CN111982435B - Transverse rigidity testing device and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Transverse rigidity testing device and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982435B CN111982435B CN202010998741.9A CN202010998741A CN111982435B CN 111982435 B CN111982435 B CN 111982435B CN 202010998741 A CN202010998741 A CN 202010998741A CN 111982435 B CN111982435 B CN 111982435B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
Abstract
The application provides a transverse rigidity testing device and a testing method thereof, wherein the device comprises: the fixing plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole at intervals; the loading plate is arranged opposite to the fixing plate, and is provided with a third through hole opposite to the first through hole and a fourth through hole opposite to the second through hole at intervals; the first end of the fixing plate is connected with the first end of the loading plate through a first bolt assembly which is arranged in the first through hole and the third through hole in a penetrating manner, the second end of the fixing plate is connected with the second end of the loading plate through a second bolt assembly which is arranged in the second through hole and the fourth through hole in a penetrating manner so as to form a clamping space between the fixing plate and the loading plate, and the elastic base plate to be tested is arranged in the clamping space and is respectively attached to the fixing plate and the loading plate; the distance between the first end of the fixing plate and the first end of the loading plate is smaller than the distance between the second end of the fixing plate and the second end of the loading plate, so that the included angle between the loading plate and the fixing plate is a preset angle.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rail equipment testing, in particular to a transverse rigidity testing device and a testing method thereof.
Background
Under the action of actual train unbalance loading, a steel rail is inevitably caused to generate a deflection motion state, the elastic base plate is in a non-uniform pressure state at the moment, but the influence of the non-uniform pressure state of the elastic base plate on the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate is not considered when the elastic base plate is tested in the prior art, so that the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate in a real service state cannot be obtained, and the problem of inaccurate transverse rigidity test of the elastic base plate exists.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a lateral stiffness testing apparatus and a testing method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the lateral stiffness of an elastic cushion plate in a real service state cannot be obtained without considering the influence of an uneven bias state of the elastic cushion plate on the lateral stiffness of the elastic cushion plate when the elastic cushion plate is tested in the prior art, and further the lateral stiffness testing on the elastic cushion plate is inaccurate.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lateral stiffness testing apparatus, configured to test a lateral stiffness of an elastic pad to be tested under the driving of an external testing machine, where the lateral stiffness testing apparatus includes: the fixing plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole at intervals; the loading plate is arranged opposite to the fixing plate, and is provided with a third through hole opposite to the first through hole and a fourth through hole opposite to the second through hole at intervals; the first end of the fixing plate is connected with the first end of the loading plate through a first bolt assembly which is arranged in the first through hole and the third through hole in a penetrating manner, the second end of the fixing plate is connected with the second end of the loading plate through a second bolt assembly which is arranged in the second through hole and the fourth through hole in a penetrating manner so as to form a clamping space between the fixing plate and the loading plate, and the to-be-tested elastic cushion plate is arranged in the clamping space and is respectively attached to the fixing plate and the loading plate; the distance between the first end of the fixing plate and the first end of the loading plate is smaller than the distance between the second end of the fixing plate and the second end of the loading plate, so that the included angle between the loading plate and the fixing plate is a preset angle.
In the transverse rigidity testing device designed above, the fixing plate is fixed during testing, the external testing machine drives the loading plate to perform loading movement, and the loading plate and the fixing plate form a preset angle which is calculated according to the non-uniform extrusion acting force of the elastic base plate under the real service condition, so that the loading plate can generate the non-uniform extrusion acting force under the real service condition on the elastic base plate to be tested in the clamping space between the loading plate and the fixing plate during loading movement, further the real stress condition is applied to the elastic base plate to be tested when the loading plate is matched with the external testing machine, the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate to be tested is more accurate, and the influence of the non-uniform bias state of the elastic base plate on the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate is not considered during testing the elastic base plate in the prior art, the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate in a real service state cannot be obtained, so that the problem of inaccurate transverse rigidity test of the elastic base plate exists, the transverse rigidity test accuracy of the elastic base plate is improved, and the reliability of the elastic base plate in service of a railway is improved.
