CN111969306A - Circularly polarized folding transmission array - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circular polarization folding transmission array, which comprises a bottom super surface, a top super surface and a feed source; the super surface in bottom and feed integration, the super surface in top is located the top, and the super surface in top and the super surface distance in bottom be the third of transmission battle array focus, and traditional transmission battle array relatively, the super surface distance in top and the bottom of this folding transmission battle array is the third of focus, can realize circular polarized wave simultaneously. The folded transmission array has the characteristics of low profile, simple design, planarization and the like, and has important application value in the aspect of high-gain low-profile antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of high-gain antennas, wireless communication, satellite communication and positioning tracking, and particularly relates to a circularly polarized folded transmission array.
Background
The reflective array antenna is widely applied to the fields of satellites, radars and mobile long-distance communication as a high-gain antenna. The traditional reflection array antenna is composed of a feed source and a reflection array, wherein the reflection array is mainly used for compensating phase difference caused by different propagation paths between a front array unit and the feed source, and the feed source is mainly used for exciting the whole front array. The traditional reflective array antenna is heavy and occupies a large space, wherein the space in the thickness direction mainly depends on the feed source, the distance between the feed source and the main reflective array and the size of the main reflective array. In the past, a reflector array with an over-paraboloid structure makes preparation and processing of a system complex and bulkier, and brings great trouble to debugging and installation of an antenna. The super-surface-based reflective array antenna can greatly reduce the processing difficulty and complexity through a planarization structure, and the thickness of the reflective array antenna can be reduced through an ultra-thin unit structure. In addition, the thickness of the feed source can be reduced and the volume can be reduced through the planar microstrip or integrated chip waveguide antenna. However, due to the large distance between the feed source and the reflective array, the antenna profile is further reduced to face a great challenge.
In order to solve the problem of overlarge distance between a feed source and a reflection array, a folding array is developed based on a ray tracing method. The most one type of folding array is researched and is a folding reflection array, and reflected waves in the folding array obtain phase compensation on the bottom super surface. It usually consists of polarization grating, reflection array and feed source. The height of the reflective array and the polarization grating is half of the focal length of the traditional reflective array. The bottom main reflective array unit mainly provides polarization conversion and phase compensation, and the polarization grating on the top can selectively reflect or transmit orthogonal polarized waves. Because the folded reflective array has a low profile and a compact structure, many studies have been conducted at present, such as: beam scanning, multi-beam generation, waveform design, etc. However, due to the presence of the polarization grating, the circular polarization cannot be selectively transmitted. The linear circular polarization converter can be added above the folding reflective array, so that circular polarization can be effectively realized, but the cost is increased.
Another type, corresponding to the reflective array, is the transmissive array which has attracted much attention in the fields of wireless communication, satellite communication, positioning and tracking, and the like. Similar to the folded reflective array, the transmissive array in the folded transmissive array can act as a polarization grating while compensating for the phase of the transmitted wave. However, achieving both polarization and transmission phase control, particularly in the broadband range, remains particularly difficult. Unlike folded reflective arrays, folded transmissive arrays have very limited research.
Over the past two decades, metamaterials or metamaterials have unique advantages in beam propagation control as artificial periodic mediums. In the design process of the folding transmission array, the super-surface polarization grid consisting of the orthogonal polarization grid and the transmission phase-shifting structure can realize 90-degree transmission polarization rotation and transmission phase adjustment. However, similar to the folded reflective array, the folded transmissive array still faces the difficulty of implementing circular polarization. An ideal way to add a linear circular polarization conversion device above the transmission folded array can solve this contradiction, but inevitably brings about profile increase, loss increase, and the like. To our knowledge, circularly polarized folded transmissive arrays have not been reported publicly.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the traditional transmission array, the feed source is too far away from the transmission array, so that the volume is heavy; meanwhile, most of folding arrays have the problem that circular polarization is difficult to realize due to structural limitation, and the like, and the folding transmission array for circular polarization is provided and comprises a bottom super surface, a feed source and a top super surface. The top super-surface is total reflection for polarized waves incident by x, can realize linear-to-circular polarization for y polarized waves, and can compensate circularly polarized phases. The bottom super-surface mainly realizes the conversion of reflection cross linear polarization. Theoretical analysis shows that primary polarization conversion occurs on the bottom and top super-surfaces respectively, so that the distance between the upper super-surface and the lower super-surface is one third of the focal distance. The circularly polarized folded transmission array is realized for the first time based on the super-surface structure, and has the characteristics of low profile, simple design, planarization and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a circular polarization folding transmission array comprises a bottom super surface, a top super surface and a feed source; the bottom super surface is integrated with the feed source, the top super surface is positioned above the feed source, and the distance between the top super surface and the bottom super surface is one third of the focal distance of the transmission array.
