CN111982453A - Method for controlling extreme value wind pressure of large-span roof by utilizing turbulent flow of ventilation equipment - Google Patents

Method for controlling extreme value wind pressure of large-span roof by utilizing turbulent flow of ventilation equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111982453A
CN111982453A CN202010773835.6A CN202010773835A CN111982453A CN 111982453 A CN111982453 A CN 111982453A CN 202010773835 A CN202010773835 A CN 202010773835A CN 111982453 A CN111982453 A CN 111982453A
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wind
roof
pressure
ventilation equipment
extreme
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CN202010773835.6A
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张洪福
辛大波
刘婷婷
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Northeast Forestry University
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Northeast Forestry University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/02Wind tunnels
    • G01M9/04Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/06Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/08Aerodynamic models

Abstract

A method for controlling extreme value wind pressure of a large-span roof by utilizing turbulence of ventilation equipment relates to a roof wind pressure control method. Establishing the relation between the extreme value wind pressure and the far-end wind speed and wind direction by utilizing a wind tunnel test or a numerical simulation model, determining the worst wind deflection angle, and installing a wind speed and direction sensor around the long-span roof; obtaining extreme pressure of the long-span roof when the ventilation equipment is installed at different spanwise intervals l under the worst wind deflection angle through wind tunnel tests or numerical simulation, then searching for the spanwise interval l with the minimum extreme pressure, arranging the ventilation equipment at the top end of the windward side of the long-span roof close to a corner, and arranging a flat roof l ═ 0.63-0.84 lsThe normal direction of the rotating surface of the curved surface roof fan is parallel to the incoming flow wind direction; for the large span house cover with complex body type, the extreme value wind pressure is determined as an index according to the wind tunnel test or numerical simulationAnd the size and the air displacement of the fan of the ventilation equipment are controlled when exceeding the early warning value so as to reduce the extreme value air pressure.

