CN111965736B - Topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion - Google Patents
Topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion Download PDFInfo
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- CN111965736B CN111965736B CN202010806005.9A CN202010806005A CN111965736B CN 111965736 B CN111965736 B CN 111965736B CN 202010806005 A CN202010806005 A CN 202010806005A CN 111965736 B CN111965736 B CN 111965736B
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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Abstract
The invention belongs to quantum optics and optical communication systems, and particularly relates to a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion. A topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing light wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion comprises two-dimensional photonic crystals PhC1 and PhC2 with the same crystal lattice and the same type, and light realizes unidirectional transmission on an interface of the two-dimensional photonic crystals. The invention provides a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion, which can realize unidirectional transmission of TM mode light, is immune to defects and impurities, and can provide a new idea for designing a novel optical waveguide for high-efficiency light transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to quantum optics and optical communication systems, and particularly relates to a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion.
Background
The photonic crystal is a novel artificial structure material proposed by people in the last two decades, has the characteristics of small size, low optical loss and the like, is suitable for manufacturing a micro integrated optical device, and has extremely high application value in various fields, such as photonic crystal filters, photonic crystal fibers and other novel optical devices. At present, a relatively wide method for realizing photon unidirectional transmission is to add a nonlinear material into a photonic crystal and realize the unidirectional transmission of light waves through nonlinear characteristics. However, although these designs can realize the photon unidirectional conduction function under the micro-nano scale, the nonlinear characteristics can be embodied only by high energy, which puts higher requirements on the design and application of the device. With the continuous progress of theory and research technology, it is found that chiral unidirectional or spiral spin polarized edge states always exist on the boundary or surface of the topological photonic crystal, the edge states protected by topology have robustness against impurities or defects, the photon states of the topological optical structure have very stable properties, and the tolerance to preparation errors is high.
Therefore, in the light quantum calculation and the optical communication, an optical structure with high-efficiency light transmission and low-loss light unidirectional transmission can be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and solves the technical problems that: the topological photonic crystal composite structure is used for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing light wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion comprises two-dimensional photonic crystals PhC1 and PhC2 with the same crystal lattice and the same type, and light realizes unidirectional transmission on an interface of the two-dimensional photonic crystals.
The two-dimensional photonic crystals both adopt two-dimensional orthorhombic system restored cell structures with air as a background medium, the lattice constants are both 25mm, and the lattice included angle is
The two kinds of crystals are compound primitive cells, the outer diameters of two medium tubes in the primitive cells are both 3mm, the inner diameters of the two medium tubes are both 0.9mm, and the medium tubes are integrally arranged in a graphene structure.
Two dielectric tubes in the two-dimensional photonic crystal cells are made of dielectric materials with relative dielectric constants of 9.0 and 12.0 respectively, and the difference between PhC1 and PhC2 is that the positions of the two dielectric tubes in the cells are opposite.
The working wavelength of the light which realizes the unidirectional transmission on the interface of the two-dimensional photonic crystals is a microwave band of 61.98mm-65.21 mm.
The photonic crystal topological property is utilized to realize the unidirectional transmission of light waves, particularly PhC1 and PhC2 belong to two photonic crystals with different topological properties, wherein the photonic crystals with the same lattice structure generate energy band inversion in the continuous change process of the material refractive index, and the unidirectional transmission of light based on the topological property can be realized on the interface where the photonic crystals and the photonic crystals are connected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion, which can realize unidirectional transmission of TM mode light, is immune to defects and impurities, and can provide a new idea for designing a novel optical waveguide for high-efficiency light transmission.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing unidirectional transmission of light waves based on energy band inversion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an energy band diagram and intrinsic field distribution diagram of photonic crystal PhC1 and photonic crystal PhC2 in TM mode in an embodiment of the present invention: fig. 2(a) and 2 (b) are energy band diagrams of photonic crystal PhC1 and photonic crystal PhC2 in TM mode, respectively, with a forbidden band in the shaded rectangular portion; FIG. 2(c) and FIG. 2 (d) show photonic crystal PhC1 in
And
the intrinsic field profile of (a); FIGS. 2(e) and 2 (f) are diagrams of photonic crystal PhC2
And
the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of propagation of the energy flow.
FIG. 3 (a) shows the projected band formed by photonic crystal PhC1 and photonic crystal PhC 2; FIG. 3(b) is the interface state eigenfield distribution at a frequency of 4.8GHz with a wave vector of-0.35 (2 π/a); FIG. 3(c) projected bands of photonic crystal PhC1 and photonic crystal PhC2 after being pulled apart by a distance of 0.1 a.
Fig. 4 shows the simulated electric field distribution of unidirectional transmission of the photonic crystal, with reference to the center of the structure, the lower side being photonic crystal PhC1 and the upper side being photonic crystal PhC2, wherein the black arrows indicate the propagation direction of light.
FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a photonic crystal in which photonic crystal PhC1 and photonic crystal PhC2 form a Z-type structure; FIG. 5 (b) is a field distribution when one of the dielectric tubes of the boundary is randomly changed to a cylinder having a dielectric constant of 7.5; FIG. 5 (c) is a field distribution when one of the medium pipe positions at the boundary is randomly shifted; FIGS. 5 (c) and (e) are enlarged views of the rectangular in-frame structure of FIGS. 5 (b) and (d), respectively; the straight line is the boundary between photonic crystal PhC1 and photonic crystal PhC2, and the modified structure is marked with a rectangular box in the figure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages, technical solutions and objects to be achieved of the present embodiment more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion, which comprises a photonic crystal PhC1 and a photonic crystal PhC 2. The photonic crystal PhC1 and the photonic crystal PhC2 both use air as a background and have medium tubes with the same inner diameter and outer diameter, the difference is that the medium tubes in the same position in the restored cells of the two dielectric tubes have different dielectric constants, and the whole photonic crystal structure is arranged according to the structure of graphene.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the lattice constants of the photonic crystal PhC1 and the photonic crystal PhC2 are a =25mm, where the lattice constant a represents the distance between two adjacent circular tubes having the same dielectric constant. The inner diameter and the outer diameter of the column body are respectively 3.0mm and 0.9mm, and the dielectric constants of the two circular tubes are respectively 9.0 and 12.0.
The TM energy band diagrams of the photonic crystal PhC1 and the photonic crystal PhC2 and the electric field diagrams at K points of a Brillouin area are calculated by using a finite element simulation method, intrinsic field distribution of the two structures at the K points are compared in the energy band diagrams, the intrinsic field distribution of the photonic crystal PhC1 at low frequency is consistent with the intrinsic field distribution of the photonic crystal PhC2 at high frequency, the intrinsic field distribution of the photonic crystal PhC2 at high frequency is consistent with the intrinsic field distribution of the photonic crystal PhC1 at low frequency, the intrinsic states are inverted when a crystal lattice is transited from PhC1 to PhC2, and the topological properties of the photonic crystal PhC1 and the photonic crystal PhC2 are different, as shown in a graph (c) (d) (e) (f).
In order to prove that boundary states exist at the interfaces of the two photonic crystals, the boundaries of the photonic crystals PhC1 and PhC2 are used as reference lines, 10 photonic crystal cells are respectively placed above and below the boundaries of the photonic crystals PhC1 and PhC2, the two photonic crystals are put together, and the edges of the two photonic crystals are calculated by a calculation method of the super-cells
The projection of the direction can lead to a determination of the boundary state. As shown in FIG. 3 (a), boundary states do exist at the interfaces of two photonic crystals, and in order to more vividly characterize the eigenmodes of the boundary states, the eigenmodes with frequency of 4.8GHZ and wave vector of-0.35 (2 π/a) are shown in FIG. 3(b), from which the eigenelectric field can be seen
Is localized at the interface of the two photonic crystals (along the z-direction of the dielectric tube) and decays rapidly to both sides. When the distance between the two photonic crystals is pulled apart by 0.1a, the interface state still exists, as shown in fig. 3 (c).
The photonic crystal PhC1 and the photonic crystal PhC2 are respectively placed with 36 x 8 units on the upper side and the lower side of a simulation region by taking a horizontal center as a boundary, a perfect matching layer is used as a boundary condition around the region to avoid unwanted scattering, an excitation source with positive angular momentum is placed at the center of a photonic crystal structure, the distribution of a field when the frequency of the excitation source is 4.8GHZ is shown in figure 4, and the unidirectional transmission is obviously realized at the position where the boundary y =0 of the two photonic crystals.
Then the interface between the photonic crystal PhC1 and the photonic crystal PhC2 is constructed into a photonic crystal with a Z-type structure, as shown in fig. 5 (a), it can be seen that light propagates along the Z-type boundary, then a dielectric tube at the boundary is randomly changed into a cylinder with a dielectric constant of 7.5 and a radius of 0.9mm or a dielectric tube at the boundary which is randomly moved, and the position change range is [ -0.6mm,0.6mm ] (the changed units are marked by rectangular boxes in the figure), and similarly, a point light source with orbital angular momentum is used for excitation for testing, and it can be seen from a field diagram that light still has a unidirectional transmission characteristic and does not generate back scattering on the surfaces of the photonic crystals with two different topological properties, as shown in fig. 5.
Claims (2)
1. A topology photonic crystal composite structure for realizing optical wave unidirectional transmission based on energy band inversion is characterized in that: the structure comprises two-dimensional photonic crystals PhC1 and PhC2, light realizes unidirectional transmission on an interface of the two-dimensional photonic crystals, the two-dimensional photonic crystals PhC1 and PhC2 are two-dimensional orthorhombic crystal system recovery cell structures with air as a background medium, lattice constants are both 25mm, outer diameters of two medium tubes contained in an original cell are both 3mm, inner diameters of the two medium tubes are both 0.9mm, the whole medium tubes are arranged in a graphene structure, relative dielectric constants of the two medium tubes in each two-dimensional photonic crystal original cell are different and are respectively 9.0 and 12.0, PhC1 and PhC2 are different in that the positions of the two medium tubes in the original cell are opposite, the photonic crystal topological property is utilized to realize unidirectional transmission of the light wave, particularly, PhC1 and PhC2 belong to the photonic crystals with two different topological properties, which can be subjected to energy band inversion in the continuous change process of the refractive index of the same lattice structure, and unidirectional transmission of the light based on the topological property can be realized on the interfaces of the two photonic crystals which are connected.
2. The topological photonic crystal composite structure for realizing the unidirectional transmission of light waves based on the energy band inversion as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working wavelength of the light which realizes the unidirectional transmission on the interface of the two-dimensional photonic crystals is a microwave band of 61.98mm-65.21 mm.
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