CN111965556A - SOC dynamic estimation and correction method for electric vehicle - Google Patents
SOC dynamic estimation and correction method for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111965556A CN111965556A CN202010624780.2A CN202010624780A CN111965556A CN 111965556 A CN111965556 A CN 111965556A CN 202010624780 A CN202010624780 A CN 202010624780A CN 111965556 A CN111965556 A CN 111965556A
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004540 process dynamic Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for an electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring basic data of the battery, performing charge and discharge tests on the battery to acquire voltage values corresponding to SOC values at different temperatures in order to accurately perform SOC dynamic estimation and correction, and setting the rated capacity of the battery as C; s2: grading the discharge level; s3: the SOC dynamic correction module comprises dynamic correction of power-on again and dynamic correction of driving, and the accuracy of the SOC is ensured by continuously correcting during driving of the automobile. The dynamic SOC correction method is mainly carried out through the steps of obtaining battery test data, evaluating the battery discharge grade during driving and calculating the driving dynamic SOC, SOC estimation errors are guaranteed to be within a reasonable range, the SOC value of a vehicle is continuously corrected in the driving process, and the problem that the vehicle cannot normally drive due to large SOC errors is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of SOC estimation of power batteries, and particularly relates to a dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for an electric vehicle.
Background
The SOC estimation of the target power battery is the most basic and the most important function of the electric automobile, and the SOC value is difficult to accurately estimate in practical application due to the nonlinearity of the power battery for the electric automobile. There are various methods for SOC estimation, and the common methods include: ampere-hour integration method, open circuit voltage method; meanwhile, some new algorithms are continuously proposed, such as: kalman filtering, neural network, fuzzy control, etc. From the perspective of engineering application, the most adopted SOC estimation of the electric automobile at the present stage is still an ampere-hour integral method and an open-circuit voltage method; the kalman filtering method has been applied slowly, but to a limited extent; neural networks and fuzzy control are limited by the complexity of the algorithm itself, which has not yet entered the practical application stage.
The ampere-hour integration method has the defects that an accumulated error exists and the initial SOC is difficult to determine; the open circuit voltage method requires the battery to stand for a long time.
Therefore, many conventional electric vehicles have large errors in SOC values, and cannot be corrected in real time during traveling discharge. Therefore, the method for dynamically correcting the SOC of the electric automobile during running is provided, the SOC can be continuously corrected during running of the automobile, the accuracy of the SOC is ensured, and the SOC estimation error is ensured to be in a reasonable range through the steps of battery test data acquisition, battery discharge grade evaluation during running and running dynamic SOC calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for an electric vehicle, which can ensure the accuracy of SOC by continuously correcting during the running of the vehicle. The dynamic SOC correction method is mainly carried out through the steps of obtaining battery test data, evaluating the battery discharge grade during driving and calculating the driving dynamic SOC, SOC estimation errors are guaranteed to be within a reasonable range, the SOC value of a vehicle is continuously corrected during driving, the problem that the vehicle cannot normally drive due to large SOC errors is avoided, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for an electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring basic data of the battery, performing charge and discharge tests on the battery to acquire voltage values corresponding to SOC values at different temperatures in order to accurately perform SOC dynamic estimation and correction, and setting the rated capacity of the battery as C, wherein the steps are as follows:
a: discharging the battery at 1/3C under the condition of normal temperature and 25 ℃ and in a full-charge state (SOC is 100%), discharging the battery at 3A for T1 seconds when the SOC is 95%, and recording the cell voltage value when the SOC is 95%;
b: continuing to discharge at 1/3C, and when the SOC is 90%, discharging at 3A for T1 seconds, and recording the cell voltage value when the SOC is 90%; by analogy, voltage values of 95%, 90%, 10%, 5% and 0% of SOC are recorded respectively, and an SOC-monomer voltage curve under the condition of 3A low current after 1/3C discharge at normal temperature is obtained;
