CN111981450B - Steam generating device controlled by steam drum pressure - Google Patents
Steam generating device controlled by steam drum pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111981450B CN111981450B CN201910437737.2A CN201910437737A CN111981450B CN 111981450 B CN111981450 B CN 111981450B CN 201910437737 A CN201910437737 A CN 201910437737A CN 111981450 B CN111981450 B CN 111981450B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/282—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water or steam circulating in tubes or ducts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
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Abstract
The invention provides a steam generating device for controlling pressure of a steam drum, which comprises an electric heating device and the steam drum, wherein the electric heating device is arranged in the steam drum, the steam drum comprises a water inlet pipe and a steam outlet, and a first pressure sensor is arranged in the steam drum and used for measuring the pressure in the steam drum; the first pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the pressure data, compares the pressure data with the preset target pressure, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater. The invention designs a device for intelligently controlling the pressure of a steam drum, which can adjust the heating power according to the pressure in the steam drum, thereby ensuring the safety of a steam generating device under the condition of maximizing the steam output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to steam generating equipment, in particular to an intelligently controlled steam generating device.
Background
Steam generating devices are mechanical devices that use the heat energy of a fuel or other energy source to heat water into steam. The steam generating device has wide application field and is widely applied to places such as clothing factories, dry cleaning shops, restaurants, bunkers, canteens, restaurants, factories and mines, bean product factories and the like. In applicant's prior application, a new coil type electric heating coil, such as CN106123306A, was developed and studied to vibrate the elastic tube bundle due to the expansion of the fluid therein caused by heating, thereby achieving heating and descaling effects.
However, in applications where it is found that continuous heating of the electric heater results in fluid stability of the internal electric heating means, i.e. the fluid is not flowing or is flowing very little, or the flow is stable, the vibration performance of the coil is greatly reduced, and thus the efficiency of the coil for descaling and heating is affected.
The existing steam generator has low output efficiency and low intelligent degree, so that the steam generator which is intelligently controlled according to pressure needs to be designed.
In addition, the structural layout of the heating device is rarely researched in the prior art, and the good structural layout can greatly save energy and improve the steam output effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel intelligent control electric heating steam generating device aiming at the defects of the steam generating device in the prior art. The steam generating device can improve the heating efficiency, thereby realizing a good intelligent control heating effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a steam generating device controlled by steam drum pressure comprises an electric heating device and a steam drum, wherein the electric heating device is arranged in the steam drum, the steam drum comprises a water inlet pipe and a steam outlet, and a first pressure sensor is arranged in the steam drum and used for measuring the pressure in the steam drum; the first pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the pressure data, compares the pressure data with the preset target pressure, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater.
Preferably, the controller controls the electric heater heating power to be increased if the pressure data measured by the first pressure sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the electric heater heating power to be decreased if the pressure data measured by the first pressure sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is disposed at an upper position of the case.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is a plurality of pressure sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating device according to the pressure data measured by the plurality of pressure sensors.
Preferably, the electric heating device comprises a first channel box, a second channel box and a coil pipe, the coil pipe is communicated with the first channel box and the second channel box to form closed circulation of heating fluid, and the electric heater is arranged in the first channel box; filling phase-change fluid in the first channel; the number of the coil pipes is one or more, each coil pipe comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pipe bundles, the central lines of the arc-shaped pipe bundles are arcs taking the first pipe box as a concentric circle, and the end parts of the adjacent pipe bundles are communicated, so that the end parts of the pipe bundles form free ends of the pipe bundles; the steam drum is characterized in that the steam drum is circular in cross section, the number of the electric heating devices is multiple, one electric heating device is arranged in the center of the steam drum and becomes a central electric heating device, and the other electric heating devices are distributed around the center of the steam drum and become peripheral electric heating devices.
Preferably, the heating power of the single peripheral electric heating means is smaller than the heating power of the central electric heating means.
