CN111983026B - Ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for T-shaped pipe branch pipe binding surface - Google Patents
Ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for T-shaped pipe branch pipe binding surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for a T-shaped pipe branch pipe binding surface, which comprises the following steps of: s1, establishing a Cartesian three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system: the T pipe is composed of a main pipe and a branch pipe, the included angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe is 90 degrees, when a coordinate system is established, the central line of the main pipe is used as the x axis of a rectangular coordinate system, and the central line of the branch pipe is used as the y axis of the rectangular coordinate system; s2, solving primary wave intersection points: during flaw detection, the ultrasonic probe is positioned on the branch pipe, the ultrasonic probe is attached to the branch pipe, the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is parallel to the direction of the branch pipe, and the coordinate of an incident point of ultrasonic waves is A; at the moment, the ultrasonic wave can be considered to be transmitted on the parallel interface, the solution of the primary wave intersection point on the parallel interface can be realized by utilizing the pythagorean theorem through the thickness L of the parallel surface and the incident angle alpha of the ultrasonic wave; solving a primary wave intersection point B; the problem of present T type pipe branch binding face full coverage flaw detection is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal pipeline flaw detection, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for a T-shaped pipe branch pipe binding surface.
Background
In recent years, the level of a building steel structure is continuously developed, space net racks with large width are more and more, and pipe structures are mostly adopted. Pipe branch joints are mostly formed between pipes, a small-included-angle welding seam is usually formed during welding, welding is inconvenient, and welding defects such as unfused welding, air holes, slag inclusion and the like usually exist at the root of the welding seam. The post-welding nondestructive detection is the most important means for ensuring the structural quality of the welded pipe, but the detection of the welding seam of the KTY-shaped pipe is difficult, and the quality of the welding seam cannot be reliably controlled.
Ultrasonic inspection is one of the conventional inspection techniques and is commonly used for detecting the weld defects of pipelines. However, because the joint surface of the T-shaped pipe is irregular, even if the ultrasonic probe moves on the branch pipe for a circle, the ultrasonic probe cannot ensure the full coverage of the welding seam part, and thus the complete detection of the welding seam part cannot be ensured; because the joint surface of the welding seam is influenced by the pipe diameters of the main pipe and the branch pipe, different joint surfaces can be formed by different pipe parameters, and the problem of flaw detection coverage is also solved.
At present, the artifical inspection mainly relies on the work experience of the personnel of detecting a flaw to come roughly to estimate out the roughly position of welding seam binding face, then, through constantly pressing close to the welding seam position with ultrasonic transducer and carrying out removal detection repeatedly, however, the process can be more complicated, and detection efficiency is lower, and can not guarantee the full coverage and detect, leads to missing the detection and the false positive of defect part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for a T-shaped pipe branch pipe joint surface, which aims to solve the defects or problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for a T-shaped pipe branch joint face, which is characterized by including the following steps:
s1, establishing a Cartesian three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system: the T pipe is composed of a main pipe and a branch pipe, the included angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe is 90 degrees, when a coordinate system is established, the central line of the main pipe is used as the x axis of a rectangular coordinate system, and the central line of the branch pipe is used as the y axis of the rectangular coordinate system;
s2, solving primary wave intersection points: during flaw detection, the ultrasonic probe is positioned on the branch pipe, the ultrasonic probe is attached to the branch pipe, the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is parallel to the direction of the branch pipe, and the coordinate of an incident point of ultrasonic waves is A; at the moment, the ultrasonic wave can be considered to be transmitted on the parallel interface, the solution of the primary wave intersection point on the parallel interface can be realized by utilizing the pythagorean theorem through the thickness L of the parallel surface and the incident angle alpha of the ultrasonic wave; solving a primary wave intersection point B;
s3, solving a secondary wave intersection point: when the ultrasonic beam meets different media, mirror reflection occurs, and the secondary wave intersection point coordinate C of the ultrasonic wave is solved in a parallel interface by using the mirror reflection principle;
