CN111977927A - Sludge treatment method - Google Patents
Sludge treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111977927A CN111977927A CN202010810530.8A CN202010810530A CN111977927A CN 111977927 A CN111977927 A CN 111977927A CN 202010810530 A CN202010810530 A CN 202010810530A CN 111977927 A CN111977927 A CN 111977927A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a sludge treatment method, which comprises the following steps: (1) sludge fermentation: putting the sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH of the sludge to 6-7 by using a pH regulator, adding magnetotactic bacteria into the sludge for fermentation, stirring the mixture, and culturing and fermenting the mixture to obtain fermented sludge; (2) sludge conditioning: adding iron powder and H into the sludge fermented in the step (1)2O2(ii) a After fully stirring and reacting under the condition of periodic microwave irradiation, applying a magnetic field for magnetic separation to obtain magnetic particles and conditioned sludge; (3) sludge press filtration: and (3) pumping the conditioned sludge in the step (2) into a filter press for dehydration to obtain dehydrated sludge. The sludge treatment method of the invention combines magnetotactic bacteria fermentation-Fenton oxidation-microThe sludge is treated by wave radiation coupling, so that the sludge cracking rate is effectively improved, and the dehydration rate of the sludge is improved; and the solid content in the sludge is reduced, and the efficient sludge reduction is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sludge treatment, in particular to a sludge treatment method.
Background
The sludge is used as a product after sewage treatment, is the concentration of pollutants in the water treatment process, is a heterogeneous body consisting of microbial cell groups, organic debris, inorganic particles, colloidal sludge and the like, and is mainly characterized by high water content, high organic matter content, large volume, complex shape and difficult transportation; the large sludge treatment amount brings heavy burden to a sewage treatment plant; the treatment and disposal of the sludge occupy a prominent position in the sewage treatment of China; in the prior art, the high water content of the sludge is a key problem for restricting the sludge treatment;
the sludge contains water in different states, including free water, interstitial water, adsorbed water and surface bound water; the existing sludge dewatering method comprises the following steps: a sludge drying method and a sludge pyrolysis wall breaking method; the sludge drying technology generally adopts steam as a heat source, and adopts heat exchange, so that the energy consumption is high and the operation cost is high; and the high-temperature drying also has the risk of dust explosion; sludge thermal hydrolysis wall breaking is adopted, a high-temperature heat source is needed to heat the sludge, and the energy consumption is high; and the high-temperature heat source has potential safety hazard in actual production. Therefore, research and development of a sludge treatment process for improving the dehydration rate of the sludge, low treatment cost and environmental friendliness are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sludge treatment method, which combines magnetotactic bacterial fermentation, Fenton oxidation and microwave radiation to cooperatively treat sludge, improves the sludge cracking efficiency, obviously improves the sludge dewatering performance, and obtains magnetic particles through magnetic separation technology separation, thereby realizing sludge reduction and sludge resource utilization; the treatment cost of the sludge is reduced;
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a sludge treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge fermentation: putting the sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH of the sludge to 6-7 by using a pH regulator, adding magnetotactic bacteria into the sludge for fermentation, stirring the mixture, and culturing and fermenting the mixture to obtain fermented sludge;
(2) sludge conditioning: adding iron powder and H into the sludge fermented in the step (1)2O2(ii) a After fully stirring and reacting under the condition of periodic microwave radiation, applying a magnetic field for magnetic separation to obtain magnetic particles and conditioned sludge;
(3) sludge press filtration: pumping the conditioned sludge in the step (2) into a filter press for dehydration to obtain dehydrated sludge;
preferably, the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank in the step (1) is 30-35 ℃; the fermentation time is 5-6 days; the weight ratio of the magnetotactic bacteria to the oven-dried sludge is 4-5: 100;
preferably, the magnetotactic bacteria are cultured and domesticated growth-period magnetotactic bacteria; the method for culturing and domesticating magnetotactic bacteria comprises the following steps: separating the surface of the sludge to be treated by adopting a magnetotactic bacteria collector to obtain magnetotactic bacteria; inoculating the separated magnetotactic bacteria into a liquid culture medium, and culturing to obtain growth-period magnetotactic bacteria;
preferably, the liquid medium consists of the following components: 1L of liquid culture medium contains 150mg of ammonium acetate, 0.2mg of vitamin mixture, 60mg of ammonium citrate, 0.02mg of riboflavin, 45 mu mol of ferric sulfate, 35 mu mol of iron quinic acid and 50 mu mol of ferric citrate;