Preferably, the electric heating device comprises a first channel box, a second channel box and a coil pipe, the coil pipe is communicated with the first channel box and the second channel box to form closed circulation of heating fluid, and the electric heater is arranged in the first channel box; filling phase-change fluid in the first channel; the number of the coil pipes is one or more, each coil pipe comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pipe bundles, the central lines of the arc-shaped pipe bundles are arcs taking the first pipe box as a concentric circle, and the end parts of the adjacent pipe bundles are communicated, so that the end parts of the pipe bundles form free ends of the pipe bundles; the electric heating device is characterized in that the heating fluid is phase-change fluid, the electric heating device is in data connection with a controller, the controller controls the change of the heating power of the electric heating device along with time, the heating power P of the electric heating device is heated in a half period within a period T, and the electric heating device is not heated in the half period.
Preferably, T is 50 to 80 minutes, wherein the heating power is 4000W to 5000W.
Preferably, the electric heating device comprises a first channel box, a second channel box and a coil pipe, the coil pipe is communicated with the first channel box and the second channel box to form closed circulation of heating fluid, and the electric heater is arranged in the first channel box; filling phase-change fluid in the first channel; the number of the coil pipes is one or more, each coil pipe comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pipe bundles, the central lines of the arc-shaped pipe bundles are arcs taking the first pipe box as a concentric circle, and the end parts of the adjacent pipe bundles are communicated, so that the end parts of the pipe bundles form free ends of the pipe bundles; the coil pipe is characterized in that the first pipe box and the second pipe box are arranged along the height direction, the coil pipes are arranged along the height direction of the first pipe box, and the inner diameter of each coil pipe is continuously reduced from top to bottom.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the coil pipe is gradually decreased from the top to the bottom of the first header.
Preferably, the electric heating device comprises a first channel box, a second channel box and a coil pipe, the coil pipe is communicated with the first channel box and the second channel box to form closed circulation of heating fluid, and the electric heater is arranged in the first channel box; filling phase-change fluid in the first channel; the number of the coil pipes is one or more, each coil pipe comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pipe bundles, the central lines of the arc-shaped pipe bundles are arcs taking the first pipe box as a concentric circle, and the end parts of the adjacent pipe bundles are communicated, so that the end parts of the pipe bundles form free ends of the pipe bundles; the electric heating device is characterized in that a plurality of electric heaters are arranged, each electric heater is independently controlled, and the starting number of the electric heaters changes periodically along with the change of time; and n electric heaters are arranged, one electric heater is started at intervals of T/2n in a period T until the heaters are all started at the time T/2, and then one electric heater is closed at intervals of T/2n until the heaters are all closed at the time T.
Preferably, the heating power of each electric heater is the same.
Preferably, the period is 50 to 300 minutes; the average heating power of the electric heating device is 2000-4000W.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention designs a device for intelligently controlling the pressure of a steam drum, which can adjust the heating power according to the pressure in the steam drum, thereby ensuring the safety of a steam generating device under the condition of maximizing the steam output.
2. The electric heating device provided by the invention intermittently heats in a period, and can realize periodic frequent vibration of the elastic coil, so that good descaling and heating effects are realized.
3. The invention increases the heating power of the coil pipe periodically and continuously and reduces the heating power, so that the heated fluid can generate the volume which is continuously in a changing state after being heated, and the free end of the coil pipe is induced to generate vibration, thereby strengthening heat transfer.
4. The invention optimizes the optimal relationship of the parameters of the coil pipe through a large amount of experiments and numerical simulation, thereby realizing the optimal heating efficiency.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a top view of an electric heating apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the electric heating apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a coordinate diagram of intermittent heating of the electric heating device.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the coordinates of the periodic increase and decrease in heating power of the electric heating device.
Fig. 5 is a schematic coordinate diagram of another embodiment of periodically increasing and decreasing heating power of an electric heating device.
