CN111976457B - 一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统 - Google Patents

一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统 Download PDF

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CN111976457B
CN111976457B CN201910439432.5A CN201910439432A CN111976457B CN 111976457 B CN111976457 B CN 111976457B CN 201910439432 A CN201910439432 A CN 201910439432A CN 111976457 B CN111976457 B CN 111976457B
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CN111976457A (zh
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秦江
郭发福
章思龙
姬志行
党朝磊
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/32Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提出一种加压燃料电池‑内燃机混合动力系统,该混合动力系统的重整器输入端分别与水加热器和燃料加热器连接,重整器输出端与燃料电池阳极通道输入端连接,燃料电池阴极通道输入端与空气加热器空气输出端连接,内燃机尾气输出端分别与水加热器、燃料加热器和空气加热器热源输入端连接,燃料电池阴、阳极通道输出端与内燃机连接;当燃料为柴油时,燃料泵旁路输出端与内燃机燃料输入端直接连接,当燃料为汽油时,燃料泵旁路输出端与燃料电池的阴、阳极通道输出端耦合后与内燃机输入端连接。解决了传统内燃机效率低、排放高的问题。本发明将燃料电池和内燃机结合起来,使发电功率和推进功率可以在大范围内调节,能够实现70%以上的燃料效率。

Description

一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,属于节能与新能源汽车技术领域。
背景技术
随着我国节能、减排政策的不断加严,发展混合动力汽车成为近年来的主流选择之一。
燃料电池燃气轮机混合动力系统是用燃料电池取代传统燃气轮机的燃烧室,燃料电池作为高效的发电装置;并且可以在燃料电池后面加上燃烧室,这样燃料电池未利用的燃料可以在燃烧室中燃烧利用,最后燃气在涡轮中膨胀做功。燃料电池燃气轮机混合动力系统效率可达60%以上,污染物排放低;但是变工况性能差,启动时间长,不太适应于需要频繁变工况和快速启动的汽车领域。
加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统效率可达70%以上,污染物排放很低,具有燃料电池燃气轮机混合动力系统效率高、排放低的特点,同时由于加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统中设计了燃料旁路及燃料旁路中两条燃料流路,使得加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统很好地克服了燃料电池燃气轮机混合动力系统变工况性能差、启动时间长的缺点。而且加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统可以对发电功率和推进功率的大范围调节,不同于传统内燃机只能使用一种燃料,而是能够使用柴油或汽油两种燃料,所以加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统具有更好的适应性。
发明内容
本发明针对传统内燃机效率低、排放高的问题,提出一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,将燃料电池和内燃机结合起来,使发电功率和推进功率可以在大范围内调节,能够实现70%以上的燃料效率。
本发明提出一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统包括水箱、燃料罐、水泵、燃料泵、水加热器、燃料加热器、空气加热器、重整器、燃料电池和内燃机;所述水箱、水泵和水加热器依次连接,所述燃料罐、燃料泵和燃料加热器依次连接,所述重整器的气态水输入端与水加热器的气态水输出端连接,所述重整器的燃料输入端与燃料加热器的燃料输出端连接,所述重整器的重整气输出端与燃料电池的阳极通道输入端连接,所述空气加热器的空气输入端与内燃机的高压空气输出端连接,所述燃料电池的阴极通道输入端与空气加热器的高压高温空气输出端连接,所述内燃机的做功工质输出端分别与水加热器、燃料加热器和空气加热器的热源输入端连接,所述燃料电池的阴、阳极通道输出端与内燃机的做功工质输入端连接,所述内燃机的空气输入端通入空气;
当燃料为柴油时,所述燃料泵的燃料输出端与内燃机的燃料输入端直接连接,当燃料为汽油时,所述燃料泵的燃料输出端与燃料电池的阴、阳极通道输出端耦合后共同与内燃机的做功工质输入端连接。
优选地,所述燃料泵的燃料输出端分出两条支路,第一条支路与内燃机的燃料输入端连接,第二条支路与燃料电池的阴、阳极通道输出端合并与内燃机的做功工质输入端连接。
