CN111961952B - Preparation method of electrothermal alloy and electrothermal alloy material prepared by preparation method - Google Patents
Preparation method of electrothermal alloy and electrothermal alloy material prepared by preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 238
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical class [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an electrothermal alloy, which uses the existing iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy or a new-component iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy as a target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy; roughly rolling the cast ingot of the target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy into a plate strip, annealing the plate strip, and spraying semiconductor powder on two sides of the plate strip; embedding semiconductor powder on two surfaces of the plate strip, then performing finish rolling, and performing finish rolling forming treatment to obtain a finished product of the electrothermal alloy; the electrical resistivity of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is obviously improved by regulating and controlling the alloy components and adjusting the preparation process of the whole electrothermal alloy, so that the use requirement is met, a new breakthrough is brought to the use of the electrothermal alloy, and the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy has great economic significance and market value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a preparation method of an electrothermal alloy and an electrothermal alloy material prepared by the preparation method.
Background
The electrothermal alloy is a functional electrothermal engineering material which utilizes the resistance characteristic of the alloy to generate joule heat so as to convert electric energy into heat energy. Electrothermal alloys mainly fall into two categories: one is iron-chromium-aluminum alloy of ferrite structure; another class is austenitic nickel chromium alloys. These two types of alloys also differ in their properties due to their different structure. The performance requirements mainly comprise the following three points: first, there should be good oxidation resistance (or resistance to attack by the medium atmosphere) and sufficient creep resistance at high temperatures. Second, it should have a high resistivity, a temperature coefficient of resistivity as low as possible, and be able to withstand large currents. Third, good metallurgical production process performance and manufacturing processability should be achieved.
The main production process flow of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is as follows: smelting raw materials, drawing, flattening and heat treatment. The electrothermal alloy produced by the production process can meet the requirements of most electrothermal alloy application occasions. The production process of the electrothermal alloy strip comprises the following steps: smelting, rolling, drawing, heat treatment and forming. The main application is that the metal honeycomb carrier of the tail gas of the automobile and the motorcycle uses iron chromium aluminum foil belt and the iron chromium aluminum foil material special for the electric ceramic furnace.
With the technological progress and development, more and more occasions are appeared, and the electrothermal alloy with higher performance is required to be used. At present, an electrothermal alloy with ultrahigh resistivity is urgently needed in the market. The resistivity of the electrothermal alloy currently known is only 1.53 mu omega m at most. Part of customers hope to apply the Fe-Cr-Al electric heat-sealing metal thin-belt material with the resistivity as high as 2.0 mu omega-m
The current electrothermal alloy can not meet the application requirement of the market, and is mainly embodied in the following two aspects: first, the resistivity of the current electrothermal alloys is up to 1.53 μ Ω · m, and cannot meet the use requirements of higher resistivity. Secondly, the corrosion resistance of the iron-aluminum series electrothermal alloy is poor and is only equivalent to 4 series stainless steel.
At present, the method developed aiming at the iron-chromium-aluminum series electrothermal alloy is generally adjusted from the alloy composition. During smelting, various trace elements are added to adjust the resistivity and the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and then defects are generated by various subsequent traditional process means to further increase the resistivity of the alloy. The traditional method can adjust the properties such as resistivity and the like to a certain extent, but the adjustment range is still limited. Even the current electrothermal alloys with the highest resistivity cannot meet the higher demands of the market.
There are limitations to the fine tuning only by alloying elements and conventional processing. When the components are regulated and controlled, if the trace elements are excessively added, the strength and the hardness of the alloy can be increased, the subsequent processing performance of the alloy is deteriorated, and the alloy can crack in the process of rolling the strip in severe cases. In addition, since the resistivity of the alloy itself is not high by adding various metal elements, the resistivity cannot be greatly increased. The resistivity of the electrothermal alloy is increased by defects generated by the traditional process, but the controllability of the defects is not high, and most of the defects in the alloy are products attached to the production process and are difficult to artificially regulate, so that the method for greatly improving the resistivity of the electrothermal alloy by depending on micro-alloying and increasing a large number of defects is not feasible at present.
