CN111965437B - Method for determining installation inclination angle of carrier plane phased-array antenna - Google Patents

Method for determining installation inclination angle of carrier plane phased-array antenna Download PDF

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CN111965437B
CN111965437B CN202010763936.5A CN202010763936A CN111965437B CN 111965437 B CN111965437 B CN 111965437B CN 202010763936 A CN202010763936 A CN 202010763936A CN 111965437 B CN111965437 B CN 111965437B
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angle
antenna
array
coordinate system
ship
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CN111965437A (en
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梁宇宏
温剑
邓宓原
张云
侯禄平
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Southwest Electronic Technology Institute No 10 Institute of Cetc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/10Radiation diagrams of antennas
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0864Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
    • G01R29/0892Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining the installation inclination angle of a carrier-based planar phased-array antenna, and aims to provide a method for determining the installation inclination angle, which can improve the electrical performance of the phased-array antenna. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: selecting one of the phased array antennas, and calculating an installation inclination transformation matrix of the antenna array face relative to a ship deck coordinate system; according to the number of the planar phased array antennas and the coverage area of the azimuth plane, calculating a phased array antenna rotating array transformation matrix of a relative ship deck coordinate system: respectively calculating a ship course angle transformation matrix, a pitch angle transformation matrix and a roll angle transformation matrix through a course angle, a pitch angle and a roll angle; calculating a transformation matrix; converting the target coordinates under the ship geographic coordinates into the coordinates of an antenna array plane coordinate system, and calculating the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the target under the antenna array plane coordinate system to obtain the scanning angle of the planar phased array antenna; and acquiring the minimum maximum scanning angle of the planar phased array antenna, thereby obtaining the installation inclination angle of the antenna array surface.

Description

Method for determining installation inclination angle of carrier plane phased-array antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and particularly relates to a method for determining an installation inclination angle of a carrier plane phased array antenna under the condition that a ship is in a motion attitude.
Background
The planar phased array antenna is an array antenna in which antenna units are distributed on a plane, and antenna beams can be scanned in a phased manner in both azimuth and elevation directions. Phased array antennas rely mainly on phase changes to effect movement or scanning of the antenna beam pointing in space, and phase shifters are arranged at the rear end of each antenna element to change the phase relationship of signals between the elements, and amplitude changes of the signals are realized through a power distribution/addition network or an attenuator. For a ship-borne platform, a phased array antenna array surface is generally mounted in a conformal manner with a ship mast surface and designed integrally due to the requirement of radio frequency integration. To achieve scan coverage in the azimuth 360 range, typically more than 3 antenna planes are required. Meanwhile, in order to enable the phased array antenna to have better airspace coverage characteristics, each antenna array surface has a certain installation inclination angle. In general, the electrical performance of a phased array antenna deteriorates with increasing scan angle, and the larger the scan angle at which the antenna main beam deviates from the normal to the array plane, the larger the gain drop. Therefore, it is important to reduce the maximum scan angle of the phased array antenna as much as possible while satisfying the coverage area. To reduce the scan gain drop, minimizing the maximum scan angle is one of the design methods of the array surface mounting tilt angle. When the installation platform of the phased array antenna is under the condition of a motion gesture, such as course change, pitching and rolling of a ship in the sailing process, different installation dip angles can cause the change of a maximum scanning angle for a coverage airspace determined by the phased array antenna.
At present, reports of various documents focus on the study of the installation inclination angle of a phased array antenna under the condition of a static platform. The calculation of the optimum face mounting tilt under hemispherical airspace coverage conditions is reported in the literature "Choosing the Number of Faces of a Phased-Array Antenna for Hemisphere Scan Coverage" (IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, vol. Ap-13, pp. 878-882) published by george. H et al in 1965. At this time, the maximum scan angle of each antenna array plane is equal, and the value is also minimum. However, this document only analyzes a stationary platform in a hemispherical coverage condition. The method of designing the best tilt angle of the phased array antenna for any coverage airspace is reported in the literature (determination of the best array tilt angle and the maximum cell pitch of a planar phased array antenna) (Shao Jiangda, modern radars, 1997, 19 (1): 49-53), but the literature only analyzes that the phased array antenna is in a static platform condition.