优选地,当燃料为柴油时,第一条支路开启,第二条支路关闭,内燃机无需点火,柴油喷入内燃机后即能自行燃烧;当燃料为汽油时,第一条支路关闭,第二条支路开启,汽油喷入内燃机后需点火方能燃烧。
优选地,所述内燃机为八气缸内燃机,分为四组,每组包括两个气缸,在同一时刻,一组气缸内活塞处于吸气冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于压缩冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于做功冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于排气冲程;每组气缸中的两个气缸处于相同的运动状态,但是一个气缸负责吸气和压缩,没有做功和排气的作用,另一个气缸负责做功和排气,没有吸气和压缩的作用。
优选地,所述燃料电池为加压固体氧化物燃料电池。
本发明所述的加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统的有益效果为:
1、本发明提出一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,将燃料电池和内燃机结合起来,使发电功率和推进功率可以在大范围内调节,可以在频繁变工况条件下高效工作,能够实现70%以上的燃料效率;
2、本发明提出一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,增加了燃料旁路,可使燃料电池处于稳定工况下工作,调节燃料旁路流量实现加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统对发电功率和推进功率的大范围调节,能够适应各种变工况状态下很好地工作,实现高效率、低排放的目标;
3、本发明提出一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,在燃料旁路中设计了两条燃料流路,使得加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统不同于传统内燃机只能使用一种燃料,而是能够使用柴油或汽油两种燃料,具有更好的适应性和经济性;
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统结构示意图;
图2是本发明的机械驱动结构示意图;
其中:1-水箱,2-燃料罐,3-水泵,4-燃料泵,5-水加热器,6-燃料加热器,7-空气加热器,8-重整器,9-燃料电池,10-内燃机,11-第一离合器,12-动力驱动电机,13-第二离合器,14-变速器,15-电机,A-阳极通道,B-阴极通道,①-表示燃料为柴油时的燃料流路;②-表示燃料为汽油时的燃料流路。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明:
具体实施方式一:参见图1-图2说明本实施方式。本实施方式所述的加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统包括水箱1、燃料罐2、水泵3、燃料泵4、水加热器5、燃料加热器6、空气加热器7、重整器8、燃料电池9和内燃机10;所述水箱1、水泵3和水加热器5依次连接,所述燃料罐2、燃料泵4和燃料加热器6依次连接,所述重整器8的气态水输入端与水加热器5的气态水输出端连接,所述重整器8的燃料输入端与燃料加热器6的燃料输出端连接,所述重整器8的重整气输出端与燃料电池9的阳极通道输入端连接,所述空气加热器7的空气输入端与内燃机10的高压空气输出端连接,所述燃料电池9的阴极通道输入端与空气加热器7的高压高温空气输出端连接,所述内燃机10的做功工质输出端分别与水加热器5、燃料加热器6和空气加热器7的热源输入端连接,所述燃料电池9的阴、阳极通道输出端与内燃机10的做功工质输入端连接,所述内燃机10的做功工质输入端通入空气;当燃料为柴油时,所述燃料泵4的燃料输出端与内燃机10的燃料输入端直接连接;当燃料为汽油时,所述燃料泵4的燃料输出端与燃料电池9的阴、阳极通道输出端耦合后共同与内燃机10的做功工质输入端连接。
所述燃料泵4的燃料输出端分出两条支路,第一条支路与内燃机10的做功工质输入端连接,第二条支路与燃料电池9的阴、阳极通道输出端合并与内燃机10的做功工质输入端连接。当燃料为柴油时,第一条支路开启,第二条支路关闭,内燃机无需点火,柴油喷入内燃机后即能自行燃烧;当燃料为汽油时,第一条支路关闭,第二条支路开启,汽油喷入内燃机后需点火方能燃烧。
所述内燃机10为八气缸内燃机,分为四组,每组包括两个气缸,在同一时刻,一组气缸内活塞处于吸气冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于压缩冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于做功重整,一组气缸内活塞处于排气冲程;每组气缸中的两个气缸处于相同的运动状态。但是同一组气缸中一个气缸负责吸气和压缩,没有做功和排气的作用,另一个气缸负责做功和排气,没有吸气和压缩的作用;采用上述设计,可以保证在额定工况下,加压燃料电池内燃机混合动力系统连续工作,而不会出现工作的中断。
所述燃料电池9为加压固体氧化物燃料电池,可以与内燃机10很好地结合,充分利用从内燃机10压缩后的高压空气。
