CN111982277B - Low-cost stretchable wearable electric conversion intermediate infrared emitter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost stretchable wearable electric conversion intermediate infrared emitter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982277B CN111982277B CN202010738588.6A CN202010738588A CN111982277B CN 111982277 B CN111982277 B CN 111982277B CN 202010738588 A CN202010738588 A CN 202010738588A CN 111982277 B CN111982277 B CN 111982277B
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- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low-cost stretchable wearable electric transfer intermediate infrared emitter and a preparation method thereof, wherein the emitter comprises a top surface covering layer, a first insulating layer, an electric transfer intermediate infrared emitting film layer, a second insulating layer and a bottom surface covering layer which are sequentially stacked facing a wearer, and each layer can be stretched and ventilated; the mid-infrared emissivity of the top and bottom covering layers is respectively more than or equal to 90% and less than or equal to 10%, the hydrophilic contact angle of the top surface layer is less than 90 degrees, and the electric conversion mid-infrared emission film layer is prepared from the low-cost coal-based nano carbon polymer composite material. The innovation of SEME stems from the unusual combination of these quantifiable attributes, making SEME comfortable to wear and the low energy and high efficacy of electrotransport mid-infrared unidirectional wearer emissions, making electrotransport mid-infrared emitters have pioneering significance in the market development of personal thermal management and mid-infrared physiotherapy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wearable product, in particular to a low-cost stretchable wearable electric transfer intermediate infrared emitter (SEME) and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, wearable electrotransport infrared emitters have been produced and marketed. However, these products lack scientific and quantitative specifications in terms of radiation spectral wavelength and intensity. The present invention therefore first sets forth a background in the art relating to scientific principles and engineering.
Infrared light waves refer to electromagnetic radiation having energy quanta smaller than that of red light. Infrared light waves are important because the energy quanta in infrared light waves are matched to the vibrational energy levels of molecules, which has led to the development of molecular infrared spectroscopy for the identification and tracking of molecules in various fields of chemical engineering, medicine, food engineering and environmental engineering. Furthermore, infrared radiation is a major component of the spectral radiation emitted by all warm objects, in particular all biological objects. Thus, infrared light waves are closely related to humans.
The warm state and cold and hot changes of an object are quantified by temperature on the macro scale, and the warm state and changes of the object on the micro scale are quantified by electromagnetic wave quantum emission characteristics according to quantum physics, and Planck's law sets quantitative description of functional relation of electromagnetic wave quantum radiation intensity (I), radiation wavelength (lambda) and temperature (T) by the following simple equation- (1):
an ideal radiation emitter (called a blackbody) emits according to the above electromagnetic spectrum distribution without any self-absorption in the whole radiation spectrum, and its emissivity is also set as a reference standard for emissivity 100%. Blackbodies are produced and calibrated professionally and are widely used as emissivity standards. For example, fig. 1 shows the electromagnetic emission spectrum of a black body at a temperature of 310K (37 ℃, human body temperature), and actually the electromagnetic emission spectrum of a human body is also close to that of a standard black body. It is characterized in that: the total spectral intensity of electromagnetic radiation below a wavelength of 3 μm is only 0.02% of its entire spectrum, and the total spectral intensity above 50 μm is only 2%, then 98% of the total radiation lies in the wavelength range of 3-50 μm. The blackbody spectra at these two temperatures are also included in fig. 1, since the human body cannot be exposed to temperatures above 320K and below 290K for long periods of time. The electromagnetic radiation spectra of a healthy human body visible in the black body spectra comparing 320K, 310K and 290K are characterized by: (1) the effective spectrum is mainly in the electromagnetic wave radiation spectrum region of 3-50 μm; (2) the peak shape of the electromagnetic wave radiation spectrum of the 'extremely hot' human body is similar to that of the 'extremely cold' human body, the peak position is only slightly shifted from 9.0 mu m to 10.0 mu m, but the radiation intensity is greatly different. Analysis of FIG. 1 also shows that in the "extreme hot" state, the human body emits more electromagnetic wave quanta of 3 μm to 50 μm to reduce the excess energy, and in the "extreme cold" state, the human body emits less electromagnetic wave quanta of 3 μm to 50 μm to reduce the energy radiation consumption, and the "healthy" microscopic electromagnetic wave radiation spectrum state of 310K is maintained by absorbing the electromagnetic wave quanta of 3 μm to 50 μm emitted from the surrounding warm objects. Naturally, the shape of the electromagnetic wave radiation spectrum of the peripheral object helping the human body to recover the health state is preferably matched with the shape of the electromagnetic wave radiation spectrum in fig. 1, so that the human body can capture and absorb the electromagnetic wave quantum radiation of the peripheral object according to the spectral characteristics of the human body. The invention corrects scientific corruption in wearable electrothermal and thermotherapy industries according to the quantum physics principle and explains the consideration of aesthetic and functional design, preparation method, benchmark test/verification and application of the low-cost stretchable wearable electric-to-middle infrared emitter (SEME).
The importance of 3 μm-50 μm radiation to human health has indeed been well documented and evaluated [2-5 ]. Scientific experiments prove that the irradiation of the wave band can improve the blood circulation and immunity of human bodies [6-9], enhance the wound healing ability [10], relieve pains [11-12], relieve depression pressure [13], improve the sleep quality [14] and delay the memory decline [15 ]. The synergistic integration of these knowledge of 3 μm-50 μm radiation with the emerging field of personal thermal management [16-17], the emergence of new scientific research fields and the production of new products. However, the wavelength span of electromagnetic radiation employed in current practice has a certain randomness that hinders the development of this emerging industry and the sustainable acceptance of the market. For example, references 6-15 are exemplary of published industry documents, and they employ the following narrow to wide, distinct and extremely large wavelength spans of electromagnetic radiation: "5-12 μm" [6], "3-14 μm" [9], "3-15 μm" [13], "4-16 μm" [11,12,14], "5-20 μm" [15], "4-20 μm" [8] and "5.6-25 μm" [10 ]. Obviously, the spectral bands adopted by this industry must be standardized and standardized.
Although electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength span of 3-50 μm is of such great significance and has contributed to a number of commendable papers and patents, surprisingly even the naming of the wavelength span has been written in a rather arbitrary fashion. According to the international spectral standard ISO20473, the wavelength range of 3-50 μm is well-defined as the mid-infrared, wherein 0.78 μm-3 μm is the near-infrared and 50 μm-1000 μm is the far-infrared. However, most of the many commercial products [19] and references [5-13] use the word "far infrared" to describe radiation in the 3-50 μm wavelength range at will. Some of these documents wrongly cite the definition of infrared radiation by the International Commission on Illumination (International Commission Illumination) to justify their use of "far infrared" to describe radiation having a wavelength in the range of 3-50 μm. For clarity, the exact definitions published by the international commission on illumination website (www.cie.co.at) are compiled as follows:
infrared radiation: light radiation having a longer wavelength than visible light, the wavelength being 780nm to 1 mm.