The circular polarization folding transmission array comprises a metal pattern layer, a medium matrix and a metal back plate from top to bottom, wherein the metal pattern layer is a metal opening square ring, and an opening is positioned at the top angle of the square ring.
The circular polarization folding transmission array comprises a metal radiation layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal backboard, a dielectric substrate and a metal receiving layer from top to bottom, wherein a hole is formed in the middle of the metal backboard, so that electromagnetic energy coupling between the metal radiation layer and the metal receiving layer is realized in a metal through hole mode.
The circular polarization folding transmission array is characterized in that the metal receiving layer on the top super surface is a square patch with a U-shaped groove in the middle.
The circular polarization folding transmission array is characterized in that the metal radiation layer on the top super surface is a square patch which is provided with a U-shaped groove in the middle and is subjected to corner cutting treatment at the auxiliary diagonal position.
The circularly polarized folded transmission array is characterized in that the feed source is a linearly polarized patch antenna and sequentially comprises a V-shaped groove pattern metal patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal back plate from top to bottom.
The invention has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the circular polarization folding transmission array can effectively produce circular polarization waves; meanwhile, the feed source distance of the existing transmission array antenna can be greatly reduced, so that the distance between the existing transmission array feed source and the transmission array becomes one third of the original focal distance; the designed folding transmission array has the advantages of high gain, low profile, simple design, planarization, low cost, simple processing and installation and the like, and the low profile has extremely high application prospect in satellite communication and radar detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) a circular polarization folded transmission array design schematic diagram (b) a top super-surface transmits x-polarization waves in a total reflection mode (c) the top super-surface transmits y-polarization waves and converts the y-polarization waves into left-hand circular polarization waves, and meanwhile, under the condition that phase compensation is carried out on the circular polarization waves and linear polarization incidence is carried out, linear polarization-to-cross polarization is achieved on a bottom super-surface.
FIG. 2 is a top metamaterial unit structure schematic. (a) Perspective view (b) upper layer metal pattern (c) bottom layer metal pattern.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top super-surface unit at x-polarized normal incidence (a), reflection and transmission coefficients (c); structural schematic of the top super-surface unit at y-polarization normal incidence (b), reflection and transmission coefficients (d).
FIG. 4(a) top super-surface rotation diagram. T corresponding to different rotation angles of upper layer metal pattern under vertical incidence of y polarized wavelcp_yAmplitude and phase (b-c). R corresponding to different rotation angles of upper layer metal pattern under vertical incidence of x-polarized wavex_xAmplitude and phase (d-e).
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic view of a bottom super-surface structure. (b) Simulation homopolarization R under linear polarization incidencex_xAnd cross polarization Ry_xA reflection coefficient.
Fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of a transmission array antenna. (b) And simulating a circular polarization folding transmission array structure model. (c) The top super surface bottom layer pattern is enlarged schematically. (d) Schematic diagram of patch antenna feed.
Fig. 7(a) simulates and actually measures the S11 parameters of the circular polarization folded transmissive array and patch antenna. (b) And simulating and testing the axial ratio AR and the Gain parameters of the circularly polarized folded transmission array antenna.
FIG. 8 shows simulated and actually measured E-plane (a) and H-plane (b) directional patterns of a circular polarization folded transmission array at 10.5 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
1 mechanism of design
A circular polarization folded transmission array is designed according to the principle shown in figure 1(a), and comprises three parts: bottom super surface, top super surface, feed source. The top super surface satisfies three conditions during the design process, see fig. 1(b, c). First, it acts as a conventional polarization grating, transmitting the y-polarized wave and reflecting the x-polarized wave. Secondly, when the electromagnetic wave passes through the top super-surface, it can realize linear polarization to circular polarization, the polarization characteristics of which depend on the cell structure type, and we only consider left-hand circular polarization in this document. Finally, it can provide phase compensation for the transmitted wave, satisfying the beam orientation condition. The bottom super-surface enables linearly polarized incidence, crossed linearly polarized reflection, see fig. 1 (d).