Description

Method for controlling extreme value wind pressure of large-span roof by utilizing turbulent flow of ventilation equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to a roof wind pressure control method, in particular to a large-span roof extreme value wind pressure control method using turbulent flow of ventilation equipment, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering.
Background
Along with the development of building technology, the large-span structure is more and more widely applied, the number of the large-span roof structures is increased, and the wind sensitivity is increased gradually along with the larger and larger span. In addition, the continuous use of light and high-strength materials further enhances the wind-induced sensitivity of the large-span roof structure. The wind field around the roof structure is complicated due to the influence of various factors such as pulsation, separation, reattachment and vortex shedding of the airflow.
Under the action of incoming wind, the large-span roof structure is always subjected to large negative pressure, and extreme negative pressure can occur at certain special parts, so that local or overall suction is too large to cause structural damage. For example, in the parts with sudden changes of geometric shapes such as eaves, ridges, roof edges and corners, large-scale flow separation is often generated, which is caused by the fact that local adverse pressure gradient is increased due to the sudden changes of the geometric shapes, and extreme negative wind pressure of the roof is caused by large-scale unsteady separation of airflow, which is the most common reason for roof damage. Therefore, the inhibition of flow separation at the geometric mutation of the large-span roof, namely the connecting edge of the windward side and the roof, is always the key point for reducing the wind suction force.
At present, the wind resistance measures of the roof structure in the engineering field mainly comprise: the method comprises the steps of improving the structural shape of the roof, carrying out wind-resistant reinforcement treatment on the roof structure and additionally arranging a wind-resistant element on the basis of the original roof form. The traditional wind resisting methods improve the wind resisting performance of the roof by improving the structural form of the roof and further improving the flow field of the roof, and have the defects of passive adaptation, limited wind resisting effect, poor pertinence, high manufacturing cost and high maintenance cost. Therefore, an economical, practical and effective wind-resisting measure is needed to realize reasonable control of the extreme wind pressure of the long-span roof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-span roof extreme value wind pressure control method using the turbulence of ventilation equipment, which is based on the property of boundary layer flow separation, uses a downstream vortex generated by the ventilation equipment as a disturbance source, realizes the full exchange of upper and lower momentum in a separation boundary layer, weakens the large-scale flow separation at the edge of a large-span roof, thereby solving the problem of the roof wind pressure extreme value, reasonably using the ventilation equipment, and being economical and practical.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for controlling the extreme wind pressure of a large-span roof by utilizing turbulence of ventilation equipment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: considering the surrounding building influence and the maximum wind speed within a plurality of years aiming at the large-span roof structure, establishing a wind tunnel test or a numerical simulation model, extracting the extreme value wind pressure of the large-span roof under different wind speeds and wind directions, establishing the relation between the extreme value wind pressure and the far-end wind speed and wind direction, determining the worst wind deflection angle, installing a wind speed and direction sensor above the large-span roof, and monitoring the incoming flow wind speed and direction;
step two: obtaining extreme pressure of the large span roof when the ventilating device is installed at different spanwise intervals l under the worst wind deflection angle through wind tunnel test or numerical simulation, then searching the spanwise interval l with the minimum extreme pressure, and for the flat roof l ═ l (0.63-0.84) lsWherein l issThe dimension of the air flow bypassing the conical vortex or the spanwise vortex of the roof can be estimated according to the following formula: lsH is the height of the roof, St ranges from 0.1 to 0.15, s/D is less than 1.0, s is the distance from the axis of a fan of the ventilation equipment to the top surface of the roof, D is the diameter of an impeller of the ventilation equipment, the ventilation equipment is arranged at the top end of the windward side of the long-span roof close to a corner, for the curved-surface roof, the normal direction of the rotating surface of the fan of the ventilation equipment is parallel to the direction of incoming wind, and the fan is close to the roof;
step three: for the large-span roof with complex body types, determining the size and the air displacement of a fan of the ventilation equipment by taking the size of the extreme air pressure as an index according to a wind tunnel test or numerical simulation, selecting the diameter D of an impeller of the ventilation equipment according to a fan performance specification table, preferably 1/8 of the height of a flat roof on the premise of not contradicting the ventilation performance, obtaining the extreme pressure of the large-span roof with different air displacements through the wind tunnel test or the numerical simulation, then searching the air displacement with the minimum extreme pressure, determining the fan rotating speed of the ventilation equipment according to the air displacement, taking a wind speed and direction sensor as an early warning device, starting the ventilation equipment according to the relationship between the wind speed, the wind direction and the extreme air pressure established in the step one, controlling the fan rotating speed of the ventilation equipment to reduce the extreme air pressure when the wind speed and the wind direction exceed the early warning values, wherein the wind speed early, and the extreme value wind pressure early warning value is obtained through the designed bearing capacity limit state of the roof.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the characteristic of large-scale flow separation of the building roof, weakens the flow separation by using the ventilation equipment as a disturbance source, realizes the optimization effect on the extreme value wind pressure of the large-span roof, can be realized by only applying smaller airflow at a proper position in the bypass flow field optimization mode of the disturbed airflow, but has very obvious efficacy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention in an installed position;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the installation position of the ventilating device of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the early warning system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention discloses an extreme wind pressure control method for a large span roof using a ventilator to disturb flow, which is suitable for specific situations because the specific dimensions of the large span roof are different and the wind field characteristics under the action of the incoming flow are also different, but the control method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of establishing the relation between the extreme value wind pressure and the far-end wind speed and wind direction by utilizing a wind tunnel test or a numerical simulation model, and installing a wind speed and wind direction sensor around the long-span roof, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a) considering the influence of surrounding buildings and the maximum wind speed within a plurality of years, preferably 50 years, aiming at the large-span roof structure, establishing a wind tunnel test or a numerical simulation model, extracting the extreme value wind pressure of the large-span roof under different wind speeds and wind directions, establishing the relation between the extreme value wind pressure and the far-end wind speed and wind direction, and determining the worst wind deflection angle;
b) a wind speed and direction sensor is arranged at a position which is not less than 3 meters above the large span roof, and the wind speed and the wind direction of incoming current are monitored;
step two: according to the sensitive wind deflection angle of the long-span roof and the combination of the cross section size of the roof, the spanwise installation distance l of the ventilation equipment is selected, and the ventilation equipment is arranged at the large-scale separation position of the long-span roof, namely the position close to a corner at the top end of the windward side, and the specific steps are as shown in the reference of fig. 1-2:
a) obtaining extreme pressure of the large span roof when the ventilation equipment is installed at the positions of different spanwise intervals l under the worst wind deflection angle through wind tunnel test or numerical simulation by using the worst wind deflection angle obtained in the step one, directly measuring the pressure of the roof model by using the extreme pressure sensor to obtain the extreme pressure, searching the spanwise interval l with the minimum extreme pressure, and obtaining the flat roof l with a simple body type (0.63-0.84) lsWherein l issThe dimension of the air flow bypassing the conical vortex or the spanwise vortex of the roof can be estimated according to the following formula: lsH is the height of the roof, St ranges from 0.1 to 0.15, s/D is less than 1.0, s is the distance from the axis of a fan of the ventilation equipment to the top surface of the roof, and D is the diameter of an impeller of the ventilation equipment, and the value is kept as small as possible if the ventilation equipment is limited;
b) arranging ventilation equipment at the large-scale separation position of the large-span roof, namely the top end of the windward side close to a corner, wherein for the curved roof, the normal direction of a fan rotating surface of the ventilation equipment is parallel to the incoming flow wind direction, and the fan is close to the roof as much as possible;
step three: for the large span roof with complex body type, the size and the air displacement of the fan of the ventilation equipment are determined by taking the size of the extreme value air pressure as an index according to a wind tunnel test or numerical simulation, and the parameters of the ventilation equipment are as follows:
a) the diameter D of the impeller of the ventilation equipment is selected according to a performance specification table of the ventilator without limitation, and the impeller is preferably 1/8 with the height of the flat roof on the premise of not contradicting the ventilation performance;
b) obtaining extreme pressure of the large span roof through wind tunnel tests or numerical simulation when different air displacement is achieved, directly measuring the pressure of the roof model through a pressure measuring sensor to obtain the extreme pressure, then searching the air displacement with the minimum extreme pressure, determining the rotating speed of a fan of the ventilation equipment according to the air displacement, wherein the air displacement is in direct proportion to the rotating speed, and the proportionality coefficient can be provided by a manufacturer or obtained through tests;
c) and (2) taking a wind speed and direction sensor as an early warning device, according to the relation between the wind speed and the wind direction and the extreme value wind pressure established in the first step, starting the ventilation equipment when the wind speed and the wind direction exceed an early warning value, and controlling the fan rotating speed of the ventilation equipment to reduce the extreme value wind pressure (the relation between the rotating speed and the extreme value wind pressure is obtained in the previous step), wherein the wind speed early warning value can be obtained according to the wind speed and the extreme value wind pressure early warning value, and the extreme value wind pressure early warning value can be obtained through a bearing capacity limit state designed by a roof cover (the roof cover needs to be designed by a design unit before being built, and the bearing capacity limit state is a state which needs to be considered in the design process).
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