s4, solving a space linear equation of the incident ray and the reflected ray: solving three points on the primary wave and secondary wave straight lines in the steps S2 and S3, and writing a primary wave and secondary wave space linear equation by using the three points A, B and C;
s5, calculating the width D of an effective interval and the distance D from the front edge of the probe to the interval D according to the primary wave and the secondary wave surface of the ultrasonic wave beam;
s6, obtaining a change rule of the outer edge of the joint surface of the branch pipe: looking at the whole T-shaped pipe from the side surface of the main pipe, and calculating the offset delta m generated by the branch pipe binding surface influenced by the pipe wall of the main pipe in the y-axis direction according to the outer diameter of the main pipe and the z value of the current position;
s7, setting the incident angle of the ultrasonic beam according to the maximum width of the bonding surface: solving the incidence angle meeting the condition by using the area D width calculation formula in the step S5;
s8, rotating the ultrasonic probe around the branch pipe by an angle theta: the branch pipe is established on the y axis, and when the probe rotates on the branch pipe, the coordinate value of the position of the probe is obtained according to the coordinate A of the rotating starting point, the outer diameter Rs of the branch pipe and the rotating angle theta;
s9, solving the maximum width of the binding surface: when the steel pipe and the steel pipe in the T-shaped pipe are connected, the binding surface is a curved surface; in this case, when the bonding surface is covered, the maximum width needs to be calculated to set the incident angle, so that the maximum width is equal to or less than the covering width of the effective area; the maximum width of the binding surface is obtained by solving the difference value of coordinate points y corresponding to the binding surfaces on the outer wall and the inner wall of the branch pipe when the branch pipe rotates by the same angle, and the required parameters comprise the outer diameter of the main pipe, the outer diameter of the branch pipe, coordinates of an incident point on the outer diameter of the branch pipe and coordinates of a primary wave reflection point on the inner diameter;
and S10, when the inner diameter and outer diameter parameters of the main pipe and the branch pipe are fixed, the maximum width of the adhering surface obtained in the step S9 is a fixed value, the width of the effective interval width D of the ultrasonic waves is adjusted by changing the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe, and full-coverage flaw detection can be realized as long as the effective interval width D is larger than the maximum width of the adhering surface.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, in the step S2, the coordinates of the incident point of the ultrasonic wave are set as a (x 0, x0, z 0), the outer diameter Rm of the main pipe, and the inner diameter Rm of the main pipe; the outer diameter Rs of the branch pipe and the inner diameter Rs of the branch pipe; the primary wave intersection points are B (x 1, y1, z 1), C (x 2, y2, z 2) and the ultrasonic incident angle alpha; the thickness of the branch pipe wall L = Rs-Rs; using the pythagorean theorem one can calculate:
△y＝L*tanα；
△z＝L；
the coordinates of primary intersection point B (x 1, y1, z 1) can be further solved:
x1＝x0；
y1＝y0-△y；
z1＝z0-△z。
in a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, by using the principle of specular reflection, within the parallel interface, it can be calculated that:
△y＝L*tanα；
△z＝0；
the coordinates of the secondary intersection C (x 2, y2, z 2) can be further solved:
x2＝x0；
y2＝y0–2*△y；
z2＝z0-△z。
in a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, a spatial line equation is written by using the incident point a, the primary wave intersection point B and the secondary wave intersection point C:
the parameter equation of the straight line of the primary wave is as follows:
x＝(x2-x1)t+x1；
y＝(y2-y1)t+y1；
z＝(z2-z1)t+z1；
the parameter equation of the line where the secondary wave is located is as follows:
x＝(x3-x2)t+x2；
y＝(y3-y2)t+y2；
z＝(z3-z2)t+z2。
in a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, assuming that each ultrasonic beam is composed of n sound beams, the interval between the incident points of each sound beam is Δ l, the difference between the incident angles of any two adjacent sound beams is β, and a function cluster of the ultrasonic beams is calculated through steps S2, S3, and S4; searching for the effective interval width D according to the wave surface of the primary wave and the secondary wave of the ultrasonic beam in the steel rail, and forming a missed inspection area of the upper surface of the steel pipe when the area is positioned on the left side of the D; when the area is positioned in the right area of the D, a missed inspection area of the lower surface of the steel pipe can be formed; the region D is a region composed of a secondary wave intersection point of the minimum incident angle acoustic beam line and a primary wave intersection point of the maximum incident angle; the width of the region D is influenced by the incident angle and the thickness of the branch pipe wall, wherein the thickness L of the branch pipe wall is Rs-Rs, and the distance from the front edge of the probe to the effective interval is D;
