CN111971645A - Shape-changeable electronic device and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Shape-changeable electronic device and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111971645A CN111971645A CN202080002259.3A CN202080002259A CN111971645A CN 111971645 A CN111971645 A CN 111971645A CN 202080002259 A CN202080002259 A CN 202080002259A CN 111971645 A CN111971645 A CN 111971645A
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- flexible layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0414—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using force sensing means to determine a position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
- G05D23/02—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
- G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
- G09B21/003—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D25/00—Control of light, e.g. intensity, colour or phase
- G05D25/02—Control of light, e.g. intensity, colour or phase characterised by the use of electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04102—Flexible digitiser, i.e. constructional details for allowing the whole digitising part of a device to be flexed or rolled like a sheet of paper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
- G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
- G09B21/003—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays
- G09B21/004—Details of particular tactile cells, e.g. electro-mechanical or mechanical layout
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
Abstract
The present invention relates to a shape-changeable electronic device and an operating method thereof, and more particularly, to a shape-changeable electronic device including: a substrate having a cell region; a light source unit on the unit area; and a flexible layer vertically spaced apart from the light source unit. The flexible layer includes an actuator portion that changes a shape of the flexible layer, and the actuator portion includes: a photothermal response section receiving light emitted from the light source unit and generating thermal energy; a deformation portion that receives the thermal energy from the photothermal response portion and whose mechanical rigidity is reduced; and a top electrode and a bottom electrode respectively located on both surfaces of the deformation portion.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a shape-changeable electronic device and a method of operating the same, and more particularly, to a shape-changeable display and a method of operating the same.
Background
Recently, a planar touch interface combined with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been popularized worldwide due to rapid development and spread of touch screen-based electronic devices. Most of the currently used planar touch interfaces provide only tactile feedback, so that vibrations are transferred to the user's finger when the finger is in contact with the interface.
Recently, a technique of providing a feeling of clicking a button by controlling a dynamic driving signal of an actuator (e.g., a motor or a voice coil) or a technique of changing the intensity of haptic feedback according to a contact force has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a shape-variable device capable of exhibiting excellent durability and having various shapes and colors.
Another problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for operating a shape-variable device.
Technical scheme
The shape-changeable electronic device according to the inventive concept may include: a substrate having a cell region; a light source unit on the unit area; and a flexible layer vertically spaced apart from the light source unit. The flexible layer may include an actuator part that changes a shape of the flexible layer, and the actuator part may include: a photothermal response section receiving light emitted from the light source unit and generating thermal energy; a deformation portion that receives the thermal energy from the photothermal response portion and whose mechanical rigidity is reduced; and a top electrode and a bottom electrode respectively located on both surfaces of the deformation portion.
A shape-changeable electronic device according to another concept of the present invention may include: a substrate having a plurality of unit regions arranged two-dimensionally; a plurality of light source units respectively located in the plurality of unit regions; a flexible layer on the plurality of cell regions, the flexible layer extending horizontally across the plurality of cell regions; and a support unit on the substrate and supporting the flexible layer. The flexible layer may include: a bottom electrode and a top electrode generating an electrostatic force; and a deformation portion located between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. The shape of the deformation portion may be changed due to the light emitted from the light source unit and the electrostatic force.
The method of operating a shape-changeable electronic device according to still another concept of the present invention may include: emitting light from a light source unit to a photothermal response portion, wherein the photothermal response portion receives the light and generates thermal energy; heating a deformation portion by using the thermal energy, wherein the deformation portion is heated to reduce a mechanical rigidity thereof; and generating an electrostatic force between the bottom electrode and the top electrode to change the shape of the deformation portion.
Advantageous effects
The shape-changeable electronic device according to the present invention may provide a relatively thin flexible layer having various shapes and colors. Tactile feedback may be provided to the flexible layer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view for illustrating a shape variable display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1.
Each of fig. 3a, 3b and 3c is an enlarged sectional view of the region M of fig. 2.
Fig. 3d is a sectional view for illustrating one embodiment of the display part.
Fig. 4, 5 and 6 are sectional views for illustrating the operation of the shape variable display according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a shape-changeable display having a changed shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1 for illustrating a shape variable display according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9a and 9b are plan views of the photo-thermal response portion according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10a and 10b are plan views of a photo-thermal response portion according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Each of fig. 11a, 11b and 11c is an enlarged plan view of the N region of fig. 10 b.