c: respectively obtaining 1/3C discharging 3A low current SOC-monomer voltage curves at different temperatures according to the steps a and b under the environments of 45 ℃, 35 ℃, 10 ℃, 0 ℃, minus 5 ℃, minus 10 ℃ and minus 15 ℃;
d: similarly, acquiring low-current SOC-monomer voltage curves discharged at 1/3C and 1/2C at different temperatures according to the steps;
s2: rating the discharge level, the steps are as follows:
a: the battery discharge grade comprises a plurality of grades, wherein the grades comprise Level1, Level2 and Level 3;
b: judging the discharge Level of the battery according to the average current of the discharge stable stage of the battery, and judging the battery to be Level1 when the average current is between 10A and 1/3C in the discharge process; when the average current in the discharging process is between 1/3C and 1/2C, the average current is judged to be Level 2; when the average current in the discharging process is higher than 1/2C, determining the average current to be Level 3;
c: calculating average current in real time and timing, wherein the average current satisfies that the duration time of 10A-1/3C is more than or equal to the primary discharge stable time, or the duration time of 1/3C-1/2C is more than or equal to the secondary discharge stable time, or the duration time of 1/2C is more than or equal to the tertiary discharge stable time, and estimating a battery discharge grade;
d: the discharge grade strategy shows that when certain conditions are met in the running process of the vehicle, the vehicle enters a discharge grade grading module, the average current is updated every one minute, IAvg1 and IAvg2 are used, the IAvg1 records the average current value of the previous minute, and the IAvg2 records the average current value at this time;
e: after the battery discharge grade is calculated in the steps, after the grade is confirmed, the relevant zone bit is reset, if the vehicle speed is met with a certain value, the secondary battery discharge grade is entered, the strategy is the same as that of the above, and after the secondary battery discharge grade is confirmed, the first and second battery grades are stored; entering a third-stage battery discharge rating, updating the rating again after the third-stage battery discharge rating is confirmed, and repeating the steps, if the certain condition is met, exiting the discharge rating module and entering an SOC dynamic correction module;
s3: the SOC dynamic correction module comprises a power-on dynamic correction and a driving dynamic correction, and comprises the following steps:
a: re-electrifying SOC dynamic correction, reading a zone bit after re-electrifying, judging whether OCV correction is met, if so, preferentially entering OCV correction, if not, entering a re-electrifying dynamic correction module, reading the battery discharge grade and the small current standing time, and starting re-electrifying SOC dynamic correction by comparing the interval time calculated by electrifying this time with the last electrifying time;
b: and (3) dynamically correcting the SOC of the travelling crane, wherein the discharging process of the travelling crane meets a certain condition, entering a discharging process dynamic correction module by a battery discharging rating module, reading the discharging grade of the battery, and performing dynamic SOC correction.
Preferably, if the current value in the step C in the step S2 is the first level, the average current is judged to be greater than 1/3C and the average current difference Δ I in the previous minute is greater than or equal to 5A, the polarization level is modified into the second level, and the same principle is carried out on the second level; if the polarization level is the second level, the average current is less than 1/2C, the difference delta I between the average current and the average current of the previous minute is less than or equal to-5A, the polarization level is modified into the first level, and the third level is the same.
Preferably, in the step d of the step S2, if the average current is 10A-1/3C, the discharge accumulated time is more than or equal to the first-level discharge grade stable time, and the battery discharge grade records the first level; if the average current is 1/3C-1/2C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than the secondary discharge stable time, and the battery discharge grade records the secondary level; if the average current is higher than 1/2C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than three-level discharge stable time, the battery discharge grade is recorded in three levels, and after the primary grade is finished, dynamic processing is also carried out during the vehicle running: the discharge grade is first grade, the average current is judged to be larger than I1, IAvg 2-IAvg 1 are larger than or equal to 5A, the polarization grade is modified into second grade, and the like.
Preferably, in the step S3, if the low current in the step a is between 0 and 5A, and the battery discharge Level is judged to be Level1, performing SOC dynamic correction according to a 3A low current SOC-cell voltage curve discharged by 1/3C; other levels and other small currents may be determined.