In an optional embodiment of the first aspect, the lateral stiffness testing device further comprises a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the first connecting plate is connected to the first end of the fixing plate, the second end of the loading plate is connected to the second connecting plate, and the fixing plate and the loading plate are located between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate.
In an alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the first and second connection plates are opposed and parallel to each other.
In an optional embodiment of the first aspect, the second connecting plate is provided with a plurality of connecting holes for connecting the second connecting plate with an external testing machine through the connecting holes.
In an alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the first bolt assembly includes a first bolt and a first nut, the second bolt assembly includes a second bolt and a second nut, a diameter of the bolt in the first bolt is smaller than diameters of the first through hole and the third through hole, a diameter of the first nut is larger than diameters of the first through hole and the third through hole, a diameter of the bolt in the second bolt is smaller than diameters of the second through hole and the fourth through hole, and a diameter of the second nut is larger than diameters of the second through hole and the fourth through hole.
In an optional implementation manner of the first aspect, the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole are all elliptical through holes, a diameter of a screw in the first bolt is smaller than an imaginary axial length of the first through hole and the third through hole, and a diameter of the first nut is larger than an imaginary axial length of the first through hole and the third through hole; the diameter of the screw in the second bolt is smaller than the virtual axis length of the second through hole and the fourth through hole, and the diameter of the second nut is larger than the virtual axis length of the second through hole and the fourth through hole.
According to the embodiment of the design, the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the screw, so that the loading plate has enough space and certain limitation during movement, and the movement of the loading plate is more reliable.
In an optional implementation manner of the first aspect, a fifth through hole and a sixth through hole are further disposed on the fixing plate, the fifth through hole and the first through hole are located on the same horizontal plane and spaced from the first through hole by a preset distance, and the sixth through hole and the second through hole are located on the same horizontal plane and spaced from the second through hole by a preset distance; the loading plate is also provided with a seventh through hole opposite to the fifth through hole and an eighth through hole opposite to the sixth through hole; the first end of the fixing plate and the first end of the loading plate are further connected through a third bolt assembly arranged in the fifth through hole and the seventh through hole in a penetrating manner, and the second end of the fixing plate and the second end of the loading plate are further connected through a fourth bolt assembly arranged in the sixth through hole and the eighth through hole in a penetrating manner.
According to the embodiment of the design, the fixing plate and the loading plate are fixed through the four groups of corresponding through holes and the four groups of bolts, so that the fixing effect is firmer.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing lateral stiffness, where the device for testing lateral stiffness according to any one of the foregoing embodiments is applied to perform a lateral stiffness test on an elastic pad to be tested, where the elastic pad to be tested is disposed in the clamping space and is subjected to a non-uniform pressing force of the loading plate and the fixing plate, and the method includes: controlling the external testing machine to drive a loading plate in the transverse rigidity testing device to load by adopting a preset loading rate and a preset loading range so as to generate uniform acting force perpendicular to the direction of extrusion acting force on the elastic base plate to be tested when the loading plate performs loading motion, wherein the preset loading range comprises a preset maximum load value and a preset minimum load value; acquiring load displacement data acquired by an external testing machine in a loading motion process, wherein the load displacement data comprises displacement data in each load value direction; determining displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value according to the load displacement data; and calculating the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate to be tested according to the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value.
In the designed transverse rigidity testing method, the transverse rigidity testing device is applied to form the condition of non-uniform pressure on the elastic cushion plate to be tested under the real condition based on the non-uniform extrusion acting force of the elastic cushion plate to be tested and the acting force in the direction vertical to the extrusion acting force applied to the elastic cushion plate to be tested when the loading plate is driven by the external testing machine to load, so that the transverse rigidity of the elastic cushion plate to be tested obtained by testing is more accurate, the problem that the transverse rigidity testing of the elastic cushion plate is inaccurate because the influence of the non-uniform bias state of the elastic cushion plate on the transverse rigidity of the elastic cushion plate is not considered when the elastic cushion plate is tested in the prior art and the transverse rigidity of the elastic cushion plate under the real service state cannot be obtained is solved, and the transverse rigidity testing accuracy of the elastic cushion plate is improved, thereby improving the reliability of the elastic tie plate for railway service.
