CN111981174A

CN111981174A - High-precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device

Info

Publication number: CN111981174A
Application number: CN202010813771.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 申展; 赵耀辉; 罗俊杰; 徐淑权; 卓毅; 易力; 刘帅; 刘宏彪
Original assignee: No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
Current assignee: No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
Priority date: 2020-08-13
Filing date: 2020-08-13
Publication date: 2020-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-13
Also published as: CN111981174B

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device which comprises an outer shell and an adjusting assembly, wherein a cavity is formed in the outer shell, the adjusting assembly is arranged in the cavity of the outer shell, and the adjusting assembly comprises a fixing piece, a first adjusting piece, a second adjusting piece, a first elastic piece and a second elastic piece. The invention provides a brand-new device for ventilation of the inside and the outside during storage, which effectively solves the problem caused by high humidity of the outside air by arranging the diaphragm for blocking water, and simultaneously ensures that the device has stable operation, smooth airflow, sensitive action and high precision by arranging the internal structure of the device, thereby ensuring that the device has good effect in practical use.

Description

High-precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of air pressure adjustment, in particular to a high-precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device.

Background

In various social operating activities, storage is an essential link for storage and transportation of articles. It is common to store fresh goods, foodstuffs, ore fines, industrial semi-finished products such as forged steel, weapons, etc.

The warehousing is not affected by the surrounding environment, and the common control indexes of the warehousing environment are the temperature and the humidity of the article environment, the oxygen concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration and the like, and the main reasons for the control indexes are chemical reactions such as corrosion and biological reactions of respiration. In some storage, the inert gas environment does not need to be specially maintained, and only normal gas exchange with the outside is needed, for example, storage of part of grains and storage of part of weapons on ships is needed, but the problem is also faced, namely influence on internal goods caused by high outside humidity, so that water blocking is necessary in the exchange of inside and outside gases.

The existing gas exchange devices are applied without considering the problem of high external humidity, so that the concentrated water vapor in the gas exchange enters the interior of the gas exchange device to cause goods damage, for example, the storage of weapons on ships and warships is the same, and the humidity in the marine environment is very high. In addition, the elastic part adopts a cylindrical straight cylinder type spring, which is easy to twist and further causes the blockage of the action; the air pressure bearing section is complex, and the air flow guide design has defects, so that the accuracy of the air pressure threshold is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, such as the inability to block water and the unreasonable structure of the air pressure balancing device, which results in the poor operation effect of the device, the present invention aims to provide a high-precision water-blocking air pressure balancing device.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device comprises an outer shell with a cavity formed inside and an adjusting assembly arranged in the cavity of the outer shell, wherein the adjusting assembly comprises a fixing piece, a first adjusting piece, a second adjusting piece, a first elastic piece and a second elastic piece;

the cavity of the outer shell comprises an inner end facing goods and an outer end facing the external environment, the inner end is provided with a membrane for blocking water and allowing air to pass through, and an annular boss is formed on the inner wall of the outer shell close to the outer end;

the fixing piece is arranged on one side, close to the outer end, of the diaphragm, the first adjusting piece is arranged on one side, close to the outer end, of the fixing piece, the first adjusting piece is in axial sliding fit with the outer shell, a first air chamber is formed between the fixing piece and the diaphragm, a second air chamber is formed between the fixing piece and the first adjusting piece, a third air chamber is formed between the first adjusting piece and the boss, a first air guide channel for communicating the first air chamber and the second air chamber is arranged between the first air chamber and the second air chamber, and a second air guide channel for communicating the second air chamber and the third air chamber is arranged between the second air chamber and the third air chamber; the second adjusting piece is arranged in the second air chamber, a first end of the second adjusting piece penetrates through the middle of the fixing piece, so that a corresponding end face faces the first air chamber to form a corresponding air pressure bearing face, the second adjusting piece is in axial sliding fit with the fixing piece, a second end of the second adjusting piece penetrates through the first adjusting piece and then extends into the boss, so that the corresponding end face faces the external environment to form a corresponding air pressure bearing face, and a gap is formed between the second end and the boss; the first elastic part and the second elastic part are both arranged in the second air chamber, the first elastic part is sleeved on the second elastic part, the head end of the first elastic part is connected to the first adjusting part, the tail end of the first elastic part is connected to the fixing part, the head end of the second elastic part is connected to the first adjusting part, the tail end of the second elastic part is connected to the second adjusting part, and the head end calibers of the first elastic part and the second elastic part are both larger than the tail end calibers, or the tail end calibers are both larger than the head end calibers; be provided with on the first regulating part and be used for sealed rubber circle, just first regulating part passes through first elastic component drive makes the rubber circle contradict the boss is in order to realize closing gas, the second regulating part passes through the drive of second elastic component makes the second end contradicts the rubber circle is in order to realize closing gas.

