CN111965690B - Method for detecting ion component ratio of target flow of neutron tube - Google Patents
Method for detecting ion component ratio of target flow of neutron tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN111965690B CN111965690B CN202010767524.9A CN202010767524A CN111965690B CN 111965690 B CN111965690 B CN 111965690B CN 202010767524 A CN202010767524 A CN 202010767524A CN 111965690 B CN111965690 B CN 111965690B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of neutron tubes and controllable neutron sources, in particular to a neutron tubeA method for detecting the proportion of ion components in a target flow of a neutron tube aims to solve the problems that the method for detecting the proportion of the ion components in the beam flow in the prior art can improve the price cost and the technical cost of a neutron tube production enterprise and can cause tritium pollution. The method firstly uses the lowest accelerating voltage U of the neutron tube 0 Calculating H under different accelerating voltages i Measuring neutron yield by using a D-T neutron tube, establishing a neutron yield equation by using the relation between a nuclear reaction section and the neutron yield, and solving to obtain D in the target flow according to the neutron yield equation + And D 2+ The proportion of ions. The method does not need to use a mass spectrometer, and the detection process is simple and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of neutron tubes and controllable neutron sources, in particular to a method for detecting the proportion of target flow ion components of a neutron tube.
Background
Neutron tubes generate neutrons by using a deuterium-deuterium or deuterium-tritium collision reaction method, and are widely applied to the fields of petroleum logging and the like. The neutron tube of the traditional penning ion source utilizes negative acceleration voltage to extract positive ions to collide with a target to generate neutrons, and the extracted beam current of the method mainly comprises monoatomic ions D + Diatomic ion D 2 + And triatomic ion D 3 + . Experimental analysis shows that D + The ion accounts for less than 10% of the beam current, and the rest is D 2 + And D 3 + Particles. At the same accelerating voltage, due to D 2 + And D 3 + The incident energy of a single atom in an ion is D + 1/2 and 1/3 of the ions, corresponding to lower reaction cross-sections, contribute less to the neutron yield. Thus how to increase the monoatomic ions D in the beam + Is the key to improve the yield of the neutron tube. The traditional method for detecting the ion component proportion in the beam current needs a mass spectrometer, and for neutron tube production enterprises, the method brings certain price cost and technical cost. For autotrophic neutron tubes containing tritium gas, the method may also cause tritium contamination.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the method for detecting the ion component proportion in the beam current in the prior art can improve the price cost and the technical cost of neutron tube production enterprises and can cause tritium pollution, and provides the method for detecting the ion component proportion of the target current of the neutron tube.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting the ion component ratio of a neutron tube target flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) According to the lowest acceleration voltage U of the neutron tube 0 Calculating H under different accelerating voltages i Parameters are as follows:
wherein:
E 0 cut-off energy in keV; e 0 ＝eU 0 ；
e is electron charge, e =1.6 × 10 -19 Coulombs;
E i are respectively D + 、D 2 + 、D 3 + Energy of ion incidence T target, i =1,2,3;
sigma is the cross section of the D-T reaction;
S e blocking ability for each ion for the target;
2) Neutron yield was measured with a D-T neutron tube:
for each neutron tube fixed acceleration voltage U, the target current I is adjusted t By using 3 Measuring the neutron yield Y with a He detector, wherein the unit is n/s;
3) Establishing a neutron yield equation:
wherein:
H 1 、H 2 、H 3 h of i =1,2,3, respectively i A parameter;
k 1 、k 2 、k 3 respectively in the target stream D + 、D 2 + 、D 3 + Proportion of ions, and k 1 +k 2 +k 3 ＝1；
λ is the atomic ratio of T and Ti atoms in the target;
I t for different ion source currents I a A corresponding target stream;
n is the density of Ti atoms in m -3 ；
4) Calculating k 1 、k 2 And k 3 Take k 3 =0, according to k 1 And k 2 And judging the proportion of the ion components of the target flow of the neutron tube.
Further, step 1 is U 0 The value range is 40kV-50kV.