In an optional implementation manner of the second aspect, before the controlling the external testing machine to drive the loading plate in the lateral stiffness testing device to load with a preset loading rate and loading range, the method further includes: and controlling the external testing machine to drive a loading plate in the transverse rigidity testing device to perform preloading, wherein a second maximum load value of the preloading is greater than the maximum load value.
In an optional embodiment of the second aspect, the calculating the transverse stiffness of the elastic pad to be tested according to the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value includes: calculating a first difference value between the maximum load value and the minimum load value and a second difference value between the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value; and dividing the first difference value by the second difference value to obtain the transverse rigidity of the elastic cushion plate to be tested.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a side structure diagram of a lateral stiffness testing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the loading plate direction of the lateral stiffness testing device provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an orientation of a fixing plate of the lateral stiffness testing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a force diagram of a steel rail provided by an embodiment of the present application in an actual service state;
fig. 5 is a specific structural diagram of a fixing plate direction of the transverse rigidity testing device according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a side specific structure diagram of a lateral stiffness testing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a specific structural diagram of a loading plate direction of a lateral stiffness testing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a first flowchart of a method for testing lateral stiffness provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a second flowchart of a method for testing lateral stiffness provided by embodiments of the present application;
fig. 10 is a third flowchart of a lateral stiffness testing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 10-fixing the plate; 101-a first via; 102-a second via; 103-a first buckle; 104-a fifth via; 105-a sixth via; 20-a loading plate; 201-a third via; 202-a fourth via; 203-a second buckle; 204-a seventh via; 205-eighth via; 30-a first bolt assembly; 301-a first bolt; 302-a first nut; 40-a second bolt assembly; 401-a second bolt; 402-a second nut; 50-a clamping space; 60-a first connection plate; 601-a fixation hole; 602-a first groove; 70-a second connecting plate; 701-a connection hole; 702-a second groove; 80-a third bolt assembly; 90-a fourth bolt assembly; a-an elastic backing plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
First embodiment
The embodiment of the application provides a transverse rigidity testing device, which is used for testing the transverse rigidity of an elastic base plate in a train steel rail fastener, as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the lateral rigidity testing device comprises a fixed plate 10 and a loading plate 20, wherein the loading plate 20 and the fixed plate 10 are oppositely arranged, the fixing plate 10 is provided with a first through hole 101 and a second through hole 102 at intervals, the loading plate 20 is also provided with a third through hole 201 and a fourth through hole 202 at intervals, the first through-hole 101 is opposed to the third through-hole 201, the second through-hole 102 is opposed to the fourth through-hole 202, the first through-hole 101 is disposed near a first end of the fixed plate 10, the second through-hole 102 is disposed near a second end of the fixed plate 10, the third through hole 201 is disposed near the first end of the loading plate 20, and the fourth through hole 202 is disposed near the second end of the loading plate 20. When fixing, the loading plate 20 and the fixing plate 10 are opposed to each other and the first through hole 101 and the third through hole 201 are aligned, the second through hole 102 and the fourth through hole 202 are aligned, and then the first ends of the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 are coupled by the first bolt assemblies 30 inserted into the first through hole 101 and the third through hole 201, the second ends of the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 are coupled by the second bolt assemblies 40 inserted into the second through hole 102 and the fourth through hole 202, and the first bolt assemblies 30 do not couple the first ends of the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 to be in a mutually coupled state but are spaced apart by a certain distance when coupling the first ends of the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20, and the second bolt assemblies 40 do not couple the second ends of the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 to be in a mutually coupled state but also maintain a certain distance when coupling the second ends of the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20, and the distance maintained between the second ends of the fixed plate 10 and the loading plate 20 may be greater than the distance maintained between the first ends of the fixed plate 10 and the loading plate 20, which may allow a certain angle θ to be formed between the loading plate 20 and the fixed plate 10; and the distance between the first end of the fixing plate 10 and the first end of the loading plate 20 can be adjusted by the first bolt assembly 30, and the distance between the second end of the fixing plate 10 and the second end of the loading plate 20 can be adjusted by the second bolt assembly 40, so that the included angle between the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 is ensured to be a preset angle theta, and the preset angle can be obtained by calculating the stress angle of the simulated elastic cushion plate under the real load condition in advance.