setting the minimum incident angle of the ultrasonic array as alpha 1, and setting the distance from the incident point to the secondary wave reflection point at the minimum incident angle as L1; the maximum incident angle of the ultrasonic array is alpha 2, and the distance from an incident point to a primary wave reflection point at the maximum incident angle is L2;
then, the width of region D is calculated as follows:
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
L2＝L*tanα2；
l＝(n-1)*△l；
D＝L2-L1-l；
the distance D from the probe leading edge to the interval D is calculated as follows:
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
l＝(n-1)*△l；
d＝L1-l。
in a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, since the incident point rotates and moves on the outer wall of the branch pipe, the z value changes accordingly, and Δ m is a rule that the offset changes with the z value in the moving process; according to the external diameter Rs of the main pipe and the z value of the position of the current incident point, the offset delta m generated by the influence of the pipe wall of the main pipe on the branch pipe binding surface in the y-axis direction can be obtained:
in a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S7, using the calculation formula of the width of the region D in step S5, it can be deduced that the incidence angle needs to satisfy the following range:
D＝L2-L1-l；
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
L2＝L*tanα2；
the angle of incidence satisfying the condition can be solved.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, since the branch is established on the y-axis, when the probe is rotated on the branch, the coordinate value (xt, yt, zt) of the position where the probe is located can be obtained from the coordinates (x 0, y0, z 0) of the start point of the rotation, the outer diameter Rs of the branch, and the rotation angle θ:
xt＝x0+Rs*sinθ；
yt＝y0；
zt＝Rs*cosθ。
in a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S9, the maximum width of the abutting surface can be obtained by solving a difference between coordinate points y corresponding to the abutting surfaces on the outer wall and the inner wall of the branch pipe when the pipe rotates by the same angle, and the required parameters include the outer diameter of the main pipe, the outer diameter of the branch pipe, coordinates of an incident point on the outer diameter of the branch pipe, and coordinates of a primary wave reflection point on the inner diameter:
Δmax＝MAX(dY-dy)。
the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the full-coverage analysis method for the branch pipe joint surface of the ultrasonic flaw detection T-shaped pipe, a probe motion trail calculation algorithm for ultrasonic flaw detection on the branch pipe joint surface of the T-shaped pipe is adopted, and the motion trail of the branch pipe joint surface on the outer wall of the branch pipe can be calculated according to the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a main pipe and a branch pipe of the T-shaped pipe; the ultrasonic probe is controlled to detect along the track, so that the branch pipe binding face is always kept in an effective ultrasonic detection interval, the purpose of full coverage of the steel pipe interface binding face is achieved, the binding condition of the binding face can be accurately evaluated, the process is simple, the detection efficiency is higher, full coverage detection is guaranteed, and the conditions of missing detection and error detection of the defect part are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the propagation path of a primary wave of an ultrasonic beam at parallel interfaces in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the primary and secondary paths of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a wave surface diagram and a simplified diagram of a primary secondary wave of an ultrasonic beam inside a steel rail according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view of the T-tube of the present invention from an x-axis.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a T-shaped pipe branch portion according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a contour view of the abutting surface of the branch pipe in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the calculation results of the maximum width dis of the bonding surface, the effective section width D, and the distance D from the front edge of the probe to the section D in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a simulated path diagram of ultrasound waves in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a wave surface diagram of the ultrasonic beam inside the rail when the ultrasonic probe position is forward compared with the calculated position in the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a wave surface diagram of the ultrasonic beam inside the rail when the ultrasonic probe position is backward compared with the calculated position in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in order to calculate parameters uniformly, in the present invention, let coordinates of an incident point of an ultrasonic wave be a (x 0, x0, z 0), a primary wave intersection point be B (x 1, y1, z 1), and a secondary wave intersection point be C (x 2, y2, z 2); the outer diameter Rm and the inner diameter Rm of the main pipe; the outer diameter Rs and the inner diameter Rs of the branch pipe; the effective interval width D, the distance from the front edge of the probe to the effective interval D, and the ultrasonic incident angle alpha.