When the installation platform of the phased array antenna is under the condition of motion gesture, such as course change and longitudinal and transverse swinging of a ship in the sailing process, the beam direction of the phased array antenna needs to be corrected by adjusting the scanning angle. The electronic stabilization platform compensates beam pointing deviation generated by ship attitude change by calculating the phased array antenna beam pointing angle. The prior patents and articles discuss methods of compensating an electronic stability platform. For example, the literature (Cao Zhengcai. General stable mode coordinate transformation of ship-borne radars [ J ]. Radar and countermeasure, 2010, 30 (1): 47-52.) and (Qiufei, wang Cong. Coordinate system transformation method of ship-borne radar reconnaissance system. Ship electronic countermeasure, 2017, 40 (5): 34-39) deduce a ship electronic stability compensation formula and azimuth angle and pitch angle of antenna beam. The 2014 China patent (application number: 201410704439.2) discloses a beam pointing correction method for a ship longitudinal and transverse integrated vector coordinate transformation antenna. None of the prior documents and patents analyze the installation inclination angle of the phased array antenna array surface under the condition of motion gesture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides a determination method for the installation inclination angle of the carrier plane phased array antenna, which enables the plane phased array antenna to have the smallest maximum scanning angle and further improves the electrical performance of the phased array antenna, aiming at the carrier plane phased array antenna based on the motion gesture condition.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following means. The method for determining the installation inclination angle of the carrier plane phased-array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting one plane phased array antenna from carrier plane phased array antennas, and calculating an antenna array plane installation inclination angle transformation matrix M relative to a carrier deck coordinate system a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the number N of planar phased array antennas and azimuth plane coverageCover range C, and calculating phased array antenna rotary array transformation matrix M of relative ship deck coordinate system h1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The ship course angle transformation matrix M is obtained through the calculation of the course angle H, the pitch angle P and the roll angle R respectively h Pitch angle transformation matrix M p And a roll angle transformation matrix M r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the antenna is rotationally arranged on a ship and the antenna is obliquely installed, a transformation matrix M is calculated according to the course change, pitching and rolling of the ship d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Converting the coordinate of the target A under the geographical coordinate of the ship to the coordinate under the antenna array plane coordinate system, and calculating to obtain the pitch angle theta of the target A under the antenna array plane coordinate system d And azimuth angle phi d Further calculating to obtain a scanning angle alpha of the planar phased array antenna; and the tilt angle theta is arranged on the antenna array surface 0 In the range of the value, the minimum maximum scanning angle of the planar phased array antenna is calculated, thereby obtaining the antenna array surface installation inclination angle theta 0m
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that:
selecting one plane phased array antenna from carrier plane phased array antennas, and calculating an antenna array plane installation inclination transformation matrix relative to a carrier deck coordinate system; according to the number of the planar phased array antennas and the coverage area of the azimuth plane, calculating a phased array antenna rotating array transformation matrix of a relative ship deck coordinate system; respectively calculating a ship course angle transformation matrix, a pitch angle transformation matrix and a roll angle transformation matrix through a course angle, a pitch angle and a roll angle; in the airspace coverage area required by the phased array antenna, when the phased array antenna is in a motion attitude condition along with a carrier-based mounting platform, such as course change, pitching and rolling of a ship, the antenna array surface mounting inclination angle calculated by the method can enable the planar phased array antenna to have the smallest maximum scanning angle, so that the electrical performance of the phased array antenna is improved. Meanwhile, the method can meet the calculation of the array surface installation inclination angle under the condition of rotating and arranging any multi-surface phased array antenna according to the number and the azimuth surface coverage range of the carrier plane phased array antenna.