Fig. 12 and 13 are each a sectional view of a photothermal response portion according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1 for illustrating a shape variable display according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a sectional view for illustrating an operation of the shape-variable display of fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a plan view for illustrating a shape variable display according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a plan view for illustrating the operation of the shape-changeable display of fig. 16.
Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 18.
Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing one example of a shape-changeable electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Each of fig. 21a and 21b is a perspective view showing an example in which the shape of the electronic device of fig. 20 is deformed.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to fully understand the constitution and effects of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms with various modifications, and is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
In the present specification, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening third elements may also be present. In addition, in the drawings, the thickness of components is exaggerated for the purpose of effectively describing technical features. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
Although terms such as first, second, and third are used in various embodiments of the present specification to describe various components, the components should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. The embodiments described and illustrated herein include additional embodiments thereof.
In the present specification, the terms are used only for explaining the embodiments, and do not limit the present invention. In this specification, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The use of "including" and/or "comprising" in the specification does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other components in addition to the referenced components.
The shape-changeable electronic device of the present invention may include various electronic devices having a flexible layer (flexible layer) whose shape is changed. Hereinafter, as one example of the shape-changeable electronic device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the shape-changeable display will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a plan view for illustrating a shape variable display according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1. Each of fig. 3a, 3b and 3c is an enlarged sectional view of the region M of fig. 2. Fig. 3d is a sectional view for illustrating one embodiment of the display part.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a Substrate (SUB) having a cell region (CEL) may be provided. The light source unit (LSP) may be disposed on the cell area (CEL) of the Substrate (SUB). The light source unit (LSP) may include an element capable of emitting light, for example, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) or an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). The light source unit (LSP) may be disposed within the cell area (CEL) when viewed in a plane. The light source units (LSPs) may have various shapes and are illustrated as circular shapes in fig. 1.
As one example, the light source unit (LSP) may include one light emitting element (e.g., LED). As another example, the light source unit (LSP) may include a plurality of light emitting elements (e.g., a plurality of micro-LEDs).
The surrounding Support Unit (SUP) may be arranged on the Substrate (SUB). A flexible layer (FLL) supported by the support cells (SUP) may be disposed on the cell region (CEL). The Support Unit (SUP) may surround the flexible layer (FLL) when viewed in plan. The flexible layer (FLL) may be vertically (i.e. in a third direction (D3)) spaced apart from the light source unit (LSP) by the Support Unit (SUP). The flexible layer (FLL) may comprise a plurality of laminate layers. Each of the plurality of layers constituting the flexible layer (FLL) may be formed using a flexible material such that the shape thereof is deformable.
The flexible layer (FLL) may include an actuator part (ACP), a display part (DIP), and a sensor part (SSP) sequentially stacked on the light source unit (LSP). Each of the actuator part (ACP), the display part (DIP), and the sensor part (SSP) according to an embodiment of the present invention may be formed using a flexible material such that the shape thereof is deformable.
The actuator portion (ACP) may actively deform the shape of the flexible layer (FLL). The actuator part (ACP) may be spaced apart from the light source unit (LSP) in the third direction (D3) by the Support Unit (SUP). An empty space (EMS) may be defined between the actuator part (ACP), the Support Unit (SUP), and the light source unit (LSP).
The actuator part (ACP) may be a Photo-thermal response Part (PTR), a Bottom Electrode (BEL), a Deformation part (DFL), and a Top Electrode (TEL). According to the present embodiment, the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR), the Bottom Electrode (BEL), the deformation portion (DFL), and the Top Electrode (TEL) may be sequentially stacked in the third direction (D3).
The Photo-thermal responsive Portion (PTR) may include a Photo-thermal material (Photo-thermal material) that may absorb light (e.g., visible light or infrared light) and generate heat. For example, the photo-thermo-responsive moiety (PTR) may comprise poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrene sulfonate)), or a PEDOT/metal particle composite.
For example, forming the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may include forming a polymer film having photo-thermal response characteristics on a Bottom Electrode (BEL) by using a surface deposition method (e.g., spray coating or spin coating).
Each of the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) may include a conductive material that may maintain conductivity even when its shape is deformed. The conductive material may have a bonding property, i.e., a tendency to bond to a deformed portion (DFL). As one example, each of the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) may include at least one of a nanowire, graphene, a carbon nanotube, a flexible metal, and a flexible conductive polymer.