(1) And establishing a Cartesian three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system:
the T pipe is composed of a main pipe and a branch pipe, an included angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe is 90 degrees, and for simplifying mathematical calculation, when a coordinate system is established, a central line of the main pipe (namely a straight line where the circle center of the main pipe is located) is used as an x axis of a rectangular coordinate system, and a central line of the branch pipe (namely a straight line where the circle center of the branch pipe is located) is used as a y axis of the rectangular coordinate system.
(2) And solving the primary wave intersection point:
when the steel rail is subjected to flaw detection, the ultrasonic probe is positioned on the branch pipe, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic probe is attached to the branch pipe, and the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is parallel to the direction of the branch pipe. At this time, the ultrasonic wave can be seen to be transmitted on the parallel interface, and the solution of the primary wave intersection point on the parallel interface can be carried out by using the pythagorean theorem only by knowing the thickness L of the parallel surface and the incident angle alpha of the ultrasonic wave. FIG. 1 is an elevational view of primary propagation of a primary at a parallel interface. Where L is the wall thickness (Rs-Rs) and α is the ultrasonic incident angle. Using the pythagorean theorem one can calculate:
△y＝L*tanα；
△z＝L；
the primary intersection point B can be further solved:
x1＝x0；
y1＝y0-△y；
z1＝z0-△z；
(3) Solving a secondary wave intersection point:
specular reflections will occur when the ultrasound beam encounters different media. The coordinate C of the intersection point of the secondary waves of the ultrasonic waves can be solved in the parallel interface by using the principle of specular reflection, and fig. 2 is a front view of the paths of the primary waves and the secondary waves.
It can be calculated that:
△y＝L*tanα
△z＝0
further, the primary intersection point C can be solved:
x2＝x0；
y2＝y0–2*△y；
z2＝z0-△z；
(4) Solving a space linear equation of incident rays and reflected rays:
three points on the primary wave and the secondary wave straight lines are solved in the steps S2 and S3, that is, the space straight line equation can be written by using the three points a, B, and C:
the parameter equation of the straight line of the primary wave is as follows:
x＝(x2-x1)t+x1；
y＝(y2-y1)t+y1；
z＝(z2-z1)t+z1；
the parameter equation of the straight line of the secondary wave is as follows:
x＝(x3-x2)t+x2；
y＝(y3-y2)t+y2；
z＝(z3-z2)t+z2；
(5) Primary wave, secondary wave surface, effective interval width D of ultrasonic wave beam and distance D from probe front edge to interval D:
firstly, assuming that each ultrasonic beam is composed of n sound beams, the interval between the incident points of each sound beam is delta l, the difference between the incident angles of any two adjacent sound beams is beta, and calculating to obtain a function cluster of the ultrasonic beams through steps 2, 3 and 4. Fig. 3 (a) is a wave surface diagram of a primary secondary wave of the ultrasonic beam inside the rail. As can be seen from the figure, what we need to find is a region D in the figure, and when the region is located on the left side of D, a missed inspection region of the upper surface of the steel pipe is formed; when the area is positioned in the right area of the D, a missed inspection area of the lower surface of the steel pipe is formed. The region D is composed of a block of the intersection of the secondary wave of the minimum incident angle beam line and the intersection of the primary wave of the maximum incident angle. That is, the width of the region D is affected by the incident angle and the thickness of the branch pipe wall, then we derive the solution formula as shown in FIG. 3 (b), where L is the pipe wall thickness (i.e., rs-Rs).
Calculation of the width of the region D:
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
L2＝L*tanα2；
l＝(n-1)*△l；
D＝L2-L1-l；
the distance D from the probe front edge to the interval D is calculated as:
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
l＝(n-1)*△l；
d＝L1-l；
(6) And obtaining the change rule of the outer edge of the joint surface of the branch pipe:
the entire T-pipe is viewed from the side of the main pipe, and its structure is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the triangle constructed in fig. 4, as long as the outer diameter of the main pipe and the z value of the current position are known, the offset Δ m generated by the branch pipe joint surface affected by the pipe wall of the main pipe in the y-axis direction can be obtained:
(7) And setting the incident angle of the ultrasonic beam according to the maximum width of the bonding surface:
the range of the shooting angle to be satisfied can be deduced reversely by using the area D width calculation formula in step S5:
is represented by the formula:
D＝L2-L1-l；
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
L2＝L*tanα2；
the angle of incidence satisfying the condition can be solved.