By adopting the basic scheme of the invention, firstly, the cavity in the outer shell machine is used as the space of the air flow, one end of the space is connected to the outside of the warehouse, the other end is connected to the inside of the warehouse, namely the mentioned inner end and outer end, and the air pressure balance between the outside of the warehouse and the inside of the warehouse is realized through the arrangement of the adjusting component. The basic principle of the adjusting assembly for adjusting the air pressure balance is as follows: when the stored internal air pressure is high, the internal air penetrates through the diaphragm, one part of the internal air enters the first air chamber and enters the second air guide channel through the first air guide channel, the other part of the internal air acts on an air pressure bearing surface of the second adjusting piece extending into the first air chamber, the second adjusting piece is driven to integrally press the second adjusting piece and move outwards and is separated from the rubber ring to form an air leakage gap, the air entering the second air chamber leaks outwards through the gap formed by the second adjusting piece and is decompressed until the internal air pressure and the external air pressure are balanced, and the second adjusting piece returns to be in close contact with the rubber ring under the action of the second elastic piece to close the air; when the external air pressure of the warehouse is higher, the external air pressure acts on the second adjusting piece to form a corresponding air pressure bearing surface towards the external environment, the second adjusting piece acts the pressure on the first adjusting piece through the rubber ring, the air pressure drives the first adjusting piece to move towards one side direction of the inside of the warehouse, and oppress first elastic component (because the corresponding one end on the second elastic component is connected to the second regulating part, and the one end that corresponds on the second regulating part and mounting sliding fit, therefore the second elastic component can not produce big resistance to first regulating part in this action), make the rubber circle on the first regulating part break away from the boss, form the gap of gas leakage, outside air enters into the second air chamber through the second air guide passageway after entering into the third air chamber, the rethread first air guide passageway enters into first air chamber, the rethread diaphragm enters into the inside of storage. Since the membrane has the effect of allowing air to pass through, but not moisture, the humidity of the air entering the warehouse interior is greatly reduced. The membrane plays a water-blocking role at the position; when inside and outside atmospheric pressure is balanced, for closing balanced state, first regulating part makes the rubber circle closely laminate to the boss under the effect of first elastic component on, realize closing of corresponding gap, the second regulating part closely laminates to the rubber circle under the effect of first elastic component, realizes closing of corresponding gap.

In the above basic scheme, the first elastic part and the second elastic part are sleeved on each other, and can be strictly coaxially arranged, and meanwhile, the first elastic part and the second elastic part are structurally formed into a structure with a large caliber and a small end, so that the elastic part can be prevented from being distorted, the stability of elastic action is improved, and the whole action can be prevented from being blocked.

Furthermore, a third air guide channel is arranged close to the first end, the third air guide channel is communicated with the first air chamber and the second air chamber, and the third air guide channel is close to the end face of the first end. In the present preferred, the third air guide channel is arranged to avoid air flow disturbance and enhance the operation stability of each part of the adjusting assembly.

