CN111974018B - Efficient condensation, collection and separation method for biomass pyrolysis gas - Google Patents
Efficient condensation, collection and separation method for biomass pyrolysis gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111974018B CN111974018B CN202010910891.XA CN202010910891A CN111974018B CN 111974018 B CN111974018 B CN 111974018B CN 202010910891 A CN202010910891 A CN 202010910891A CN 111974018 B CN111974018 B CN 111974018B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C5/00—Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas, and belongs to the technical field of renewable energy utilization. A biomass pyrolysis gas efficient condensation, collection and separation device is adopted, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is fully condensed through a tubular condensation device; transferring the liquid obtained by condensation to a collection tank for standing and layering, and taking supernatant as crude pyroligneous liquor; adding the crude pyroligneous liquor into a separation and purification device, and separating and purifying the crude pyroligneous liquor to obtain refined pyroligneous liquor. The method takes the glass beads with different sizes as the fillers of the rectification device, can realize the directional purification and separation of different types of pyroligneous liquor by regulating and controlling the volume ratio of the glass beads with different sizes, can obtain various high-quality pyroligneous liquors, and is simple and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of renewable energy utilization, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation method for biomass pyrolysis gas.
Background
The biomass pyrolysis for preparing the biochar is an important mode for high-value application of waste biomass or processed residues, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits. However, in addition to char, the pyrolysis process generates a lot of gas, which is rich in organic matters such as tar and vinegar and a large amount of water, and if the pyrolysis gas is not condensed and collected and separated effectively, environmental pollution and resource waste will be caused. Especially, the wood vinegar liquid obtained by condensation contains various organic matters including organic acid, phenol, aldehyde and the like, can be used as organic fertilizer additives, livestock and poultry feeds, preservatives, fuels and health care medicines, and has extremely high application value. However, the existing condensation, collection and separation processes of biomass pyrolysis gas fall behind, and particularly, the efficient separation and purification technology of pyroligneous liquor is lack, so that the pyrolysis gas is difficult to be fully and highly utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a technology for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas, and the technology can realize directional efficient condensation and purification of pyroligneous liquor.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas comprises the following steps:
(1) a biomass pyrolysis gas efficient condensation, collection and separation device is adopted, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is fully condensed through a tubular condensation device;
(2) transferring the liquid obtained by condensation to a collection tank for standing and layering, and taking supernatant as crude pyroligneous liquor;
(3) adding the crude pyroligneous liquor into a separation and purification device, and separating and purifying the crude pyroligneous liquor to obtain refined pyroligneous liquor.
According to the method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas, the tubular condensing device is U-shaped, the filler is wire netting or glass fiber, and the filling amount is 80% -90% of the volume of the tubular condensing device.
The method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas is characterized in that the rectification temperature in the separation and purification device is 100-120 ℃.
The method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas comprises the steps that glass beads are used as fillers in a separation and purification device; the packing height of the glass beads was 4/5, the height of the fractionating column.
According to the method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas, the reflux ratio of the heavy components to the light components in the separation and purification process is 4: 1-3: 2.
According to the method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas, the diameters of the glass beads are 5mm, 3mm and 1mm, and the filling volume ratio of the glass beads with three sizes is 4:2: 1.
According to the method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas, 5mm glass beads, 3mm glass beads and 1mm glass beads are respectively filled in a fractionating column from bottom to bottom according to the filling volumes of the glass beads with different sizes.
According to the method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas, a device for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas comprises a condensing section, a collecting section and a separating and purifying section; the condensation section comprises a U-shaped tubular condensation device, and a pyrolysis gas inlet is formed in the tubular condensation device; said harvesting section comprises a harvesting tank;
the separation and purification section comprises a separation and purification device, a fractionating column, a product collecting tank, a product gas pipeline, a condensate water return pipeline and a condensate water inlet, wherein the fractionating column is arranged above the separation and purification device, a thermometer and the product gas pipeline are arranged on the upper portion of the fractionating column, the other end of the product gas pipeline is connected with the product collecting tank, a condensate water pipeline is arranged outside the product gas pipeline, a condensate water inlet is formed in the condensate water pipeline, and the two ends of the condensate water return pipeline are communicated with the condensate water pipeline and the condensate water inlet to form a condensate water return passage.