(8) Rotation of the ultrasonic probe around the branch pipe by an angle theta:
since the branch pipe is established on the y-axis, when the probe is rotated on the branch pipe, the coordinate value (xt, yt, zt) of the position where the probe is located can be obtained from the coordinates (x 0, y0, z 0) of the start point of the rotation, the outer diameter Rs of the branch pipe, and the rotation angle θ:
xt＝x0+Rs*sinθ；
yt＝y0；
zt＝Rs*cosθ；
(9) Solving the maximum width (the projection width in the vertical direction of the branch pipe) of the binding surface:
when the mouth of the steel pipe is welded with the plane, the binding surface of the steel pipe is a circular plane; however, when the steel pipe and the steel pipe are connected (for example, T-shaped connection in this method), the abutting surface will be a curved surface. It only needs to let the probe place a certain position at the branch pipe under the planar condition to the binding face for the binding face falls into in the active area, lets the probe rotate a week around the branch pipe according to circular orbit, just can cover the binding face, but is similar to KTY connects the method and makes the binding face be a curved surface, and look inwards perpendicularly in different positions, all can have different projection width. In this case, therefore, when the bonding surface is covered, it is necessary to calculate the maximum width and set the incident angle so that the maximum width is equal to or smaller than the covering width of the effective region.
The maximum width of binding face can be through solving the difference that the binding face corresponds on branch pipe outer wall and the inner wall when rotatory same angle coordinate point y reachs, and required parameter is including being responsible for on external diameter, the branch pipe external diameter incident point coordinate and the internal diameter primary wave reflection point coordinate:
Δmax＝MAX(dY-dy)。
(10) And when the inner and outer diameter parameters of the main pipe and the branch pipes are fixed, the maximum width of the binding surface obtained in the step S9 is a fixed value, the width of the effective interval width D of the ultrasonic waves is adjusted by changing the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe, and full-coverage flaw detection can be realized as long as the effective interval width D is greater than the maximum width of the binding surface.
In the present invention, the model of the branch pipe portion of the T-shaped pipe is shown in fig. 5, wherein the black area is the abutting surface of the branch pipe. By introducing the STL model, the contour of the faying surface can be seen, and by applying the above algorithm of the present invention, rotating around the outer wall of the branch pipe every 5 ° from the topmost part (highest point of the z-axis) of the branch pipe and calculating points on the outer wall and the inner wall, it can be seen that the contour of the faying surface completely conforms, and the contour of the faying surface of the branch pipe is as shown in fig. 6. By inputting the parameters of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the main pipe, the parameters of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the branch pipe and the angle change parameters of the ultrasonic array, the maximum width dis of the laminating surface, the width D of the effective interval and the distance D from the front edge of the probe to the interval D can be calculated, and as a result, as shown in fig. 7, the maximum width dis of the laminating surface is 11.8472, the width D of the effective interval is 15.1470, and therefore, the width D of the effective interval is the maximum width of the laminating surface, and therefore, the flaw detection can fully cover the laminating surface. From the calculated data parameters, a simulation path of the ultrasonic wave can be drawn, as shown in fig. 8, and as can be seen from fig. 8, it is verified that the effective section D completely covers the entire bonding surface.