Preferably, each of the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) may include nanowires or carbon nanotubes having a network structure including voids. When the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) include nanowires or carbon nanotubes having a mesh structure, the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) may be embedded within the deformation portion (DFL). When the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) are embedded (embedded) in the deformed portion (DFL), the bonding characteristics between the electrode and the deformed portion (DFL) can be improved, and the conductivity of the electrode can hardly be reduced even when the shape is repeatedly deformed.
The deformation portion (DFL) may include a dielectric polymer layer (dielectric polymer layer) having a bistable characteristic in which a mechanical property changes with temperature. The deformation portion (DFL) has a bistable property and thus may have a high mechanical stiffness at room temperature, but its mechanical stiffness may be significantly reduced at a specific temperature or higher. That is, the deformation portion (DFL) may be rigid (rigid) at room temperature, and the deformation portion (DFL) may become flexible at a specific temperature or higher.
The term "mechanical rigidity" used in the present invention may be a value obtained by measuring the resistance of the deformed portion (DFL) against shape deformation. For example, referring to fig. 5, when the electrostatic force (ESF) is applied to the deformed portion (DFL) along the third direction (D3), the mechanical stiffness may be represented by a ratio (ESF/DED) of the electrostatic force (ESF) to a protruding distance (DED) of the deformed portion (DFL) in the third direction (D3).
When the deformed portion (DFL) is not deformed at all even if the electrostatic force (ESF) is applied in the third direction (D3), the protruding distance (DED) is zero. Therefore, in this case, the value of the mechanical rigidity of the deformation portion (DFL) may be very large, such as infinite.
When the deformed portion (DFL) is bent in the third direction (D3) due to the electrostatic force (ESF) applied in the third direction (D3), the protruding distance (DED) may have a specific value. In this case, the value of the mechanical rigidity can be significantly reduced when compared with the case where the above-described protruding distance (DED) is zero.
The deformable portion (DFL) may comprise a shape memory polymer (shape memory polymer). For example, the shape memory polymer may be selected from the group consisting of poly (t-butyl acrylate) (PTBA), poly (tert-butyl acrylate), tert-butyl acrylate copolymer (tert-butyl acrylate copolymer), and stearyl acrylate polymer (stearyl acrylate polymer).
The display part (DIP) on the actuator part (ACP) may output a graphical user interface. Specifically, the display part (DIP) may emit light having a specific wavelength (e.g., visible light). The display part (DIP) may include at least one pixel. According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a case where the shape-changeable electronic device is not required to have a display function, a display portion (DIP) may be omitted. For example, when the electronic device according to the present invention is used in a braille device for the blind, a display portion (DIP) may be omitted.
Referring to fig. 3a, a display part (DIP) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail. The display section (DIP) may include first to fourth electrodes (EL1-EL4) and first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) disposed therebetween. The first to fourth electrodes (EL1-EL4) and the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) are alternately stacked on each other.
The first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) may emit light having a specific wavelength. As one example, the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) may emit red, green, and blue light, respectively. The display part (DIP) may display a desired color through a combination of the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL 3).
Each of the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) may include an electroluminescent material (electroluminescent material). As one example, each of the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) may include a sulfide-based electroluminescent material or a selenide-based electroluminescent material dispersed in a flexible polymer. As another example, the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) may include OLEDs such as polymer LEDs. As yet another example, each of the first through third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) can include electroluminescent quantum dots dispersed in a flexible polymer.
Referring to fig. 3b, a display part (DIP) according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail. The display section (DIP) may include first and second electrodes (EL1, EL2) and a light-emitting layer (LEL) disposed therebetween. The display part (DIP) may further include a Color Filter (CF) on the second electrode (EL 2). The light-emitting layer (LEL) may be the same as one of the first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) described above with reference to fig. 3 a. As one example, the Color Filter (CF) may include quantum dots within a flexible polymer. The display part (DIP) may display a desired color through a Color Filter (CF).