According to the method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating the biomass pyrolysis gas, the product gas pipeline is a bent pipe with an included angle larger than 90 degrees.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the U-shaped tubular condensing device uses the cheap wire netting or glass fiber as the filler of the U-shaped tubular condensing device, so that the heat exchange area can be increased, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the high-efficiency condensation is realized.
(2) The fillers in the separation and purification device are glass beads, are cheap and easily available, and the directional purification and separation of different types of pyroligneous liquor can be realized by regulating and controlling the volume ratio of the glass beads with different sizes, so that various high-quality pyroligneous liquor can be obtained, and the efficient condensation, collection and separation of pyrolysis gas can be realized; the method is simple and easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis gas efficient condensation, collection and separation device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
The high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation device for the biomass pyrolysis gas comprises a condensation section, a collection section and a separation and purification section; the condensation section comprises a U-shaped tubular condensation device 2, and a pyrolysis gas inlet 1 is formed in the tubular condensation device 2; the collecting section comprises a collecting tank 3;
the separation and purification section comprises a separation and purification device 4, a fractionating column 5, a product collecting tank 7, a product gas pipeline 8, a condensate water backflow pipeline 9 and a condensate water inlet 10, the fractionating column 5 is arranged above the separation and purification device 4, a thermometer 6 and the product gas pipeline 8 are arranged on the upper portion of the fractionating column 5, the product gas pipeline 8 is a bent pipe with an included angle larger than 90 degrees, the product gas pipeline 8 is divided into two ends and a section close to the fractionating column 5, under the action of condensate water, a part of gas is condensed and then enters the fractionating column again to start a distillation process, which is equivalent to carrying out another separation and purification on substances, and the separation and purification effect is improved;
the other end of the product gas pipeline 8 is connected with the product collecting tank 7, the outside of the product gas pipeline 8 is provided with a condensed water pipeline, the condensed water pipeline is provided with a condensed water inlet 10, and the two ends of the condensed water backflow pipeline 9 are communicated with the condensed water pipeline and the condensed water inlet 10 to form a water return passage of condensed water. The following embodiments 1-3 all adopt the device to carry out the gaseous high-efficient condensation of cedar wood bits pyrolysis and collect the separation process.
Example 1
A method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas comprises the following steps:
(1) under nitrogen purging, pyrolyzing 100g of China fir sawdust at 450 ℃ for 0.5h, and collecting pyrolysis gas;
(2) introducing pyrolysis gas into a U-shaped tubular condensing device 2 filled with wire gauze, and transferring collected condensed liquid into a collecting tank 3;
(3) standing the condensed liquid for 1 day, layering, transferring the supernatant to a separation and purification device, and starting separation and purification;
(4) controlling the rectification temperature to be 105 ℃, controlling the length of a fractionating column 5 to be 45cm, the diameter to be 10cm, the height of a packed glass ball to be 36cm, and controlling the diameter of a 5mm glass ball: 3mm glass ball: the volume ratio of 1mm glass spheres is 4:2:1, the reflux ratio is 4:1, and the lower layer heavy phase pyroligneous liquor is collected.
Example 2
A high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation method for biomass pyrolysis gas comprises the following steps:
(1) pyrolyzing 100g of China fir sawdust for 0.5h at 450 ℃ under nitrogen purging, and collecting pyrolysis gas;
(2) introducing pyrolysis gas into a U-shaped tubular condensing device 2 filled with wire gauze, and transferring collected condensed liquid into a collecting tank 3;
(3) standing the condensed liquid for 1 day, layering, transferring the supernatant to a separation and purification device, and starting separation and purification;
(4) controlling the rectification temperature to be 110 ℃, controlling the length of a fractionating column 5 to be 45cm, the diameter to be 10cm, the height of a packed glass ball to be 36cm, and controlling the diameter of a 5mm glass ball: 3mm glass ball: the volume ratio of 1mm glass spheres is 2:1:1, the reflux ratio is 4:1, and the lower layer heavy phase pyroligneous liquor is collected.
