CN111975283A - Cold extrusion method and tool for prolonging cycle life of wheel disc with bolt holes - Google Patents
Cold extrusion method and tool for prolonging cycle life of wheel disc with bolt holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111975283A CN111975283A CN202010727572.5A CN202010727572A CN111975283A CN 111975283 A CN111975283 A CN 111975283A CN 202010727572 A CN202010727572 A CN 202010727572A CN 111975283 A CN111975283 A CN 111975283A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
- B23P9/02—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling
- B23P9/025—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling to inner walls of holes by using axially moving tools
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface modification technology and relates to a cold extrusion method and a tool for prolonging the cycle life of a wheel disc with bolt holes of an engine. Firstly, finishing the preliminary machining of a wheel disc bolt hole, reserving a certain deformation allowance, and ensuring that the chamfer size of the edge of an extruded front hole is smaller than the size of a design drawing; designing and manufacturing a cold extrusion tool, which comprises a core rod, a nose top cap and a connecting shaft; after the lubricant is coated, cold extrusion of the wheel disc bolt hole is completed under the support of a wheel disc cold extrusion tool; the hole structure is a weak part of the member. The hardness of the core rod is obviously greater than that of a matrix to be extruded, the size of the working end of the core rod is larger than that of a matrix hole, and the core rod is forced to pass through the structural hole under the action of the solid lubricant to generate plastic deformation, so that the surface strengthening layer is introduced, and the low-cycle fatigue life of the extruded hole structure is obviously prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface modification technology and relates to a cold extrusion method and a tool for prolonging the cycle life of a wheel disc with bolt holes.
Background
The wheel disc is a life-limiting part of an aeroengine, generally refers to a turbine disc and a compressor disc, and once the wheel disc is broken due to fatigue failure, the wheel disc has a great influence on the use safety of the engine. The engine wheel disc is mainly connected by bolts, the stress concentration of the bolt hole structure is obvious, the engine wheel disc is a weak point of strength and a service life limiting part of the wheel disc, and the service life of the bolt hole determines the service life of the wheel disc. The prior art generally adopts a slotted liner cold extrusion technology, such as patent 201220618767.7 (a slotted liner and a mandrel matched with the slotted liner) and patent 201220618767.7 (a method for cold extrusion processing of a hole by the slotted liner), and the technology is characterized in that: (1) the diameter of the core rod is smaller than the aperture; (2) due to the seam of the sleeve, machining is required after extrusion to ensure size. Another technique is direct core rod cold extrusion, such as patent 201710832571.5 (a cold extrusion coining coupled strengthening processing device and method), which requires reaming to ensure size after extrusion, thereby weakening the hole wall strengthening layer; meanwhile, the technology also needs to adopt a circular ring imprinting method to extrude the hole edge, and deformation influence is generated on the chamfer size of the hole edge. In the prior documents, the influence of the direct mandrel cold extrusion technology on the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue performance of the alloy is discussed in the influences of cold extrusion strengthening on the room-temperature low-cycle fatigue life of the GH4169 alloy pore structure, the influence of pore extrusion on the high-temperature fatigue performance of the high-temperature alloy GH4169 pore structure and the like, but the documents are mostly directed at a central pore plate sample, the structure is simple, the size of the sample is thin, and the constraint is small during extrusion; and the problems of hole size control, extrusion angle hole and extrusion force control and the like can be generated when the method is particularly applied to extrusion of the wheel disc.