Preferably, in the step S3, if the low current in the step b is between 0 and 5A, and the battery discharge Level is judged to be Level1, performing SOC dynamic correction according to a 3A low current SOC-cell voltage curve discharged by 1/3C; other levels and other small currents may be determined.
Compared with the prior art, the SOC dynamic estimation and correction method for the electric automobile has the following advantages:
1. the invention ensures the accuracy of SOC by continuously correcting during the running of the automobile. The dynamic SOC correction method is mainly carried out through the steps of obtaining battery test data, evaluating the battery discharge grade during driving and calculating the driving dynamic SOC, SOC estimation errors are guaranteed to be within a reasonable range, the SOC value of a vehicle is continuously corrected in the driving process, and the problem that the vehicle cannot normally drive due to large SOC errors is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a SOC dynamic correction system of a dynamic SOC estimation correction method of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for dynamically estimating and correcting SOC of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for an electric vehicle, including the following steps:
s1: acquiring basic data of the battery, performing charge and discharge tests on the battery to acquire voltage values corresponding to SOC values at different temperatures in order to accurately perform SOC dynamic estimation and correction, and setting the rated capacity of the battery as C, wherein the steps are as follows:
a: discharging the battery at 1/3C under the condition of normal temperature and 25 ℃ and in a full-charge state (SOC is 100%), discharging the battery at 3A for T1 seconds when the SOC is 95%, and recording the cell voltage value when the SOC is 95%;
b: continuing to discharge at 1/3C, and when the SOC is 90%, discharging at 3A for T1 seconds, and recording the cell voltage value when the SOC is 90%; by analogy, voltage values of 95%, 90%, 10%, 5% and 0% of SOC are recorded respectively, and an SOC-monomer voltage curve under the condition of 3A low current after 1/3C discharge at normal temperature is obtained;
c: respectively obtaining 1/3C discharging 3A low current SOC-monomer voltage curves at different temperatures according to the steps a and b under the environments of 45 ℃, 35 ℃, 10 ℃, 0 ℃, minus 5 ℃, minus 10 ℃ and minus 15 ℃;
d: similarly, acquiring low-current SOC-monomer voltage curves discharged at 1/3C and 1/2C at different temperatures according to the steps;
s2: rating the discharge level, the steps are as follows:
a: the battery discharge grade comprises a plurality of grades, wherein the grades comprise Level1, Level2 and Level 3;
b: judging the discharge Level of the battery according to the average current of the discharge stable stage of the battery, and judging the battery to be Level1 when the average current is between 10A and 1/3C in the discharge process; when the average current in the discharging process is between 1/3C and 1/2C, the average current is judged to be Level 2; when the average current in the discharging process is higher than 1/2C, determining the average current to be Level 3;
c: calculating average current in real time and timing, wherein the average current satisfies that the duration time of 10A-1/3C is more than or equal to the primary discharge stable time, or the duration time of 1/3C-1/2C is more than or equal to the secondary discharge stable time, or the duration time of 1/2C is more than or equal to the tertiary discharge stable time, and estimating a battery discharge grade;
d: the discharge grade strategy shows that when certain conditions are met in the running process of the vehicle, the vehicle enters a discharge grade grading module, the average current is updated every one minute, IAvg1 and IAvg2 are used, the IAvg1 records the average current value of the previous minute, and the IAvg2 records the average current value at this time;
e: after the battery discharge grade is calculated in the steps, after the grade is confirmed, the relevant zone bit is reset, if the vehicle speed is met with a certain value, the secondary battery discharge grade is entered, the strategy is the same as that of the above, and after the secondary battery discharge grade is confirmed, the first and second battery grades are stored; entering a third-stage battery discharge rating, updating the rating again after the third-stage battery discharge rating is confirmed, and repeating the steps, if the certain condition is met, exiting the discharge rating module and entering an SOC dynamic correction module;
s3: the SOC dynamic correction module comprises a power-on dynamic correction and a driving dynamic correction, and comprises the following steps:
a: re-electrifying SOC dynamic correction, reading a zone bit after re-electrifying, judging whether OCV correction is met, if so, preferentially entering OCV correction, if not, entering a re-electrifying dynamic correction module, reading the battery discharge grade and the small current standing time, and starting re-electrifying SOC dynamic correction by comparing the interval time calculated by electrifying this time with the last electrifying time;
b: and (3) dynamically correcting the SOC of the travelling crane, wherein the discharging process of the travelling crane meets a certain condition, entering a discharging process dynamic correction module by a battery discharging rating module, reading the discharging grade of the battery, and performing dynamic SOC correction.