Note 1: for infrared radiation, a range of 780nm to 1mm is generally divided: IR-A: 780nm to 1400nm, or 0.78 μm to 1.4 μm; IR-B1.4-3.0 μm; IR-C: 3 μm to 1 mm.
Note 2: the exact boundary between "visible" and "infrared" cannot be defined because the visual perception of wavelengths greater than 780nm is due to the very bright light source with longer wavelengths.
Note 3: in some applications, the infrared spectrum is also classified as "near", "intermediate" and "far" infrared. However, the partition boundaries vary from application to application (e.g., meteorology, photochemistry, optical design, thermophysics, etc.).
The above illustrates a conclusion that the commission internationale de l' eclairage only acknowledges that certain spectral applications partition the infrared into "near", "intermediate" and "far" infrared, but no suggestion is made as to how these partitions are arranged. In contrast, ISO20473[18] specifically combines the 0.78-1.4 μm IR-A band and the 1.4-3.0 μm IR-B band into A 0.78-3.0 μm "near infrared" band, and splits the wide range of IR-C3.0-1000.0 μm bands, with the "mid infrared" band being 3.0-50.0 μm and the "far infrared" band being 50.0-1000.0 μm. In short, the present invention calls for the strict performance of the labeling of spectral bands of 3-50 μm as mid-infrared, in order to comply with the requirements of ISO 20473.
By adopting the ISO20473 standard to correct errors in the industry and correctly refer to the spectral band of 3-50 μm as mid-ir, the present invention also requires all persons studying, manufacturing and selling mid-ir products to quantitatively account for the mid-ir properties of these products. In particular, the present invention calls for the use of a universal reference black body to calibrate the spectral radiant intensity and emissivity of a mid-infrared radiation emitter, which should be a function of the emitter's radiant wavelength at a particular temperature. When the temperature of the object is between 25 ℃ and 50 ℃ which is close to the human body temperature, 98% of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation of the object is emitted in the mid-infrared band of 3 to 50 μm, and therefore all such objects can be classified as mid-infrared emitters, which is in accordance with the ISO20473 standard. In addition, the wavelength of the mid-ir emitter should be calibrated by emissivity as a function of the emitter wavelength at a specific temperature, with reference to a black body having a standard emissivity. Emissivity refers, without explicit specification, to the average emissivity in a particular spectral band calibrated with black body. In practice, the intensity of radiation as a function of radiation wavelength can be accurately measured using a high-end infrared spectrometer, which can cover the mid-infrared band of 3-50 μm. In addition, the intensity of the radiation as a function of the wavelength of the radiation can also be easily measured with a common infrared spectrometer which typically covers a spectral range of 0.78 μm to 25 μm. Thus, the emissivity in a partial spectral band of 3-25 μm in the mid-infrared range of 3-50 μm can be easily measured by this method. Although this measurement method covers only the spectral band of 3-25 μm and not the entire mid-infrared range of 3-50 μm, the measured emissivity data is a good representation of the emissivity characteristics of the measurand because the total radiation intensity emitted in the spectral band of 3-25 μm at the temperature range of 25-50 c for a black body is 85% of the entire mid-infrared band of 3-50 μm. The present invention therefore uses and advocates this measurement method to determine the spectral and emissivity characteristics of all mid-ir emitters. This standardization approach overcomes the lack of expertise in designing, manufacturing and applying human-related infrared radiation products to spectral specifications.
Based on these methodological considerations, the present invention reveals key design parameters in SEME. In designing products for use with mid-infrared radiation in relation to humans using the property of mid-infrared for human health, it must be considered that the operating surface temperature of the emitter, which is known as 46.5 ℃, does not cause burns to the human skin. Although this is well below the typical sauna temperature of about 80 ℃, for safety reasons the present invention sets 46 ℃ as the upper limit of the surface temperature of the SEME facing and contacting the wearer. In short, an ideal SEME should be designed to provide comfort to the wearer with its maximum operating temperature limited to 46 ℃. Such an ideal SEME should include a high emissivity surface facing the wearer where the IR emissivity is close to black. If such a surface temperature is maintained at 46 ℃, the total mid-infrared radiation intensity thereof is 59mW/cm according to Planck's law2. In addition, the ideal SEME should also include a non-emissive surface facing away from the wearer, where the IR emissivity is close to 0, to minimize radiation waste and energy loss. Thus, an ideal SEME would be a structure with top-bottom opposite functions. Under these conditions, the transmitter can be easily operated using a safe and convenient USB power supply or a small battery with 5V current less than 2A. To date, neither related designs relating to such SEMEs have emerged nor any related products relating to SEMEs having a top-bottom reverse functional structure, emitting approximately 59mW/cm to the wearer2And the opposite side of the emitter should emit little mid-infrared radiation. Since the therapeutic effect of mid-infrared radiation reported in the literature has been experimentally followed and thoroughly verified, typical mid-infrared radiation intensities are notHigher than 30mW/cm2The irradiation time is usually 30 minutes. The inventive SEME can therefore be at a much lower level than its ideal 59mW/cm2The treatment effect can be easily achieved under the condition of radiation intensity. This means that the treatment effect of the mid-infrared radiation verified in the experiment on the human body can be achieved with a power supply of far less than 10W and with a running time of less than 30 minutes. Thus, the inventive SEME has great practical impact and application prospects due to its simple, convenient, and inexpensive application.
Based on the emphasis on scientific clarity and evidence-based specifications, the inventive SEME overcomes the shortcomings in the industry and improves its expertise. Specifically, many commercial electric heating products [19] having warming and physiotherapy effects and many related publications [2-16] in the scientific literature have made a common mistake of falsely attributing electromagnetic wave radiation in the temperature range relevant to the human body to far infrared radiation rather than to mid infrared radiation. Furthermore, they either ignore the precise specification of the radiation wavelength span or specify an arbitrary radiation wavelength span that covers only a small fraction of the mid-infrared. In contrast, the inventive SEME of the present invention undoubtedly covers 98% of its total radiation in the mid-infrared spectral band specified in ISO20473 of 3-50 μm, and its radiation and emissivity characteristics cover spectral bands of 3-25 μm, tested and clarified using an infrared spectrometer, with the reference black body as spectral reference. In short, the design and manufacture of the inventive SEMEs of the present invention is scientifically clear and specialized.