After the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 are coupled by the first bolt assemblies 30 and the second bolt assemblies 40, respectively, in the above-described manner, a clamping space 50 is formed between the fixing plate 10, the loading plate 20 and the bolt assemblies, the elastic pad a to be tested is disposed in the clamping space 50 and the elastic pad a to be tested is respectively attached to the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20, so that the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 have a force pressing the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 toward the middle thereof.
Specifically, the preset angle θ is calculated as follows:
under real conditions, the non-uniform stress of the elastic pad comes from the deflection of the rail, and the load applied to the rail is mainly composed of three partsThe method comprises the following steps: vertical load and horizontal load of wheel rail, the withholding force of bullet strip and the supporting counter-force that the elastic backing plate provided. The steel rail is taken as a research object, the stress of the steel rail is shown as figure 4, wherein la、lbThe widths of the rail head and the rail bottom of the steel rail respectively, and h is the height of the steel rail; r, H is vertical and transverse wheel-track force; alpha is a rail bottom slope angle; t is1The buckling force acting on the steel rail for a single elastic strip; q. q.sa、qbThe maximum and minimum value of the supporting counter force of the elastic base plate to the steel rail is obtained, wherein the supporting counter force of the elastic base plate to the steel rail and the vertical displacement y of the elastic base plate meet the following requirements:
q＝ky；
wherein k represents the vertical stiffness of the elastic backing plate;
meanwhile, a calculation formula of the deflection angle of the steel rail is satisfied:
wherein, deltah represents the height difference of two ends of the rail bottom of the steel rail;
since the rigidity of the rail is much greater than that of the elastic pad, the deformation of the rail is negligible and is considered as a rigid body. Computing q from the principle of force balancea、qbAnd substituting the actual deflection angle theta of the steel rail into the deflection angle calculation formula of the steel rail to obtain that the actual deflection angle theta of the steel rail meets the following requirements:
the actual deflection angle θ of the steel rail obtained by the above formula is the included angle between the fixed plate 10 and the loading plate 20.
In the transverse rigidity testing device with the structure, when the transverse rigidity testing device is applied, an external testing machine can drive the loading plate 20 to perform loading motion, and then the fixing plate 10 is fixed, specifically, the loading plate 20 is driven to perform loading motion by the external testing machine with a preset loading rate and a preset loading range, at this time, the loading plate 20 can move under the drive of the external testing machine, as the elastic base plate a to be tested is arranged in the clamping space 50 and a preset angle is formed between the loading plate 20 and the fixing plate 10, the loading plate 20 and the fixing plate 10 can generate non-uniform extrusion acting force to the elastic base plate a, the non-uniform extrusion acting force is acting force in the vertical direction in fig. 1, meanwhile, when the external testing machine drives the loading plate 20 to move, the uniform acting force perpendicular to the extrusion acting force is acting force in the horizontal direction in fig. 1, therefore, the acting force in the vertical direction and the acting force in the horizontal direction form the non-uniform pressure on the elastic base plate A to be tested, meanwhile, the preset angle is calculated according to the actual service condition of the elastic base plate A to be tested, and the loading load range and the loading rate are preset according to the stress condition in the actual condition.
The transverse rigidity testing device designed above fixes the fixed plate during testing, the external testing machine drives the loading plate to perform loading movement, and the loading plate and the fixed plate form a preset angle which is calculated according to the non-uniform extrusion acting force of the elastic base plate under the real service condition, so that the loading plate can generate the non-uniform extrusion acting force under the real service condition on the elastic base plate to be tested in the clamping space between the loading plate and the fixed plate during loading movement, further the real stress condition is applied to the elastic base plate to be tested when the loading plate is matched with the external testing machine, the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate to be tested is more accurate, and the influence of the non-uniform bias state of the elastic base plate on the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate is not considered during testing the elastic base plate in the prior art, the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate in a real service state cannot be obtained, so that the problem of inaccurate transverse rigidity test of the elastic base plate exists, the transverse rigidity test accuracy of the elastic base plate is improved, and the reliability of the elastic base plate in service of a railway is improved.