Referring to fig. 3c, a display part (DIP) according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail. The display part (DIP) may include first and second electrodes (EL1, EL2) and a Liquid Crystal Layer (LCL) disposed therebetween. The display part (DIP) may further include a Color Filter (CF) on the second electrode (EL 2). When voltages different from each other are applied through the first and second electrodes (EL1, EL2), liquid crystals of the Liquid Crystal Layer (LCL) are arranged in one direction, and thus the transmittance may be increased. Accordingly, light emitted from the light source unit (LSP) may penetrate the actuator part (ACP) and the Liquid Crystal Layer (LCL). When the light passes through the Color Filter (CF), the display part (DIP) may display a desired color.
Referring to fig. 3d, a display part (DIP) according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail. The display portion (DIP) may be formed in the deformation portion (DFL). Specifically, the deformed portion (DFL) may include first to third light-emitting layers (LEL1-LEL3) in which electroluminescent particles (ELPs) are dispersed. The light-emitting layer (LEL1-LEL3) can be constructed by dispersing electroluminescent particles (ELPs) into a shape memory polymer layer. The deformation part (DFL) may further include a first electrode (EL1) between the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer (LEL1, LEL2) and a second electrode (EL2) between the second light emitting layer and the third light emitting layer (LEL2, LEL 3). The deformation portion (DFL) according to the present embodiment may actively deform the shape of the flexible layer (FLL) and perform a display function.
Referring again to fig. 1 and 2, the sensor part (SSP) may receive information from a user. Specifically, the sensor part (SSP) may include a touch sensor capable of recognizing a touch of a user. For example, the sensor part (SSP) may include a pressure sensor capable of sensing pressure applied to a predetermined area.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, in the case where it is not necessary for the shape-changeable electronic device to have a function of receiving information from a user, the Sensor Section (SSP) can be omitted. For example, when the electronic device according to the present invention is used in a Digital wall (Digital wall) for advertising products, the Sensor Section (SSP) may be omitted.
Although not shown, the shape-changeable display according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a signal control module. The signal control module may be connected to the light source unit (LSP), the actuator part (ACP), the display part (DIP), and the sensor part (SSP). The signal control module may control operations of the light source unit (LSP), the actuator part (ACP), and the display part (DIP). The signal control module may receive signals from the Sensor Section (SSP) and provide feedback.
Fig. 4, 5 and 6 are sectional views for illustrating the operation of the shape variable display according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a shape-changeable display having a changed shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 4, first light (LI1) may be emitted from the light source unit (LSP), and the first light (LI1) may be generated to the photo-thermal response Part (PTR). THE photothermal response Portion (PTR) may generate thermal energy (he) in response to THE incident first light (LI 1). Thermal energy (THE) generated from THE photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may be transferred to THE deformation portion (DFL).
THE temperature of THE deformation portion (DFL) may increase due to THE thermal energy (he). As the temperature of the deformation portion (DFL) increases to a certain temperature or higher, the mechanical rigidity of the deformation portion (DFL) may decrease. That is, the rigid deformable portion (DFL) may be changed to be flexible.
Referring to fig. 5, when a voltage is applied to the lower electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL), an electrostatic force may be generated therebetween. The shape of the flexible Deformation (DFL) may be changed due to an electrostatic force (ESF) in the third direction (D3). For example, buckling deformation (buckled deformation) in the third direction (D3) may occur in the deformation portion (DFL).
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a deformation portion (DFL) that becomes flexible may be deformed by supplying pressure of air, gas, and fluid instead of an electrostatic force. That is, by adding a device capable of applying hydraulic pressure (hydro-pressure) or pneumatic pressure (pneumatic pressure) to the deformation portion (DFL), the deformation portion (DFL) can be deformed using the device.
Referring to fig. 5 and 7, as the shape of the deformed portion (DFL) is changed, a protruding region (PP) protruding in the third direction (D3) is formed in the flexible layer (FLL). The protrusion area (PP) may have a circular button shape corresponding to a planar shape of the light source unit (LSP).
When the temperature of the deformed portion (DFL) is lowered to a certain temperature or lower after the deformed portion (DFL) is deformed by an electrostatic force, the deformed portion (DFL) may become rigid while maintaining the deformed shape. Therefore, even if the voltage is no longer applied to the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL), the flexible layer (FLL) can maintain the deformed shape (projected button shape) as it is. That is, although the voltage is not applied to the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL), the protruding region (PP) of the flexible layer (FLL) may remain as it is.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the second light (LI2) may be emitted from the display part (DIP). The second light (LI2) may have a particular wavelength (e.g., a particular color). The protrusion area (PP) may have a specific color by the second light (LI2) emitted from the display part (DIP). When the user touches the highlight area (PP), the sensor part (SSP) may recognize the touch and transmit a signal to the signal control module.