Further, step 1 is U 0 ＝45kV。
Further, the value of the neutron tube accelerating voltage U in the step 2 is 100kV.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method for detecting the proportion of the target flow ion components of the neutron tube can judge the proportion of the target flow ion components of the neutron tube only by using basic parameters such as neutron yield, target flow and the like, does not need a mass spectrometer to detect the proportion of the ion components, reduces the complexity of a system, reduces the detection cost and does not cause tritium pollution;
(2) Under the fixed acceleration voltage, the neutron yield equation satisfied between the neutron yield and the target current is utilized, the neutron yield equation is solved by accurately calculating relevant parameters such as a reaction section and the like, and D is obtained + And D 2 + The proportion of ions in the target flow is simple and easy to realize in the specific operation process;
(3) The method provided by the invention can be used for checking the working state and the ionization efficiency of the ion source, can also be used for guiding the design of a high-yield neutron tube, and has a wide application range.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
1) According to the lowest accelerating voltage U of neutron tube 0 (kV) calculation of H at different acceleration voltages i A parameter;
1.1 Calculate the cutoff energy E 0 In units of KeV;
E 0 ＝eU 0 (1)
wherein e is electron electric quantity, e =1.6 x 10 -19 Coulombs;
in view of 3 He detector has minimum requirement on neutron tube acceleration voltage U, so minimum acceleration voltage U 0 Generally between 40kV and 50kV;
1.2 Calculate the stopping power S of the target for each ion e In keV/m;
according to an empirical formula of the stopping ability of protons in the solid target, software simulation is utilized, and a corresponding fitting formula is given in a document [ Du hong Xin, research on fast neutron yield of a D-T/D-D neutron generator, published by Lanzhou university Press, 2009, 5 months, and Master academic paper ]:
S e ＝BE C ，E＜6OkeV (2)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
parameters A, B, C and A i (i =1,2,3 \8230; 8) selection of literature [ Du hong Xin, D-T/D-D neutron generator fast neutron yield measurement research, published by Lanzhou university Press, 2009, 5 months, master academic paper]The parameter (1) of (1);
1.3 Calculating D-T reaction section σ;
the fitting formula in the document [ J.Lux, http:// home. Earthlink. Net/jimlux/nuc/sigma. Htm (2010) ] is used:
1.4 Calculate H i A parameter;
substituting the expressions (1), (2), (3) and (4) into the expression (5) to calculate H i Parameter, i =1,2,3;
2) Measuring the neutron yield by using a D-T neutron tube;
fixing neutron tube accelerating voltage U =100kV, adjusting target current I t By using 3 Measuring the neutron yield Y with a He detector, wherein the unit is n/s;
3) The equation for neutron yield was established according to the method in the literature [ j.m.verbebe, k.n.leung, and j.vujic, appl.radiat.isotopess 53,801 (2000) ]:
wherein:
H 1 、H 2 、H 3 h of i =1,2,3, respectively i A parameter;
k 1 、k 2 、k 3 respectively in the target stream D + 、D 2 + 、D 3 + Proportion of ions, and k 1 +k 2 +k 3 ＝1；
λ is the atomic ratio of T and Ti atoms in the target;
I t for different ion source currents I a A corresponding target stream;
n is the density of Ti atoms in m -3 ；
K can be calculated according to the neutron yield equation 1 、k 2 And k 3 ；
4) Calculating k 1 、k 2 And k 3 Take k 3 =0, according to k 1 And k 2 Judging the proportion of the ion components of the target flow of the neutron tube;
for D 3 + Ions, incident energy per atom
Less than the detector threshold E 0 And the neutron yield measured by the detector does not contain D 3 + Contribution of ions, i.e. k in formula (6) 3 =0, i.e. D 3 + The proportion of the ions is 0;
using measured data U, I t Y and H calculated theoretically i K calculated from the formula (6) 1 And k 2 I.e. D in the target stream + 、D 2 + The proportion of ions.
