CN111974209A - Water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for ultra-precision machine tool machining area - Google Patents

Water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for ultra-precision machine tool machining area Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111974209A
CN111974209A CN202010706871.0A CN202010706871A CN111974209A CN 111974209 A CN111974209 A CN 111974209A CN 202010706871 A CN202010706871 A CN 202010706871A CN 111974209 A CN111974209 A CN 111974209A
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China
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ultra
purification
machine tool
water
machining area
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Inventor
李国�
赵学森
胡振江
杜凯
张海军
王永红
黄燕华
孙涛
张强
宋成伟
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Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics
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Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0002—Casings; Housings; Frame constructions
    • B01D46/0012—In-line filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/346—Controlling the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8671—Removing components of defined structure not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8668
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/104—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/80—Water

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of purification of water and oxygen contents of machine tools, in particular to a water and oxygen content cyclic purification control method for a machining area of an ultra-precise machine tool, which is used for solving the problem that the water content and the oxygen content in circulating gas in the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool cannot be purified in the prior art. The device comprises a pretreatment unit, a purification unit and a circulation control unit, wherein the circulation control unit is connected with a machining area of an ultra-precision machine tool through an air pipe; the pretreatment unit is used for pretreating circulating gas flowing out of the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool through filtration; the purification unit is used for removing the oxygen content and the water content in the circulating gas after passing through the pretreatment unit. After the gas in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area passes through the pretreatment unit, the purification unit and the circulation control unit, the oxygen content and the water content in the circulation gas can be removed, so that the water content and the oxygen content in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area can be stably and reliably controlled.