Example 3
A high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation method for biomass pyrolysis gas comprises the following steps:
(1) under nitrogen purging, pyrolyzing 100g of China fir sawdust at 450 ℃ for 0.5h, and collecting pyrolysis gas;
(2) introducing pyrolysis gas into a U-shaped tubular condensing device 2 filled with wire gauze, and transferring collected condensed liquid into a collecting tank 3;
(3) standing the condensed liquid for 1 day, layering, transferring the supernatant to a separation and purification device, and starting separation and purification;
(4) controlling the rectification temperature to be 105 ℃, controlling the length of a fractionating column 5 to be 45cm, the diameter to be 10cm, the height of a packed glass ball to be 36cm, and controlling the diameter of a 5mm glass ball: 3mm glass ball: the volume ratio of 1mm glass spheres is 4:2:1, the reflux ratio is 3:2, and lower layer heavy phase pyroligneous liquor is collected.
The organic components and pH of the heavy phase pyroligneous liquor collected in examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention efficiently realizes the condensation, collection and separation of the pyrolysis gas of cedar chips.
TABLE 1 results of organic component content and pH value of refined pyroligneous liquor in examples 1 to 3
| Examples | pH | Organic acid content (%) | Phenol content (%) |
| 1 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 0.6 |
| 2 | 2.0 | 10.0 | 1.0 |
| 3 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 0.3 |
Claims (1)
1. A method for efficiently condensing, collecting and separating biomass pyrolysis gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a biomass pyrolysis gas efficient condensation, collection and separation device is adopted, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is fully condensed through a tubular condensation device;
the high-efficiency condensation, collection and separation device for the biomass pyrolysis gas comprises a condensation section, a collection section and a separation and purification section; the condensation section comprises a U-shaped tubular condensation device (2), wherein the filler is an iron wire net or glass fiber, and the filling amount is 80-90% of the volume of the tubular condensation device; a pyrolysis gas inlet (1) is formed in the tubular condensing device (2); the collecting section comprises a collecting tank (3);
the separation and purification section comprises a separation and purification device (4), a fractionating column (5), a product collecting tank (7), a product gas pipeline (8), a condensed water backflow pipeline (9) and a condensed water inlet (10), the fractionating column (5) is arranged above the separation and purification device (4), a thermometer (6) and a product gas pipeline (8) are arranged at the upper part of the fractionating column (5), the product gas pipeline (8) is a bent pipe with an included angle larger than 90 degrees, the product gas pipeline (8) is divided into two ends and is close to one section of the fractionating column (5), and under the action of condensed water, part of gas is condensed and then enters the fractionating column again to start a distillation process; the other end of the product gas pipeline (8) is connected with the product collecting tank (7), a condensed water pipeline is arranged outside the product gas pipeline (8), a condensed water inlet (10) is formed in the condensed water pipeline, and two ends of a condensed water backflow pipeline (9) are communicated with the condensed water pipeline and the condensed water inlet (10) to form a condensed water return passage; the rectification temperature in the separation and purification device is 100-120 ℃; the filler is glass beads, the separation column is filled with glass beads with the diameters of 5mm, 3mm and 1mm respectively from bottom to top according to the filling volumes of the glass beads with different sizes, and the filling volume ratio of the glass beads with the three sizes is 4:2: 1; the packing height of the glass beads is 4/5 of the height of the fractionating column; the reflux ratio of the heavy component to the light component in the separation and purification process is 4: 1-3: 2;
(2) transferring the liquid obtained by condensation to a collection tank for standing and layering, and taking supernatant as crude pyroligneous liquor;
(3) adding the crude pyroligneous liquor into a separation and purification device, and separating and purifying the crude pyroligneous liquor to obtain refined pyroligneous liquor.
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