When the ultrasonic probe position is forward compared with the calculated position, the result is as shown in fig. 9; when the ultrasonic probe position is compared with the calculated position at a later time, as shown in fig. 10, it can be seen from the above that the S region marked in fig. 9 or 10 is not covered by the ultrasonic array regardless of whether the probe position is compared with the calculated position at a earlier time or at a later time, and thus a missing detection phenomenon occurs.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for a T-shaped pipe branch pipe binding surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a Cartesian three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system: the T pipe is composed of a main pipe and a branch pipe, the included angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe is 90 degrees, when a coordinate system is established, the central line of the main pipe is used as the x axis of a rectangular coordinate system, and the central line of the branch pipe is used as the y axis of the rectangular coordinate system;
s2, solving primary wave intersection points: during flaw detection, the ultrasonic probe is positioned on the branch pipe, the ultrasonic probe is attached to the branch pipe, the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is parallel to the direction of the branch pipe, and the coordinate of an incident point of ultrasonic waves is A; at this time, the ultrasonic wave is considered to be transmitted on the parallel interface, the solution of the primary wave intersection point on the parallel interface is realized, and the solution can be realized by utilizing the pythagorean theorem through the thickness L of the parallel surface and the incident angle alpha of the ultrasonic wave; solving a primary wave intersection point B;
s3, solving a secondary wave intersection point: when the ultrasonic beam meets different media, mirror reflection occurs, and a secondary wave intersection point coordinate C of the ultrasonic wave is solved in a parallel interface by using the mirror reflection principle;
s4, solving a space linear equation of the incident ray and the reflected ray: solving three points on the primary wave and the secondary wave straight lines in the steps S2 and S3, and writing a primary wave and secondary wave space linear equation by using the three points A, B and C;
s5, calculating the width D of an effective interval and the distance D from the front edge of the probe to the interval D according to the primary wave and the secondary wave surface of the ultrasonic wave beam;
s6, obtaining a change rule of the outer edge of the joint surface of the branch pipe: looking at the whole T-shaped pipe from the side surface of the main pipe, and solving the offset delta m generated by the influence of the pipe wall of the main pipe on the branch pipe binding surface in the y-axis direction according to the outer diameter of the main pipe and the z value of the current position;
s7, setting the incident angle of the ultrasonic beam according to the maximum width of the bonding surface: solving an incident angle satisfying the condition by using the width of the region D calculated in the step S5;
s8, rotating the ultrasonic probe around the branch pipe by an angle theta: the branch pipe is built on the y axis, and when the probe rotates on the branch pipe, the coordinate value of the position of the probe is obtained according to the coordinate A of the rotating starting point, the outer diameter Rs of the branch pipe and the rotating angle theta;
s9, solving the maximum width of the binding surface: when the steel pipe and the steel pipe in the T-shaped pipe are connected, the binding surface is a curved surface; when the binding surface is covered, calculating the maximum width to set an incident angle, so that the maximum width is less than or equal to the covering width of the effective area; the maximum width of the binding surface is obtained by solving the difference value of coordinate points y corresponding to the binding surfaces on the outer wall and the inner wall of the branch pipe when the branch pipe rotates by the same angle, and the required parameters comprise the outer diameter of the main pipe, the outer diameter of the branch pipe, coordinates of an incident point on the outer diameter of the branch pipe and coordinates of a primary wave reflection point on the inner diameter;
s10, when the inner and outer diameter parameters of the main pipe and the branch pipe are fixed, the maximum width of the binding surface obtained in the step S9 is a fixed value, and the width of the width D of the ultrasonic effective interval is adjusted by changing the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe; when flaw detection is carried out, full-coverage flaw detection can be realized as long as the width D of the effective interval is larger than the maximum width of the binding surface.
2. The ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the T-shaped pipe branch pipe joint surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the coordinates of an ultrasonic incidence point are set to be A (x 0, x0, z 0), the outer diameter of the main pipe Rm and the inner diameter of the main pipe Rm; the outer diameter Rs of the branch pipe and the inner diameter Rs of the branch pipe; the primary wave intersection points are B (x 1, y1, z 1), C (x 2, y2, z 2) and the ultrasonic wave incident angle alpha; the thickness of the branch pipe wall L = Rs-Rs; using the pythagorean theorem to calculate:
△y＝L*tanα；
△z＝L；
the coordinates of the primary intersection B (x 1, y1, z 1) are further solved:
x1＝x0；
y1＝y0-△y；
z1＝z0-△z。
3. the ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the T-shaped pipe branch pipe joint surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the following are calculated in a parallel interface by using a mirror reflection principle:
△y＝L*tanα；
△z＝0；
the coordinates of the secondary wave intersection C (x 2, y2, z 2) are further solved:
x2＝x0；
y2＝y0–2*△y；
z1＝z0-△z。
4. the ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the T-shaped pipe branch pipe joint surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S4, a spatial line equation is written by using the incidence point A, the primary wave intersection point B and the secondary wave intersection point C at three points:
the parameter equation of the straight line of the primary wave is as follows:
x＝(x2-x1)t+x1；
y＝(y2-y1)t+y1；
z＝(z2-z1)t+z1；
the parameter equation of the line where the secondary wave is located is as follows:
x＝(x3-x2)t+x2；
y＝(y3-y2)t+y2；
z＝(z3-z2)t+z2。
5. the ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the T-shaped pipe branch pipe joint surface according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S5, assuming that each ultrasonic beam is composed of n sound beams, the interval between the incident points of each sound beam is Δ l, the difference between the incident angles of any two adjacent sound beams is β, and a functional cluster of the ultrasonic beams is calculated through steps S2, S3 and S4; searching the width D of the effective interval according to the wave surface of the primary wave and the secondary wave of the ultrasonic beam in the steel rail, and forming a missed inspection area of the upper surface of the steel pipe when the area is positioned on the left side of the D; when the area is positioned in the right area of the D, a missed inspection area of the lower surface of the steel pipe can be formed; the region D is a region composed of a secondary wave intersection point of the minimum incident angle acoustic beam line and a primary wave intersection point of the maximum incident angle; the width of the region D is influenced by the incident angle and the thickness of the branch pipe wall, wherein the thickness L of the branch pipe wall is Rs-Rs, and the distance from the front edge of the probe to the effective interval is D;
setting the minimum incident angle of the ultrasonic array as alpha 1, and setting the distance from the incident point to the secondary wave reflection point at the minimum incident angle as L1; the maximum incident angle of the ultrasonic array is alpha 2, and the distance from an incident point to a primary wave reflection point at the maximum incident angle is L2;
then, the width of region D is calculated as follows:
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
L2＝L*tanα2；
l＝(n-1)*△l；
D＝L2-L1-l；
the distance D from the probe leading edge to the interval D is calculated as follows:
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
l＝(n-1)*△l；
d＝L1-l。
6. the ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the joint surface of the branch pipe of the T-shaped pipe according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, as the incident point rotates and moves on the outer wall of the branch pipe, the z value changes, and Δ m is the change rule of the offset along with the z value in the moving process; according to the external diameter Rs of the main pipe and the z value of the position of the current incident point, the offset delta m generated by the branch pipe binding surface influenced by the pipe wall of the main pipe in the y-axis direction is obtained:
7. the ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the T-shaped pipe branch pipe joint surface according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the width of the region D calculated in step S5 is used to reversely deduce a range which an incidence angle needs to satisfy:
D＝L2-L1-l；
L1＝2*L*tanα1；
L2＝L*tanα2；
the angle of incidence satisfying the condition is solved.
8. The ultrasonic full-coverage inspection method for the joint surface of the branch pipe of the T-type pipe according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, since the branch pipe is established on the y-axis, when the probe rotates on the branch pipe, the coordinate value (xt, yt, zt) of the position where the probe is located is obtained from the coordinates (x 0, y0, z 0) of the rotation start point, the outer diameter Rs of the branch pipe, and the rotation angle θ:
xt＝x0+Rs*sinθ；
yt＝y0；
zt＝Rs*cosθ。
9. the ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for the branch pipe joint surface of the T-shaped pipe according to claim 1, wherein in step S9, the maximum width of the joint surface is obtained by solving the difference between the coordinate points y corresponding to the joint surfaces on the outer wall and the inner wall of the branch pipe when the joint surface is rotated by the same angle, and the required parameters include the outer diameter of the main pipe, the outer diameter of the branch pipe, the coordinates of the incident point on the outer diameter of the branch pipe, and the coordinates of the primary wave reflection point on the inner diameter:
Δmax＝MAX(dY-dy)。
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| CN102288681A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 南昌航空大学 | Phased array ultrasonic beam covering method for TKY tubular joint welding seam |
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| CN110208384A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-06 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle |
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| CN102288681A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 南昌航空大学 | Phased array ultrasonic beam covering method for TKY tubular joint welding seam |
| CN104809293A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-29 | 深圳市神视检验有限公司 | Cross section simulation method and device of acoustic beam during transmission in intersecting line |
| CN108535357A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-09-14 | 汕头市超声检测科技有限公司 | A kind of defective locations computational methods for ultrasound detection weld defect |
| CN110208384A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-06 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle |
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