preferably, the stirring in the steps (1) and (2) is electrode stirring, wherein an electrode is inserted into the anaerobic fermentation tank to serve as a stirring rod, and alternating current is introduced into the electrode in the stirring process to generate a changing magnetic field; the stirring speed is 500-1000 r/min;
preferably, the iron powder and H in the step (2)2O2The weight ratio of the oven-dried sludge is 0.01: 10: 1000;
preferably, the microwave radiation period in the step (2) is 2-3 times/12 h; the microwave power is 100-130W for each radiation for 5-10 min;
preferably, the filter press in step (3) is a membrane filter press; the diaphragm structure of the diaphragm type filter press comprises a glass fiber layer, a calcium oxide layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride layer from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the surface of the diaphragm is provided with a convex structure; the raised structure is formed by a stacked calcium oxide layer;
preferably, the preparation method of the diaphragm comprises the following steps: coiling the glass fiber bundle into a spiral structure to form a glass fiber layer, and coating calcium oxide on the surface of the glass fiber layer to form a calcium oxide layer; coating a polyvinylidene fluoride film on the surface of the calcium oxide layer, and pressing to form a diaphragm;
preferably, the polyvinylidene fluoride is hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride;
magnetotactic bacteria are gram-negative bacteria, are obligate microaerobic, facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria, have negative oxygen-seeking characteristic, there are corpuscle granule chains of magnetosome that arrange along the long axis of thalli in the cell, coated by the membrane, can move directionally under the influence of magnetic field, adopt the electrode of alternating current as the stirring rod in the culturing process of magnetotactic bacteria, the electrode stirred produces the variable magnetic field, promote the growth of magnetotactic bacteria on the one hand, on the other hand improve the dispersibility of magnetotactic bacteria in the mud, can utilize organic matter in the mud as carbon source and nitrogen source to grow effectively and fully; the organic components in the sludge are taken as the nutrient components of the magnetotactic bacteria and are consumed by the magnetotactic bacteria, so that the amount of the sludge is reduced, and meanwhile, the magnetotactic bacteria generate magnetosomes, which is beneficial to the later-stage Fenton reaction and is taken as a wave-absorbing substance in microwave radiation; the wave absorbing capacity of the sludge is improved, and the utilization rate of microwaves is improved;
has the advantages that:
the sludge treatment method provided by the invention can obviously reduce the water content and solid content in the sludge, realizes the reduction treatment of the sludge, and reduces the water content in the sludge to 38.6% and the solid content in the sludge to 35.4% after the sludge with the water content of 98.6% is treated by the method.
The sludge is treated by adopting the magnetotactic bacteria fermentation, Fenton reagent oxidation and microwave radiation, so that the cracking efficiency of the sludge is improved, and the dehydration performance of the sludge is obviously improved; the original anaerobic/facultative anaerobic bacteria in the sludge also participate in the fermentation process in the magnetotactic bacteria fermentation process, and the magnetotactic bacteria and the facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria in the sludge consume organic components in the sludge together; in the microwave treatment, magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria absorb microwaves and convert the microwaves into heat; causing rupture of the bacterial cells; meanwhile, the magnetosome and the iron powder are jointly used as a catalyst of the Fenton reaction, so that the Fenton reaction is effectively enhanced; magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria are used as wave absorption assisting substances, so that the microwave absorption amount of sludge is increased, the microwave utilization rate is increased, and higher heat conversion is achieved under the condition of lower microwave radiation; the utilization rate of microwave energy is improved;
in the invention, magnetotactic bacteria fermentation process and Fenton reagent oxidation process are electromagnetically stirred, and the variable magnetic field generated in the electromagnetic stirring process promotes the movement of magnetotactic bacteria; in the fermentation process, magnetotactic bacteria are promoted to be uniformly dispersed in the sludge, and organic nutrient substances in the sludge are fully utilized; in the Fenton oxidation process, the magnetic field has the function of strengthening Fenton oxidation, so that the cracking effect of a Fenton reagent on sludge is improved;