Since the inventive key of the SEME of the present invention lies in its well-defined radiation and emissivity intervals, especially its top and bottom emission structures with opposite functions, it is necessary to explain the detection and optimization of mid-ir emissivity. The main tools for detecting mid-infrared radiance are two: (a) non-wavelength dispersion emissivity as measured by a simple emissivity measurement instrument, and (b) wavelength dispersion emissivity as measured by an infrared spectrometer equipped with a black body. A recently published document [20] describes, calibrates and validates an industrial emissivity measurement instrument. The radiation emissivity measuring instrument is provided with an internal blackbody emitter, the temperature of the internal blackbody emitter is 100 ℃, the internal blackbody emitter can irradiate a test sample, and the emissivity of the test sample is detected and measured through the temperature change of the blackbody-like radiation absorber. The radiation emissivity measuring instrument covers 0.05% -98% of emissivity range, and the spectral range is 2.5-40 μm. Since Planck's law states that a black body emits only 0.14% of its total radiation in the range of 2.5-3 μm at 100 ℃, the actual starting measurement wavelength of the emissivity meter is about 3-40 μm. While this emissivity meter design is effective for rapidly measuring mid-ir emissivity, the design only provides average emissivity over the mid-ir spectral range, with no information about the emissivity of specific wavelengths. This drawback can only be overcome by using an infrared spectrometer equipped with a black body.
The core function of the SEME of the present invention is to deliver mid-infrared radiation to the wearer. Since the SEME must also be aesthetically pleasing to the wearer, it is often decorated with visible colors. In such a case, laymen, even scientists/engineers of ordinary skill in the industry, may erroneously equate visible light emissivity to mid-ir emissivity, since humans can only see visible colors, but not mid-ir light. Thus, one may feel that a SEME reference decorated with black does not emit visible light, and therefore, does not emit mid-infrared light. Similarly, a layperson may also perceive that SEMEs having different visible colors must differ significantly in mid-IR emission. The present invention corrects this confusion, again by adhering to scientifically rigorous attitudes and evidence-based norms. For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, a special black polyester abrasion resistant cloth was prepared and tested, wherein the infrared wavelength dispersion emissivity is shown in FIG. 2. The mid-infrared emission spectrum curve of this black polyester is very close to that of a reference black body, with an overall emissivity of 96%, very close to 100%, over the measured spectral range of 3-33 μm. A layman who does not know the mid-infrared science may also think that the mid-infrared emissivity is greatly changed by changing the black dye into the white dye; in practice, however, another embodiment of the invention demonstrates: by choosing the appropriate white dye, one can retain a near perfect mid-infrared emission spectrum and maintain a high emissivity of above 95%, as shown in fig. 2. In contrast, reference [21] reports that the mid-infrared emission spectrum of the white polyethylene foil prepared by this group is inferior to that of the black polyethylene foil and a standard black body, particularly in a band of 3-7 μm, the emissivity of the white foil is only 83% of that of the black body. It can thus be seen that the present invention sets forth a rigorous and novel method for designing and producing SEME by studying quantitative mid-infrared wavelength dispersion emissivity.
In order to design and verify the performance of SEME in converting electrical energy to mid-infrared emission energy and delivering the relevant mid-infrared to the wearer, it is important to perform thorough spectral analysis of the absorption of radiation along the path from the radiation source to the wearer. The industry lacks such an analysis. For example, graphene floor heaters are actively being marketed, claiming that graphene radiated infrared is readily absorbed by the human body. In practice, graphene is included in the heating element of a graphene floor heater, but in practice the heating element is covered with a layer of wood or ceramic floor that is opaque to mid-infrared radiation. Thus, the mid-infrared radiation generated by the heating element is not transmitted through the flooring material. Instead, the floor is heated by absorbing radiation from the heater and absorbing thermal energy from the heater through normal heat conduction and then emitting mid-infrared radiation according to the mid-infrared emission spectral characteristics of the floor surface material, which often differ greatly from the mid-infrared emission spectral characteristics of the heating element or the body under the floor skin, even if the mid-infrared emissivity of the floor surface material is close to 0, the heat release is due primarily to convection of heated air and heated air rather than mid-infrared radiation. Similarly, the mid-infrared radiation from any wearable electrical to mid-infrared emitter is determined by the optical properties of its top surface material, rather than by an electrothermal heating element inside the heater. For example, all wearable electric transfer infrared devices which use graphene as an electric heating element and use color cotton, which is the most common wearable fabric, as the topmost wrapping layer have radiation with the mid-infrared characteristics of color cotton, but do not have the mid-infrared characteristics of graphene. Since cotton is known to have mid IR emissivity in the range of 68% -88% [22-23], cotton that has not been surface engineered to increase its mid IR emissivity is not an ideal choice for producing wearable electric transfer mid IR products. Similarly, all physical therapy products embedded in "highly emissive jewelry" are suspected of misleading buyers because the actual mid-infrared radiation of such products is determined by the properties of the outermost layer of material, not the embedded material. In addition, the ubiquitous wearable mid-infrared electric emitters neither provide a wearer-facing top surface with mid-infrared emissivity approaching 100% to ensure mid-infrared benefits in the product, nor provide energy-saving benefits for a back-facing item facing away from the wearer with mid-infrared emissivity approaching zero. Recently, although reference [24] reports a functional thin film structure with opposite top and bottom ir emissivity, which can also be used as an electrical mid-ir emitter, the top surface is heated with low emissivity nano-copper, while the bottom surface in the opposite direction is heated with high emissivity material to dissipate heat. Obviously, this top-bottom opposite functional structure design is contrary to the design of the present invention.
The relevant literature reports on physical therapy [2-15, 19], personal thermal management [ 16-19; US 7642489; US 10457424; US2018/0320067 and military applications [ US7313909] describe devices for emitting and operating infrared radiation required for these applications, all of which make the range and radiance of the band not conform to the mid-infrared specification, and the emitter operates with a surface temperature above 46 ℃ with the risk of causing burns on the human skin; among them are conventional infrared emitters [ US 8975604; US9249492], has the disadvantages of being bulky and heavy, not complying with market demands of being stretchable and wearable.
The present invention addresses all of these deficiencies in the industry in its entirety, sets forth scientific definitions of mid-IR emission and absorption, and proposes an optimal overall design and low cost production of a stretch-wearable electrical transit mid-IR emitter. The invention also discloses a middle infrared electric heater, which is characterized in that the middle infrared radiation is efficiently transmitted to a wearer, so that the wearer can absorb the middle infrared to generate warming and middle infrared curative effects, and the functional principle and the practical application of the middle infrared electric heater are subversive to the principle, the application and the practical benefit of generating and transmitting heat energy of the wearable electric heater in the prior industry.
Reference documents:
US Patent Documents:
US7313909 January 1,2008 Skoog,et al.
US8975604 March 10,2015 Iverson and Coffin
US9249492 February 2,2016, Reddy and Sekhar
US10457424 October 29,2019 Kusaba et al.