Furthermore, a via hole is formed in the middle of the fixing piece; the second adjusting piece is T-shaped, one end of a small head is used as the first end, one end of a large head is used as the second end, an annular sleeve piece is fixedly sleeved outside the first end, and the sleeve piece is in axial sliding fit with the through hole; the periphery wall axial of external member is provided with a plurality of bar grooves, and this bar groove with the inner wall cooperation of via hole forms into the third air guide channel, it is a plurality of the bar groove is evenly arranged the periphery wall of external member. In this preferred embodiment, a specific structural form of the second adjusting member is provided, and a "T" shaped structure is adopted, and one end of the large head is used as a pressure bearing surface facing the outside to provide a sufficient pressure acting area. The air pressure bearing surface formed at one end of the small end has a smaller area relative to the whole first air chamber and the surface of the fixing piece facing the first air chamber, and can effectively improve the precision of air pressure action during air pressure action. Come with mounting sliding fit through setting up the external member, improve gliding stability on the one hand, fully avoided the contact of second regulating part with the mounting on the one hand, reduce interference and resistance. Set up the bar groove through the external member and form into third air guide channel to evenly arrange, processing and setting up the convenience on the one hand, on the other hand is through evenly arranging in order to improve the stability under the air current effect.

Further, the periphery wall axial of mounting is provided with a plurality of bar grooves, and this bar groove with the inner wall cooperation of shell body forms into first air guide channel, it is a plurality of the bar groove is evenly arranged the periphery wall of external member mounting. In this preferred, form into first air guide channel through processing the bar groove on the mounting, have processing and set up convenient advantage, simultaneously through evenly setting up all first air guide channels with the stability of assurance part under the air current effect.

Further, the periphery wall axial of first regulating part is provided with a plurality of bar grooves, and this bar groove with the inner wall cooperation of shell body forms into the second air guide passageway, it is a plurality of the bar groove is evenly arranged the periphery wall of first regulating part. In this preference, form into second air guide channel through processing the bar groove on first regulating part, have processing and set up convenient advantage, simultaneously through evenly setting up all second air guide channels with the stability of assurance part under the air current effect.

Further, the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece are conical springs. The conical springs are adopted as the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece in the optimization, the excellent performance of the springs is utilized, meanwhile, the arrangement is also convenient, and the operation is stable.

Further, a thin neck section is formed in the middle of the second adjusting piece, a through hole is formed in the middle of the first adjusting piece, the position of the thin neck section corresponds to the through hole, and the outer diameter of the thin neck section is smaller than that of the through hole. In the preferred embodiment, the second adjusting part is provided with a thin neck section corresponding to the through hole on the first adjusting part, so that the space surrounded by the corresponding parts is enlarged, and the interference between the first adjusting part and the second adjusting part in sliding is avoided.

Furthermore, one side of the thin neck section close to the first end is transited through a conical surface. The conical surface is arranged in the optimal selection, so that the assembly is convenient in use, and the smoothness of air flow is enhanced.

Further, the inner side edge of the boss is abutted against the rubber ring to achieve air closing, the inner side edge of the boss is in a convex arc surface shape, and correspondingly, the contact position of the rubber ring and the boss is also in a convex arc surface shape. In the present optimization, the convex surface structure is formed at the position where the boss and the rubber ring are contacted, so that the air-closing effect during contact extrusion is enhanced.

Further, the inner side edge of one end of the big head of the second adjusting part is abutted to the rubber ring to realize air closing, the inner side edge of one end of the big head is in a convex arc surface shape, and correspondingly, the contact part of the rubber ring and one end of the big head of the second adjusting part is also in a convex arc surface shape. In the present optimization, the convex surface structure is formed at the position where the boss and the rubber ring are contacted, so that the air-closing effect during contact extrusion is enhanced.