In an alternative embodiment of this embodiment, it has been described above that the external testing machine can drive the loading plate 20 to perform loading movement, in such a case, the loading plate 20 designed in this embodiment may be configured as a loading plate with a certain width, and a structure connectable to the external testing machine is provided at the second end of the loading plate 20 to achieve connection between the external testing machine and the loading plate 20, so as to achieve an effect that the external testing machine can drive the loading plate 20 to perform loading movement, and in addition, the fixing plate 10 needs to be fixed during testing, so a fixing structure may be similarly provided on the fixing plate 10, and further, during testing, fixing may be performed alone or may be combined with other external components to fix the fixing plate 10, so that the fixing plate 10 remains stationary.
In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, in addition to the aforementioned manner for allowing the external testing machine to carry the loading movement of the loading plate 20 and the fixing of the fixing plate 10, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the lateral rigidity testing apparatus may further include a first connecting plate 60 and a second connecting plate 70, the first connecting plate 60 is connected to the first end of the fixing plate 10, the second connecting plate 70 is connected to the second end of the loading plate 20, and, as shown in the drawing, the first connecting plate 60 is not connected to the first end of the fixing plate 10 when it is connected to the first end of the loading plate 20 and the upper surface of the first connecting plate 60 may be spaced apart from the first end of the loading plate 20, and the second connecting plate 70 is not connected to the second end of the fixing plate 10 and the second connecting plate 70 may be spaced apart from the second end of the fixing plate 10 when it is connected to the second end of the loading plate 20, the lower surface of the first connecting plate 60 is provided with a plurality of fixing holes 601, the upper surface of the second connecting plate 70 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 701, and as the fixing plate 10 is connected with the first connecting plate 60, the fixing plate 10 is fixed after the first connecting plate 60 is fixed through the plurality of fixing holes 601; since the loading plate 20 is connected to the second connecting plate 70, the second connecting plate 70 can be connected to an external testing machine through the connecting hole 701, so that the external testing machine drives the second connecting plate 70 to move and also drives the loading plate 20 to move during loading.
In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, the specific connection manner of the fixing plate 10 and the first connection plate 60 may be: a plurality of first grooves 602 are formed on a connection surface of the first connection plate 60 and the first end of the fixing plate 10, a first buckle 103 corresponding to each first groove 602 is arranged on the first end of the fixing plate 10, and the first end of the fixing plate 10 can be clamped in the corresponding first groove 602 through each first buckle 103 to realize connection of the first connection plate 60 and the fixing plate 10; likewise, the connection mode of the loading plate 20 and the second connecting plate 70 may specifically be: a plurality of second grooves 702 are also formed on the connecting surface of the second connecting plate 70 and the second end of the loading plate 20, a second buckle 203 corresponding to each second groove 702 is arranged on the second end of the loading plate 20, and the second end of the loading plate 20 can be clamped in the corresponding second groove 702 through each second buckle 203 to realize the connection between the second connecting plate 70 and the loading plate 20.
In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, the first and second connecting plates 60 and 70 may be opposite and parallel to each other as shown in the drawings, and the lengths of the first and second connecting plates 60 and 70 may be adaptively set such that both the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 are located therebetween.
In an alternative embodiment of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first bolt assembly 30 includes a first bolt 301 and a first nut 302, the second bolt assembly 40 includes a second bolt 401 and a second nut 402, the diameter of the screw of the first bolt 301 is smaller than the diameter of the first through hole 101 and the third through hole 201, the diameter of the screw of the second bolt 401 is smaller than the diameter of the second through hole 102 and the fourth through hole 202, and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the screw, so that the loading plate 20 has a sufficient moving range to apply force to the elastic pad to be tested in the clamping space; meanwhile, the diameter of the first nut 302 is larger than that of the first through hole 101 and the third through hole 201, and the diameter of the second nut 402 is larger than that of the second through hole 102 and the fourth through hole 202, so that the screw can be effectively fixed.