US2018/0320067 November 8,2018 Ding et al.
US7642489 January 5,2010 Liu and Fan
US7264668 September 4,2007 Lau and Au
WO2020051755 March 3,2020 Lau and Shan
other references:
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disclosure of Invention
The present invention relates to a design and manufacturing method for a novel SEME for physical therapy or personal thermal management, which meets the market demand for a safe, effective, comfortable physical therapy and low-cost personal thermal management, high-performance SEME. Furthermore, the present invention follows a normative approach that emphasizes scientific clarity and evidence-based in designing new SEMEs. More specifically, the present invention discloses the following unusual SEME design rules consistent with this approach:
the mid-ir emitting element of SEME is a block-to-mid ir emitting film comprising a low cost nano-carbon polymer composite film having a sheet resistance < 50 Ω/□ and a mid-ir emissivity approaching 100%, more than 90% of the total film area emitting mid-ir radiation uniformly when the film is powered by a low voltage power supply (e.g. a 5V-USB power compatible small rechargeable battery).
2. The electro-conversion mid-infrared emission film has flexible stretchability and a thickness of not more than 100 μm, so that the emitter is light-weight, soft and thin.
3. The low-cost nano carbon in the electric conversion intermediate infrared emission film is from coal or coke [ PCT/CN2018/104910], so although the composite film contains graphene, carbon nano tubes, carbon nano fibers and other conductive nano carbon, the composite film is low in price, and the production cost is far lower than that of a conductive film containing graphene, a nano carbon tube or any expensive nano carbon from graphite.
4. The electrically intermediate infrared-emitting film is completely surrounded by a coating of an electrically insulating polymer to ensure safe operation of the SEME, preventing any electrical leakage, and the polymer is low cost and stretchable.
5. The encapsulated mid-ir emitting film is apertured to provide sufficient breathability to the SEME to ensure its wearing comfort.
6. The breathable mid-infrared emissive film is coated with a second layer of an electrically insulating polymer to prevent electrical leakage through the pore walls of the breathable mid-infrared emissive film. Most importantly, the design of the second polymeric coating satisfies the color appearance and hydrophilic feel typically required for all wearable products. In addition, to achieve an effective SEME, the uppermost surface of the second polymeric coating must also be designed to have a mid-IR emissivity of approximately 100%, which allows the SEME to efficiently convert electrical energy to mid-IR radiation received by the wearer.
7. The mid-ir emissivity of the outer surface facing away from the wearer is designed to be close to 0 to minimize waste of radiation and loss of energy. One practical way to meet this design requirement is to coat the front surface with a shiny metal coating, typically having a mid-ir emissivity close to 0. Low-cost ultrathin aluminum coated on a polymer film is widely applied to industrial packaging due to the advantages of simple production, low cost and the like. In some embodiments, an ultra-thin zirconium aluminum super abrasive compound top layer with a beautiful platinum appearance and near 0 emissivity [ US7264668] is added for protection against corrosion. The ultra-thin design of the present invention preserves the flexibility and wear resistance of the SEME.
8. In addition to designing the top-bottom opposing functional structure to minimize any energy loss, the electrically insulating envelope of the electrical mid-range ir emitter is also designed to have an asymmetric structure with respect to thermal conductivity, particularly since the thermal conductivity of the wearer-facing side of the electrical mid-range ir emitter is high and the thermal conductivity of the opposite side is low. This asymmetry is easily achieved by inserting a porous polymer layer. For a thickness of 300 μm, the conductive layerA polymer foam layer having a thermal coefficient of 0.01W/(m.DEG C.) when the heater is operated at 0.05W/cm2The temperature drop of the coating is 15 c when powered at typical power densities. In this case, the surface temperature of the mid-IR emitter facing the wearer may be maintained at 46℃ and the surface temperature of the opposite face at 31℃ for safety reasons. In the SEME structure, the combination of the asymmetry of thermal conductivity and the asymmetry of mid-IR emissivity is a new way to reduce the energy loss of SEME.
9. Comfortable wearable electric transfer infrared transmitter, its characteristics are as follows: breathability is the strategic penetration of the emitter through the design of appropriate air holes to ensure skin comfort; stretchability accommodates wearer body movements, such as arm/leg bending, through elastic engineering; surface hydrophilicity, ensuring skin compatibility through advanced surface engineering.
10. In light of these design considerations, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the SEME maximum operating temperature using the electrotransfer mid IR emitting film design is 60 ℃. According to Planck's law [1]]When an electrically intermediate infrared emissive film having a near unity emissivity is at 60 ℃, it is at about 68mW/cm2Emits mid-infrared light. When the infrared reflector is in place, substantially all of the radiation impinges on the wearer. The upper limit of the surface temperature of the SEME facing the wearer is 46 ℃ and the upper limit of the maximum surface temperature of the opposite face is 31 ℃. The mid-infrared radiation intensity of the top surface of the SEME facing the wearer is much stronger than that of the opposite surface. At 46 ℃ and a mid-infrared emissivity of 95%, the mid-infrared radiation is 56mW/cm2. In the mid-infrared physiotherapy industry, most known treatments use mid-infrared radiation power densities of no more than 30mW/cm2The treatment time is 30 minutes. Thus, the SEME of the present invention has extremely high mid-infrared radiation capability in therapeutic applications and can be adjusted and calibrated downward in its actual therapeutic operation. The area of the heater of the common wearable heater does not exceed 200cm2Therefore, in this embodiment, the power consumption of the SEME is less than 14W, as in the floating state when not being worn. However, in actual use of SEME, the wearer's body is at a body temperature near 37℃, and its power consumption is far lowerAt 14W. In this case, the wearer is wearing at approximately 50mW/cm2The power density of (a) emits mid-infrared, a portion of which is reflected back, in addition to the electrical mid-infrared emission radiation of the SEME to the wearer. Therefore, the actual electric power consumption of the SEME of the present invention is less than 5W/200cm2. Due to the fact that the mid-infrared radiation of a wearer is comprehensively designed and optimized, the mid-infrared physiotherapy time can be limited within 30 minutes. Therefore, the energy consumption per physiotherapy treatment can be easily set to less than 2.5W hr. If a small USB battery is used, the power supply weight may be less than 50 g.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a low-cost stretchable wearable electrotransfer mid-infrared emitter, which comprises a top cover layer, a first insulating layer, an electrotransfer mid-infrared emitting film layer, a second insulating layer and a bottom cover layer, which are sequentially stacked, each of which is stretchable and breathable;
the emitter comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged along the stacking direction, the top surface covering layer is close to the first surface, the bottom surface covering layer is close to the second surface, the first surface faces a wearer, the mid-infrared emissivity of the first surface is more than or equal to 90%, and the mid-infrared emissivity of the second surface is less than or equal to 10%;
the hydrophilic contact angle of the top surface covering layer is less than 90 degrees;
the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer comprises a low-cost coal-based nano carbon polymer composite material, and the intermediate infrared emission rate of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is more than or equal to 90%;
the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer coat the whole electric conversion intermediate infrared emission film layer;
the transmitter also includes a temperature sensor and a power management component.