Specifically, if the current value in the step C in the step S2 is the first level, the average current is judged to be larger than 1/3C, and the average current difference Δ I in the previous minute is not less than 5A, the polarization level is modified into the second level, and the same principle is carried out on the second level; if the polarization level is the second level, the average current is less than 1/2C, the difference delta I between the average current and the average current of the previous minute is less than or equal to-5A, the polarization level is modified into the first level, and the third level is the same.
Specifically, in the step d of the step S2, if the average current is 10A-1/3C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than the first-level discharge level stable time, and the battery discharge level records the first level; if the average current is 1/3C-1/2C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than the secondary discharge stable time, and the battery discharge grade records the secondary level; if the average current is higher than 1/2C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than three-level discharge stable time, the battery discharge grade is recorded in three levels, and after the primary grade is finished, dynamic processing is also carried out during the vehicle running: the discharge grade is first grade, the average current is judged to be larger than I1, IAvg 2-IAvg 1 are larger than or equal to 5A, the polarization grade is modified into second grade, and the like.
Specifically, in the step S3, if the low current in the step a is between 0 and 5A, and the battery discharge Level is judged to be Level1, performing SOC dynamic correction according to a 3A low current SOC-cell voltage curve discharged by 1/3C; other levels and other small currents may be determined.
Specifically, if the small current in the step b in the step S3 is between 0 and 5A, and the battery discharge Level is judged to be Level1, performing SOC dynamic correction according to a 3A small current SOC-cell voltage curve discharged by 1/3C; other levels and other small currents may be determined.
In summary, the following steps: the invention ensures the accuracy of SOC by continuously correcting during the running of the automobile. The dynamic SOC correction method is mainly carried out through the steps of obtaining battery test data, evaluating the battery discharge grade during driving and calculating the driving dynamic SOC, SOC estimation errors are guaranteed to be within a reasonable range, the SOC value of a vehicle is continuously corrected in the driving process, and the problem that the vehicle cannot normally drive due to large SOC errors is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring basic data of the battery, performing charge and discharge tests on the battery to acquire voltage values corresponding to SOC values at different temperatures in order to accurately perform SOC dynamic estimation and correction, and setting the rated capacity of the battery as C, wherein the steps are as follows:
a: discharging the battery at 1/3C under the condition of normal temperature and 25 ℃ and in a full-charge state (SOC is 100%), discharging the battery at 3A for T1 seconds when the SOC is 95%, and recording the cell voltage value when the SOC is 95%;
b: continuing to discharge at 1/3C, and when the SOC is 90%, discharging at 3A for T1 seconds, and recording the cell voltage value when the SOC is 90%; by analogy, voltage values of 95%, 90%, 10%, 5% and 0% of SOC are recorded respectively, and an SOC-monomer voltage curve under the condition of 3A low current after 1/3C discharge at normal temperature is obtained;
c: respectively obtaining 1/3C discharging 3A low current SOC-monomer voltage curves at different temperatures according to the steps a and b under the environments of 45 ℃, 35 ℃, 10 ℃, 0 ℃, minus 5 ℃, minus 10 ℃ and minus 15 ℃;
d: similarly, acquiring low-current SOC-monomer voltage curves discharged at 1/3C and 1/2C at different temperatures according to the steps;
s2: rating the discharge level, the steps are as follows:
a: the battery discharge grade comprises a plurality of grades, wherein the grades comprise Level1, Level2 and Level 3;
b: judging the discharge Level of the battery according to the average current of the discharge stable stage of the battery, and judging the battery to be Level1 when the average current is between 10A and 1/3C in the discharge process; when the average current in the discharging process is between 1/3C and 1/2C, the average current is judged to be Level 2; when the average current in the discharging process is higher than 1/2C, determining the average current to be Level 3;