The patent relates to the utilization of a direct core rod cold extrusion technology to prolong the structural life of a bolt hole of an engine wheel disc, and further prolong the fatigue life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the cold extrusion method and the tool for prolonging the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt holes are provided, the service life of the structure of the bolt holes of the engine wheel disc is prolonged by utilizing a direct core rod cold extrusion technology, and further the fatigue life of the wheel disc with the bolt holes is prolonged.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a cold extrusion method for prolonging the cycle life of a wheel disc with bolt holes, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, finishing the preliminary machining of a wheel disc bolt hole, reserving a certain deformation allowance, and ensuring that the chamfer size of the edge of an extruded hole is smaller than the size of a design drawing;
deformation allowance size: 0.03 mm-0.15 mm, ensuring that the aperture after extrusion meets the requirements of a drawing;
the chamfer size is less than the range: 0.1 mm-0.4 mm;
step two, designing and manufacturing a cold extrusion tool, wherein the cold extrusion tool comprises: the mandrel, the nose top cap and the connecting shaft are arranged on the mandrel; the connecting shaft is provided with two internal thread structures, and one internal thread structure is connected with a hydraulic mechanism of the drawing type extrusion equipment; in the drawing type extrusion strengthening process, after the core rod passes through the hole structure, the thread section is connected with the other internal thread structure of the connecting shaft; the nose top cap is provided with an external thread section which is connected with an outer cylinder of the drawing type extrusion equipment, in the extrusion process, the contact surface of the nose top cap supports the rim of the wheel disc hole, the extrusion process is ensured to be stable, and the core rod passes through the inner diameter of the contact surface;
the diameter of the working end of the core rod is more than or equal to the diameter of the bolt hole before extrusion and less than or equal to the diameter of the bolt hole before extrusion plus 0.35 mm;
and step three, after the lubricant is smeared, completing the cold extrusion of the wheel disc bolt hole under the support of a wheel disc cold extrusion tool.
The length of the working end of the core rod is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
The core rod is made of: the hardness of the material is improved by more than 5HRC0.1 compared with that of the wheel disc material.
The core rod is in interference fit with the bolt hole, and the interference magnitude of the core rod is not more than 1.5%.
The leading/trailing end angle of the mandrel is no greater than 8 °.
Preferably, the cold extrusion method further comprises:
after extrusion, final processing is carried out on the chamfer to meet the requirements of drawings. The chamfer is processed after extrusion, so that the plastic flow of the metal on the hole wall caused by extrusion is removed, and the fatigue performance of the bolt hole is improved.
Preferably, the cold extrusion in the third step adopts a hole-separating extrusion mode. The deformation of the bolt holes can be guaranteed to be stable through interval extrusion.
On the other hand, the invention provides a cold extrusion method tool for prolonging the cycle life of a wheel disc with bolt holes, and the tool comprises: the device comprises a circumference steering gear, a pitching steering gear, an electronic driving mechanism and a wheel disc fixing mechanism;
the circular steering device realizes circular steering and is used for realizing accurate hole-separating extrusion of a wheel disc structure with a plurality of bolt holes uniformly distributed; the pitching steering device realizes pitching steering and is used for realizing bolt hole extrusion in which the aperture direction is not parallel to the axis direction of the wheel disc; the electronic driving structure can realize accurate rotation and pitching driving according to the input size information, and meets the precision requirement; the wheel disc fixing mechanism ensures that the wheel disc does not slide in the extrusion process;
before extrusion, according to the wheel disc bolt hole structure, after the pitching angle is set on the electronic driving mechanism, the wheel disc fixing mechanism is adopted to fix the wheel disc structure, after the first hole extrusion is completed, the circular indexing rotation is carried out according to the indexing angle of the hole, and the extrusion of other holes is completed by adopting the three-step hole-separating extrusion mode.
The wheel disc fixing mechanism is a three-jaw chuck.
The circular steering gear can realize circular steering with 5' precision.
