CN111976904A - Auxiliary ice breaking power system and ice breaking method for icebreaker - Google Patents
Auxiliary ice breaking power system and ice breaking method for icebreaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN111976904A CN111976904A CN202010834974.5A CN202010834974A CN111976904A CN 111976904 A CN111976904 A CN 111976904A CN 202010834974 A CN202010834974 A CN 202010834974A CN 111976904 A CN111976904 A CN 111976904A
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- ice
- propeller
- power distribution
- ice breaking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63B35/083—Ice-breakers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide an auxiliary ice breaking power system of an icebreaker and an ice breaking method, and the auxiliary ice breaking power system comprises a ship body, a main push engine and an auxiliary ice breaking engine, wherein the main push engine and the auxiliary ice breaking engine are both arranged in the ship body, the main push engine is connected with a propeller, the auxiliary ice breaking engine is connected with a power distribution gear box, the power distribution gear box is connected with output shafts of a first power distribution gear box and a third power distribution gear box, the output shaft of the first power distribution gear box is connected with a first front backing propeller, the output shaft of the second power distribution gear box is connected with a second front backing propeller, and the output shaft of the third power distribution gear box is connected with a. The invention can realize double-propeller differential steering, is matched with a steering engine to solve the problem that the steering of the ice breaker in a thicker ice layer is difficult and the response is slow, increases the ice breaking range of the bow, lifts the fan to provide upward thrust for the bow, is beneficial to crushing the ice layer on the bow by utilizing the self gravity, and lifts the bow to improve the lifting height so as to increase the impact force when the ice breaker breaks ice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ship, in particular to an icebreaker.
Background
The icebreaker is used as a main vehicle for navigation in an ice region, is used for breaking an ice layer, opening up a channel, and ensuring that a ship can enter and exit a frozen port and an anchoring ground or guide the ship to navigate in the ice region.
The general ship propulsion system can only propel a ship to advance, while an icebreaker needs frequent forward and backward driving, if a controllable pitch propeller is adopted, the design difficulty of the controllable pitch propeller under polar climate conditions is higher, and a transmission mechanism and an operating mechanism of the controllable pitch propeller are influenced by low temperature conditions, so that the controllable pitch propeller is more complex and difficult to maintain and repair.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an auxiliary icebreaking power system of an icebreaker, which can solve the problems of slow response of frequent forward and backward movement, poor working characteristics of an engine and the like when the icebreaker is used for reciprocating icebreaking.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to an auxiliary ice-breaking power system of an icebreaker, which is characterized in that: the ship comprises a ship body, a main push engine and an auxiliary ice breaking engine, wherein the main push engine and the auxiliary ice breaking engine are both installed in the ship body, the main push engine is connected with a propeller, the auxiliary ice breaking engine is connected with a power distribution gear box, the power distribution gear box is connected with output shafts of a first power distribution gear box and a third power distribution gear box, an output shaft of the first power distribution gear box is connected with a first clutch gearbox, the first clutch gearbox is connected with a first front backing propeller, an output shaft of the second power distribution gear box is connected with a second clutch gearbox, the second clutch gearbox is connected with a second front backing propeller, an output shaft of the third power distribution gear box is connected with a lifting fan, and the lifting fan is arranged in a.
The auxiliary ice-breaking power system of the ice-breaker can also comprise:
1. the first control motor is connected with the first anti-icing baffle and controls the first anti-icing baffle to rotate 90 degrees to realize the opening and closing of the first anti-icing baffle, the first anti-icing baffle is positioned in front of the first front backing propeller, the second control motor is connected with the second anti-icing baffle and controls the second anti-icing baffle to rotate 90 degrees to realize the opening and closing of the second anti-icing baffle, and the second anti-icing baffle is positioned in front of the second front backing propeller.
2. The third power distribution gearbox output shaft is arranged between the first power distribution gearbox output shaft and the second power distribution gearbox output shaft, the first power distribution gearbox output shaft and the second power distribution gearbox output shaft are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode relative to the third power distribution gearbox output shaft, and the first front reverse propeller and the second front reverse propeller are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode relative to the third power distribution gearbox output shaft.