Optionally, the spectral wavelength range of the mid-infrared is 3-50 μm band.
Optionally, the mid-infrared emissivity of the first surface is greater than or equal to 95%.
Optionally, one or more of the top cover layer, the first insulating layer, the electrical transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer, the second insulating layer and the bottom cover layer are of a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
Optionally, the average mid-infrared emissivity of the electric conversion mid-infrared emission film layer is greater than or equal to 95%.
Optionally, the sheet resistance of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is less than or equal to 100 omega/□, the thickness is less than or equal to 200 mu m, and the elastic tensile strain is not less than 10%.
Optionally, the nanocarbon in the composite material includes one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.
Optionally, the nanocarbon in the composite material comprises one or more multi-morphology conductive nanocarbons obtained from coal or coke, wherein the multi-morphology conductive nanocarbons comprise graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.
Optionally, the polymer in the composite material comprises one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polystyrene, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicon-based rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide.
Optionally, the thickness of the top surface covering layer is less than or equal to 100 μm.
Optionally, the structural material of the top cover layer comprises one or more of polyester, thermoplastic polyurethane, carbon-based rubber and silicon-based rubber; the dyeing material of the top surface covering layer comprises one or more of lead-free and chromium-free pigments, aluminum particles, coating aluminum particles, titanium dioxide particles, coating titanium dioxide particles, nano carbon black, perylene red, quinophthalo yellow, bismuth yellow, indigo blue, phthalocyanine blue, cobalt blue, copper phthalocyanine green, iron oxide orange, iron oxide brown and lead-free yellow 83.
Optionally, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are made of one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber and silicon-based rubber, and the thickness of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is less than or equal to 500 μm.
Optionally, the bottom surface covering layer is made of one or more of zirconium-containing metal-rich oxycarbonitride, zirconium, aluminum, copper, zirconium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, chromium alloy and stainless steel; the thickness of the bottom surface covering layer is less than or equal to 100 nm.
The present invention also provides a wearable article comprising the stretch wearable electrical mid-conversion infrared emitter of any of the above.
Optionally, the wearable article includes one or more of a garment, a garment accessory, a bedding article, and a physical therapy device.
The present invention also provides a method for making any of the above stretch-wearable electric transfer mid-infrared emitters, the method comprising:
(1) preparing an electric conversion mid-infrared emission film layer by adopting a nano carbon polymer composite material: dispersing the polymer in the composite material in an organic solvent to form a first mixed solution, and then dispersing the nano carbon in the composite material in the first mixed solution to form a second mixed solution; preparing the electric conversion intermediate infrared emission film layer by adopting a standard slurry film forming process;
(2) respectively superposing a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer to obtain a laminated structure which sequentially comprises the first insulating layer, the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer and the second insulating layer, wherein the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is wrapped by the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and a plurality of air holes extending along the laminating direction are formed in the laminated structure to obtain an air permeable structure;
(3) and forming a top surface covering layer on one side of the air-permeable structure close to the first insulating layer, and forming a bottom surface covering layer on one side of the air-permeable structure close to the second insulating layer.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph of the infrared radiation energy density distribution of a standard black body at different temperatures.
FIG. 2 is a graph of IR energy density distribution for different materials.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a stretch wearable electric rotary mid-infrared emitter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a stretch wearable electric rotary mid-infrared emitter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an air permeable path in a stretch wearable electrotransfer mid-infrared emitter of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for making a stretchable wearable electrotransfer mid-infrared emitter according to the present invention.
FIG. 7-1 is a design of a strip stretch wearable electrotransfer mid IR emitter of the present invention in which a strip of pre-packaged mid IR emitting film is laminated to a perforated component layer. (section view at air hole)
Fig. 7-2 is a design of a strip stretch wearable electrotransfer mid-ir emitter of the present invention in which a strip of pre-packaged mid-ir emitting film is laminated to a perforated component layer. (section view without air vent)
Fig. 8 is a strip stretch wearable electrotransfer mid ir emitter design of the present invention in which mid ir emitting film stripes are produced by printing.
FIG. 9 is a comparison of measured characteristics of a SEME and a market race product of an embodiment of the present invention at the same power
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following section, some examples are given and explained to further illustrate the technical details of the present invention. Many aspects of the invention can be better understood with reference to fig. 2-8. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the SEME principles presented herein.
In some embodiments, the present invention discloses a basic structure of a stretch wearable electric transfer medium infrared emitter (SEME), comprising a plurality of layers starting from the front surface of the SEME, as shown in FIG. 3, the emitter comprising a top surface covering layer 31, a first insulating layer 32, an electric transfer medium infrared emission film layer 33, a second insulating layer 34 and a bottom surface covering layer 35, which are sequentially stacked;
the emitter includes a first surface (top surface) and a second surface (bottom surface) oppositely disposed in the stacking direction, the top surface cladding layer 31 being adjacent to the first surface, the bottom surface cladding layer 35 being adjacent to the second surface; the medium infrared emissivity of the first surface is more than or equal to 90%, and the medium infrared emissivity of the second surface is less than or equal to 10%.
In some embodiments, the top cover layer 31, the first insulating layer 32, the intermediate infrared emission film layer 33, the second insulating layer 34, and the bottom cover layer 35 may have the following features:
(a) the top surface covering layer 31 is a hydrophilic, breathable, attractive and stretchable packaging layer, wherein the infrared emissivity is more than or equal to 90%; preferably, the average mid-IR emissivity of the top cover layer is greater than or equal to 95%, and more preferably, the average mid-IR emissivity of the top cover layer is close to 100%;
(b) the first insulating layer 32 is an electrically insulating, mid-infrared transparent, breathable and flexible stretchable layer;
(c) the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer 33 is a flexible stretchable, breathable and high-conductivity electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film which takes coal-based nano carbon as a filler and has an intermediate infrared emissivity close to 100%;
(d) the second insulating layer 34 is an electrically insulating, mid-infrared transparent, thermally insulating, breathable and flexible stretchable layer;
(e) bottom overlay 35 is a durable ultra-thin metal/alloy decorative layer with an emissivity of approximately 0 (preferably, an average mid-IR emissivity of 5% or less).