Based on the functional assumptions of the above components, the propagation trajectories of the circularly polarized folded transmission array are as shown in fig. 3(a) - (d). when an x-polarized wave emitted from a feed source reaches the top super-surface, the electromagnetic wave will undergo mirror bounce on the top super-surface due to the polarization sensitivity of the top super-surface. The reflected x-polarized wave then propagates to the bottom super-surface where a second mirror bounce occurs and the reflected wave polarization is rotated by 90 deg., so that the reflected wave is converted from x-polarization to y-polarization (indicated by the purple arrow). Finally, the y-polarized wave is reflected by the bottom super-surface into the unobstructed top super-surface and converted into an ideal left-handed circularly polarized wave. Obviously, the virtual mirror image source O of the transmission array is folded according to the geometrical symmetry relation of ray propagationiAnd the distance between the virtual source and the top super surface is the focal distance f. The folding transmission array is used for phase compensation of transmission waves, the folding reflection array is used for phase compensation of reflection waves, and a virtual mirror image source in the folding reflection array is located right above an actual source, so that the folding transmission array and the folding reflection array are obviously different. Since the wave emitted from the feed source by the folded transmission array undergoes 2 mirror image reflections in fig. 3(a) - (d), the propagation line segment relation satisfies:
OiC-OA + AB + BC-3 × OA. (formula 1)
Where OA AB BC can be derived from equation 1: the distance H between the top and the bottom super-surface is one third of the focal length of the transmission array, namely f/3. In a folded reflective array, the top and bottom wavefront distances are half the focal length of the reflective array, i.e., f/2. The folded transmissive array proposed in this section can significantly compress the height of the top and bottom super-surfaces to 33% of the original height.
When the y-polarized wave passes through the top super-surface, the y-polarized wave is converted into a left-handed circularly polarized wave, and the transmission phase difference at different positions can be compensated by changing the geometric shape and the size of the unit, so that the spherical wave emitted from the virtual mirror image source is changed into a plane wave.
Examples
The specific design process of the x-waveband circular polarization folding transmission array is provided, and the design process can be expanded to a specific working frequency range according to application requirements.
1 Top Supersurface design
The top super-surface unit structure is shown in fig. 2(a), and comprises a metal radiation layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal back plate, a dielectric substrate and a metal receiving layer from top to bottom, wherein a hole is formed in the middle of the metal back plate, so that electromagnetic energy coupling between the metal radiation layer and the metal receiving layer is realized in a metal through hole mode. The metal radiation layer, the metal backboard and the metal receiving layer are made of good conductors such as copper, silver, gold and the like; the two layers of dielectric substrate materials are low-loss dielectric materials, such as resin, glass fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene, foam and the like; in this example, the thickness of the two dielectric substrates is 2mm, the material is F4B350, the dielectric is 3.5, and the loss tangent is 0.002. The substrates are bonded together through a glue layer with the thickness of 0.1mm, the dielectric of the glue layer is 3.7, and the loss tangent is 0.002. The thickness of the metal layer was 0.018 mm. The upper metal pattern formed after the chamfering process at the diagonal of the U-shaped slot patch pair is shown in fig. 2(b), resulting in a typical circularly polarized radiation antenna. The lower layer is a U-slot patch antenna (fig. 2(c)), and the polarization type is linear polarization. The upper layer patch and the lower layer patch are connected together through a metal via hole penetrating through the middle layer metal, wherein the diameter of the metal via hole is 0.4mm, and the aperture of an opening on the metal via hole is 1 mm. In fig. 2(a), the geometric dimension p is 12.6, h is 2, and d is0＝1，a1＝b1＝a2＝b2＝6，c1＝d1＝c2＝d2＝4，w1＝w2＝2，l1＝l2T is 3.75, 1.5, unit mm.
Positive of electromagnetic wave slave unitDownward incidence, as shown in fig. 2 (a). The simulation results in the transmission and reflection amplitudes of the cell as shown in FIG. 3, where the reflection coefficient is labeled Rx_x,Ry_x,Rx_y,Ry_yThe letters with subscripts on the left and right sides of the underline represent the linear polarization forms of the reflected and incident waves, respectively; similarly, the transmission coefficient is labeled Tlcp_x,Trcp_x,Tlcp_y,Trcp_yThe subscripts lcp and rcp represent circularly polarized waves of different handedness. FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the incidence of an x-polarized wave, in which the response results are as in FIG. 3 (c). The incident wave is almost totally reflected, and has a co-polarized reflectance R of 9GHz to 12GHzx_xUp to 97%, cross polarization reflection coefficient Ry_xTransmission coefficient T for circular polarizationlcp_x,Trcp_xIs very small. Analysis of the results shows that the cell is a perfect reflector for x-polarized waves as we expect. However at y-polarisation incidence (fig. 3(b)), it is evident from fig. 3(d) that the cell has a relatively high transmission coefficient T for circular polarisationlcp_y。
Phase adjustment is achieved ingeniously by rotating the upper circularly polarized U-shaped groove antenna. By rotating the metal pattern around the metal via in 45 ° steps as in fig. 4(a), the transmission coefficient T can be seenlcp_y(FIGS. 4(b) - (c)) the amplitude is stable and the phase varies with the rotation angle Ψ0Increasing and gradually decreasing with a gradient of 45 degrees, and finally obtaining 8 phase states: 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 °. At the same time, the co-polarized reflection coefficients R are shown in FIGS. 4(d) - (e)x_xIs not influenced by the rotation angle psi0The effect of the change. Therefore, when the upper layer pattern rotates, the nearly perfect homopolar reflection ensures that the incident electromagnetic wave propagation path is not disturbed when the x-polarized wave is incident. The top super-surface has excellent polarization selective reflection, transmission, polarization conversion and phase control capabilities, so that the top super-surface can be used for designing a circular polarization folded transmission array antenna.