The invention relates to an ice breaking method of an icebreaker comprising an auxiliary ice breaking power system, which is characterized in that: the icebreaker auxiliary icebreaking power system of claim 1;
the hull ice breaking mode comprises continuous ice breaking and reciprocating ice breaking;
when the ice is continuously broken, the main pushing engine provides power, the power is transmitted to the propeller to push the ship body to move forward, the ice layer is directly crushed in the forward process of the ship body, and the auxiliary ice breaking engine does not work;
when the reciprocating type ice breaking is performed, the inertia of the ship body during running is utilized, so that the ship bow of the ship body is flushed with the ice surface to crush the ice layer by utilizing the self gravity of the ship body, then the ship body backs up, and then the ice layer is flushed to crush the ice layer, and the steps are repeated in a circulating manner; in the process, the auxiliary ice breaking engine works to keep 100% load operation, the auxiliary ice breaking engine inputs power to the power distribution gear box through an input shaft of the power distribution gear box, the first anti-icing baffle and the second anti-icing baffle are opened, the first front reverse propeller and the second front reverse propeller work to generate backward thrust, the forward ice layer is pressed on the ship bow of the ship body to break ice by using self gravity, the first front reverse propeller and the second front reverse propeller generate backward thrust to counteract the thrust generated by the rotation of the propeller driven by a part of the main thrust engine, so that the total forward thrust of the ship body is reduced, the impact of collision of the ice surface and the ice breaking ship is reduced, meanwhile, an output shaft of the third power distribution gear box drives the lifting fan to rotate, the upward thrust is obtained at the ship bow, the impact of ice breaking by using self gravity is increased, and the first ice breaking of the reciprocating type ice breaking is completed, starting backing up for next ice breaking; in the reversing process, the fuel injection quantity of the main propulsion engine is reduced to enable the main propulsion engine to run with partial load, the first front reversing propeller and the second front reversing propeller provide 100% of thrust, and the thrust of the propellers is smaller than that of the first front reversing propeller and the second front reversing propeller to realize the reversing of the ship body while the main propulsion engine does not need to be stopped and restarted; after backing, the main pushing engine runs at 100% load, the thrust provided by the first front backing propeller and the second front backing propeller is reduced, the thrust of the propellers is ensured to be greater than the thrust of the first front backing propeller and the second front backing propeller so as to realize that the ship body advances, next ice adhesion is prepared, the first ice breaking process is repeated, and the reciprocating work is carried out until ice breaking is completed.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. when the ice layer is thick and can not be directly broken through impact, the ice layer is crushed by the self weight of the ice breaker, at the moment, the front backing propeller starts to operate to offset part of the thrust of the main thrust system so as to reduce the impact of the ice breaker during ice adhesion, so that the ice adhesion is more stable, the lifting fan is matched to assist the higher lifting of the bow of the ice breaker, and the impact force of the bow on the ice layer is increased.
2. When the ice layer is thick, the ice breaker which continuously runs can not break ice, reciprocating ice breaking is needed, the ice breaker needs to frequently go forward and back, the ice breaker backs a car through the front-mounted backing propeller, the main push engine does not need to stop and then start in the backing process, and only partial load operation is needed, so that backward thrust generated by the front-mounted backing propeller is larger than forward thrust of the main push propeller, the ice breaker can normally back the car.
3. When the icebreaker needs to change the bow direction on a thicker ice layer to increase the ice breaking width of the bow, the two clutch gearboxes which are symmetrical left and right can be positioned at different transmission ratios to realize the differential steering function of the front backing propellers which are symmetrical left and right.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the anti-icing barrier.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1-3, the power distribution type lifting boat comprises a boat body 1, wherein the boat body 1 comprises two power systems which are an auxiliary ice breaking power system and a main driving force system respectively, the auxiliary ice breaking power system is powered by an auxiliary ice breaking engine 8, the output power of the auxiliary ice breaking power system is input into a power distribution gear box 6 through a power distribution gear box input shaft 7, the power distribution gear box 6 comprises three power distribution gear box output shafts, the power distribution gear box output shafts comprise power distribution gear box output shafts 17 which are bilaterally symmetrical and are connected with a clutch gear box 16, the power distribution gear box output shafts are connected with front reversing propellers 14 which are bilaterally symmetrical through clutch gear box output shafts 15 after controllable speed change adjustment, and the third power distribution gear box output shaft 5 is meshed with a lifting fan 3 through a driving gear set 13 and a driven gear set.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, an anti-icing baffle 4 is arranged in front of the front reverse propeller 14, the baffle 21 is made of high-hardness low-temperature-resistant metal and is in threaded connection with a connecting shaft 22, the other end of the connecting shaft 22 is connected with an electric control motor 24, the electric control motor is controlled to work, so that the circular baffle 21 rotates 90 degrees to control the opening and closing of the baffle, and the sealing device 23 is used for sealing.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the forward backing propeller 14 is sealed by a sealing device 18, the lifting fan 3 is sealed by a sealing device 12, and the propeller 11 is sealed by a sealing device 19.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the main thrust power system comprises a main thrust engine 9 connected with a transmission shafting 10, the transmission shafting 10 is connected with a propeller 11, and a steering engine 20 is arranged behind the propeller.