Description

Water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for ultra-precision machine tool machining area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purification of water and oxygen contents of machine tools, in particular to a water and oxygen content cyclic purification control method for a machining area of an ultra-precise machine tool.
Background
The single-point diamond ultra-precise turning method is an effective technical means for realizing high-surface-quality and high-precision manufacturing, is widely applied to manufacturing of various different materials and parts, and can generate a large amount of cutting chips in the ultra-precise turning process.
Most of the chips generated in the ultra-precise turning process are scattered on a working table surface of a machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool in a chipping mode, and part of the tiny powder chips are scattered in the environment of the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool in a suspending mode. For active materials which are very easy to oxidize, on one hand, the processed surface can react with oxygen, water and the like in a processing area to cause the surface quality of a workpiece to be reduced and even the product performance to be invalid, and on the other hand, a large amount of accumulated cuttings can react with oxygen, water and the like violently and generate spontaneous combustion in severe cases, so that the active materials have great potential safety hazards to the safety of ultra-precision machine tool equipment and the physical and psychological health of operators. Therefore, in the ultra-precision processing of the easily oxidizable active material, the water and oxygen contents in the processing region need to be strictly controlled.
However, in the prior art, no circulating purification control method for water and oxygen content in the processing area of the ultra-precise machine tool and a corresponding purification removal device are established on the ultra-precise machine tool equipment. Aiming at the problems, a cyclic purification control method for water content and oxygen content in a machine tool machining area is urgently needed to be established, and stable and reliable control of the water content and the oxygen content in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for a machining area of an ultra-precise machine tool, which is used for solving the problem that the water content and the oxygen content in circulating gas in the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool cannot be purified in the prior art, so that the water content and the oxygen content in the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool cannot be stably and reliably controlled. After the circulating gas in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area passes through the pretreatment unit, the purification unit and the circulation control unit, the oxygen content and the water content in the circulating gas can be removed, so that the water content and the oxygen content in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area can be stably and reliably controlled.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for a machining area of an ultra-precise machine tool comprises a pretreatment unit connected with the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool through an air pipe, wherein the pretreatment unit is sequentially connected with a purification unit and a circulating control unit through the air pipe, and the circulating control unit is connected with the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool through the air pipe;
the pretreatment unit is used for pretreating circulating gas flowing out of the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool through filtration;
the purification unit is used for removing the oxygen content and the water content in the circulating gas after passing through the pretreatment unit;
the circulation control unit is used for realizing the circulation flow of the circulating gas according to the set flow direction.
The purification unit comprises a water purification component and an oxygen purification component which are sequentially connected in series through an air pipe, the water purification component is connected with the pretreatment unit through the air pipe, and the oxygen purification component is connected with the circulation control unit through the air pipe; the water purification component is used for adsorbing and removing water molecules in the circulating gas, and the oxygen purification component is used for reducing the oxygen content in the circulating gas.
The air pipe between the pretreatment unit and the water purification component is connected with a solvent filtration component through a bypass pipeline, and the solvent filtration component is connected with the water purification component through the bypass pipeline.
The water purification component adopts a 13X type molecular sieve; the oxygen purification component takes a copper catalyst as a catalyst, and reduces the oxygen content in the gas by utilizing the oxidation reaction of the copper catalyst.
And the solvent filtering component removes organic solvent components generated by spraying cooling liquid in the working process of the ultra-precision machine tool through activated carbon adsorption.
The circulation control unit comprises a circulating fan and a detection assembly which are sequentially connected through an air pipe, the circulating fan is connected with the purification unit, and the detection assembly is connected with the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool.
The detection component is a pressure sensor or a flow sensor.
The circulating fan adopts a variable frequency fan, and the flow range of the variable frequency fan is 0m3/h-100m3/h。
The pre-treatment unit comprises a gas filter having a filtration rating of 0.3 μm to 10 μm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) after the gas in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area passes through the pretreatment unit, the purification unit and the circulation control unit, the oxygen content and the water content in the circulation gas can be removed, so that the water content and the oxygen content in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area can be stably and reliably controlled.
(2) According to the invention, the removal of organic solvent components in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area is realized by adopting an activated carbon adsorption removal principle, the adsorption removal of water molecules in the circulating gas is realized by adopting a 13X-type molecular sieve, the copper catalyst is used as a catalyst, and the cyclic purification of the oxygen content of the circulating gas is realized by utilizing the oxidation reaction of the copper catalyst, so that the water and oxygen components in the ultra-precise cutting machining area are effectively removed, the natural risk caused by overhigh uranium content in the machining area is avoided, and the guarantee is provided for the equipment safety and the physical and mental health of operators in the ultra-precise turning machining process of uranium materials.
(3) According to the invention, through two working modes of the purification unit, the influence of organic solvent components existing in the circulating gas on the water and oxygen purification capacity can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the structure of the present invention;
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following examples.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, a water and oxygen content circulation purification control method for a processing area of an ultra-precision machine tool comprises a pretreatment unit connected with the processing area of the ultra-precision machine tool through an air pipe, wherein the pretreatment unit is sequentially connected with a purification unit and a circulation control unit through the air pipe, and the circulation control unit is connected with the processing area of the ultra-precision machine tool through the air pipe;
the pretreatment unit is used for pretreating circulating gas flowing out of the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool through filtration;
the purification unit is used for removing the oxygen content and the water content in the circulating gas after passing through the pretreatment unit;
the circulation control unit is used for realizing the circulation flow of the circulating gas according to the set flow direction.
The purification unit comprises a water purification component and an oxygen purification component which are sequentially connected in series through an air pipe, the water purification component is connected with the pretreatment unit through the air pipe, and the oxygen purification component is connected with the circulation control unit through the air pipe; the water purification component is used for adsorbing and removing water molecules in the circulating gas, and the oxygen purification component is used for reducing the oxygen content in the circulating gas; the air pipe between the pretreatment unit and the water purification component is connected with a solvent filtration component through a bypass pipeline, and the solvent filtration component is connected with the water purification component through the bypass pipeline; and the solvent filtering component removes organic solvent components generated by spraying cooling liquid in the working process of the ultra-precision machine tool through activated carbon adsorption.