One type of top super-surface structure is provided, and the number of the top super-surface structures is large, so that the practical application is not necessarily limited to the top super-surface structure, and only three conditions of the top super-surface structure are met.
2 bottom super surface
The bottom super-surface is used as a main reflective array and is mainly used for realizing polarization rotation and converting incident linearly polarized waves into cross polarized waves. The unit structure is shown in fig. 5 (a). The bottom super-surface comprises a metal pattern layer, a medium matrix and a metal back plate from top to bottom, wherein the metal pattern layer is a metal opening square ring, and an opening is positioned at the top angle of the square ring. In this embodiment, the substrate is F4B350, the thickness of the substrate is 2mm, the metal pattern on the upper portion of the substrate is a metal square ring with an opening at the opposite angle, and the bottom of the substrate is a metal back plate. Due to the fact that the square ring is opened diagonally, pattern symmetry of the original unit in the x direction and the y direction is broken, the phases of incident waves with different polarizations are different, and linear polarization conversion can be achieved. The simulation result of the electromagnetic performance of the cell is shown in 5(b), and when the linearly polarized wave is vertically incident, the cell shows quite high polarization conversion performance. In the range of 9GHz to 12GHz, the conversion rate of unit cross linear polarization is more than 0.95, and the co-polarization reflectivity is less than 0.3. In general, the unit satisfies the polarization conversion function of the reflected rays at the bottom layer of the circularly polarized folded transmission array, and can be used for designing the transmission array.
A bottom super-surface structure is provided, and the number of the bottom super-surface structures is large, so that the practical application is not limited to the bottom super-surface structure as long as the bottom super-surface function is met.
3 feed source design
The feed source is linear polarization patch antenna, from the top down includes V type groove pattern metal paster, dielectric substrate in proper order, metal backplate, and wherein patch antenna is through coaxial form feed, and is the same with super surperficial dielectric substrate thickness material in bottom because can be in the same place with super surperficial integration in bottom. The structure is shown in FIG. 6 (d). The V-shaped groove pattern metal patch antenna is fed by a coaxial probe, and the aperture breadth of the V-shaped groove pattern metal patch antenna is 12.6 multiplied by 25.2mm2。
A patch antenna is provided as a feed source, and the existing mature linear polarization antenna and waveguide antenna can be used for replacing the patch antenna in the actual design process, so long as the working bandwidth of the circular polarization folded transmission array is met, the main lobe radiates along the normal direction, and the feed source has high linear polarization isolation.
4 array surface design
Here we realize a high-gain pencil beam propagating along the normal direction of the wavefront, and actually can design the phase surface according to the beam pointing and imaging requirements. Firstly, linearly polarized waves emitted by a feed source reach the top super surface and are totally reflected by the top super surface; the electromagnetic wave reaches the bottom super surface, and the bottom super surface reaches the electromagnetic wave to be reflected and polarized and twisted, so that cross polarization linear polarization wave reflection is realized; the reflected cross-linear polarization reaches the top super-surface, passes through the top super-surface and is converted into a circularly polarized wave with a specific phase. Because the electromagnetic wave emitted from the feed source reaches the top super surface, accumulated phase difference is caused by different propagation paths at different positions on the super surface, and in order to realize high directionality of the wave beam, phase compensation needs to be carried out on the top super surface. Under x-polarized wave illumination of the feed radiation, as in fig. 6(a), the phase compensation required for any cell (m, n) satisfies the equation:
k in the formulaoRepresents the propagation constant of the free space and,
representing a position vector arriving from the origin of coordinates (O) to the feed phase center (A), the geometric center (B) of the cell (m, n),
representing the unit direction vector of beam deflection. The top super-surface consists of a 17 x 17 array of cells forming a web size of 214.2 x 214.2mm2. To obtain the compensated phase distribution, the origin of coordinates is here placed in the very center of the top hyper-surface. In the calculation process, the unit working center frequency is 10.3GHz, the focal length is f equal to 105 mm, and the position vector of the relative coordinate of the feed source is
The main lobe of the beam is along the z-axis and corresponds to a direction vector of
The-3 dB beamwidth of the patch radiating antenna is ± 45 °, and the focal length ratio is designed to be f/D0.49, so that most of the energy can be radiated onto the top super-surface. According to the principle of the circular polarization folded transmissive array, the distance between the top and bottom super-surfaces is one third of the focal length, i.e. 35 mm.