In an alternative embodiment of this embodiment, based on the foregoing, the first through hole 101, the second through hole 102, the third through hole 201, and the fourth through hole 202 are all oval through holes, the oval through holes include a real axis (major axis) and an imaginary axis (minor axis), and the real axis direction of each oval through hole is consistent with the motion direction of the loading plate, such as the vertical direction in the drawing, so as to enable the loading plate to move, and on this basis, the diameter of the screw of the first bolt 301 should be smaller than the length of the imaginary axis of the first through hole 101 and the third through hole 201, and the diameter of the screw of the second bolt 401 should be smaller than the length of the imaginary axis of the second through hole 102 and the fourth through hole 202.
In an alternative embodiment of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and 7, the fixing plate 10 is further provided with a fifth through hole 104 and a sixth through hole 105, the fifth through hole 104 and the first through hole 101 are in the same horizontal plane and spaced from the first through hole 101 by a certain distance, the sixth through hole 105 and the second through hole 102 are in the same horizontal plane and spaced from the second through hole 102 by a certain distance, thus, four through holes are formed in the fixed plate 10 and are distributed in a rectangular shape, and likewise, a seventh through hole 204 and an eighth through hole 205 are formed in the loading plate 20, the seventh through hole 204 is opposite to the fifth through hole 104, the eighth through hole 205 is opposite to the sixth through hole 105, in this way, the first end of the fixing plate 10 and the first end of the loading plate 20 are not only connected by the first bolt assembly 30 penetrating the first through hole 101 and the third through hole 201, but also connected by the third bolt assembly 80 penetrating the fifth through hole 104 and the seventh through hole 204; the second end of the fixing plate 10 and the second end of the loading plate 20 are not only connected by the second bolt assemblies 40 penetrating the second through holes 102 and the fourth through holes 202, but also connected by the fourth bolt assemblies 90 penetrating the sixth through holes 105 and the eighth through holes 205, which makes the connection between the fixing plate 10 and the loading plate 20 more stable.
Second embodiment
The application provides a transverse rigidity testing method, which specifically adopts a transverse rigidity testing device designed in a first embodiment to test the transverse rigidity of an elastic cushion plate to be tested, and can be applied to equipment such as a server, and the method specifically comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 8:
step S200: and controlling an external testing machine to drive a loading plate in the transverse rigidity testing device to load by adopting a preset loading rate and a preset loading range.
Step S202: and acquiring load displacement data acquired by an external testing machine in the loading motion process, wherein the load displacement data comprises displacement data in each load value direction.
Step S204: and determining displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value according to the load displacement data.
Step S206: and calculating the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate to be tested according to the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value.
Before step S200, the elastic pad a to be tested may be placed in a clamping space of the transverse rigidity testing device, and then the transverse rigidity testing device is installed, and during installation, the torque that needs to be applied by each bolt is calculated according to the set vertical load of the elastic pad, i.e., the aforementioned R, so that the bolt drives the loading plate and the fixing plate to apply the non-uniform extrusion acting force under the real condition to the elastic pad a to be tested, wherein the process of calculating the torque required by each bolt through the vertical load of the elastic pad, i.e., the aforementioned R, is specifically as follows:
wherein: m is bolt torque, N.m; p is the load shared by the vertical load R to each bolt, and if the number of bolts is n, P is R/n, kN; d2Is the pitch diameter of the thread, mm; beta is a thread half angle; t is the pitch, mm; f' is the friction coefficient between the screw pairs; f is the friction coefficient between the nut and the bearing surface of the connected piece; r1The outer radius of the bearing surface of the nut is mm; and r is the inner radius of the bearing surface of the nut and is mm.
After the torque applied by each bolt is obtained, each bolt can be fastened through a bolt torque machine according to the applied torque, so that the elastic base plate A to be tested is subjected to the non-uniform extrusion acting force under the actual condition of the action of the loading plate and the fixing plate, and the installation of the transverse rigidity testing device is further completed.