A method for restoring the shape-changeable display to the initial state shown in fig. 4 will be additionally described. As described above with reference to fig. 4, the deformed portion (DFL) may be made flexible by heating the deformed portion (DFL) via the light source unit (LSP).
The shape of the flexible Deformation (DFL) can be changed by applying voltages to the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL) in a manner opposite to that shown above in fig. 5. For example, when the deformed portion (DFL) includes a polar polymer or ion, the polar polymer or ion moves in a direction opposite to the third direction (D3), and thus the deformed portion (DFL) may be restored to the shape shown in fig. 4.
When the temperature of the deformed portion (DFL) is reduced to a certain temperature or lower after the flexible layer (FLL) is restored to the shape shown in fig. 4, the flexible layer (FLL) may be rigid while maintaining the restored shape.
The shape-variable display according to the embodiment of the present invention may heat the deformed portion (DFL) by the photothermal response method, instead of heating the deformed portion (DFL) by the Joule heating method. Therefore, the entire deformed portion (DFL) can be uniformly heated in a short time. In addition, since the joule heating electrode is not used according to the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode is not damaged, and thus excellent durability can be obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, since the deformation portion (DFL) has a bistable property, when the deformation portion (DFL) becomes rigid after the shape of the deformation portion (DFL) is deformed, even if a voltage is not always applied to the Bottom Electrode (BEL) and the Top Electrode (TEL), the deformation of the flexible layer (FLL) may be maintained as it is. Therefore, power consumption of the display element can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the protrusion area (PP) is formed in the flexible layer (FLL), and the protrusion area (PP) may have a specific color. For example, in the present invention, a button having an existing analog shape may be formed on the display. The user visually and tactually recognizes the protrusion area (PP) and can input information to the electronic device of the present invention by pushing the protrusion area.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the actuator part (ACP) does not use a mechanical driving means, and thus can have a thin structure. That is, the actuator section (ACP) can be miniaturized.
As a shape-variable electronic device according to a comparative example of the present invention, there is a device in which a vibrotactile sensation is provided from a flexible touch interface by using a polymer active material (polymer active material) -based flexible actuator. There is also a device in which a flexible polymer film is deformed by using hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure, or a device in which joule heating and a material with variable mechanical properties are combined.
However, in the case where the vibrotactile sensation is provided by using the shape deformation of the polymer material, the deterioration of the vibrotactile sensation occurs due to the flexibility of the material. In the case of the technique using hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure, it is difficult to miniaturize the apparatus due to the hydraulic pressure supply means or the pneumatic pressure supply means. In the technique using joule heating, a change in resistance occurs due to a force applied to the joule heating electrode, and thus the durability of the electrode may deteriorate. Further, when the polymer material is heated by joule heating, it is difficult to uniformly heat the material in a short time. Temperature deviations of the material may lead to non-uniformity of shape deformation.
On the other hand, the shape-variable electronic device according to the present invention changes the mechanical properties of the material based on the photo-thermal response, so the material can be heated rapidly and uniformly. In addition, the device has excellent durability and can be miniaturized. Further, the shape-variable device according to the present invention can provide various shapes and colors, and thus can be applied to a shape-variable input apparatus for vehicles/mobile devices, a braille display for blind persons, an educational textbook for tangible interaction (interactive), or a museum cultural relic experience type apparatus.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1 for illustrating a shape variable display according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9a and 9b are plan views of the photo-thermal response portion according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10a and 10b are plan views of a photo-thermal response portion according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Each of fig. 11a, 11b and 11c is an enlarged plan view of the N region of fig. 10 b. Fig. 12 and 13 are each a sectional view of a photothermal response portion according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the description of technical features overlapping those described above with reference to fig. 1 and 2 will be omitted, and differences will be described in detail.
Referring to fig. 8, 9a and 9b, a photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may include the polymer-based photo-thermal material described above. The photothermal response Portion (PTR) may be embedded (embedded) within the deformed portion (DFL) by using a transfer process. For example, a bottom surface of the photo-thermal responsive Portion (PTR) may be coplanar with a bottom surface of the deformation portion (DFL).