5 circular polarization folded transmission array results
The reflection coefficient of the circularly polarized folded transmissive array antenna is obtained through testing and simulation as shown in fig. 7(a), and the insertion loss is below-10 dB in the wide frequency range from 9.6GHz to 11.3 GHz. A certain frequency shift deviation exists between the simulation reflection coefficient and the measured reflection coefficient, which is mainly caused by the position deviation of the feed probe. 7(b) shows the axial ratio and gain curve of the circularly polarized folded transmission array. In general, the goodness of fit of the test and simulation gain results is good. The maximum gain tested was 11.3GHz, with a magnitude of 21.5dBi, slightly lower than the simulation result of 22 dBi. The efficiency of the tested circularly polarized transmission array antenna is 21.8%, the gain bandwidth of 3dBi is 11.6%, the axial ratio bandwidth of 3dB is 23.2%, and the test method is slightly narrower than simulation methods and mainly caused by test errors.
The curves of simulated and actually measured directional diagrams of the E surface and the H surface of the circularly polarized folded transmission array at 10.5GHz are shown in FIG. 8. It can be seen from the figure that the 3dB lobe width is less than 8 deg., and the normalized cross-polarization sidelobe energy tested at the E, H plane is below-15 dB. And testing the good matching of the simulation result, and actually measuring the pencil-shaped main lobe wave beam along the z-axis direction.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A circular polarization folding transmission array is characterized by comprising a bottom super surface, a top super surface and a feed source; the bottom super surface is integrated with the feed source, the top super surface is positioned above the feed source, and the distance between the top super surface and the bottom super surface is one third of the focal distance of the transmission array.
2. The folded circular polarization transmissive array of claim 1, wherein the bottom super-surface comprises a metal pattern layer, a dielectric substrate and a metal back plate from top to bottom, the metal pattern layer is a metal open square ring, and the opening is located at the top corner of the square ring.
3. The circularly polarized folded transmissive array of claim 1 or 2, wherein the top super surface comprises, from top to bottom, a metal radiation layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal backplane, a dielectric substrate, and a metal receiving layer, and a hole is formed in the middle of the metal backplane, so that electromagnetic energy coupling between the metal radiation layer and the metal receiving layer is achieved through a metal via.
4. The folded circularly polarized transmissive array of claim 3, wherein the metal receiving layer on the top super surface is a square patch with a U-shaped slot in the middle.
5. The folded circular polarization transmissive array of claim 3, wherein the metal radiation layer on the top super-surface is a square patch with a U-shaped slot in the middle and corner cut at the secondary diagonal.
6. The circular polarization folded transmission array according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feed source is a linear polarization patch antenna, and comprises a V-shaped groove pattern metal patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal back plate from top to bottom in sequence.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113113770A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-13 | 广州智讯通信系统有限公司 | Antenna adopting polarization sensitive linear-circular polarization converter |
| CN113113770B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-03-19 | 广州智讯通信系统有限公司 | Antenna adopting polarization sensitive molded line-circular polarization converter |
| CN113555697A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Circular polarization high-gain antenna based on folding plane reflective array technology |
| CN113889771A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Double-circular-polarization multi-beam digital coding transmission superstructure surface |
| CN114696114A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-01 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband circular polarization folding transmission array antenna |
| CN114859536A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-05 | 南京大学 | Low-profile high-gain multi-folding reflection type antenna based on super surface |
| CN114859536B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-03-10 | 南京大学 | Low-profile high-gain multi-folding reflection type antenna based on super surface |
| CN115313061A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-11-08 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Circularly polarized reconfigurable folding transmission array antenna |
| CN115313061B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-02-02 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Circularly polarized reconfigurable folding transmission array antenna |
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