The invention is particularly suitable for calculating and analyzing the installation inclination angle of the planar phased array antenna array surface of the ship platform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar phased array antenna of the present invention mounted on a ship;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (top view) of a four-sided planar phased array antenna installation layout;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a course transformation;
FIG. 4 is a pitch shift schematic;
FIG. 5 is a roll shift schematic;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a target in an O-XYZ coordinate system;
FIG. 7 is a target at O-X d Y d Z d Schematic in a coordinate system;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a planar phased array antenna scan area;
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1-8. According to the invention, one plane phased array antenna is selected from carrier plane phased array antennas, and an antenna array plane installation inclination transformation matrix M relative to a carrier deck coordinate system is calculated a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the number N of the planar phased array antennas and the coverage range C of the azimuth plane, calculating a phased array antenna rotating array transformation matrix M of a relative ship deck coordinate system h1 : the ship course angle transformation matrix M is obtained through the calculation of the course angle H, the pitch angle P and the roll angle R respectively h Pitch angle transformation matrix M p And a roll angle transformation matrix M r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the antenna is rotationally arranged on a ship and the antenna is obliquely installed, a transformation matrix M is calculated according to the course change, pitching and rolling of the ship d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Converting the coordinate of the target A under the geographical coordinate of the ship to the coordinate of the antenna array plane coordinate system, and calculating to obtain the pitch angle theta of the target A under the antenna array plane coordinate system d And azimuth angle phi d Further calculating to obtain a scanning angle alpha of the planar phased array antenna; mounting inclination angle theta on antenna array surface 0 In the range of the value, the ship is in a motion attitude condition and phased array is in the phased arrayCalculating the minimum and maximum scanning angle of the planar phased array antenna according to the specific airspace coverage of the line, thereby obtaining the antenna array surface installation inclination angle theta 0m
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step: knowing the number N of planar phased array antennas; the antenna array surface is arranged on the ship deck coordinate system inclination angle theta 0 The value range of (2) is [0, theta ] 0H ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Phased array antenna azimuth coverage area C; the value range of the pitch angle theta of the target under the ship geographic coordinate system is [ theta ] LH ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Azimuth angle of target under ship geographic coordinate systemThe value range of (2) is +.>The value range of the course angle H of the ship is [ H ] L ,H H ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The value range of the pitching angle P of the ship is [ P ] L ,P H ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The value range of the roll angle R of the ship is [ R ] L ,R H ]。
And a second step of: see fig. 1. And analyzing the phased array antenna arranged on one surface of the ship, wherein the oblique line coverage area is a planar phased array antenna array surface. Let the ship deck coordinate system be O-X b Y b Z b Antenna array surface mounting inclination angle theta 0 The value range of (2) is [0, theta ] 0H ]. O-X b Y b Z b Coordinate system around OY b Shaft rotation angle theta 0 Rotating to be an O-X ' Y ' Z ' coordinate system, arranging a planar phased array antenna on a Y ' OZ ' surface to obtain an antenna array surface installation inclination angle transformation matrix M a The method comprises the following steps:
and a third step of: to achieve scan coverage in the azimuth 360 range, at least 3 antenna planes would be required.
See fig. 2. The ship deck coordinate system is O-X b Y b Z b ,+Z b The axis is oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the paper. A typical number of antenna array planes of this embodiment is 4, where the diagonal coverage area is a phased array antenna. According to the rotation array angle H 1 The carrier plane phased array antenna is rotationally arranged on a carrier deck coordinate system O-X b Y b Z b Is a specified position of (c). More generally, according to the number N of the planar phased array antennas and the coverage range C of the azimuth plane, the coordinate system O-X of each phased array antenna array plane on the deck of the ship is calculated b Y b Z b Rotation angle of azimuth plane in (a)Wherein i=1, 2, N; c is typically 360 °. Then utilize the rotation angle H 1 Phased array antenna rotating array transformation matrix M for calculating relative ship deck coordinate system h1 Then the ith phased array antenna rotates the array transformation matrix M h1 The method comprises the following steps: />
Fourth step: according to the value ranges of the course angle H, the pitch angle P and the roll angle R of the ship, respectively calculating to obtain a ship course angle transformation matrix M h Pitch angle transformation matrix M p Course angle transformation matrix M r . Let the ship geographic coordinate system be O-XYZ.