Fig. 6 is a coordinate diagram of the linear change of the heating power of the electric heating device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic layout of an electric heating device arranged in a circular steam drum.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the coil configuration.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a drum structure.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a control structure.
FIG. 11 is a control flow diagram.
In the figure: 1. coil pipe, 2, first pipe box, 3, free end, 4, free end, 5, inlet tube, 6, steam outlet, 7, free end, 8, second pipe box, 9, connecting point, 10, electric heating device, 11, steam pocket, 12 pipe bundles, 13 electric heater.
Detailed Description
A steam generating device comprises an electric heating device 10 and a steam drum 11, wherein the electric heating device 10 is arranged in the steam drum 11, and the steam drum 11 comprises a water inlet pipe 5 and a steam outlet 6. The steam outlet 6 is arranged at the upper part of the steam drum.
Preferably, the steam drum is of cylindrical construction.
Fig. 1 shows a top view of an electric heating apparatus 10, as shown in fig. 1, the electric heating apparatus 10 includes a first pipe box 2, a second pipe box 8 and a coil 1, the coil 1 is communicated with the first pipe box 2 and the second pipe box 8, a fluid circulates in the first pipe box 2, the second pipe box 8 and the coil 1 in a closed manner, an electric heater 13 is arranged in the electric heating apparatus 10, the electric heater 13 is used for heating the fluid in the electric heating apparatus 10, and then the water in the steam drum is heated by the heated fluid. The water inlet pipe 5 is provided with a water inlet valve for controlling the flow of water input into the steam drum 11.
Valve control of outlet steam temperature
Presetting a target temperature of outlet steam temperature, wherein the target temperature is stored in a central processing unit; a first temperature sensor is arranged at the position of the steam outlet 6 and used for measuring the temperature of the steam outlet; the first temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first temperature sensor transmits the detected temperature to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the temperature data, compares the temperature data with the preset target temperature, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and automatically controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve through the controller.
If the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor is lower than the first temperature, the controller controls the closing of the water inlet valve; and if the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is higher than the second temperature, the controller controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve to be maximum. This situation indicates that at the first temperature, the generated steam cannot meet the minimum temperature requirement of the actual demand, and at this time, the steam generating device 1 needs to be heated to avoid the entry of cold water. And at the second temperature, the temperature of the generated steam is too high and exceeds the temperature of actual needs, and at the moment, the steam generating device does not need to be heated and needs water to enter cold water for temperature reduction.
Preferably, the controller controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve to be decreased if the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve to be increased if the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value. In this case it is indicated that the temperature of the generated steam is higher or lower than actually necessary, and therefore it is necessary to increase or decrease the temperature of the steam by reducing or increasing the water entering the steam generating apparatus 1.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is a plurality of temperature sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating device according to the temperature data measured by the plurality of temperature sensors.
(II) heating power control of outlet steam temperature
Presetting a target temperature of outlet steam temperature, wherein the target temperature is stored in a central processing unit; a first temperature sensor is arranged at the position of the steam outlet 6 and used for measuring the temperature of the steam outlet; the first temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first temperature sensor transmits the detected temperature to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the temperature data, compares the temperature data with the preset target temperature, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 through the controller.
Preferably, the controller controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be increased if the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be decreased if the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value. In this case it is indicated that the temperature of the generated steam is higher or lower than actually necessary, and therefore it is necessary to reduce or increase the heating power of the steam generating apparatus 1.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is a plurality of temperature sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating device according to the temperature data measured by the plurality of temperature sensors.
(III) Water level control
Firstly, presetting target data of a highest water level and a lowest water level, wherein the target data are stored in a central processing unit; preferably, a water level sensor is arranged in the steam drum and used for detecting the water level in the steam drum; the water level temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the water level temperature sensor transmits detected water level data to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the water level data, compares the water level data with preset target data, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and automatically controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve through the controller.