The pitch redirector can implement a pitch redirection with 12' accuracy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the cold extrusion method for prolonging the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole of the engine, the hardness of the core rod is obviously greater than that of a base body to be extruded, the size of the working end of the core rod is larger than that of the hole of the base body, and the core rod forcibly passes through the structural hole under the action of the solid lubricant to generate plastic deformation, so that the surface strengthening layer is introduced, and the low cycle fatigue life of the hole structure after extrusion is obviously prolonged. The method is suitable for extrusion strengthening of the wheel disc structure hole without interference on both sides. The advantages are that: (1) the structural size of the wheel disc hole after extrusion meets the requirement of a drawing, and subsequent processing is not needed; (2) the post-processing of the chamfer eliminates the problem of fatigue performance weakening by metal plastic flow accumulation at the chamfer angle in the direct extrusion of the traditional core rod; (3) by optimizing the angle of the leading end, the roughness of the hole wall after extrusion is smaller than Ra0.4 mu m, the depth of the surface strengthening layer is larger than 1.5mm, and the surface integrity state is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly explained. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mandrel construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a nasal overcap of the present invention;
wherein, 1-working end and length, 2-working end diameter, 3-back leading end, 4-back leading end angle, 5-front leading end, 6-leading end angle, 7-thread structure, 8-contact surface, 9-contact surface external diameter, 10-contact surface internal diameter, 11-thread section.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
1) The wheel disc bolt holes to be extruded should not be machined in place. The bolt hole diameter before extrusion is shown in formula (1). The chamfer size of the orifice before extrusion is smaller than the chamfer size required by the drawing. The processing roughness of the inner wall of the hole is not more than Ra1.6 mu m.
Bolt hole diameter before extrusion ═ final drawing bolt hole diameter-cold extrusion compression variable (1)
(2) Before clamping the wheel disc, a dry film lubricant is uniformly smeared on the bolt holes and is solidified.
(3) The adopted cold extrusion tool comprises a drawing gun, a core rod, a nose top cap and a connecting shaft. The maximum tonnage of the drawing gun is not less than 15t, and the drawing gun is provided with a thread structure connected with the connecting shaft and the nose top cap. The interference magnitude of the core rod is controlled not to exceed 1.5 percent, and the length is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm. The material with hardness higher than that of the base body by 5HRC0.1 is adopted for manufacturing, and one end of the material is provided with a thread structure connected with the connecting shaft. And (3) defining the interference of the core rod according to the step (2). The interference magnitude of the core rod is controlled not to exceed 1.5%, and the extruded aperture is ensured to meet the requirements of a drawing. The leading/trailing end angle of the core rod is not greater than 8 °.
Interference value (core rod diameter-final drawing bolt hole diameter)/final drawing bolt hole diameter (2)
Nose top cap one end is connected with drawing the rifle, and one end and rim plate bolt hole limit tight fit guarantee extrusion process's stability. One end of the connecting shaft is connected with the drawing gun, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with the core rod bolt.
(4) The special tool for cold extrusion of the wheel disc has the capabilities of controllable indexing rotation and controlling the pitching posture of the wheel disc and ensures that two surfaces of the wheel disc have operation spaces after clamping.
(5) On the special tool for cold extrusion of the wheel disc, a high-strength bolt penetrates through the central hole of the wheel disc to fix the wheel disc on the tool. Bolt holes are numbered 1#, 2#, 3#, in sequence.
(6) And (4) the core rod passes through the bolt hole No. 1 and is connected to the connecting shaft. And starting the drawing gun to force the core rod to pass through the hole structure uniformly. Unloading the core rod, cleaning the hole wall by using a chemical solvent such as alcohol or acetone, testing the extruded hole diameter by using a hole diameter micrometer, and recording the extruded hole diameter when the extruded hole diameter meets the requirements of a final drawing. The extrusion process adopts a hole-separating extrusion method, namely the next hole to be extruded is No. 3.
(7) And after extrusion of all the bolt holes is completed, unloading the wheel disc, and chamfering in a proper mode to enable the wheel disc to meet the requirements of drawings.