c: calculating average current in real time and timing, wherein the average current satisfies that the duration time of 10A-1/3C is more than or equal to the primary discharge stable time, or the duration time of 1/3C-1/2C is more than or equal to the secondary discharge stable time, or the duration time of 1/2C is more than or equal to the tertiary discharge stable time, and estimating a battery discharge grade;
d: the discharge grade strategy shows that when certain conditions are met in the running process of the vehicle, the vehicle enters a discharge grade grading module, the average current is updated every one minute, IAvg1 and IAvg2 are used, the IAvg1 records the average current value of the previous minute, and the IAvg2 records the average current value at this time;
e: after the battery discharge grade is calculated in the steps, after the grade is confirmed, the relevant zone bit is reset, if the vehicle speed is met with a certain value, the secondary battery discharge grade is entered, the strategy is the same as that of the above, and after the secondary battery discharge grade is confirmed, the first and second battery grades are stored; entering a third-stage battery discharge rating, updating the rating again after the third-stage battery discharge rating is confirmed, and repeating the steps, if the certain condition is met, exiting the discharge rating module and entering an SOC dynamic correction module;
s3: the SOC dynamic correction module comprises a power-on dynamic correction and a driving dynamic correction, and comprises the following steps:
a: re-electrifying SOC dynamic correction, reading a zone bit after re-electrifying, judging whether OCV correction is met, if so, preferentially entering OCV correction, if not, entering a re-electrifying dynamic correction module, reading the battery discharge grade and the small current standing time, and starting re-electrifying SOC dynamic correction by comparing the interval time calculated by electrifying this time with the last electrifying time;
b: and (3) dynamically correcting the SOC of the travelling crane, wherein the discharging process of the travelling crane meets a certain condition, entering a discharging process dynamic correction module by a battery discharging rating module, reading the discharging grade of the battery, and performing dynamic SOC correction.
2. The dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: if the current is the first level in the step C in the step S2, judging that the average current is more than 1/3C and the difference value delta I of the average current in the previous minute is more than or equal to 5A, and modifying the polarization grade into a second level, wherein the second level is the same; if the polarization level is the second level, the average current is less than 1/2C, the difference delta I between the average current and the average current of the previous minute is less than or equal to-5A, the polarization level is modified into the first level, and the third level is the same.
3. The dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: if the average current is 10A-1/3C in the step d of the step S2, the discharge accumulated time is more than or equal to the first-level discharge level stable time, and the battery discharge level records the first level; if the average current is 1/3C-1/2C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than the secondary discharge stable time, and the battery discharge grade records the secondary level; if the average current is higher than 1/2C, the discharge accumulated time is not less than three-level discharge stable time, the battery discharge grade is recorded in three levels, and after the primary grade is finished, dynamic processing is also carried out during the vehicle running: the discharge grade is first grade, the average current is judged to be larger than I1, IAvg 2-IAvg 1 are larger than or equal to 5A, the polarization grade is modified into second grade, and the like.
4. The dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, if the small current in the step A is between 0 and 5A, the discharge Level of the battery is judged to be Level1, and SOC dynamic correction is carried out according to a 3A small current SOC-monomer voltage curve discharged by 1/3C; other levels and other small currents may be determined.
5. The dynamic SOC estimation and correction method for the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, if the small current in the step b is between 0 and 5A, the discharge Level of the battery is judged to be Level1, and SOC dynamic correction is carried out according to a 3A small current SOC-monomer voltage curve discharged by 1/3C; other levels and other small currents may be determined.
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