Preferably, the controller increases the flow of water into the drum by controlling the opening if the water level falls, and decreases the flow of water into the drum 5 or stops the supply of water into the drum by decreasing the opening of the water inlet valve or closing the water inlet valve if the water level is too high.
Through foretell setting, avoided the water level to hang down the steam yield who causes and hang down and the steam pocket 11 dry combustion method, caused the damage of steam pocket 11 and produced the incident, on the other hand, avoided because the water level is too high and the water yield that causes is too big, realizes the intelligent control of water level.
Through the optimization of above-mentioned water level and valve aperture, the invariant of realization water level that can be quick improves steam output rate, saves time.
(IV) controlling heating power according to drum pressure
Presetting a target pressure of a steam drum pressure, wherein the target pressure is stored in a central processing unit; the steam drum 11 is provided with a first pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the steam drum 11; the first pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the pressure data, compares the pressure data with the preset target pressure, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater 13.
Preferably, the controller controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be increased if the pressure data measured by the first pressure sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be decreased if the pressure data measured by the first pressure sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value. In this case it is indicated that the temperature of the generated steam is higher or lower than actually necessary, and therefore it is necessary to reduce or increase the heating power of the steam generating apparatus 1.
Through so setting up, can come the regulation heating power according to the pressure in the steam pocket 11 to guarantee under the condition of maximize steam output, guarantee steam generator's safety.
The pressure sensor is arranged at the upper part of the box body.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is a plurality of pressure sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating device according to the pressure data measured by the plurality of pressure sensors.
(V) valve control of outlet steam pressure
Presetting a target pressure of outlet steam pressure, wherein the target pressure is stored in a central processing unit; a second pressure sensor is arranged at the position of the steam outlet 6 and used for measuring the pressure of the steam outlet; the second pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the second pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the pressure data, compares the pressure data with the preset target pressure, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve.
If the pressure measured by the second pressure sensor is lower than the first pressure, the controller controls the closing of the water inlet valve; and if the pressure measured by the pressure sensor is higher than the second pressure, the controller controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve to be maximum. This situation indicates that the generated steam cannot meet the minimum pressure requirement of the actual demand at the first pressure, and the steam generating device 1 needs to be heated at this time to avoid the entry of cold water. Under the second pressure, the generated steam pressure is too high and exceeds the actually required pressure, and at the moment, the steam generating device does not need to be heated and needs water to enter cold water for pressure cooling.
Preferably, the controller controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve to be decreased if the pressure data measured by the pressure sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the opening degree of the water inlet valve to be increased if the pressure data measured by the pressure sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value. In this case it is shown that the steam pressure generated is higher or lower than actually necessary, and therefore it is necessary to increase or decrease the steam pressure by reducing or increasing the water entering the steam generating apparatus 1.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is a plurality of pressure sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating device according to the pressure data measured by the plurality of pressure sensors.
(VI) heating power control of outlet steam pressure
Presetting a target pressure of outlet steam pressure, wherein the target pressure is stored in a central processing unit; a second pressure sensor is arranged at the position of the steam outlet 6 and used for measuring the pressure of the steam outlet; the second pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the pressure data, compares the pressure data with the preset target pressure, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater 13.
Preferably, the controller controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be increased if the pressure data measured by the pressure sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be decreased if the pressure data measured by the pressure sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value. In this case it is shown that the steam generated is higher or lower than actually necessary, and therefore it is necessary to reduce or increase the heating power of the steam generating apparatus 1.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is a plurality of pressure sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating device according to the pressure data measured by the plurality of pressure sensors.
(VII) steam flow control
Presetting a target flow of outlet steam flow, wherein the target flow is stored in a central processing unit; preferably, a flow sensor is arranged on the steam outlet pipeline and used for measuring the steam flow output in unit time, the flow sensor is connected with a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with a central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with a controller, the flow sensor transmits the detected flow to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the flow data, compares the flow data with a preset target flow, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater 13.