the diaphragm in the diaphragm type filter press in the sludge treatment of the invention is composed of a three-layer structure, and comprises a glass fiber layer, a calcium oxide layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride layer from inside to outside in sequence, in the filter pressing process, the diaphragm not only performs physical extrusion dehydration on sludge, but also has good water absorption performance and chemical dehydration effect on the calcium oxide layer in the diaphragm, and releases heat in the reaction process, thereby being beneficial to the evaporation of water; the dehydration amount of the diaphragm type filter press is improved; the diaphragm also contains a convex structure formed by a calcium oxide layer; the contact area of the diaphragm and the sludge is increased by the convex structure, and the water absorption effect of the calcium oxide layer is improved; is beneficial to chemical water absorption; meanwhile, the calcium oxide after absorbing water has the effect of expanding the tympanic membrane, so that the ventilation quantity of high-pressure gas in the membrane is obviously reduced, and the energy consumption of the tympanic membrane is reduced;
in the Fenton reaction of the method, the decomposition speed of the hydrogen peroxide is controlled by periodic microwave radiation, the utilization rate of the hydrogen peroxide is improved, and the Fenton oxidation efficiency is improved;
the sludge treatment method can effectively reduce energy consumption; the sludge drying treatment time is shortened, the drying efficiency is improved, and the treatment cost is reduced;
the diaphragm in the sludge treatment method has good high temperature resistance, and the sludge with higher temperature after microwave radiation can be directly pumped into a diaphragm type filter press for filter pressing dehydration without cooling, thereby simplifying the process steps of sludge dehydration;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the diaphragm filter press according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a glass fiber layer in the membrane filter press according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
Example 1
A sludge treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge fermentation: putting the sludge with the water content of 95% into an anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH of the sludge to 6-7 by using a pH regulator, and adding magnetotactic bacteria into the sludge for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the magnetotactic bacteria is 4% of the weight of the absolutely dry sludge; stirring at the stirring speed of 500 r/min; fermenting at 30-35 deg.C for 5-6 days to obtain fermented sludge; wherein the magnetotactic bacteria are cultured and domesticated growth-period magnetotactic bacteria; the absolute dry sludge is obtained by heating sludge to be treated to constant weight at 105 ℃;
(2) sludge conditioning: adding iron powder and H into the sludge fermented in the step (1)2O2(ii) a Iron powder and H2O2The addition amounts of the magnetic particles and the conditioned sludge are respectively 0.01 per mill and 1 percent of the weight of the absolutely dry sludge, and the magnetic particles and the conditioned sludge are obtained by applying a magnetic field after the full stirring reaction is carried out at the stirring speed of 500r/min under the condition of periodic microwave radiation; the microwave radiation period is 6 h/time, each time of radiation is 5min, and the microwave power is 100W;
(3) sludge press filtration: pumping the conditioned sludge in the step (2) into a filter press for dehydration to obtain dehydrated sludge, wherein the water content of the obtained sludge is 42.4%, and the solid content is reduced by 28.7%; recovering the obtained magnetic particles for reuse;
the culture method of the magnetotactic bacteria comprises the following steps: separating the surface of the sludge to be treated by adopting a magnetotactic bacteria collector to obtain magnetotactic bacteria; inoculating the separated magnetotactic bacteria in a liquid culture medium (1L of the liquid culture medium contains 150mg of ammonium acetate, 0.2mg of vitamin mixture, 60mg of ammonium citrate, 0.02mg of riboflavin, 45 mu mol of ferric sulfate, 35 mu mol of iron quiniate and 50 mu mol of ferric citrate), and culturing to obtain the magnetotactic bacteria in the growth phase;
the stirring in the steps (1) and (2) is to insert two electrodes as stirring rods into the fermentation tank, and alternating current is introduced into the electrodes to generate a changing magnetic field; the stirring speed of the stirring rod is controlled, the change frequency of the magnetic field is controlled, and a proper environment is created for the growth of magnetotactic bacteria; meanwhile, the magnetic field promotes the uniform dispersion and the mobility of the magnetotactic bacteria in the sludge, fully utilizes organic nutrient substances in the sludge,
in the Fenton oxidation process, the changed magnetic field generated by electrode stirring promotes the uniform dispersion of the catalyst magnetic particles for Fenton oxidation, has the function of strengthening the Fenton oxidation, and improves the cracking function of the Fenton oxidation on sludge; the Fenton oxidation efficiency is improved;
the filter press in the step (3) is a diaphragm type filter press, the structure of a diaphragm in the diaphragm type filter press sequentially comprises a glass fiber layer, a calcium oxide layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride layer from inside to outside, and the surface of the diaphragm is provided with a convex structure; the stacking thickness of the calcium oxide layer in the convex structure is larger than that of the non-convex part; the cross-sectional view of the separator is shown in fig. 1, wherein 1 is a polyvinylidene fluoride layer; 2 is a calcium oxide layer; and 3 is a glass fiber layer.