As one example, as shown in fig. 9a, the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may be formed to have the same planar shape as the light source unit (LSP). The photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may be formed to have a circular shape.
As another example, as shown in fig. 9b, the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may include a plurality of quadrangle patterns (SPAs). One photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may be configured by arranging a plurality of patterns (SPAs) in a specific shape.
Referring to fig. 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, and 11c, the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may include a metal pattern having a meta-structure. The metal pattern of the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may have a pattern shape (i.e., a meta structure) capable of absorbing a wavelength of light emitted from the light source unit (LSP). The metal pattern of the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may be formed on the deformed portion (DFL) by using a photolithography process. The metal pattern of the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may be embedded within the deformation portion (DFL).
Referring to fig. 10a, the metal patterns may have a one-dimensional arrangement such as a first metal pattern (MEP1) or a two-dimensional arrangement such as a mesh shape of a second metal pattern (MEP 2).
Referring to fig. 10b, the metal pattern having the above-described arrangement such as the mesh shape of the second metal pattern (MEP2) may be configured using the fine pattern shown in fig. 11a to 11 c. The fine pattern (MEP3) of fig. 11a has a wire grid shape, the fine pattern (MEP4) of fig. 11b has a quadrangular patch shape, and the fine pattern (MEP5) of fig. 11c has a tapered shape.
Referring to fig. 12, the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may include a flexible Base Layer (BL) and metal particles (MEP) dispersed in the flexible layer. The photo-thermal response Part (PTR) according to the present embodiment may convert light emitted from the light source unit (LSP) into thermal energy by using surface plasmon resonance (surface plasmon resonance) of dispersed metal particles (MEP). The material, size, shape and density of the metal particles (MEPs) may be adjusted such that the wavelength at which surface plasmon resonance is generated matches the wavelength of light emitted from the light source unit (LSP).
Referring to fig. 13, the photo-thermal response Portion (PTR) may include metal particles (MEPs) dispersed within a deformed portion (DFL). That is, the Base Layer (BL) of fig. 12 may be omitted. The metal particles (MEP) are dispersed in the deformed portion (DFL), and can absorb the light of the light source unit (LSP) and directly heat the deformed portion (DFL).
Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1 for illustrating a shape variable display according to still another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 15 is a sectional view for illustrating an operation of the shape-variable display of fig. 14. In the present embodiment, the description of technical features overlapping those described above with reference to fig. 1 and 2 will be omitted, and differences will be described in detail.
Referring to fig. 14, the display part (DIP) on one cell area (CEL) may include a plurality of Pixels (PX). That is, the display part (DIP) may include a pixel array.
Referring to fig. 15, in the protrusion region (PP) formed when the flexible layer (FLL) is deformed, the Pixels (PX) of the display portion (DIP) may emit light having different colors. Since the Pixels (PX) of the display part (DIP) generate different colors, a specific image can be output on the highlight area (PP).
Fig. 16 is a plan view for illustrating a shape variable display according to still another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a plan view for illustrating the operation of the shape-changeable display of fig. 16. Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 18. In the present embodiment, the description of technical features overlapping those described above with reference to fig. 1 to 6 will be omitted, and differences will be described in detail.
Referring to fig. 16 and 17, a Substrate (SUB) having a plurality of cell regions (CEL) may be provided. The cell regions (CEL) may be two-dimensionally arranged along the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2). Cell regions (CEL) may constitute a two-dimensional array. For example, the cell region (CEL) may comprise a first, a second and a third cell region (CEL1, CEL2, CEL3) arranged side by side in the first direction (D1).
The light source units (LSP) may be respectively disposed on the cell areas (CEL). As one example, the light source units (LSPs) may have the same size and shape. As another example, the light source units (LSPs) may have different sizes and different shapes.
The Support Unit (SUP) may be arranged on the Substrate (SUB). The support cell (SUP) may surround a plurality of cell regions (CEL) when viewed in plan. That is, one support cell (SUP) may define a plurality of cell regions (CEL).
One flexible layer (FLL) may be disposed on a plurality of cell regions (CEL). The flexible layer (FLL) is disposed on the plurality of cell regions (CEL), and may extend through the plurality of cell regions (CEL) along a horizontal direction, i.e., the first direction (D1) and the second direction (D2). The flexible layer (FLL) may overlap with the plurality of cell areas (CEL) and the plurality of light source units (LSP) when viewed in a plane.