See fig. 3. When the course changes, the O-XYZ coordinate system rotates around the OZ axis by an angle H and is O-X h Y h Z h The value range of the heading angle H is [ H ] L ,H H ]. Course angle transformation matrix M h The method comprises the following steps:
see fig. 4. When pitching occurs, the O-XYZ coordinate system is rotated around the OX axis by an angle P and then is O-X p Y p Z p The value range of the pitch angle P is [ P ] L ,P H ]. Pitch angle conversion matrix M p The method comprises the following steps:
see fig. 5. When the roll happens, the O-XYZ coordinate system rotates around the OY axis by an angle R to form an O-X coordinate system r Y r Z r The value range of the roll angle R is [ R ] L ,R H ]. Roll angle conversion matrix M r The method comprises the following steps:
fifth step: considering the rotation array of the antenna on the ship and the inclined installation of the antenna, when the ship changes course, pitching and rolling, the matrix M is transformed d Expressed as: m is M d =M a ·M h1 ·M r ·M p ·M h
Sixth step: see fig. 6. In the ship geographic coordinate system O-XYZ, the pitch angle theta and azimuth angle of the phased array antennaThe range of the pitch angle theta is determined according to the specific target requirement, and the range of the pitch angle theta is [ theta ] LH ]Azimuth angle->The value range of (2) is +.>From this, the azimuth coverage C is calculated: />Unit vector coordinates (x, y, z) of target a in the ship geographic coordinate system: />Converting the calculated target A toPlane phased array antenna array plane coordinate system O-X d Y d Z d Coordinates (x) d ,y d ,z d ):/>
Seventh step: see fig. 7. Let the antenna array plane coordinate system be O-XYZ. Let the pitch angle of the target A in the antenna array plane coordinate system be theta d The azimuth angle of the target A in the antenna array plane coordinate system isAccording to the calculation formula->And->Respectively calculating to obtain the pitch angle theta of the target A in the antenna array plane coordinate system d And azimuth->
Eighth step: see fig. 8. In the antenna array plane coordinate system O-X d Y d Z d In which the array surface is arranged at Y d OZ d On the plane, the rectangular coverage area is a plane phased array antenna array plane, and the normal beam direction of the plane phased array antenna is +X d On the axis, the antenna beam is conical scan, and then the planar phased array antenna scan angle α is expressed as:
ninth step: from the above analysis, it can be seen that the scan angle α of the planar phased array antenna can be determined by the antenna array surface mounting tilt angle θ in the deck coordinate system 0 The number N of the antennas and the rotation angle H of the antenna array 1 Roll angle R, pitch angle P, heading angle H, pitch angle theta and azimuth angle of target under ship geographic coordinate systemAnd (5) uniquely determining. The scan angle α of a planar phased array antenna can thus be expressed as the antenna array face mounting tilt angle θ 0 The number N of the antennas and the rotation angle H of the antenna array 1 Roll angle R, pitch angle P, heading angle H, pitch angle θ and azimuth angle +.>The corresponding rule is noted as f, namely:
roll angle R, pitch angle P, heading angle H, pitch angle theta and azimuth angle of target under ship geographic coordinate systemFor a specific theta within the range of values 0 Maximum scan angle α of planar phased array m0 ) Expressed as:
installation inclination angle theta of planar phased array antenna 0 At [0, θ 0H ]Within the value range, when theta is caused to be 0 =θ 0m When alpha is m0m )=min(α m0 )). At this time, the installation inclination angle of the antenna array surface on the ship is theta 0m When the ship is in a motion attitude condition, the plane phased array antenna has the smallest maximum scanning angle for the specific airspace coverage range of the phased array antenna.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for determining the installation inclination angle of the carrier-based planar phased-array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting one plane phased array antenna from carrier plane phased array antennas, and calculating an antenna array plane installation inclination angle transformation matrix M relative to a carrier deck coordinate system a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on the number of planar phased array antennasNAnd azimuth plane coverageCPhased array antenna rotating array transformation matrix M for calculating relative ship deck coordinate system h1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Through course angleHAngle of pitchPAngle of rollRRespectively calculating to obtain ship course angle transformation matrix M h Pitch angle transformation matrix M p And a roll angle transformation matrix M r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the antenna is rotationally arranged on a ship and the antenna is obliquely installed, a transformation matrix M is calculated according to the course change, pitching and rolling of the ship d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Target under geographical coordinates of shipAConverting the coordinates to those of the antenna array plane coordinate system, and calculating to obtain the targetAPitch angle in antenna array plane coordinate systemθ d And azimuth angleφ d Further calculating to obtain the scanning angle of the planar phased array antennaαThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the inclination angle is arranged on the antenna array surfaceθ 0 Calculating the minimum maximum scanning angle of the planar phased array antenna in the range of the value, thereby obtaining the antenna array surface installation inclination angleθ 0m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Is provided withFor the ship geographic coordinate system, when the course changes, the navigation system is a +.