After the installation is completed, the testing machine is connected with the loading plate or the second connecting plate, and then step S200 is executed to control the external testing machine to drive the loading plate in the transverse stiffness testing device to load by adopting a preset loading rate and a preset loading range, so as to apply an acting force perpendicular to the non-uniform extrusion acting force to the elastic pad plate to be tested in the clamping space through the loading plate, thereby forming a stress condition of the elastic pad plate to be tested under a real condition, wherein the loading range represents a load value interval in the loading process, and includes a maximum load value and a minimum load value in the loading process, for example, the loading range is [10kN, 20kN ]; the loading rate represents a loading value that increases or decreases every predetermined time interval, for example, a loading value that increases by 1kN every one second interval, and both the above-mentioned loading rate and the loading range can be set by controlling the testing machine, and step S202 is executed based on this.
In step S202, load displacement data acquired by the external testing machine in the loading process is acquired, where the displacement data includes displacement data in each load value direction, specifically, the external testing machine has a displacement sensor capable of acquiring related load displacement data, and step S204 is executed after the displacement data in each load value direction is acquired.
In step S204, the displacement data in each load value direction includes displacement data in the maximum load value direction and displacement data in the minimum load value direction, and then step S206 is executed to calculate the transverse stiffness of the elastic pad to be tested according to the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the maximum load value direction and the displacement data in the minimum load value direction.
In the designed transverse rigidity testing method, the transverse rigidity testing device is applied to apply uniform acting force vertical to the direction of the extrusion acting force to the elastic cushion plate to be tested to form the non-uniform pressure applied to the elastic cushion plate to be tested under the real condition based on the non-uniform extrusion acting force of the elastic cushion plate to be tested and the loading plate is driven by an external testing machine to load, thereby ensuring that the transverse rigidity of the elastic backing plate to be tested is more accurate, solving the problems that the transverse rigidity of the elastic backing plate in a real service state can not be obtained without considering the influence of the non-uniform bias state of the elastic backing plate on the transverse rigidity of the elastic backing plate when the elastic backing plate is tested in the prior art, and further, the problem that the transverse rigidity test of the elastic base plate is inaccurate exists, the transverse rigidity test accuracy of the elastic base plate is improved, and the reliability of the elastic base plate in service of the railway is further improved.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, before the step S200 controls the external testing machine to drive the loading plate in the lateral stiffness testing device to perform loading at the preset loading rate and loading range, as shown in fig. 9, the method further includes: step S199: and controlling an external testing machine to drive a loading plate in the transverse rigidity testing device to perform preloading, wherein the second maximum load value of the preloading is greater than the maximum load value.
In the above embodiment, the preloading is performed not less than twice before the formal loading, and the maximum value of the preloading load should be greater than the maximum load preset value during the formal loading, for example, greater than 10kN during the formal loading, so as to eliminate the Mullins effect existing in the polymer material such as the elastic cushion plate.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, in step S206, the lateral stiffness of the elastic pad to be tested is calculated according to the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value, and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value, as shown in fig. 10, specifically, the following steps may be performed:
step S2060: and calculating a first difference value between the maximum load value and the minimum load value and a second difference value between the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value.
Step S2062: and dividing the first difference value by the second difference value to obtain the transverse rigidity of the elastic cushion plate to be tested.
The steps S2060 to S2062 may specifically calculate the transverse stiffness of the elastic pad to be tested according to the following formula:
wherein, F2、F1The maximum and minimum load values in the loading range; delta2、δ1Is F2、F1Displacement in the corresponding direction; k is a radical ofHorizontal barThe transverse stiffness of the resilient pad to be tested is identified.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
Furthermore, the functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
It should be noted that the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a transverse rigidity testing arrangement for the transverse rigidity of the elastic backing plate that awaits measuring tests under the drive of external testing machine, its characterized in that includes:
the fixing plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole at intervals;
the loading plate is arranged opposite to the fixing plate, and is provided with a third through hole opposite to the first through hole and a fourth through hole opposite to the second through hole at intervals;
the first end of the fixing plate is connected with the first end of the loading plate through a first bolt assembly which is arranged in the first through hole and the third through hole in a penetrating manner, the second end of the fixing plate is connected with the second end of the loading plate through a second bolt assembly which is arranged in the second through hole and the fourth through hole in a penetrating manner so as to form a clamping space between the fixing plate and the loading plate, and the to-be-tested elastic cushion plate is arranged in the clamping space and is respectively attached to the fixing plate and the loading plate;
the distance between the first end of the fixing plate and the first end of the loading plate is smaller than the distance between the second end of the fixing plate and the second end of the loading plate, so that the included angle between the loading plate and the fixing plate is a preset angle;
first bolt assembly includes first bolt and first nut, second bolt assembly includes second bolt and second nut, the diameter of screw is less than in the first bolt the diameter of first through-hole and third through-hole, the diameter of first nut is greater than the diameter of first through-hole and third through-hole, the diameter of screw is less than in the second bolt the diameter of second through-hole and fourth through-hole, the diameter of second nut is greater than the diameter of second through-hole and fourth through-hole.