The flexible layer (FLL) may be spaced apart from the light source unit (LSP) in a third direction (D3) by the Support Unit (SUP). The flexible layer (FLL) may include an actuator section (ACP), a display section (DIP), and a Sensor Section (SSP) that are sequentially stacked.
Referring to fig. 18 and 19, light is emitted from some of the light source units (LSP), and the shape of the flexible layer (FLL) on some portions of the cell area (CEL) may change. For example, light may be emitted from the light source units (LSPs) on the first and third cell areas (CEL1, CEL 3). The mechanical rigidity of the Actuator Sections (ACPs) on the first and third cell regions (CEL1, CEL3) can be reduced. That is, the Actuator Sections (ACPs) on the first and third cell regions (CEL1, CEL3) may become flexible. On the other hand, the mechanical rigidity of the actuator section (ACP) on the second cell region (CEL2) may be maintained as it is. That is, the actuator part (ACP) on the second cell region (CEL2) may be rigid as it is.
As described above with reference to fig. 5, when an electric field is generated, the shape of the actuator part (ACP) that becomes flexible on the first and third cell regions (CEL1, CEL3) may change. Thus, the shape of the flexible layer (FLL) on the first and third cell regions (CEL1, CEL3) may change. A first protrusion region (PP1) and a second protrusion region (PP2) may be formed in the flexible layer (FLL) on the first and third cell regions (CEL1, CEL3), respectively.
On the other hand, since the actuator section (ACP) on the second cell region (CEL2) is in a rigid state, its shape may not change even if an electric field is generated. Therefore, no protruding region may be formed on the second cell region (CEL 2).
The display sections (DIP) on the first and third cell regions (CEL1, CEL3) may display colors. Accordingly, each of the first and second protruding regions (PP1, PP2) may have a particular color.
According to embodiments of the invention, different shape deformations may occur on each of the plurality of cell areas (CEL) by one flexible layer (FLL) supported by one support cell (SUP).
Generally, a plurality of support cells (SUP) are provided in the related art shape-changeable electronic device, and surround cell areas (CEL) in one mesh shape, respectively. In this case, since the support cells (SUP) having the shape of the partition wall are disposed between the adjacent cell regions (CEL), the display area of the device is increased, and the shape deformation is restricted. However, since one flexible layer (FLL) is disposed on a plurality of cell areas (CEL) in the present invention, various shapes can be obtained only by turning on/off the light source unit (LSP).
Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing one example of a shape-changeable electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Each of fig. 21a and 21b is a perspective view showing an example in which the shape of the electronic device of fig. 20 is deformed.
Referring to fig. 20, a shape-changeable electronic device (SVE) according to the present invention may be provided in a plate shape having a flat top surface.
Referring to fig. 21a, the shape of the shape-changeable electronic device (SVE) of fig. 20 may be changed into a keypad shape (SVE1) according to the user's desire. In particular, the top surface of the device may protrude like the shape of the keys of the keyboard.
Referring to fig. 21b, the shape of the shape-changeable electronic device (SVE) of fig. 20 may be changed to a piano key shape (SVE2) according to the user's desire. In particular, the top surface of the device may protrude like the shape of a key of a piano. In addition, the color of the keys may be generated through a display part (DIP) of the device.
The shape-changeable electronic device according to the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to various electronic apparatuses in addition to those described above with reference to fig. 20, 21a, and 21 b. For example, the shape-changeable electronic device of the present invention can be applied to a user manipulation apparatus embedded in a vehicle or applied to a user manipulation apparatus in a mobile device. The shape-changeable electronic device of the present invention can be applied to braille equipment for the blind. The shape-changeable electronic device can be applied to cultural relic experience equipment in a museum.
Although the embodiments of the inventive concept have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical concept or essential features. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
Claims (20)
1. A shape-modifiable electronic device, comprising:
a substrate having a cell region;
a light source unit on the unit area; and
a flexible layer vertically spaced apart from the light source unit,
wherein the flexible layer includes an actuator portion that changes a shape of the flexible layer, and
the actuator section includes:
a photothermal response section receiving light emitted from the light source unit and generating thermal energy;
a deformation portion that receives the thermal energy from the photothermal response portion and whose mechanical rigidity is reduced; and
and a top electrode and a bottom electrode respectively located on both surfaces of the deformation portion.