Has the advantages that: the invention has novel concept, reasonable design and convenient use, and provides a brand-new device for ventilation of the inside and the outside during storage, which effectively solves the problem caused by high outside air humidity by arranging the diaphragm for water resistance, and simultaneously ensures that the device has stable operation, smooth air flow, sensitive action and high precision by arranging the internal structure of the device, thereby ensuring that the device has good effect in practical use.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a high precision water blocking type air pressure balancing device has an outer case 100 having a cavity formed therein and an adjustment assembly 200 disposed in the cavity of the outer case 100, the adjustment assembly 200 including a fixing member 210, a first adjustment member 220, a second adjustment member 230, a first elastic member 240, and a second elastic member 250. By assembling the outer housing 100 and the adjustment assembly 200 into a whole, the outer housing 100 can be made of alloy material, which is cheap and easy to obtain. The fixing member 210, the first adjusting member 220 and the second adjusting member 230 of the adjusting assembly 200 may also be made of metal. The first elastic member 240 and the second elastic member 250 perform corresponding functions through their own elasticity, and may be a common spring, or other objects with elastic effects, such as objects made of polymer materials. The spring action of each spring element itself is the primary source of threshold for actuation of the device under pneumatic pressure. Specifically, the cavity of the outer casing 100 comprises an inner end 110 for facing towards the goods and an outer end 120 facing towards the external environment, the inner end 110 is covered with a membrane 300 which blocks water and allows the passage of gases, and an annular boss 130 is formed on the inner wall of the outer casing 100 close to the outer end 120. The membrane 300 is used as a water blocking film, and may be made of a polymer material in practical implementation, and the existing material has a material that blocks moisture and allows air to pass through, which is not described herein. The arrangement structure of the diaphragm 300 can be installed by forming an installation boss on the inner wall of the outer shell 100, and then the diaphragm is pressed and fixed by a pressure ring, and the pressure ring is in threaded fit with the inner wall of the outer shell 100. The fixing member 210 is disposed on a side of the membrane 300 near the outer end 120, the fixing member 210 may be disposed by disposing a mounting table in the outer case 100, the fixing member 210 is fixedly disposed in the outer case 100, and the contact portion of the fixing member 210 and the outer case 100 is airtight by filling an airtight material, such as a sealant. The first adjusting member 220 is disposed on one side of the fixing member 210 close to the outer end 120, and the first adjusting member 220 is in axial sliding fit with the outer shell 100 (as shown in fig. 1, the axial direction mentioned in this embodiment is a direction of a central axis in the drawing), in specific implementation, in order to ensure stability of linear sliding between the first adjusting member 220 and the outer shell 100, the first adjusting member may be implemented by providing a linear groove and a linear rail, and the stability of linear motion implemented by providing a linear groove and a linear rail in a matching manner is an existing structural process, and is not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a first air chamber 140 is formed between the fixing member 210 and the diaphragm 300, a second air chamber 150 is formed between the fixing member 210 and the first adjusting member 220, a third air chamber 160 is formed between the first adjusting member 220 and the boss 130, a first air guide channel 170 for communicating the first air chamber 140 and the second air chamber 150 is provided between the first air chamber 140 and the second air chamber 150, and a second air guide channel 180 for communicating the second air chamber 150 and the third air chamber 160 is provided between the second air chamber 150 and the third air chamber 160. As shown in fig. 1, the above respective