The working principle of the invention is as follows with the attached drawings: the ice breaking method of the ice breaker is continuous and reciprocating, continuous ice breaking is adopted when the ice layer is thin, power is provided by a main push engine 9 at the moment, the power is transmitted to a propeller 11 through a transmission shaft system 10 to push the ship to move forward, the thin ice layer is directly crushed during the forward process of the ice breaker, an auxiliary ice breaking power system does not work at the moment, reciprocating ice breaking is needed when the ice layer is thick, namely, inertia during the running of the ship is utilized to enable the ice layer on the bow punch to be crushed by utilizing the gravity of the ship, the ice breaker is opened to the full horsepower to punch the ice layer to crush the ice layer after reversing for a certain distance, the circulation is repeated, when the ice breaker is used for breaking the ice layer, the auxiliary ice breaking engine 8 starts to work, during the whole ice breaking process, the auxiliary ice breaking engine 8 keeps 100% load operation to enable the ice breaking engine to always run at the optimal working condition point, the clutch gearbox 16 is used for adjusting the power output to a forward reversing propeller 14, in order to meet the requirements of different working conditions such as forward driving, reverse driving, differential steering and the like, the auxiliary ice-breaking engine 8 inputs power to the power distribution gearbox 6 through the power distribution gearbox input shaft 7, at the moment, the power distribution gearbox output shaft 17 which is bilaterally symmetrical and the power distribution gearbox output shaft 5 output power, meanwhile, the ice-proof baffle 4 is driven to be opened by the ship auxiliary engine generator, the clutch gearbox output shaft 15 which is bilaterally symmetrical drives the preposed reverse propeller 14 which is bilaterally symmetrical to work to generate backward thrust, because the ice layer is thick at the moment and can not be broken through impact, the icebreaker bow presses the front ice layer to break ice by self gravity, at the moment, the preposed reverse propeller 14 which is bilaterally symmetrical generates backward thrust to counteract the thrust generated by the main thrust engine 9 driving the propeller 11 to rotate, so that the total forward thrust of the ship is reduced, therefore, the impact of collision of the ice surface and the ice breaker is reduced, the ice breaker can be stably iced, meanwhile, the power distribution gearbox output shaft 5 drives the lifting fan 3 to rotate, an upward thrust is obtained at the bow of the ice breaker, the bow of the ice breaker can be lifted higher, the impact force of ice breaking by the self weight of the bow of the ice breaker is increased, the reciprocating ice breaking is completed for the first time, the ice breaker starts to break for the next time, in the process of backing, the oil injection quantity of the main thrust engine 9 is reduced to enable the engine to operate with 25% of load, the reduction ratio of a shifting fork mechanism of the clutch gearbox 16 is maintained to be 0, the front backing propeller 14 can provide 100% of thrust, the main thrust engine is ensured to be started again without stopping, meanwhile, the thrust of the propeller 11 is smaller than that of the front propeller 14, the ice breaker normally backs, the response speed is greatly accelerated, a sufficient backing up for the second time for ice layer flushing after a distance of backing, at the moment, the main pushing engine 11 runs at 100% load, the speed reduction ratio is increased from 0 to 0.75 by utilizing a shifting fork mechanism of the clutch gearbox 16, so that the thrust provided by the front reversing propeller 14 is changed to the former 25%, the thrust of the propeller 11 is ensured to be greater than the thrust of the front reversing propeller 14, the icebreaker normally advances, next icing is prepared, the first icing process is repeated, and the reciprocating operation is carried out until the icing is completed.
In order to avoid the auxiliary ice breaking engine 8 from flying due to the fact that the fore is lifted to enable the front backing propeller 14 to be exposed out of the water surface in the ice breaking process, the front backing propeller 14 adopts a double-propeller mode, the propeller diameter is reduced, and meanwhile the thrust is guaranteed.
The clutch gearbox 16 takes the power output by the output shaft of the power distribution gearbox as power input, the clutch mechanism cuts off power transmission temporarily during speed change so as to reduce impact during speed change, and the speed change mechanism changes the transmission ratio of the meshing gear of the output shaft of the clutch gearbox by adjusting the shifting fork mechanism, thereby achieving the functions of speed regulation and differential steering of the front reverse propeller.
When the icebreaker needs to change the bow direction on a thicker ice layer to increase the icebreaking width of the bow, the shifting fork mechanisms of the two clutch transmission boxes 16 which are symmetrical left and right can be positioned at different transmission ratios to realize the differential steering function of the front backing propeller 14, and the shifting fork mechanisms are matched with a steering engine to accelerate the response time of the change of the bow direction.