2. A shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal responsive portion is embedded within the deformation portion.
3. The form-changeable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal responsive portion is a polymer film comprising a photo-thermal material.
4. Shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the photo-thermal response part includes a metal pattern having a cell structure.
5. The shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal responsive portion includes metal particles dispersed in the deformed portion, and
the metal particles generate the thermal energy from the emitted light by using surface plasmon resonance.
6. The shape-modifiable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the deformation comprises a shape-memory polymer.
7. A shape-variable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom electrode and the top electrode generate an electrostatic force therebetween and change the shape of the deformation portion having a reduced mechanical stiffness.
8. A shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible layer further comprises a display portion on the actuator portion, and
the display portion includes at least one pixel.
9. The shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 8, wherein the display portion comprises a light-emitting layer and an electrode which are alternately laminated on each other, and
each of the light emitting layers includes an electroluminescent material.
10. A shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the flexible layer further comprises a sensor part on the actuator part, and
the sensor section recognizes a touch of a user.
11. The shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the unit area includes a plurality of unit areas arranged two-dimensionally,
the light source unit includes a plurality of light source units respectively located in the plurality of unit regions, and
the flexible layer overlaps the plurality of unit regions when viewed in a plane.
12. The shape changeable electronic device of claim 11, further comprising a support unit supporting the flexible layer,
wherein the support unit surrounds the plurality of unit regions when viewed in a plane.
13. A shape-modifiable electronic device, comprising:
a substrate having a plurality of unit regions arranged two-dimensionally;
a plurality of light source units respectively located in the plurality of unit regions;
a flexible layer on the plurality of cell regions, the flexible layer extending horizontally across the plurality of cell regions; and
a support unit on the substrate and supporting the flexible layer,
wherein the flexible layer comprises:
a bottom electrode and a top electrode generating an electrostatic force; and
a deformation portion located between the bottom electrode and the top electrode,
wherein a shape of the deformation portion is changed due to the light emitted from the light source unit and the electrostatic force.
14. The form changeable electronic device of claim 13, wherein the flexible layer further comprises a photo-thermal response portion that receives the emitted light and transfers thermal energy to the deformation portion.
15. The shape-modifiable electronic device of claim 13, wherein the deformation comprises a shape-memory polymer.
16. A shape-changeable electronic device according to claim 13, wherein the flexible layer further comprises a display portion on the deformation portion, and
the display section has pixels respectively located on the plurality of unit regions.
17. A method of operating a shape-modifiable electronic device comprising a light source unit and a flexible layer on the light source unit,
wherein the flexible layer comprises a photo-thermal response portion, a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and a deformation portion between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, and
the operation method comprises the following steps:
emitting light from the light source unit to the photothermal response portion, wherein the photothermal response portion receives the light and generates thermal energy;
heating the deformation portion by using the thermal energy, wherein the deformation portion is heated to reduce a mechanical rigidity thereof; and
an electrostatic force is generated between the bottom electrode and the top electrode to change the shape of the deformation portion.
18. The method of operation of claim 17, wherein the flexible layer further comprises a display portion, and
the operating method further includes displaying a specific color on the flexible layer having the changed shape by using the display part.
19. The method of operation of claim 17, wherein the flexible layer further comprises a sensor portion, and
the operating method further includes recognizing a touch of a user applied on the flexible layer having the changed shape by using the sensor part.
20. The operating method according to claim 17, wherein a shape of the flexible layer in a region not irradiated with light from the light source unit is not changed.
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| PCT/KR2020/000975 WO2020153693A1 (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2020-01-21 | Shape-variable electronic device and operation method thereof |
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| KR101466787B1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2014-11-28 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Method of forming line and electrode pattern using nano-particles and fabricating array substrate for liquid crystal display device using the same |
| US9600070B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2017-03-21 | Apple Inc. | User interface having changeable topography |
| US8345013B2 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2013-01-01 | Immersion Corporation | Method and apparatus for generating haptic feedback from plasma actuation |
| US8279200B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-10-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Light-induced shape-memory polymer display screen |
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| JP5843437B2 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2016-01-13 | デュプロ精工株式会社 | Plate making method, plate making apparatus and stencil printing apparatus |
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| US10444838B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2019-10-15 | Immersion Corporation | Thermally activated haptic output device |
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