Preferably, if the measured steam flow is below a certain value, the controller controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be increased and the opening degree of the first valve 4 to be decreased. If the temperature measured by the flow sensor is higher than a certain value, the control controller controls the heating power of the electric heater 13 to be reduced.
Through so setting up, can adjust entering heating power according to the steam quantity that steam generating device produced, guarantee the invariant of steam output quantity, avoid quantity too big or undersize, cause steam quantity not enough or extravagant, simultaneously can the energy saving.
It should be noted that the heating power of the electric heater is the average power of the entire heating time.
As shown in fig. 1-2, an electric heater 13 is disposed in the first header tank 2; the first channel box 2 is filled with phase-change fluid; the number of the coil pipes 1 is one or more, each coil pipe 1 comprises a plurality of circular arc-shaped pipe bundles 12, the central lines of the circular arc-shaped pipe bundles 12 are circular arcs taking the first pipe box 2 as a concentric circle, the end parts of the adjacent pipe bundles 12 are communicated, and fluid forms serial flow between the first pipe box 2 and the second pipe box 8, so that the end parts of the pipe bundles form free ends 3 and 4 of the pipe bundles; the fluid is phase-change fluid, vapor-liquid phase-change liquid, the electric heating device is in data connection with the controller, and the controller controls the heating power of the electric heating device to periodically change along with the change of time.
Preferably, the first and second headers 2 and 8 are provided along a height direction.
It has been found in research and practice that continuous power-stable heating of the electric heater results in a stable fluid formation of the internal electric heating means, i.e. the fluid is not flowing or has little fluidity, or the flow is stable, resulting in a greatly reduced vibrational performance of the coil 1, thereby affecting the efficiency of descaling and heating of the coil 1. There is therefore a need for an improvement to the electrical heating coil described above as follows.
Preferably, the heating power is a batch type heating method.
As shown in fig. 3, the heating power P of the electric heater varies regularly during one period time T as follows:
in a half period of 0-T/2, P ═ n, where n is a constant number in watts (W), i.e., the heating power remains constant;
p =0 in half period of T/2-T. I.e. the electric heater does not heat.
T is 50-80 minutes, with 4000W < n < 5000W.
Through the heating with the time variability, the fluid can be frequently evaporated, expanded and contracted in the elastic tube bundle, so that the vibration of the elastic tube bundle is continuously driven, and the heating efficiency and the descaling operation can be further realized.
Preferably, the electric heater 13 is provided in a plurality, each electric heater is independently controlled, and the number of the activated electric heaters is periodically changed along with the change of time.
Preferably, the number of the electric heaters is n, one electric heater is started at intervals of T/2n in one period T until the heaters are all started at the time of T/2n, and then one electric heater is stopped at intervals of T/2n until the heaters are all stopped at the time of T.
Preferably, the heating power of each electric heater is the same. The relationship diagram is shown in fig. 4.
Through the heating with the time variability, the fluid can be frequently evaporated, expanded and contracted in the elastic tube bundle, so that the vibration of the elastic tube bundle is continuously driven, and the heating efficiency and the descaling operation can be further realized.
Preferably, the electric heater is provided in a plurality of stages in the height direction, each stage is independently controlled, and the electric heater is sequentially started from the lower end in the height direction until all the stages are started in a half period T/2 along with the change of time, and then is sequentially turned off from the upper end in the following half period T/2 until all the stages are turned off.
That is, assuming that the electric heater is n segments, in a period T, every T/2n time, starting one segment from the lower end until all segments are started at T/2n time, and then every T/2n time, starting from the upper end, closing one segment until all segments are closed at T time.
Preferably, the heating power is the same for each section. The relationship diagram is shown in fig. 4.
The electric heater is started from the lower part upwards gradually, so that the fluid at the lower part is fully heated, a good natural convection is formed, the flow of the fluid is further promoted, and the elastic vibration effect is increased. Through the change of the heating power with time variability, the fluid can be frequently evaporated, expanded and contracted in the elastic tube bundle, so that the vibration of the elastic tube bundle is continuously driven, and the heating efficiency and the descaling operation can be further realized.