Claims (4)
1. An auxiliary ice breaking power system of an ice breaker is characterized in that: the ship comprises a ship body, a main push engine and an auxiliary ice breaking engine, wherein the main push engine and the auxiliary ice breaking engine are both installed in the ship body, the main push engine is connected with a propeller, the auxiliary ice breaking engine is connected with a power distribution gear box, the power distribution gear box is connected with output shafts of a first power distribution gear box and a third power distribution gear box, an output shaft of the first power distribution gear box is connected with a first clutch gearbox, the first clutch gearbox is connected with a first front backing propeller, an output shaft of the second power distribution gear box is connected with a second clutch gearbox, the second clutch gearbox is connected with a second front backing propeller, an output shaft of the third power distribution gear box is connected with a lifting fan, and the lifting fan is arranged in a.
2. The auxiliary ice-breaking power system of the ice-breaker as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the first control motor is connected with the first anti-icing baffle and controls the first anti-icing baffle to rotate 90 degrees to realize the opening and closing of the first anti-icing baffle, the first anti-icing baffle is positioned in front of the first front backing propeller, the second control motor is connected with the second anti-icing baffle and controls the second anti-icing baffle to rotate 90 degrees to realize the opening and closing of the second anti-icing baffle, and the second anti-icing baffle is positioned in front of the second front backing propeller.
3. An icebreaker assisted ice breaking power system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the third power distribution gearbox output shaft is arranged between the first power distribution gearbox output shaft and the second power distribution gearbox output shaft, the first power distribution gearbox output shaft and the second power distribution gearbox output shaft are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode relative to the third power distribution gearbox output shaft, and the first front reverse propeller and the second front reverse propeller are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode relative to the third power distribution gearbox output shaft.
4. An ice breaking method of an icebreaker comprising an auxiliary ice breaking power system is characterized in that: the icebreaker auxiliary icebreaking power system of claim 1;
the hull ice breaking mode comprises continuous ice breaking and reciprocating ice breaking;
when the ice is continuously broken, the main pushing engine provides power, the power is transmitted to the propeller to push the ship body to move forward, the ice layer is directly crushed in the forward process of the ship body, and the auxiliary ice breaking engine does not work;
when the reciprocating type ice breaking is performed, the inertia of the ship body during running is utilized, so that the ship bow of the ship body is flushed with the ice surface to crush the ice layer by utilizing the self gravity of the ship body, then the ship body backs up, and then the ice layer is flushed to crush the ice layer, and the steps are repeated in a circulating manner; in the process, the auxiliary ice breaking engine works to keep 100% load operation, the auxiliary ice breaking engine inputs power to the power distribution gear box through an input shaft of the power distribution gear box, the first anti-icing baffle and the second anti-icing baffle are opened, the first front reverse propeller and the second front reverse propeller work to generate backward thrust, the forward ice layer is pressed on the ship bow of the ship body to break ice by using self gravity, the first front reverse propeller and the second front reverse propeller generate backward thrust to counteract the thrust generated by the rotation of the propeller driven by a part of the main thrust engine, so that the total forward thrust of the ship body is reduced, the impact of collision of the ice surface and the ice breaking ship is reduced, meanwhile, an output shaft of the third power distribution gear box drives the lifting fan to rotate, the upward thrust is obtained at the ship bow, the impact of ice breaking by using self gravity is increased, and the first ice breaking of the reciprocating type ice breaking is completed, starting backing up for next ice breaking; in the reversing process, the fuel injection quantity of the main propulsion engine is reduced to enable the main propulsion engine to run with partial load, the first front reversing propeller and the second front reversing propeller provide 100% of thrust, and the thrust of the propellers is smaller than that of the first front reversing propeller and the second front reversing propeller to realize the reversing of the ship body while the main propulsion engine does not need to be stopped and restarted; after backing, the main pushing engine runs at 100% load, the thrust provided by the first front backing propeller and the second front backing propeller is reduced, the thrust of the propellers is ensured to be greater than the thrust of the first front backing propeller and the second front backing propeller so as to realize that the ship body advances, next ice adhesion is prepared, the first ice breaking process is repeated, and the reciprocating work is carried out until ice breaking is completed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010834974.5A CN111976904B (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2020-08-19 | Auxiliary ice breaking power system and ice breaking method for icebreaker |
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| CN202010834974.5A CN111976904B (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2020-08-19 | Auxiliary ice breaking power system and ice breaking method for icebreaker |
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| CN111976904A true CN111976904A (en) | 2020-11-24 |
| CN111976904B CN111976904B (en) | 2022-09-27 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115571283A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-06 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Ice breaker autonomous navigation ice breaking control strategy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115571283A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-06 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Ice breaker autonomous navigation ice breaking control strategy |
| CN115571283B (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-05-12 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Autonomous navigation ice breaking control strategy of ice breaker |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111976904B (en) | 2022-09-27 |
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