The preparation method of the diaphragm comprises the following steps: coiling the glass fiber bundle into a spiral structure (as shown in figure 2) to form a glass fiber layer, and coating calcium oxide on the surface of the glass fiber layer to form a calcium oxide layer; coating hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride on the surface of the calcium oxide layer, and performing press molding to obtain a diaphragm;
the calcium oxide powder can also be dispersed in the compartments among the glass fiber bundles; the combination area of the calcium oxide layer and water in the sludge is increased, the adsorption effect on water is improved, the water absorption and heat release of the calcium oxide are beneficial to the evaporation of water, and the sludge disintegration is further improved, so that the dehydration amount of the sludge is increased;
the improved membrane type filter press of the embodiment has the advantages that the binding bands are arranged at the edges of the membranes, and the membranes are bound on the core plate through the binding bands; and after the diaphragm is saturated by water, taking down the diaphragm from the diaphragm core plate, splitting the diaphragm, removing and recovering the calcium oxide layer (calcium hydroxide) powder after water absorption in the inner layer of the diaphragm, repeatedly using the glass fiber layer and the polyvinylidene fluoride layer, and laminating after coating the calcium oxide layer again to manufacture the diaphragm.
Example 2
A sludge treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge fermentation: putting the sludge with the water content of 97.8% into an anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH of the sludge to 6-7 by using a pH regulator, and adding magnetotactic bacteria into the sludge for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the magnetotactic bacteria is 4.5% of the weight of the absolutely dry sludge; stirring at a stirring speed of 750 r/min; fermenting at 30-35 deg.C for 5-6 days to obtain fermented sludge; wherein the magnetotactic bacteria are cultured and domesticated growth-period magnetotactic bacteria; the absolute dry sludge is obtained by heating sludge to be treated to constant weight at 105 ℃;
(2) sludge conditioning: adding iron powder and H into the sludge fermented in the step (1)2O2(ii) a Iron powder and H2O2The addition amounts of the magnetic particles and the conditioned sludge are respectively 0.01 per mill and 1 percent of the weight of the absolutely dry sludge, and the magnetic particles and the conditioned sludge are obtained by applying a magnetic field after the full stirring reaction is carried out at a stirring speed of 750r/min under the condition of periodic microwave irradiation; the microwave radiation period is 4 h/time, each time of radiation is 7.5min, and the microwave power is 110W;
(3) sludge press filtration: pumping the conditioned sludge in the step (2) into a filter press for dehydration to obtain dehydrated sludge, wherein the water content of the obtained sludge is 40.7%, and the solid content is reduced by 30.8%; recovering the obtained magnetic particles for reuse;
the culture method of the magnetotactic bacteria comprises the following steps: separating the surface of the sludge to be treated by adopting a magnetotactic bacteria collector to obtain magnetotactic bacteria; inoculating the separated magnetotactic bacteria in a liquid culture medium (1L of the liquid culture medium contains 150mg of ammonium acetate, 0.2mg of vitamin mixture, 60mg of ammonium citrate, 0.02mg of riboflavin, 45 mu mol of ferric sulfate, 35 mu mol of iron quiniate and 50 mu mol of ferric citrate), and culturing to obtain the magnetotactic bacteria in the growth phase;
the stirring in the steps (1) and (2) is to insert two electrodes as stirring rods into the fermentation tank, and alternating current is introduced into the electrodes to generate a changing magnetic field; the stirring speed of the stirring rod is controlled, the change frequency of the magnetic field is controlled, and a proper environment is created for the growth of magnetotactic bacteria; meanwhile, the magnetic field promotes the uniform dispersion and the mobility of the magnetotactic bacteria in the sludge, fully utilizes organic nutrient substances in the sludge,
in the Fenton oxidation process, the changed magnetic field generated by electrode stirring promotes the uniform dispersion of the catalyst magnetic particles for Fenton oxidation, has the function of strengthening the Fenton oxidation, and improves the cracking function of the Fenton oxidation on sludge; the Fenton oxidation efficiency is improved;
the filter press in the step (3) is a diaphragm type filter press, the structure of a diaphragm in the diaphragm type filter press sequentially comprises a glass fiber layer, a calcium oxide layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride layer from inside to outside, and the surface of the diaphragm is provided with a convex structure; the stacking thickness of calcium oxide in the convex structure is larger than that of the part which is not convex; the cross-sectional view of the separator is shown in fig. 1, wherein 1 is a polyvinylidene fluoride layer; 2 is a calcium oxide layer; and 3 is a glass fiber layer.