>Coordinate system wrappingOZAxis rotation course array angleHThe latter coordinate system is->Heading angleHThe value range of (2) is +.>Course angle transformation matrix->The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When pitching occurs, the foot is left in the foot>Coordinate system wrappingOXShaft rotation pitch anglePThe coordinate system after the angle is +.>Pitch anglePThe value range of (2) is +.>Pitch angle transformation matrix->The method comprises the following steps:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When roll occurs, +.>Coordinate system wrappingOYRotation angle of shaftRThe coordinate system after the angle is +.>Roll angleRThe value range of (2) is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Roll angle conversion matrix->The method comprises the following steps: />The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the antenna is arranged in a rotating array on a ship and the antenna is obliquely installed, when the ship changes heading, pitching and rolling, the matrix is transformed +.>Expressed as: />
The calculated targetConversion to planar phased array antenna array plane coordinate System +.>Coordinates of->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then calculate the target +.>Pitch angle in antenna array plane coordinate system>And azimuth->:/>
Let the ship deck coordinate system beWill->Coordinate system around OY b The shaft rotates to +.>Is arranged in +.>On the plane, an antenna array surface mounting inclination angle transformation matrix is obtained>The method comprises the following steps:
course-oriented rotary array angleH 1 The carrier plane phased array antenna is rotationally arranged on a carrier deck coordinate systemAccording to the number of planar phased array antennas +.>And azimuth coverage +.>Calculating the coordinate system of each phased array antenna array surface on the deck of the ship>Rotation angle of azimuth plane +.>Wherein->;/>Taking 360 degrees; then utilize the rotation angleH 1 Phased array antenna rotating array transformation matrix for calculating relative ship deck coordinate system>Then->Rotary array transformation matrix of individual phased array antennas>The method comprises the following steps: />
2. The method for determining the installation tilt angle of the carrier-based planar phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the antenna beam is conical scanning, so that the planar phased array antenna scans an angleExpressed as: />
3. The method for determining the installation tilt angle of the carrier-based planar phased-array antenna according to claim 2, wherein: scan angle of planar phased array antennaMounting inclination angle of antenna array surface under deck coordinate system>Antenna number->Antenna array rotation angle +.>Roll angle->Pitch angle->Course angle->Pitch angle of target under ship geographic coordinate system +.>And azimuth->And (5) uniquely determining.
4. The method for determining the installation tilt angle of a carrier-based planar phased-array antenna of claim 3, wherein: scan angle of planar phased array antennaExpressed as antenna array face mounting tilt +.>Antenna number->Antenna array rotation angle +.>Roll angle->Pitch angle->Course angle->Pitch angle of target under ship geographic coordinate system +.>And azimuth->The corresponding rule is recorded as +.>The method comprises the following steps: />
5. The method for determining the installation tilt angle of the carrier-based planar phased-array antenna of claim 4, wherein: at roll anglePitch angle->Course angle->And the pitch angle of the target in the ship geographical coordinate system +.>And azimuth->In the range of the value of (1), the installation inclination angle of the antenna array surface is +.>Maximum scan angle of planar phased array +.>The method comprises the following steps:
6. the method for determining the installation tilt angle of the carrier-based planar phased-array antenna of claim 5, wherein: mounting inclination angle on antenna array surfaceAt->In the range of the value, when the antenna array surface mounting inclination angle of the antenna array surface on the ship is +.>When (I)>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Under the condition that the ship is in a motion attitude, the planar phased array antenna has a minimum maximum scanning angle for a specific airspace coverage range of the phased array antenna.
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