air chambers are used for gas entry, forming a gas pressure difference, and pushing the component by the gas pressure difference. The air guide channels are arranged for communicating with the corresponding air chambers to form air flows under the action of air pressure, and the air flows gradually balance the air pressure in each air chamber. It should be noted that, through the optimized arrangement of the air chamber and the air guide channel in position and structure, the air flow can be smooth, and the smoothness of the air flow can greatly reduce the instability of each part caused by the interference of the air flow. Therefore, it is preferred that a third gas guide channel 270 is provided proximate first end 231, third gas guide channel 270 communicating between first gas chamber 140 and second gas chamber 150, third gas guide channel 270 being proximate the end face of first end 231. The stability of the airflow is further enhanced by arranging the third air guide channel 270, airflow disturbance is avoided, and instability of each part caused by the airflow is further avoided. The third air guide channel 270 is disposed proximate the first end 231 to improve the uniformity of the overall arrangement of the air guide channels. In the setting structure, preferably, the peripheral wall of the fixing member 210 is axially provided with a plurality of strip-shaped grooves, the strip-shaped grooves are matched with the inner wall of the outer casing 100 to form the first air guide channel 170, and the plurality of strip-shaped grooves are uniformly distributed on the peripheral wall of the kit fixing member 210. As shown, the first gas directing channel 170 may preferably be four. In the same way, preferably, the peripheral wall of the first adjusting member 220 is axially provided with a plurality of strip-shaped grooves, the strip-shaped grooves are matched with the inner wall of the outer shell 100 to form the second air guide channel 180, and the plurality of strip-shaped grooves are uniformly distributed on the peripheral wall of the first adjusting member 220. It should be noted that the second air guide passage 180 is formed by forming a rib on the outer peripheral wall of the first regulating member 220. The second adjusting member 230 is disposed in the second air chamber 150, and a first end 231 of the second adjusting member 230 passes through the middle of the fixing member 210, so that the corresponding end surface faces the first air chamber 140 to form a corresponding pressure bearing surface, the second adjusting member 230 is axially slidably engaged with the fixing member 210, a second end 232 of the second adjusting member 230 passes through the first adjusting member 220 and then extends into the boss 130, so that the corresponding end surface faces the external environment to form a corresponding pressure bearing surface, and the second end 232 forms a gap with the boss 130. When the device is operated, two ends of the second adjusting member 230 are used as force bearing surfaces respectively, so that the function and effect are realized through the air pressure. Based on this, it is preferable that a via hole 211 is formed at the middle of the fixing member 210; the second adjusting piece 230 is in a shape of a T, one end of a small head is used as a first end 231, one end of a large head is used as a second end 232, an annular sleeve member 233 is fixedly sleeved outside the first end 231, and the sleeve member 233 is axially matched with the through hole 211 in a sliding manner; the periphery wall axial of external member 233 is provided with a plurality of bar grooves, and this bar groove forms third air guide channel 270 with the inner wall cooperation of via hole 211, and the periphery wall of external member 233 is evenly arranged to a plurality of bar grooves. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the second adjusting member 230 has a structure in which one end has a small area and a high sensitivity when receiving air pressure, and the other end is disposed outside to serve as an effective pressure-bearing surface. The sliding arrangement of the sleeve 233 can also be matched by linear guides and linear guide slots to improve its stability and smoothness. It is further preferable that the middle portion of the second adjusting member 230 forms a narrow neck portion 234, the middle portion of the first adjusting member 220 forms a through hole, the narrow neck portion 234 is located corresponding to the through hole, the outer diameter of the narrow neck portion 234 is smaller than the through hole, and the narrow neck portion 234 is transited by a taper surface near the first end 231. The arrangement of the thin neck section 234 and the transition through the conical surface facilitate the assembly on the one hand, and on the other hand, the flow guide effect is good, and the air flow can be directly acted on the inner wall of one end of the big end of the second adjusting piece 220 after entering the second air chamber 150, as shown in fig. 1, the air flow is acted on the inner wall of one side of the second end 232 close to the second air chamber 150, and the air flow is pushed towards the outer direction, so that a larger acting area is provided for the air pressure acting from inside to outside, and the acting effect is enhanced. The tapered structure allows the air to flow more smoothly after passing through the third air guide channel 270 (as shown in fig. 1, the third air guide channel 270 is close to the tapered structure), and the smooth air flow helps to improve the precision of the device and the stability of the components.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the first elastic member 240 and the second elastic member 250 are both disposed in the second air chamber 150, the first elastic member 240 is sleeved on the second elastic member 250, the head end of the first elastic member 240 is connected to the first adjusting member 220, the tail end is connected to the fixing member 210, the head end of the second elastic member 250 is connected to the first adjusting member 220, the tail end is connected to the second adjusting member 230, and the head end calibers or the tail end calibers of the first elastic member 240 and the second elastic member 250 are both larger than the tail end calibers or both larger than the head end calibers; the first adjusting member 220 is provided with a rubber ring 260 for sealing, the first adjusting member 220 is driven by the first elastic member 240 to enable the rubber ring 260 to abut against the boss 130 to achieve air-tight, and the second adjusting member 230 is driven by the second elastic member 250 to enable the second end 232 to abut against the rubber ring 260 to achieve air-tight. Preferably, the first elastic member 240 and the second elastic member 250 are tapered springs. In the specific implementation process, the elastic part is preferably a conical spring, so that the use is convenient, and the operation is stable. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the tapered springs of the first elastic member 240 and the second elastic member 250 have a larger diameter end abutting against the first adjusting member 220 and a smaller diameter end abutting against the fixed member 210 and the sleeve member 233. A sleeve member 233 is connected to a first end 231 of second adjuster 230. The tapered spring is arranged such that the end surface of the first end 231 of the second adjusting member 230 is small and is pressed from the small end to the large end, and forms an inclined angle with the moving path, so that the spring is not easily twisted and is prevented from being jammed. As shown in fig. 1, for the arrangement of the first elastic member 240 and the second elastic member 250 on the first adjusting member 220, corresponding mesa and groove structures are provided on the inner wall of the first adjusting member 220 to ensure the stability of the arrangement of the elastic members. As shown in fig. 1, in the specific implementation, as a preferable technical solution, the inner side edge of the boss 130 is abutted against the rubber ring 260 to realize air-tight, and the inner side edge of the boss 130 is in a convex arc surface shape, and correspondingly, the contact part of the rubber ring 260 and the boss 130 is also in a convex arc surface shape. The inner side edge of the big end of the second adjusting member 230 abuts against the rubber ring 260 to realize air-closing, and the inner side edge of the big end is in a convex arc surface shape, and correspondingly, the contact part of the rubber ring 260 and the big end of the second adjusting member 230 is also in a convex arc surface shape.