The preparation method of the diaphragm comprises the following steps: coiling the glass fiber bundle into a spiral structure (as shown in figure 2) to form a glass fiber layer, and coating calcium oxide on the surface of the glass fiber layer to form a calcium oxide layer; coating hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride on the surface of the calcium oxide layer, and performing press molding to obtain a diaphragm;
the calcium oxide powder can also be dispersed in the compartments among the glass fiber bundles; the combination area of the calcium oxide layer and water in the sludge is increased, the adsorption effect on the water is improved, the water absorption and heat release of the calcium oxide are beneficial to the evaporation of water, and the sludge disintegration is further improved.
The diaphragm in the diaphragm type filter press adopted in the embodiment can be detached, the diaphragm is taken down from the diaphragm core plate after the diaphragm absorbs water and is saturated, the diaphragm is detached, the powder of a calcium oxide layer (calcium hydroxide) after the water absorption in the inner layer of the diaphragm is removed and recovered, the glass fiber layer and the polyvinylidene fluoride layer can be reused, and the diaphragm is manufactured by laminating after the calcium oxide layer is coated again;
example 3
A sludge treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sludge fermentation: putting the sludge with the water content of 98.6% into an anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH of the sludge to 6-7 by using a pH regulator, and adding magnetotactic bacteria into the sludge for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the magnetotactic bacteria is 5% of the weight of the absolutely dry sludge; simultaneously stirring at the stirring speed of 1000 r/min; fermenting at 30-35 deg.C for 5-6 days to obtain fermented sludge; wherein the magnetotactic bacteria are cultured and domesticated growth-period magnetotactic bacteria; the absolute dry sludge is obtained by heating sludge to be treated to constant weight at 105 ℃;
(2) sludge conditioning: adding iron powder and H into the sludge fermented in the step (1)2O2(ii) a Iron powder and H2O2Are added in absolute dry amounts0.01 per mill and 1 percent of the weight of the sludge are fully stirred and reacted at the stirring speed of 1000r/min under the condition of periodic microwave irradiation, and then a magnetic field is applied for magnetic separation to obtain magnetic particles and conditioned sludge; the microwave radiation period is 4 h/time, each time of radiation is 10min, and the microwave power is 130W;
(3) sludge press filtration: pumping the conditioned sludge in the step (2) into a filter press for dehydration to obtain dehydrated sludge, wherein the water content of the obtained sludge is 38.6%, and the solid content is reduced by 35.4%; recovering the obtained magnetic particles for reuse;
the culture method of the magnetotactic bacteria comprises the following steps: separating the surface of the sludge to be treated by adopting a magnetotactic bacteria collector to obtain magnetotactic bacteria; inoculating the separated magnetotactic bacteria in a liquid culture medium (1L of the liquid culture medium contains 150mg of ammonium acetate, 0.2mg of vitamin mixture, 60mg of ammonium citrate, 0.02mg of riboflavin, 45 mu mol of ferric sulfate, 35 mu mol of iron quiniate and 50 mu mol of ferric citrate), and culturing to obtain the magnetotactic bacteria in the growth phase;
the stirring in the steps (1) and (2) is to insert two electrodes as stirring rods into the fermentation tank, and alternating current is introduced into the electrodes to generate a changing magnetic field; the stirring speed of the stirring rod is controlled, the change frequency of the magnetic field is controlled, and a proper environment is created for the growth of magnetotactic bacteria; meanwhile, the magnetic field promotes the uniform dispersion and the mobility of the magnetotactic bacteria in the sludge, fully utilizes organic nutrient substances in the sludge,