Finally, a temperature sensor 36 and a power management component 37 including control circuitry and power supply are added to produce a functional and operational SEME.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the 5 basic functional layers 31-35 in FIG. 3 comprises a single layer or a multilayer structure to optimize the functional performance of each basic functional layer.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the material of the top cover layer 31 comprises one or more of polyester, thermoplastic polyurethane, carbon-based rubber, silicon-based rubber; preferably, the materials of the top cover layer further include one or more of lead-free and chromium-free pigments, aluminum particles, coated aluminum particles, titanium dioxide particles, coated titanium dioxide particles, nano-carbon black, perylene red, quinophthalo yellow, bismuth yellow, indigo, phthalo blue, cobalt blue, copper phthalo green, iron oxide orange, iron oxide brown, lead-free yellow 83; the thickness of the top surface covering layer is less than or equal to 100 mu m, the hydrophilic contact angle is less than 90 degrees, and the mid-infrared emissivity is more than or equal to 90 percent; preferably, the top cover layer has an average mid-IR emissivity of 95% or more, and more preferably an average mid-IR emissivity of approximately 100%.
In one specific embodiment, the top cover layer 31 is a hydrophilic, breathable, aesthetic and stretchable wear layer having a mid-IR emissivity of approximately 100%, more specifically, the material of the top cover layer 31 comprises a polyester having a mid-IR emissivity of approximately 100%, typically not approximately 100%, and the present invention provides for a resulting polyester having a mid-IR emissivity of approximately 100% by monitoring the infrared spectra of the raw materials and intermediates from the polyester production process. Evidence for this near 100% mid-ir emissivity is shown in figure 2. In some embodiments of the present invention, the high emissivity layer is colored white, black, red, green, blue, yellow and combinations thereof and maintains a mid-ir emissivity of approximately 100%. Figure 2 shows evidence that special polyesters with various colors produce mid-ir emissivity close to 100%. Colored polyester is the most widely used wearable polymer in the apparel industry and is therefore the preferred material for producing the SEME of the present invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the top cover layer 31 may be any wearable polymer with color, as long as it has a mid-IR emissivity close to 100% and is as low cost as polyester.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the first insulating layer 32 and the second insulating layer 34 includes one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, and silicon-based rubber, and the thickness is less than or equal to 500 μm.
In a specific embodiment, the material of the first and second insulating layers 32, 34 comprises polyethylene. The invention discloses that polyethylene can be designed into a polymer with the best intermediate infrared transparent effect, has low cost, has proper heat insulation and flexible and stretchable characteristics, and is suitable for the SEME structure disclosed by the invention. In some embodiments, the polyethylene layer is surface modified to become more hydrophilic. In some embodiments, the second insulating layer 34 further comprises polyethylene foam to optimize the insulating properties of the layer.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the first and second insulating layers 32 and 34 comprises polypropylene. Polypropylene has superior properties to polyethylene in certain aspects of polymer properties, including thermal, chemical and optical properties. Like polyethylene, polypropylene is also very inexpensive. Thus, polypropylene is also suitable for use in the SEME structures disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the polypropylene layer is surface modified to become more hydrophilic. In some embodiments, the second insulating layer 34 also includes polypropylene foam to optimize the thermal insulating properties of the layer.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the first and second insulating layers 32 and 34 may further include thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicone-based rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, and combinations thereof.
The sheet resistance of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer 33 is less than or equal to 100 omega/□, the thickness is less than or equal to 200 mu m, the intermediate infrared emission rate is greater than or equal to 90 percent, and the elastic tensile strain is not less than 10 percent; preferably, the mid-infrared emissivity of the electric conversion mid-infrared emission film layer is more than or equal to 95%.
The electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer 33 comprises a nano-carbon polymer composite material, wherein nano-carbon in the composite material comprises one or more of graphene, carbon nano-tubes and carbon nano-fibers. The nano-carbon in the composite material comprises one or more multi-morphology conductive nano-carbons selected from graphene, carbon nano-tubes and carbon nano-fibers obtained from coal or coke. The polymer in the composite material comprises one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polystyrene, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicon-based rubber, polypropylene and polyethylene. Wherein the nano-carbon is composed of coal-based nano-carbon with the resistivity lower than 1 omega cm, and the production cost of the nano-carbon is at least 50 times lower than that of graphene. In some embodiments, the carbon black is further graphitized to a resistivity of less than 1 Ω -cm and used to make SEME in the present invention. In some embodiments, the electrochromic mid-ir emitting film layer 33 includes a plurality of air holes extending in the lamination direction, which are formed by one or more of mechanical punching, arc machining, laser cutting, selective area etching, and melt-blown film formation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom overlay 35 may be a durable ultra-thin metal/alloy decorative layer having a mid-infrared emissivity of approximately 0 (e.g., an average mid-infrared emissivity ≦ 5%) that includes a metal-rich oxycarbonitride ZrAlvNxCyOz, wherein 0< v <1,0< x <1,0< y <1, and 0< z < 1. This metal-like coating can be made by conventional sputtering equipment, is inexpensive, is a durable coating, and has a shiny platinum-like appearance. Wherein the infrared emissivity is close to 0. In some embodiments, an ultra-thin aluminum primer layer is prepared to enhance the adhesion of durable coatings.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom surface cladding layer 35 comprises one or more of a zirconium-containing metal-rich oxycarbonitride, zirconium, aluminum, copper, zirconium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, chromium alloy, stainless steel. In some embodiments, an ultra-thin aluminum primer or titanium primer is prepared on one or both sides of the bottom overlay 35 to enhance adhesion of the durable coating.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the electrical transfer mid ir-emitting film layer 33 comprises flexible parallel strips 411, 412 … … 41n of electrical transfer mid ir-emitting film connected together by flexible stretchable, electrically insulating and air permeable spacer strips 421, 422 … … 42n, the stretchability and air permeability of which is achieved primarily by the design of the spacer strips.
In some embodiments, the multi-layer venting path through the SEME of the present invention is achieved by pore engineering. In some embodiments, such air-permeable paths are designed through perforations. In some embodiments, the ventilation paths are evenly distributed throughout the SEME, as shown in the right diagram of fig. 5. In some embodiments, the ventilation pathway is strategically located in a selective area, and the ventilation area is strategically located in the SEME. In some embodiments, the air permeable path is strategically located in the spacer between the strips of electrically-switched mid-infrared-emitting film, as shown in the left figure of fig. 5.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, electrically mid-infrared emissive film strip 611 is first sandwiched by two thin electrically insulating laminate layers 612 and 613. These wrapped strips of mid-infrared-emitting film are then spaced parallel and laminated into a flexible stretchable and breathable mid-infrared-emitting film.
