controller cp The output is divided into 7 grades;
a charge performance index S of the battery c Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantization factor is 1; discharge performance index S of the battery d Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantification factor is 1; comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of output battery cp Has a fuzzy domain of [0,1]The quantification factor is 1;
the fuzzy set of inputs and outputs is { NB, NM, NS,0, PS, PM, PB }.
3. The method for testing the charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the comprehensive charge and discharge performance index S of the battery in S4 is S cp The obtaining further comprises using a fuzzy PID controller:
inputting the ideal charge-discharge balance coefficient of the battery in the ith test process
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
The deviation e and the deviation change rate ec of the battery, and the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are input into a PID controller to carry out the comprehensive charge-discharge performance index S of the battery cp And (4) error compensation control.
4. The method for testing the charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the ideal charge and discharge balance coefficient of the battery
And the actual charge-discharge equilibrium coefficient of the battery
The ambiguity field of the deviation e of (a) is [ -1,1]The quantification factor is 1; the ambiguity range of the deviation change rate ec is [ -1,1]The quantification factor is 1;
the fuzzy domain of the proportional coefficient of the output PID is [ -1,1], and the quantification factor of the output PID is 0.1; the fuzzy domain of the proportional integral coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantification factor of the proportional integral coefficient is 0.1; the ambiguity domain of the differential coefficient is [ -1,1], and the quantification factor of the differential coefficient is 0.0001;
the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec are divided into 7 grades; the proportional coefficient, the proportional integral coefficient and the differential coefficient of the output PID are divided into 7 grades;
the fuzzy set of inputs and outputs of the fuzzy PID controller is { NB, NM, NS,0, PS, PM, PB }.
5. The method for testing the charging and discharging performance of the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to claim 4, wherein S is measured as cp When the battery is more than or equal to 0.75, the battery meets the requirement of the vehicle battery; when S is cp <At 0.75, the battery does not meet the requirements of a vehicle battery.
6. The method for testing the charging and discharging performance of the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step S2, the charging performance weight of the battery is determined by:
carrying out charging tests on the battery under a constant charging working system and different environmental temperatures, and recording the charging time from the charging state of 0 to the charging state of 100 of the battery under different temperatures;
drawing a temperature charging time curve of the battery by taking the ambient temperature as an abscissa and the charging time as an ordinate;
determining the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the curve, and determining a difference value;
and recording the ratio of the slope of the curve at different temperature points to the difference value between the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the curve as the charging performance weight of the battery at different temperature points.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the constant charging system is the same type of vehicle, the same type of battery, and the vehicle is parked.
8. The method for testing the charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery for the vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step S3, the determination process of the discharge performance weight of the battery is as follows:
carrying out discharge tests on the battery under a constant discharge working system and different battery temperatures, and respectively recording the discharge time from the battery discharge from the state of charge of 100 to the state of charge of 0 under the corresponding pavement evenness and different temperatures;
drawing temperature discharge time curves of the batteries corresponding to different pavement evenness by taking the battery temperature as an abscissa and the discharge time as an ordinate;
determining the maximum slope and the minimum slope of curves corresponding to different pavement evenness, and determining a difference value;
and recording the ratio of the different road surface flatness, the different temperature point curve slopes and the difference value between the maximum slope and the minimum slope of the corresponding curve as the discharge performance weight of the battery at the different temperature points under the corresponding road surface flatness.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the constant discharge operation system is the same model, the same battery type and the same vehicle running state.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the road flatness includes urban roads, express roads and rural roads classified according to different flatness.
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