in the Fenton oxidation process, the changed magnetic field generated by electrode stirring promotes the uniform dispersion of the catalyst magnetic particles for Fenton oxidation, has the function of strengthening the Fenton oxidation, and improves the cracking function of the Fenton oxidation on sludge; the Fenton oxidation efficiency is improved;
the filter press in the step (3) is a diaphragm type filter press, the structure of a diaphragm in the diaphragm type filter press sequentially comprises a glass fiber layer, a calcium oxide layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride layer from inside to outside, and the surface of the diaphragm is provided with a convex structure; the stacking thickness of the calcium oxide layer in the convex structure is larger than that of the part which is not convex; the schematic cross-sectional structure of the diaphragm is shown in fig. 1, wherein 1 is a polyvinylidene fluoride layer; 2 is a calcium oxide layer; and 3 is a glass fiber layer.
The preparation method of the diaphragm comprises the following steps: coiling the glass fiber bundle into a spiral structure (as shown in figure 2) to form a glass fiber layer, and coating calcium oxide on the surface of the glass fiber layer to form a calcium oxide layer; coating hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride on the surface of the calcium oxide layer, and performing press molding to obtain a diaphragm;
the calcium oxide powder can also be dispersed in the compartments among the glass fiber bundles; the combination area of the calcium oxide layer and water in the sludge is increased, the adsorption effect on the water is improved, the water absorption and heat release of the calcium oxide are beneficial to the evaporation of water, and the sludge disintegration is further improved.
The diaphragm in the diaphragm type filter press adopted in the embodiment can be detached, the diaphragm is taken down from the diaphragm core plate after the diaphragm absorbs water and is saturated, the diaphragm is detached, the powder of a calcium oxide layer (calcium hydroxide) after the water absorption in the inner layer of the diaphragm is removed and recovered, the glass fiber layer and the polyvinylidene fluoride layer can be reused, and the diaphragm is manufactured by laminating after the calcium oxide layer is coated again;
example 4
The influence of the stirring speed on the water content and the solid content in the treated sludge is discussed
The sludge with the water content of 98.6 percent is treated by the method of example 3, the stirring speeds in the step (2) and the step (3) are controlled, the sludge is stirred at different stirring speeds, the water content and the reduction amount of the solid content in the finally treated sludge are tested, and the results are recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Stirring speed (r/min) | Water content (%) | Solid content reduction (%) |
| 100 | 50.3 | 11.2 |
| 300 | 45.9 | 13.4 |
| 500 | 42.3 | 18.9 |
| 700 | 41.8 | 24.1 |
| 900 | 40.3 | 29.6 |
| 1000 | 38.6 | 35.4 |
| 1100 | 37.6 | 33.4 |
| 1200 | 39.8 | 30.2 |
As can be seen from Table 1, when the stirring speed is 100-1200r/min, the water content in the sludge is reduced and the reduction of the solid content is increased along with the increase of the stirring speed; when the stirring speed reaches 1000r/min, the reduction of the solid content reaches the maximum, when the stirring speed is increased, the water content in the treated sludge basically does not change greatly, but the reduction of the solid content in the sludge is reduced, and the analysis reason is that the stirring speed influences the change frequency of a magnetic field to influence the growth of magnetotactic bacteria, and the magnetic particles influence the catalytic action of Fenton oxidation to further influence the disintegration of the sludge; finally, the water content and the solid content in the treated sludge are influenced; therefore, under the condition of ensuring higher sludge dewatering capacity, the invention preferably controls the stirring speed to be 500-1000r/min by comprehensively considering energy consumption.