Fig. 7-1 and 7-2 show that the resulting mid-ir emissive film 73 is surrounded by constituent layers 71, 72, 74, 75 of a multilayer SEME design. Wherein the gas permeable or stretchable gas permeable membrane extends through all component layers 71-75 of the entire emitter.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, a strip 83 of mid IR emitting film is printed onto a constituent layer 81 of a pre-formed constituent layer. The resulting printed layers 83 are laminated to obtain a layer having the constituent layer 81. All component layers 81 include elastically stretchable polymers, copolymers, mixed polymers, and combinations thereof. Finally, a ventilation path is formed by perforating the space between each pair of printed stripes.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the stretchable wearable electric transfer intermediate infrared emitter, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an electric conversion mid-infrared emission film layer by adopting a nano carbon polymer composite material: dispersing the polymer in the composite material in an organic solvent to form a first mixed solution, and then dispersing the nano carbon in the composite material in the first mixed solution to form a second mixed solution; preparing the electric conversion intermediate infrared emission film layer by adopting a standard slurry film forming process;
(2) respectively superposing a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer to obtain a laminated structure which sequentially comprises the first insulating layer, the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer and the second insulating layer, wherein the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is wrapped by the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and a plurality of air holes extending along the laminating direction are formed in the laminated structure to obtain an air permeable structure;
(3) and forming a top surface covering layer on one side of the air-permeable structure close to the first insulating layer, and forming a bottom surface covering layer on one side of the air-permeable structure close to the second insulating layer.
Examples
Specific examples are set forth in detail below. It is to be understood that the following is only exemplary or illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention. Many modifications may be made to adapt other compositions, methods, and systems to the teachings without departing from the essential scope thereof. Thus, while the invention has been described above in detail, the following examples provide further detail that are presently considered to be the most practical.
Example 1
Production and performance verification of the SEME with the top-bottom reverse functional structure shows that the wearer faces forward, the visual appearance is white, the mid-IR emissivity is close to 100%, and the mid-IR emissivity of the reverse side is close to 0.
In the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention, a high performance SEME was manufactured.
Firstly, dispersing thermoplastic polyurethane in cyclohexanone, dispersing conductive coal-based nano carbon in a thermoplastic polyurethane solution, and preparing the stretchable flexible intermediate infrared emission film by adopting a standard liquid slurry film forming process. The sheet resistance of the obtained film was 26. + -. 2. omega./□ and the thickness was 80. + -. 2. mu.m, and a sheet resistance of 6. omega. and a size of 156cm were prepared2The mid-infrared emission film of (1). When the applied voltage is 5V, the current passing through the intermediate infrared emission film is 0.83A, and the rated power and the unit area power are respectively 4.2W and 0.027W/cm2。
The middle infrared emission film is sandwiched by two layers of thin polypropylene, and the wrapped middle infrared emission film is perforated to realize air permeability. A thin solution of polyester with white dye is then applied over the breathable mid ir-emitting film to electrically insulate the perforated sidewalls and to engineer the topmost surface of the encapsulated mid ir-emitting film to have a mid ir emissivity approaching 100%. Polyester is also used because of its hydrophilicity and comfortable wear resistance. The bottom surface of the mid-IR emitter is then coated with an ultra-thin layer containing zirconium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen to form a durable surface with mid-IR emissivity near 0.
The resultant SEME has stretchability and breathability and has a hydrophilic surface for contact with the wearer. Under full power mid-IR emitter operation, the surface in contact with the wearer was raised to 46 deg.C and the power was adjusted to maintain the desired temperature. As shown in fig. 2, the SEME has an emissivity of 96% for mid ir radiation facing the wearer's top surface and a emissivity of 5% for the metal coated surface when the surface temperature is 46 ℃, based on the reference black body as a calibration standard. Under the series of operating conditions, the power density of the mid-infrared radiation to the human body is about 55mW/cm2. The power density of the mid-infrared radiation is much higher than that of the infrared therapeutic lamp which is common on the market. Typically, such infrared light is specified to have an emission spectrum in the range of 3-25 μm and a spectral sensitivity peak of 5 μm, with a recommended power density of less than 30mW/cm2. It should be noted that according to planck's law, the temperature of a black body with an emission spectrum peak of 5 μm is about 300 ℃; the heat source of such an infrared lamp therefore operates at temperatures above 300 c. In contrast, the SEME in this example emits mid-IR with a 9 μm spectral peak and an operating temperature near 46 ℃. The work of SEME is safer compared to ordinary infrared therapeutic lamps, where the infrared signal matches better with the emission/absorption characteristics of the human body.
Fig. 9 is a comparison of measured characteristics of the SEME of this example with market contests at the same power. As can be seen in fig. 9, the SEME side of the present invention facing the wearer reached a temperature of 46 ℃ and a mid ir emissivity of 98%, while the side or decorative side facing away from the wearer was maintained at a lower temperature of 31 ℃, with a mid ir emissivity as low as 10%, i.e., very low power loss. In contrast, the temperature of the front side of the competitive product is 38 ℃, and the mid-infrared emissivity is only 93 percent, namely the heating power to the wearer is low; and the middle infrared emissivity of the reverse side is as high as 93%, so that extremely high power loss exists.
Example 2
Production and performance verification of a SEME with a top-bottom reverse functional structure, with the wearer facing front, the visual appearance being black, with mid IR emissivity approaching 100%, and the opposite face mid IR emissivity approaching 0.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high performance SEME is manufactured. The production process was the same as in example 1 except that the white polyester was replaced by a black polyester. As shown in FIG. 2, with the reference black body as the calibration reference, the mid IR emissivity of the SEME mid IR radiation at a surface temperature of 46 ℃ is 97% and the mid IR emissivity of the metal coating surface is 5%. Under this operating condition, the power density of the mid-infrared radiation to the human body is about 56mW/cm2。
Example 3
Production and performance verification of a SEME with top-bottom inverted functional structure with wearer facing front-facing, visual appearance red, mid IR emissivity near 100%, and opposite face mid IR emissivity near 0.
In this particular embodiment of the invention, a high performance SEME is fabricated. The production process was the same as in example 1 except that the white polyester was replaced by the red polyester. As shown in fig. 2, the mid ir emissivity of the middle ir radiation of the SEME is 92% at a surface temperature of 46 c, using the reference black body as the calibration reference. Under this operating condition, the power density of the mid-infrared radiation to the human body is about 53mW/cm2。
Example 4
Production and performance verification of a SEME with a top-bottom reverse functional structure, with the wearer facing front, the visual appearance green, mid IR emissivity near 100%, and opposite face mid IR emissivity near 0.