Preferably, the number of the electric heaters 13 is multiple, each electric heater 13 has different power, one or more electric heaters can be combined to form different heating powers, in the last half cycle, according to a time sequence, the single electric heater is started firstly, the single electric heater is independently started according to a sequence that the heating power is sequentially increased, then the two electric heaters are started, the two electric heaters are independently started according to a sequence that the heating power is sequentially increased, then the number of the started electric heating devices is gradually increased, and if the number is n, the n electric heaters are independently started according to a sequence that the heating power is sequentially increased; and ensuring that the heating power of the electric heating devices is increased in sequence until all the electric heaters are started finally. In the next half period, the single electric heater is not started independently according to the sequence that the heating power is increased sequentially, then the two electric heaters are not started, the two electric heaters are not started independently according to the sequence that the heating power is increased sequentially, then the number of the electric heaters which are not started is increased gradually, and if the number is n, the n electric heaters are not started independently according to the sequence that the heating power is increased sequentially; and (3) until all the electric heaters are not started, ensuring that the heating power of the electric heaters is reduced in sequence.
For example, the number of the electric heating devices is three, namely a first electric heating device D1, a second electric heating device D2 and a third electric heating device D3, and the heating powers are P1, P2 and P3, wherein P1< P2< P3, P1+ P2> P3; the sum of the first electric heating device and the second electric heating device is larger than that of the third electric heating device, the first, the second, the third, the first plus the second, the first plus the third, the second plus the third, then the first, the second and the third are started in sequence according to the time sequence, and the sequence of not starting in the next half period is the first, the second, the third, the first plus the second, the first plus the third, the second plus the third, then the first, the second and the third.
The heating power is gradually increased and decreased through the electric heater, the flowing of the fluid is further promoted, and the elastic vibration effect is increased. Through the change of the heating power with time variability, the fluid can be frequently evaporated, expanded and contracted in the elastic tube bundle, so that the vibration of the elastic tube bundle is continuously driven, and the heating efficiency and the descaling operation can be further realized.
Preferably, the heating power of the electric heating device is linearly increased in the first half period, and the heating power of the electric heating device is linearly decreased in the second half period, see fig. 6.
The linear variation of the heating power is achieved by a variation of the input current or voltage.
By arranging the plurality of electric heaters, the starting of the electric heaters with gradually increased quantity is realized, and the linear change is realized.
Preferably, the period is 50 to 300 minutes, preferably 50 to 80 minutes; the average heating power of the electric heating device is 2000-4000W.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the first pipe box 2 is smaller than that of the second pipe box 8, and the pipe diameter of the first pipe box 2 is 0.5-0.8 times of that of the second pipe box 8. Through the pipe diameter change of first pipe case and second pipe case, can guarantee that the fluid carries out the phase transition and in the internal time of first box short, get into the coil pipe fast, fully get into the heat transfer of second box.
Preferably, the connection position 9 of the coil pipe at the first header is lower than the connection position of the second header and the coil pipe. This ensures that steam can rapidly enter the second header upwards.
Preferably, the first and second headers are provided with return lines at their bottoms to ensure that condensed fluid in the second header can enter the first line.
Preferably, the first and second headers are arranged in a height direction, the coil pipe is provided in plural numbers in the height direction of the first header, and a pipe diameter of the coil pipe is gradually reduced from top to bottom.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the coil pipe is gradually decreased and gradually increased along the direction from the top to the bottom of the first pipe box.
The pipe diameter range through the coil pipe increases, can guarantee that more steam passes through upper portion and gets into the second box, guarantees that the distribution of steam is even in all coil pipes, further reinforces the heat transfer effect for whole vibration effect is even, and the heat transfer effect increases, further improves heat transfer effect and scale removal effect. Experiments show that better heat exchange effect and descaling effect can be achieved by adopting the structural design.