Comparative example 1
The sludge treatment method in the comparative example 1 is basically the same as that in the example 3, except that the stirring in the step (1) and the step (2) is performed by conventional mechanical stirring at the same stirring speed, the water content in the treated sludge is 66.3%, and the solid content in the sludge is reduced by 10.7%; and the amount of magnetic particles obtained by final magnetic separation and recovery is less than that of the embodiment 3;
comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the same sludge treatment method as in example 3 except that microwave irradiation was not performed when fenton oxidation was performed in the sludge conditioning in step (2); the water content in the treated sludge is 60.8 percent; the solid content in the sludge is reduced by 14.6 percent;
comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 the sludge treatment method of example 3 was the same, except that the diaphragm of the diaphragm filter press used in the sludge filter press of step (3) was a pure polyvinylidene fluoride membrane; the water content in the treated sludge is 58.5 percent; the solid content in the sludge was reduced by 21.9%.
In conclusion, the sludge is treated by adopting the magnetotactic bacterial fermentation-Fenton oxidation-microwave radiation integrated synergistic treatment method, so that the dehydration performance of the sludge can be obviously improved, the water content of the treated sludge is reduced, and the sludge reduction effect is achieved; the invention also improves the diaphragm of the diaphragm type filter press, and the diaphragm obtained by compounding the glass fiber layer, the calcium oxide layer and the polyvinylidene fluoride layer is used for filter pressing treatment of sludge, so that the dehydration amount of the sludge is obviously improved;
finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The sludge treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sludge fermentation: putting the sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, adjusting the pH of the sludge to 6-7 by using a pH regulator, adding magnetotactic bacteria into the sludge for fermentation, stirring the mixture, and culturing and fermenting the mixture to obtain fermented sludge;
(2) sludge conditioning: adding iron powder and H into the sludge fermented in the step (1)2O2(ii) a After fully stirring and reacting under the condition of periodic microwave radiation, applying a magnetic field for magnetic separation to obtain magnetic particles and conditioned sludge;
(3) sludge press filtration: and (3) pumping the conditioned sludge in the step (2) into a filter press for dehydration to obtain dehydrated sludge.
2. The sludge treatment method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in the fermentation tank in the step (1) is 30 to 35 ℃; the fermentation time is 5-6 days; the weight ratio of the magnetotactic bacteria to the oven-dried sludge is 4-5: 100.
3. The sludge treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the magnetotactic bacteria are cultured and acclimated magnetotactic bacteria in a growth phase; the method for culturing and domesticating magnetotactic bacteria comprises the following steps: separating the surface of the sludge to be treated by adopting a magnetotactic bacteria collector to obtain magnetotactic bacteria; inoculating the separated magnetotactic bacteria into a liquid culture medium, and culturing to obtain the magnetotactic bacteria in the growth phase.
4. The sludge treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the liquid medium is composed of: the liquid culture medium 1L contains ammonium acetate 150mg, vitamin mixture 0.2mg, ammonium citrate 60mg, riboflavin 0.02mg, ferric sulfate 45 μmol, ferric quiniate 35 μmol, and ferric citrate 50 μmol.
5. The sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring in the steps (1) and (2) is electrode stirring by inserting an electrode as a stirring rod into the anaerobic fermentation tank and passing an alternating current through the electrode during the stirring to generate a changing magnetic field; the stirring speed is 500-1000 r/min.
6. The sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the iron powder and H in the step (2)2O2The weight ratio of the oven-dried sludge is 0.01: 10: 1000.
7. The sludge treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the microwave irradiation period in the step (2) is 2 to 3 times/12 hours; the microwave power is 100-130W for each irradiation for 5-10 min.
8. The method of sludge treatment according to claim 1, wherein the filter press is a membrane filter press; the diaphragm structure of the diaphragm type filter press comprises a glass fiber layer, a calcium oxide layer and a polyvinylidene fluoride layer from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the surface of the diaphragm is provided with a convex structure; the raised structure is formed by a stacked calcium oxide layer.
9. The sludge treatment method according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the diaphragm comprises: coiling the glass fiber bundle into a spiral structure to form a glass fiber layer, and coating calcium oxide on the surface of the glass fiber layer to form a calcium oxide layer; and coating polyvinylidene fluoride on the surface of the calcium oxide layer to form a polyvinylidene fluoride layer.
10. The sludge treatment method according to claim 8, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride is hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride.
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