In this particular embodiment of the invention, a high performance SEME is fabricated. The production process was the same as in example 1 except that the polyester was replaced by a green polyester during the production. As shown in fig. 2, the SEME has a mid ir emissivity of 91% at a surface temperature of 46 c, using the reference black body as the calibration standard. Under this operating condition, the power density of the mid-IR radiation to the wearer is about 52mW/cm2。
Comparative example 1
SEME production and performance verification without top-bottom opposite functional structure design
In this embodiment of the invention, a test SEME was produced. The production process was the same as in example 1, except that the SEME surface opposite the wearer was not covered by a shiny metal rich covering. This surface is therefore also highly radiative. The power rating to maintain the same operating temperature of 46 c was about 1.6 times the SEME in example 1. Obviously, the design of the top-bottom reverse functional structure reduces energy consumption.
Comparative example 2
SEME production and performance verification by replacing film heater with alloy wire heater
In this comparative example of the present invention, a test SEME was produced. The production process was the same as in example 1 except that the electrotransfer mid-infrared emitting film was replaced by an elongated zigzag shaped electrothermal wire of the same electrical resistance. The mid-infrared radiation from this electrothermal wire heater was photographed with an infrared camera and the surface temperature of the front of the wearer was 46 ℃. Mid-infrared imaging confirmed the surface temperature and mid-infrared radiation was not uniform.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and its efficacy, rather than limiting it, and various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A low-cost stretchable wearable electric transfer intermediate infrared emitter is characterized by comprising a top surface covering layer, a first insulating layer, an electric transfer intermediate infrared emitting film layer, a second insulating layer and a bottom surface covering layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein each layer is stretchable and breathable;
the emitter comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged along the stacking direction, the top surface covering layer is close to the first surface, the bottom surface covering layer is close to the second surface, the first surface faces a wearer, the mid-infrared emissivity of the first surface is more than or equal to 95%, and the mid-infrared emissivity of the second surface is less than or equal to 10%;
the hydrophilic contact angle of the top surface covering layer is less than 90 degrees;
the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer comprises a low-cost coal-based nano carbon polymer composite material, and the intermediate infrared emission rate of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is more than or equal to 95 percent; the sheet resistance of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is less than or equal to 100 omega/□, the thickness is less than or equal to 100 mu m, and the elastic tensile strain is not less than 10 percent; the nano-carbon in the composite material comprises multi-morphology conductive nano-carbon which is obtained from coal or coke and comprises one or more of graphene, carbon nano-tubes and carbon nano-fibers; the polymer in the composite material comprises one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polystyrene, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, silicon-based rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide;
the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer coat the whole electric conversion intermediate infrared emission film layer;
the transmitter further comprises a temperature sensor and a power management component;
the spectrum wavelength range of the mid-infrared is 3-50 mu m wave band;
the structural material of the top surface covering layer comprises one or more of polyester, thermoplastic polyurethane, carbon-based rubber and silicon-based rubber; the dyeing material of the top surface covering layer comprises one or more of lead-free and chromium-free pigments, aluminum particles, titanium dioxide particles, nano carbon black, perylene red, quinophthalo yellow, bismuth yellow, indigo, phthalocyanine blue, cobalt blue, copper phthalocyanine green, iron oxide orange and iron oxide brown;
the bottom surface covering layer is made of one or more of zirconium-containing metal-rich oxycarbonitride, zirconium, aluminum, copper, zirconium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, chromium alloy and stainless steel; the thickness of the bottom surface covering layer is less than or equal to 100 nm.
2. The stretch wearable electrical transfer infrared emitter of claim 1, wherein one or more of the top cover layer, first insulating layer, electrical transfer infrared emitting film layer, second insulating layer, and bottom cover layer is a single layer or a multi-layer structure.
3. The stretchable wearable electrical rotary mid-infrared emitter of claim 1, wherein the material of the first and second insulating layers comprises one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, thermoplastic polyester, carbon-based rubber, and silicon-based rubber.
4. A wearable article comprising the stretch wearable electrical transfer infrared emitter of any of claims 1-3.
5. The wearable article of claim 4 comprising one or more of a garment, a garment accessory, a bedding product, and a physical therapy device.
6. A method for making a stretch wearable electrotransfer ir emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
(1) preparing an electric conversion mid-infrared emission film layer by adopting a nano carbon polymer composite material: dispersing the polymer in the composite material in an organic solvent to form a first mixed solution, and then dispersing the nano carbon in the composite material in the first mixed solution to form a second mixed solution; preparing the electric conversion intermediate infrared emission film layer by adopting a standard slurry film forming process;
(2) respectively superposing a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer to obtain a laminated structure which sequentially comprises the first insulating layer, the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer and the second insulating layer, wherein the electric transfer intermediate infrared emission film layer is wrapped by the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and a plurality of air holes extending along the laminating direction are formed in the laminated structure to obtain an air permeable structure;
(3) and forming a top surface covering layer on one side of the air-permeable structure close to the first insulating layer, and forming a bottom surface covering layer on one side of the air-permeable structure close to the second insulating layer.
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| CN202010738588.6A CN111982277B (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Low-cost stretchable wearable electric conversion intermediate infrared emitter and preparation method thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/105742 WO2022021195A1 (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-30 | Low-cost stretchable wearable electro-to-mid-infrared emitter and manufacturing method therefor |
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| CN113368399A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-10 | 佛山巧鸾科技有限公司 | Wearable intermediate infrared physiotherapy cushion capable of controlling intermediate infrared radiation dosage |
| CN113323242B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-03-11 | 佛山巧鸾科技有限公司 | Intelligent environment-friendly suspended ceiling device for middle-infrared heating |
| CN113357696A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-07 | 佛山巧鸾科技有限公司 | Intermediate infrared heating wall cloth and heating method |
| CN117324753B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-04-02 | 广东工业大学 | Processing method of laser-induced silver-doped graphene communication device and communication device |
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| CN1775128A (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2006-05-24 | 上海中大科技发展有限公司 | Nano intelligent temperature-controlled garment and its preparing method |
| CN101014218A (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2007-08-08 | 东华大学 | Far infrared flexible surface heating element with high emissivity |
| CN108495385A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-09-04 | 常州第六元素材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of flexible membrane of graphene-containing and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101396176B (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2012-11-07 | 上海中大科技发展有限公司 | Carbon heating clothes and preparation method thereof |
| JP6168136B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-26 | 株式会社大木工藝 | Thermal clothing |
| KR20190058956A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-30 | (주)보은 | Insulation safety vest |
| CN109549264A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-02 | 四川省安德盖姆石墨烯科技有限公司 | A kind of graphene intelligent heating dress |
| CN111330164A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-26 | 广东力王新材料有限公司 | Novel physiotherapy sheet |
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| CN1775128A (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2006-05-24 | 上海中大科技发展有限公司 | Nano intelligent temperature-controlled garment and its preparing method |
| CN101014218A (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2007-08-08 | 东华大学 | Far infrared flexible surface heating element with high emissivity |
| CN108495385A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-09-04 | 常州第六元素材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of flexible membrane of graphene-containing and preparation method thereof |
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