2. The lateral stiffness test device of claim 1, further comprising a first connection plate and a second connection plate, the first connection plate being connected to the first end of the fixed plate, the second end of the loading plate being connected to the second connection plate, the fixed plate and the loading plate being positioned between the first connection plate and the second connection plate.
3. The lateral stiffness test device of claim 2, wherein the first and second connection plates are opposite and parallel to each other.
4. The lateral rigidity testing device of claim 2, wherein the second connecting plate is provided with a plurality of connecting holes for connecting the second connecting plate with an external testing machine through the connecting holes.
5. The transverse rigidity testing device according to claim 1, wherein the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole are all oval-shaped through holes, the diameter of the screw in the first bolt is smaller than the virtual axial length of the first through hole and the third through hole, and the diameter of the first nut is larger than the virtual axial length of the first through hole and the third through hole; the diameter of the screw in the second bolt is smaller than the virtual axis length of the second through hole and the fourth through hole, and the diameter of the second nut is larger than the virtual axis length of the second through hole and the fourth through hole.
6. The transverse rigidity testing device according to claim 1, wherein a fifth through hole and a sixth through hole are further arranged on the fixing plate, the fifth through hole and the first through hole are located on the same horizontal plane and spaced from the first through hole by a preset distance, and the sixth through hole and the second through hole are located on the same horizontal plane and spaced from the second through hole by a preset distance;
the loading plate is also provided with a seventh through hole opposite to the fifth through hole and an eighth through hole opposite to the sixth through hole;
the first end of the fixing plate and the first end of the loading plate are further connected through a third bolt assembly arranged in the fifth through hole and the seventh through hole in a penetrating manner, and the second end of the fixing plate and the second end of the loading plate are further connected through a fourth bolt assembly arranged in the sixth through hole and the eighth through hole in a penetrating manner.
7. A test method, wherein the transverse rigidity test device of any one of claims 1 to 6 is applied to perform a transverse rigidity test on the elastic pad to be tested, which is disposed in the clamping space to receive a non-uniform pressing force of the loading plate and the fixing plate, the method comprising:
controlling the external testing machine to drive a loading plate in the transverse rigidity testing device to load by adopting a preset loading rate and a preset loading range so as to generate uniform acting force perpendicular to the direction of extrusion acting force on the elastic base plate to be tested when the loading plate performs loading motion, wherein the preset loading range comprises a preset maximum load value and a preset minimum load value;
acquiring load displacement data acquired by an external testing machine in a loading motion process, wherein the load displacement data comprises displacement data in each load value direction;
determining displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value according to the load displacement data;
and calculating the transverse rigidity of the elastic base plate to be tested according to the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein before the controlling the external testing machine to drive the loading plate of the lateral stiffness testing device to load at a preset loading rate and loading range, the method further comprises:
and controlling the external testing machine to drive a loading plate in the transverse rigidity testing device to perform preloading, wherein a second maximum load value of the preloading is greater than the maximum load value.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein calculating the lateral stiffness of the resilient pad to be tested from the maximum load value, the minimum load value, the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value, and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value comprises:
calculating a first difference value between the maximum load value and the minimum load value and a second difference value between the displacement data in the direction of the maximum load value and the displacement data in the direction of the minimum load value;
and dividing the first difference value by the second difference value to obtain the transverse rigidity of the elastic cushion plate to be tested.
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