According to the steps, 3 neutron tubes with the diameter of 25mm are selected for carrying out experiments, wherein the thickness of a tritium target film of the D-T neutron tube is more than 1 micrometer, and the atomic ratio lambda of tritium-nuclear titanium is =1.5. According to the literature [ Du hong Xin, D-T/D-D neutron generator fast neutron yield measurement research, lanzhou university Press, 2009-5 th publication, master academic paper]Density of target ρ =3.79g/cm 3 Thus, the density N =4.75 × 10 of titanium atoms was obtained 28 m -3 。
The thickness of the target film is larger than the penetration depth of ions in the target at an acceleration voltage of 100kV, so that the lowest acceleration voltage U in the formula (1) 0 Only in relation to the detector. Use of 3 The minimum requirement of He detector on the acceleration voltage of neutron tube is U 0 =45kV, thereby obtaining the cut-off energy E in the formula (1) 0 ＝45keV。
H under different accelerating voltages is calculated according to the formula (5) i (×10 -35 m 3 ) The parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| U(kV) | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 | 130 |
| H i | 0.45 | 1.71 | 3.42 | 5.61 | 8.18 | 11.02 | 13.98 | 16.95 | 19.82 |
Setting ion source current I a Respectively 100 muA, 200 muA, 300 muA and 400 muA, and obtaining corresponding target flow I by measurement experiment t And neutron yield Y, D is calculated according to the formula (6) + 、D 2 + Ratio k of ions in target flow 1 And k 2 The results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting the ion component ratio of a neutron tube target flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) According to the lowest accelerating voltage U of neutron tube 0 Calculating H under different accelerating voltages i Parameters are as follows:
wherein:
E 0 cut-off energy in keV; e 0 ＝eU 0 ；
e is electron charge, e =1.6 x 10 -19 Coulombs;
E i are respectively D + 、D 2 + 、D 3 + Energy of ion incidence T target, i =1,2,3;
sigma is the cross section of the D-T reaction;
S e for the stopping power of the target for each ion, S e ＝BE C ,E<60keV or
E<60keV; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a, B, C and A i (i =1,2,3 \ 8230; 8) are all parameters;
2) Neutron yield was measured with a D-T neutron tube:
for each neutron tube fixed acceleration voltage U, the target current I is adjusted t By using 3 Measuring the neutron yield Y with a He detector, wherein the unit is n/s;
3) Establishing a neutron yield equation:
wherein:
H 1 、H 2 、H 3 h of i =1,2,3, respectively i A parameter;
k 1 、k 2 、k 3 respectively in the target stream D + 、D 2 + 、D 3 + Proportion of ions, and k 1 +k 2 +k 3 ＝1；
λ is the atomic ratio of T and Ti atoms in the target;
I t for different ion source currents I a A corresponding target stream;
n is the density of Ti atoms in m -3 ；
4) Calculating k 1 、k 2 And k 3 Take k 3 =0, according to k 1 And k 2 And judging the proportion of the ion components of the target flow of the neutron tube.
2. The method for detecting the ion component ratio in the target flow of the neutron tube according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
u in step 1 0 The value range is 40kV-50kV.
3. The method for detecting the ion component ratio of a neutron tube target flow according to claim 2, wherein:
u in step 1 0 ＝45kV。
4. The method for detecting the proportion of an ion component in a target flow of a neutron tube according to any one of claims 1,2 and 3, wherein:
and 2, taking the accelerating voltage U of the neutron tube as 100kV.
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| CN102711355B (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-12-03 | 东北师范大学 | Penning anion source ceramic neutron tube |
| CN103176202B (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-12-10 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Device and method for measuring components of deuterium ion beam of deuterium-tritium neutron tube |
| MX361393B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2018-12-05 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Tritium-tritium neutron generator and logging method. |
| CN106098507B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-12 | 西安冠能中子探测技术有限公司 | A kind of setl-target neutron tube fills tritium platform and its fills tritium method |
| CN111050457A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 西京学院 | Device and method for improving neutron yield based on laser-induced plasma |
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