Through setting up solvent filtering component for this purification unit has two kinds of mode: the mode is that when the machine tool is in a machining state, the machine tool coolant micro-spraying system is in a working mode, the content of an organic solvent in a machining area of the machine tool is high, at the moment, the working mode of the organic solvent needs to be started, and as for how to start the working mode of the organic solvent, a person skilled in the art knows that gas flowing out of the pretreatment unit needs to sequentially pass through the solvent filtering component, the water purification component and the oxygen purification component after entering the purification unit; and in the second mode, when the machine tool is in a standby state, the machine tool coolant micro-spraying system is in the standby mode, the content of the organic solvent in the machining area of the machine tool is low, and at the moment, the organic solvent can be regulated to enter a non-working mode, namely, the gas flowing out of the pretreatment unit enters the purification unit and then bypasses the solvent filtering component to directly enter the water purification component and the oxygen purification component. Through the design, the influence of organic solvent components in the circulating gas on the water and oxygen purification capacity can be effectively improved.
Preferably, the water purification component adopts 13X type molecular sieve; the oxygen purification component takes a copper catalyst as a catalyst, and reduces the oxygen content in the gas by utilizing the oxidation reaction of the copper catalyst.
The circulation control unit comprises a circulating fan and a detection assembly which are sequentially connected through an air pipe, the circulating fan is connected with the purification unit, the detection assembly is connected with the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool, the detection assembly can be a pressure sensor or a flow sensor, and the pressure sensor and the flow sensor can be installed conventionally and have conventional models. The pressure sensor detects the gas pressure in the circulation loop, has the functions of monitoring the gas conductivity and the tightness in the circulation purification loop, can replace flow sensors such as a mass flowmeter, and realizes the monitoring of the conductivity and the tightness of the circulation loop by detecting the flow change in real time.
The circulating fan adopts a variable frequency fan, and the flow range of the variable frequency fan is 0m3/h-100m3The variable frequency fan has a microprocessor automatic control function, the variable frequency fan can adopt different substitution schemes such as an oil-free dry pump, an oil-free dry pump matched with a molecular pump and the like to achieve the same working purpose, and the rated flow of the variable frequency fan is determined according to the following formula: q ═ α V, where Q is the rated flow, in m3A is a cyclic coefficient, the unit times/h is usually 10-15, V is the volume of the sealed machining area, and the unit m is3。
The pre-treatment unit comprises a gas filter having a filtration rating of 0.3 μm to 10 μm. The gas filter can be configured according to the actual circulating gas, the equipment utilization rate and other conditions, and when the filtering grade is required to be 0.3-2 mu m, the gas filter can be replaced by a mode of serially arranging two stages of gas filters, wherein the primary filtering grade is 2-10 mu m, and the secondary filtering grade is 0.3-2 mu m.
The units are connected through air pipes, and the interfaces of the air pipes are KF flange interfaces.
The water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for the ultra-precision machine tool machining area comprises the following basic working procedures: the gas in the ultra-precise machine tool machining area circularly flows according to the flow direction and sequentially passes through the pretreatment unit, the purification unit and the circulation control unit; firstly, circulating gas from a machining area of an ultra-precision machine tool passes through a pretreatment unit, and particles such as solid, dust and the like contained in the circulating gas are filtered and removed, wherein the filtering grade is 0.3 mu m; secondly, the filtered circulating gas enters a purification unit, passes through a solvent filtration component according to different working modes and then sequentially passes through a water purification component and an oxygen purification component, and in the process, the contents of organic solvent, water and oxygen in the circulating gas are respectively purified and absorbed; and then, the circulating gas returns to the processing area of the ultra-precise machine tool after passing through the circulating control unit, and the circulating control unit mainly has the function of controlling the gas flow direction and flow speed in the circulating purification process so as to meet the circulating purification requirement. Thus, the oxygen content and the water content in the circulating gas can be removed, and the water content and the oxygen content in the ultra-precision machining region can be stably and reliably controlled.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the verification process of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for a machining area of an ultra-precise machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a pretreatment unit connected with a machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool through an air pipe, wherein the pretreatment unit is sequentially connected with a purification unit and a circulation control unit through the air pipe, and the circulation control unit is connected with the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool through the air pipe;
the pretreatment unit is used for pretreating circulating gas flowing out of the machining area of the ultra-precise machine tool through filtration;
the purification unit is used for removing the oxygen content and the water content in the circulating gas after passing through the pretreatment unit;
the circulation control unit is used for realizing the circulation flow of the circulating gas according to the set flow direction.
2. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the purification unit comprises a water purification component and an oxygen purification component which are sequentially connected in series through an air pipe, the water purification component is connected with the pretreatment unit through the air pipe, and the oxygen purification component is connected with the circulation control unit through the air pipe; the water purification component is used for adsorbing and removing water molecules in the circulating gas, and the oxygen purification component is used for reducing the oxygen content in the circulating gas.
3. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: the air pipe between the pretreatment unit and the water purification component is connected with a solvent filtration component through a bypass pipeline, and the solvent filtration component is connected with the water purification component through the bypass pipeline.
4. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water purification component adopts a 13X type molecular sieve; the oxygen purification component takes a copper catalyst as a catalyst, and reduces the oxygen content in the gas by utilizing the oxidation reaction of the copper catalyst.
5. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the solvent filtering component removes organic solvent components generated by spraying cooling liquid in the working process of the ultra-precision machine tool through activated carbon adsorption.
6. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the circulation control unit comprises a circulating fan and a detection assembly which are sequentially connected through an air pipe, the circulating fan is connected with the purification unit, and the detection assembly is connected with the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool.
7. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the detection component is a pressure sensor or a flow sensor.
8. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the circulating fan adopts a variable frequency fan, and the flow range of the variable frequency fan is 0m3/h-100m3/h。
9. The method for controlling the water and oxygen content circulation purification of the machining area of the ultra-precision machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pre-treatment unit comprises a gas filter having a filtration rating of 0.3 μm to 10 μm.
CN202010706871.0A 2020-07-21 2020-07-21 Water and oxygen content circulating purification control method for ultra-precision machine tool machining area Pending CN111974209A (en)

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Application publication date: 20201124