所述内燃机10与第一离合器11主动盘连接,动力驱动电机12一端与第一离合器11从动盘连接,另一端与第二离合器13主动盘连接,变速器14与第二离合器13从动盘连接。所述燃料电池9发的电一部分供给动力驱动电机12,另一部分供给给驱动水泵3和燃料泵4的电机15。
本发明所述的加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统的具体操作过程和工作原理为:
所述加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统中增加了燃料旁路,内燃机10的做功工质输入端与燃料泵4的燃料输出端连接,可使燃料电池9处于稳定工况下工作,调节燃料旁路流量实现加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统对发电功率和推进功率的大范围调节,使得加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统能够适应各种变工况状态下很好地工作。
所述燃料旁路中设计了两条燃料流路,其中第一条燃料流路不与燃料电池9的尾气混合,直接用喷嘴喷入内燃机10,本条流路适应燃料为柴油,无需点火,柴油喷入内燃机10后即能自行燃烧;第二条燃料流路与燃料电池9的尾气先混合,再用喷嘴喷入内燃机10,本条流路适应燃料为汽油,汽油喷入内燃机10后需点火方能燃烧;上述设计使得加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统不同于传统内燃机只能使用一种燃料,而是能够使用柴油或汽油两种燃料,所以加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统具有更好的适应性和经济性。
启动时,由于燃料电池启动速度慢,时间长,可以使燃料泵4的燃料输出端燃料全部通过燃料旁路,这时燃料电池9虽然阴极通道通过高温高压空气,但是阳极通道没有通入重整气,所以处于不工作状态;当汽车逐渐趋于额定工况下行驶时,燃料泵4的燃料输出端燃料一部分通过燃料旁路,另一部分通过燃料加热器后进入重整器8,这时燃料电池和内燃机均处于最佳工作状态,效率高,排放低;当汽车在行驶过程中偏离额定工况处于变工况条件下行驶时,燃料电池9依然处于最佳工作状态,可使燃料电池9保持高效率,长寿命,通过调节燃料旁路流量实现对发电功率和推进功率的大范围调节,能够适应各种变工况状态。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明。所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,还可以是上述各个实施方式记载的特征的合理组合,凡在本发明精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,其特征在于,包括水箱(1)、燃料罐(2)、水泵(3)、燃料泵(4)、水加热器(5)、燃料加热器(6)、空气加热器(7)、重整器(8)、燃料电池(9)和内燃机(10);
所述水箱(1)、水泵(3)和水加热器(5)依次连接,所述燃料罐(2)、燃料泵(4)和燃料加热器(6)依次连接,所述重整器(8)的气态水输入端与水加热器(5)的气态水输出端连接,所述重整器(8)的燃料输入端与燃料加热器(6)的燃料输出端连接,所述重整器(8)的重整气输出端与燃料电池(9)的阳极通道输入端连接,所述空气加热器(7)的空气输入端与内燃机(10)的高压空气输出端连接,所述燃料电池(9)的阴极通道输入端与空气加热器(7)的高压高温空气输出端连接,所述内燃机(10)的做功工质输出端分别与水加热器(5)、燃料加热器(6)和空气加热器(7)的热源输入端连接,所述燃料电池(9)的阴、阳极通道输出端与内燃机(10)的做功工质输入端连接,所述内燃机(10)的空气输入端通入空气;
当燃料为柴油时,所述燃料泵(4)的燃料输出端与内燃机(10)的燃料输入端直接连接;当燃料为汽油时,所述燃料泵(4)的燃料输出端与燃料电池(9)的阴、阳极通道输出端耦合后共同与内燃机(10)的做功工质输入端连接;
所述燃料泵(4)的燃料输出端分出两条支路,第一条支路与内燃机(10)的燃料输入端连接,第二条支路与燃料电池(9)的阴、阳极通道输出端合并与内燃机(10)的做功工质输入端连接;
所述内燃机(10)为八气缸内燃机,分为四组,每组包括两个气缸,在同一时刻,一组气缸内活塞处于吸气冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于压缩冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于做功冲程,一组气缸内活塞处于排气冲程;每组气缸中的两个气缸处于相同的运动状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,其特征在于,当燃料为柴油时,第一条支路开启,第二条支路关闭,内燃机(10)无需点火,柴油喷入内燃机(10)后即能自行燃烧;当燃料为汽油时,第一条支路关闭,第二条支路开启,汽油喷入内燃机(10)后需点火方能燃烧。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加压燃料电池-内燃机混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述燃料电池(9)为加压固体氧化物燃料电池。
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