1. A method for controlling an extreme wind pressure of a large-span roof by utilizing turbulence of ventilation equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: considering the surrounding building influence and the maximum wind speed within a plurality of years aiming at the large-span roof structure, establishing a wind tunnel test or a numerical simulation model, extracting the extreme value wind pressure of the large-span roof under different wind speeds and wind directions, establishing the relation between the extreme value wind pressure and the far-end wind speed and wind direction, determining the worst wind deflection angle, installing a wind speed and direction sensor above the large-span roof, and monitoring the incoming flow wind speed and direction;
step two: obtaining extreme pressure of the large span roof when the ventilating device is installed at different spanwise intervals l under the worst wind deflection angle through wind tunnel test or numerical simulation, then searching the spanwise interval l with the minimum extreme pressure, and for the flat roof l ═ l (0.63-0.84) lsWherein l issThe dimension of the air flow bypassing the conical vortex or the spanwise vortex of the roof can be estimated according to the following formula: lsH is the height of the roof, St ranges from 0.1 to 0.15, s/D is less than 1.0, s is the distance from the axis of a fan of the ventilation equipment to the top surface of the roof, D is the diameter of an impeller of the ventilation equipment, the ventilation equipment is arranged at the top end of the windward side of the long-span roof close to a corner, for the curved-surface roof, the normal direction of the rotating surface of the fan of the ventilation equipment is parallel to the direction of incoming wind, and the fan is close to the roof;
step three: for the large-span roof with complex body types, determining the size and the air displacement of a fan of the ventilation equipment by taking the size of the extreme air pressure as an index according to a wind tunnel test or numerical simulation, selecting the diameter D of an impeller of the ventilation equipment according to a fan performance specification table, preferably 1/8 of the height of a flat roof on the premise of not contradicting the ventilation performance, obtaining the extreme pressure of the large-span roof with different air displacements through the wind tunnel test or the numerical simulation, then searching the air displacement with the minimum extreme pressure, determining the fan rotating speed of the ventilation equipment according to the air displacement, taking a wind speed and direction sensor as an early warning device, starting the ventilation equipment according to the relationship between the wind speed, the wind direction and the extreme air pressure established in the step one, controlling the fan rotating speed of the ventilation equipment to reduce the extreme air pressure when the wind speed and the wind direction exceed the early warning values, wherein the wind speed early, and the extreme value wind pressure early warning value is obtained through the designed bearing capacity limit state of the roof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, a wind tunnel test or a numerical simulation model is established for the maximum wind speed within a plurality of years, preferably 50 years.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the first step, a wind speed and direction sensor is arranged above the large span roof, and the installation position is not less than 3 m.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the extreme pressure in the second step and the extreme pressure in the third step are obtained by directly measuring the pressure of the roof model through the pressure measuring sensor.
CN202010773835.6A 2020-08-04 2020-08-04 Method for controlling extreme value wind pressure of large-span roof by utilizing turbulent flow of ventilation equipment Pending CN111982453A (en)

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CN113123927A (en) * 2021-04-20 2021-07-16 东北林业大学 Method for reducing wind suction of factory building roof by using vertical axis wind turbine

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Application publication date: 20201124