Through the specific implementation mode, the scheme of the invention is used for air flow exchange between the inside and the outside in article storage, has the advantages of ingenious structural design, high precision, stable operation, water blocking effect and wide application in use, and is particularly suitable for storage of weapons on ships (sea surface humidity is high in environment, water is easy to enter in bumpy and surging, personnel are not easy to patrol and replace, and the like).

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A high-precision water-blocking air pressure balancing device is characterized in that: the adjusting device comprises an outer shell (100) with a cavity formed inside and an adjusting assembly (200) arranged in the cavity of the outer shell (100), wherein the adjusting assembly (200) comprises a fixing piece (210), a first adjusting piece (220), a second adjusting piece (230), a first elastic piece (240) and a second elastic piece (250);

the cavity of the outer shell (100) comprises an inner end (110) facing goods and an outer end (120) facing the external environment, the inner end (110) is covered and provided with a membrane (300) which blocks water and allows gas to pass through, and an annular boss (130) is formed on the inner wall of the outer shell (100) close to the outer end (120);

the fixing member (210) is arranged on one side of the membrane (300) close to the outer end (120), the first adjusting piece (220) is arranged on one side of the fixing piece (210) close to the outer end (120), the first adjusting piece (220) is axially matched with the outer shell (100) in a sliding way, a first air chamber (140) is formed between the fixed piece (210) and the diaphragm (300), a second air chamber (150) is formed between the fixing member (210) and the first adjusting member (220), a third air chamber (160) is formed between the first adjusting piece (220) and the boss (130), a first air guide channel (170) for communicating the first air chamber (140) with the second air chamber (150) is arranged between the first air chamber and the second air chamber, a second air guide channel (180) used for communicating the second air chamber (150) with the third air chamber (160) is arranged between the second air chamber and the third air chamber; the second adjusting member (230) is arranged in the second air chamber (150), a first end (231) of the second adjusting member (230) penetrates through the middle of the fixing member (210) so that the corresponding end surface faces the first air chamber (140) to form a corresponding air pressure bearing surface, the second adjusting member (230) is axially and slidably matched with the fixing member (210), a second end (232) of the second adjusting member (230) penetrates through the first adjusting member (220) and then extends into the boss (130) so that the corresponding end surface faces the external environment to form a corresponding air pressure bearing surface, and the second end (232) forms a gap with the boss (130); the first elastic part (240) and the second elastic part (250) are arranged in the second air chamber (150), the first elastic part (240) is sleeved on the second elastic part (250), the head end of the first elastic part (240) is connected to the first adjusting part (220), the tail end of the first elastic part is connected to the fixing part (210), the head end of the second elastic part (250) is connected to the first adjusting part (220), the tail end of the second elastic part is connected to the second adjusting part (230), the head end calibers of the first elastic part (240) and the second elastic part (250) are both larger than the tail end calibers, or the tail end calibers are both larger than the head end calibers; the first adjusting piece (220) is provided with a rubber ring (260) for sealing, the first adjusting piece (220) is driven by the first elastic piece (240) to enable the rubber ring (260) to abut against the boss (130) to achieve air closing, and the second adjusting piece (230) is driven by the second elastic piece (250) to enable the second end (232) to abut against the rubber ring (260) to achieve air closing.

2. A high precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a third air guide channel (270) is arranged close to the first end (231), the third air guide channel (270) is communicated with the first air chamber (140) and the second air chamber (150), and the third air guide channel (270) is close to the end face of the first end (231).

3. A high precision water blocking type air pressure balancing device according to claim 2, wherein: a through hole (211) is formed in the middle of the fixing piece (210); the second adjusting piece (230) is T-shaped, one end of a small head serves as the first end (231), one end of a large head serves as the second end (232), an annular sleeve piece (233) is fixedly sleeved outside the first end (231), and the sleeve piece (233) is in axial sliding fit with the through hole (211); the periphery wall axial of external member (233) is provided with a plurality of bar grooves, and this bar groove with the inner wall cooperation of via hole (211) forms into third air guide channel (270), it is a plurality of the bar groove evenly arranges the periphery wall of external member (233).

4. A high precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the peripheral wall of mounting (210) is provided with a plurality of bar grooves to the axial, and this bar groove with the inner wall cooperation of shell body (100) forms first air guide channel (170), and is a plurality of the bar groove is evenly arranged the peripheral wall of external member mounting (210).

5. A high precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the peripheral wall axial of first regulating part (220) is provided with a plurality of bar grooves, and this bar groove with the inner wall cooperation of shell body (100) forms into second air guide channel (180), it is a plurality of the bar groove is evenly arranged the peripheral wall of first regulating part (220).

6. A high precision water-blocking type air pressure balancing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first elastic member (240) and the second elastic member (250) are tapered springs.

7. A high precision water blocking type air pressure balancing device according to claim 3, wherein: the middle part of the second adjusting piece (230) forms a thin neck section (234), the middle part of the first adjusting piece (220) forms a through hole, the position of the thin neck section (234) corresponds to the through hole, and the outer diameter of the thin neck section (234) is smaller than that of the through hole.

8. A high precision water blocking type air pressure balancing device according to claim 7, wherein: the side of the neck section (234) close to the first end (231) is transited through a conical surface.

9. A high precision water blocking type air pressure balancing device according to claim 1 or 8, wherein: the inner side edge of the boss (130) is abutted against the rubber ring (260) to achieve air closing, the inner side edge of the boss (130) is in a convex arc surface shape, and correspondingly, the contact part of the rubber ring (260) and the boss (130) is also in a convex arc surface shape.

10. A high precision water blocking type air pressure balancing device according to claim 9, wherein: the inner side edge of one large end of the second adjusting piece (230) is abutted to the rubber ring (260) to achieve air closing, the inner side edge of one large end is in a convex arc surface shape, and correspondingly, the contact position of the rubber ring (260) and one large end of the second adjusting piece (230) is also in a convex arc surface shape.