Preferably, the plurality of coils are arranged along the height direction of the first tube box, and the distance between the adjacent coils is increased from the top to the bottom.
Preferably, the distance between the coils increases along the height direction of the first header.
The interval range through the coil pipe increases, can guarantee that more steam passes through upper portion and gets into the second box, guarantees that the distribution of steam is even in all coil pipes, further reinforces the heat transfer effect for whole vibration effect is even, and the heat transfer effect increases, further improves heat transfer effect and scale removal effect. Experiments show that better heat exchange effect and descaling effect can be achieved by adopting the structural design.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the steam drum is a drum with a circular cross section, and a plurality of electric heating devices are arranged in the steam drum.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, one of the plurality of electric heating devices disposed in the steam drum is disposed at the center of the steam drum to become a central electric heating device, and the others are distributed around the center of the steam drum to become peripheral electric heating devices. Through the structural design, the fluid in the steam pocket can fully achieve the vibration purpose, and the heat exchange effect is improved.
Preferably, the heating power of the single peripheral electric heating means is smaller than the heating power of the central electric heating means. Through the design, the center reaches higher vibration frequency to form a central vibration source, so that the periphery is influenced, and better heat transfer enhancement and descaling effects are achieved.
Preferably, on the same horizontal heat exchange section, the fluid needs to achieve uniform vibration, and uneven heat exchange distribution is avoided. It is therefore necessary to distribute the amount of heating power among the different electric heating devices reasonably. Experiments show that the heating power ratio of the central electric heating device to the peripheral tube bundle electric heating device is related to two key factors, wherein one of the two key factors is the distance between the peripheral electric heating device and the center of the steam drum (namely the distance between the circle center of the peripheral electric heating device and the circle center of the central electric heating device) and the diameter of the steam drum. Therefore, the invention optimizes the optimal proportional distribution of the pulsating flow according to a large number of numerical simulations and experiments.
Preferably, the radius of the inner wall of the steam drum is N, the center of the central electric heating device is arranged at the center of the circular section of the steam drum, the distance between the center of the peripheral electric heating device and the center of the circular section of the steam drum is L, the centers of adjacent peripheral electric heating devices are respectively connected with the center of the circular section, the included angle formed by the two connecting lines is a, the heating power of the peripheral electric heating device is K2, and the heating power of a single central electric heating device is K1, so that the following requirements are met:
K1/K2= a-b Ln (N/L); ln is a logarithmic function;
a, b are coefficients, wherein 1.9819< a <1.9823,0.5258< b < 0.5264;
1.25< N/L <2.1；
1.6< K1/K2<1.9。
wherein 35 ° < a <80 °.
Preferably, the number of the four-side distribution is 4-5.
Preferably, N is 1600-2400 mm, preferably 2000 mm; l is 1200-2000 mm, preferably 1700 mm; the diameter of the heat exchange tube is 12-20 mm, preferably 16 mm; the outermost diameter of the pulsating coil is 300-. The diameter of the riser is 100-116 mm, preferably 108 mm, the height of the riser is 1.8-2.2 m, preferably 2 m, and the spacing between adjacent pulse tubes is 65-100 mm. Preferably around 80 mm.
The total heating power is preferably 6000-14000W, and more preferably 7500W.
Further preferably, a =1.9821 and b = 0.5261.
The steam outlet is arranged in the middle of the upper wall of the steam drum.
Preferably, the box body has a circular cross section, and is provided with a plurality of electric heating devices, wherein one electric heating device is arranged at the center of the circular cross section and the other electric heating devices are distributed around the center of the circular cross section.
The coils 1 are in one or more groups, each group of coils 1 comprises a plurality of circular arc-shaped tube bundles 12, the central lines of the circular arc-shaped tube bundles 12 are circular arcs of concentric circles, and the ends of the adjacent tube bundles 12 are communicated, so that the ends of the coils 1 form tube bundle free ends 3, 4, such as the free ends 3, 4 in fig. 2.