In this example, a 28 hole GH4169 alloy disk trial 2 was designed and manufactured. The first piece is not subjected to the cold extrusion process, and all 28 holes of the second piece are subjected to cold extrusion; a low-cycle fatigue test is carried out on a pit-type rotary test bed; the test temperature is 538 ℃, and the rotating speed adopts a trapezoidal wave form: the initial rotating speed is 1200r/min, the rotating speed is increased to 12000r/min and then is reduced to 1200r/min, and the above is a cycle. The first non-extruded wheel disc broke at 4300 cycles. The extruded second wheel disc broke beyond the 6200 cycle. The improvement range of the cycle life of the wheel disc reaches 44.2 percent after extrusion.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cold extrusion method for prolonging the cycle life of a wheel disc with bolt holes is characterized in that: the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps:
firstly, finishing the preliminary machining of a wheel disc bolt hole, reserving a certain deformation allowance, and ensuring that the chamfer size of the edge of an extruded hole is smaller than the size of a design drawing;
the size of the deformation allowance is as follows: 0.03 mm-0.15 mm, ensuring that the aperture after extrusion meets the requirements of a drawing;
the chamfer size is less than the range: 0.1 mm-0.4 mm;
step two, designing and manufacturing a cold extrusion tool, wherein the cold extrusion tool comprises: the mandrel, the nose top cap and the connecting shaft are arranged on the mandrel; the connecting shaft is provided with two internal thread structures, and one internal thread structure is connected with a hydraulic mechanism of the drawing type extrusion equipment; in the drawing type extrusion strengthening process, after the core rod passes through the hole structure, the thread section is connected with the other internal thread structure of the connecting shaft; the nose top cap is provided with an internal thread section which is connected with an outer cylinder of the drawing type extrusion equipment, and in the extrusion process, the contact surface of the nose top cap supports the rim of the wheel disc hole, so that the stability of the extrusion process is guaranteed; the core rod passes through the inner diameter of the contact surface;
the diameter of the working end of the core rod is more than or equal to the diameter of the bolt hole before extrusion and less than or equal to the diameter of the bolt hole before extrusion plus 0.35 mm;
and step three, after the lubricant is smeared, completing the cold extrusion of the wheel disc bolt hole under the support of a wheel disc cold extrusion tool.
2. The cold extrusion method for improving the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 1, wherein the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps: the cold extrusion method further comprises the following steps:
after extrusion, final processing is carried out on the chamfer to meet the requirements of drawings.
3. The cold extrusion method for improving the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 1, wherein the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, a hole-separating extrusion mode is adopted during cold extrusion.
4. The cold extrusion method for improving the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 1, wherein the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps: the length of the working end of the core rod is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
5. The cold extrusion method for improving the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 1, wherein the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps: the core rod is made of a material with the hardness which is improved by more than 5HRC0.1 compared with the hardness of the wheel disc material.
6. The cold extrusion method for improving the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 1, wherein the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps: the core rod is in interference fit with the bolt hole, and the interference magnitude of the core rod is not more than 1.5%.
7. The cold extrusion method for improving the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 1, wherein the cold extrusion method comprises the following steps: the leading/trailing end angle of the mandrel is no greater than 8 °.
8. The utility model provides a improve cold extrusion method frock of bolt hole rim plate life cycle which characterized in that: the frock contains: the device comprises a circumference steering gear, a pitching steering gear, an electronic driving mechanism and a wheel disc fixing mechanism;
the circumferential steering device realizes circumferential steering and is used for realizing accurate hole-separating extrusion of a wheel disc structure with a plurality of bolt holes uniformly distributed; the pitching steering device realizes pitching steering and is used for realizing bolt hole extrusion in which the aperture direction is not parallel to the axis direction of the wheel disc; the electronic driving structure can realize accurate rotation and pitching driving according to the input size information, and meets the precision requirement; the wheel disc fixing mechanism ensures that the wheel disc does not slide in the extrusion process;
before extrusion, according to the wheel disc bolt hole structure, after the pitching angle is set on the electronic driving mechanism, the wheel disc fixing mechanism is adopted to fix the wheel disc structure, after the extrusion of the first hole is completed, the circular indexing rotation is performed according to the indexing angle of the hole, and the extrusion of other holes is completed.
9. The cold extrusion method tool for prolonging the cycle life of the wheel disc with the bolt hole according to claim 8, wherein the tool comprises: the wheel disc fixing mechanism is a three-jaw chuck.
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| CN202010727572.5A CN111975283B (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Cold extrusion method and tool for prolonging cycle life of wheel disc with bolt holes |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113399486A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-17 | 西北工业大学 | Multi-section cold extrusion strengthening device and use method thereof |
| CN113664460A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-19 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for prolonging fatigue life of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy perforated aviation part |
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| CN111975283B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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