Preferably, the heating fluid is a vapor-liquid phase-change fluid.
Preferably, the first header 2, the second header 8, and the coil 1 are all of a circular tube structure.
Preferably, the tube bundle of the coil 1 is an elastic tube bundle.
The heat exchange coefficient can be further improved by arranging the tube bundle of the coil 1 with an elastic tube bundle.
Preferably, the concentric circles are circles centered on the center of the first header 2. I.e. the tube bundle 12 of the coil 1 is arranged around the centre line of the first tube box 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the tube bundle 12 is not a complete circle, but rather leaves a mouth, thereby forming the free end of the tube bundle. The angle of the arc of the mouth part is 65-85 degrees, namely the sum of the included angles b and c in figure 8 is 65-85 degrees.
Preferably, the ends of the tube bundle on the same side are aligned in the same plane, with the extension of the ends (or the plane in which the ends lie) passing through the median line of the first tube box 2.
Further preferably, the electric heater 13 is an electric heating rod.
Preferably, the first end of the inner tube bundle of the coil 1 is connected to the first tube box 2, the second end is connected to one end of the adjacent outer tube bundle, one end of the outermost tube bundle of the coil 1 is connected to the second tube box 8, and the ends of the adjacent tube bundles are connected to form a serial structure.
The plane in which the first end is located forms an angle c of 40-50 degrees with the plane in which the centre lines of the first and second headers 2, 8 are located.
The plane of the second end forms an angle b of 25-35 degrees with the plane of the centre lines of the first and second headers 2, 8.
Through the design of the preferable included angle, the vibration of the free end is optimal, and therefore the heating efficiency is optimal.
As shown in fig. 8, there are 4 tube bundles of coil 1, with tube bundles A, B, C, D in communication. Of course, the number is not limited to four, and a plurality of the connecting structures are provided as required, and the specific connecting structure is the same as that in fig. 8.
The number of the coil pipes 1 is multiple, and the plurality of coil pipes 1 are respectively and independently connected with the first pipe box 2 and the second pipe box 8, that is, the plurality of coil pipes 1 are in a parallel structure.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A steam generating device controlled by steam drum pressure comprises an electric heating device and a steam drum, wherein the electric heating device is arranged in the steam drum, the steam drum comprises a water inlet pipe and a steam outlet, and a first pressure sensor is arranged in the steam drum and used for measuring the pressure in the steam drum; the first pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the central processing unit, the central processing unit is connected with the controller, the first pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure to the central processing unit through the data acquisition unit, the central processing unit receives the pressure data, compares the pressure data with a preset target pressure, sends an instruction to the controller according to a comparison result, and the controller automatically controls the heating power of the electric heater; the electric heating device comprises a first channel box, a second channel box and a coil pipe, the coil pipe is communicated with the first channel box and the second channel box to form closed circulation of heating fluid, and the electric heater is arranged in the first channel box; filling phase-change fluid in the first channel; the number of the coil pipes is one or more, each coil pipe comprises a plurality of arc-shaped pipe bundles, the central lines of the arc-shaped pipe bundles are arcs taking the first pipe box as a concentric circle, and the end parts of the adjacent pipe bundles are communicated, so that the end parts of the pipe bundles form free ends of the pipe bundles; the electric heating device is characterized in that the heating fluid is phase-change fluid, the electric heating device is in data connection with a controller, the controller controls the change of the heating power of the electric heating device along with time, the heating power P of the electric heating device is heated in a half period within a period T, and the electric heating device is not heated in the half period.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller controls the heating power of the electric heater to be increased if the pressure data measured by the first pressure sensor is lower than a first value, and controls the heating power of the electric heater to be decreased if the pressure data measured by the first pressure sensor is higher than a second value, which is greater than the first value.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is a plurality of pressure sensors, and the controller controls the operation of the steam generating means according to the pressure data measured by the plurality of pressure sensors.
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