Therefore, in combination with the market demand and the performance of the current electrothermal alloy, the development of an iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy material with high resistivity, high corrosion resistance and economy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the highest resistivity of the iron-chromium-aluminum electric heating alloy in the market is only 1.53 mu omega-m, the prior technical scheme is extremely difficult to greatly increase the resistivity of the alloy through component regulation and control, the resistivity can be increased by the defects generated by the traditional process, but the number of the defects cannot be effectively controlled, and the like, and provides a preparation method of the electric heating alloy and an electric heating alloy material prepared by the same. The invention improves the electrical resistivity and other properties of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy by adjusting and controlling the alloy components and improving the processing technique. The processing performance of the alloy is improved by properly reducing the Cr content, part of resistivity of the alloy is compensated by adding part of silicon powder during smelting, and the corrosion resistance and the oxidation resistance of the alloy are further ensured by adding a certain amount of Al. The preparation process of the integral electrothermal alloy is adjusted, so that the resistivity of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy is obviously improved, the use requirement is met, a new breakthrough is brought to the use of the electrothermal alloy, and the electrothermal alloy has great economic significance and market value.
Meanwhile, according to different use conditions, under the condition that the requirements of some working conditions are higher, the existing iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy can be directly used for rolling and spraying semiconductor powder, and on the premise of keeping the high performance of the original material, the resistivity is increased, so that the comprehensive performance of the material is good.
The invention also aims to disclose an electrothermal alloy material prepared by the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
providing a preparation method of an electrothermal alloy, wherein the existing iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy or the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy with new components is used as the target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy; roughly rolling the cast ingot of the target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy into a plate strip, annealing the plate strip, and spraying semiconductor powder on two sides of the plate strip; embedding semiconductor powder on two surfaces of the plate strip, then performing finish rolling, and performing finish rolling forming treatment to obtain a finished product of the electrothermal alloy;
the new-component Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is an alloy component regulated and controlled on the basis of taking the existing Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy as a component, alloy components are regulated and controlled by regulating alloy Cr elements, Si elements, Al elements and rare metal elements in the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy, and an Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy ingot is obtained by smelting.
The invention regulates the corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and subsequent processing performance by regulating and controlling the alloy components and the content of Cr and Al elements. The resistivity of the alloy is properly improved by adding proper amount of alloy elements such as Cr element, Si element, Al element, rare earth element and the like. Meanwhile, by adopting the semiconductor powder spraying treatment, the semiconductor powder with high resistivity is uniformly embedded in the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, so that the usage amount of Cr element is saved, and the resistivity of the alloy is obviously improved; not only keeps various excellent performances of the iron, the chromium and the aluminum, but also obviously improves the resistivity and the corrosion resistance of the material.
Further, the raw material mixture ratio of the iron-chromium-aluminum electric heating alloy cast ingot is as follows: according to the mass percentage of the total molten material, on the basis of the existing Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy components, reducing the addition amount of Cr element by 2-14% of the existing Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy components with the Cr element content of more than 13%, and then adding Fe and/or Al with the mass percentage of 2-14% to replace the reduced Cr content, so that the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy cast ingot is obtained after blending: the total Cr content is controlled to be 13-18%, the total Al content is controlled to be 3-14%, and the total Si element content is controlled to be 0.05-0.5% during smelting (the semiconductor powder embedded by spraying or rolling is not contained). If the original components contain Nb or RE or Mo, Nb, RE and Mo are added by adopting a pre-cast intermediate alloy process, wherein the intermediate alloy is Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy. The contents of Nb, RE and Mo are controlled to be 0-2%, and the balance is industrial pure iron.
The invention achieves an optimized proportioning mode by scientifically adding various element components, and further approaches the market demand. The corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the alloy are ensured by properly reducing the Cr content in the original electrothermal alloy components and replacing the reduced Cr content with Al and/or Fe, more importantly, the subsequent processing performance is ensured, and a good foundation is laid for the subsequent processing technology of spraying semiconductor powder. And a small amount of silicon powder is added in the smelting process, so that the partial resistivity is improved. The method for replacing Cr content with other element content greatly saves the raw material cost of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy.
Further, the preparation method of the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy cast ingot comprises the following steps:
s1, adding one of Nb, RE and Mo by adopting a pre-fabricated intermediate alloy process, and pre-smelting corresponding Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloys as intermediate alloys for later use;
s2, determining the total mass of the electrothermal alloy smelted each time, and calculating the mass of each alloy element; changing the added rare metal simple substance into Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of the rare metal elements and/or rare earth elements required by smelting, replacing the mass with the mass of the rare elements contained in the Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of the Cr elements in the added Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy, and calculating the mass of the lack Cr elements; then, the mass of the residual metal Cr element required by smelting the electrothermal alloy is supplemented;
s3, when the electrothermal alloy is smelted, metal aluminum, industrial pure iron, intermediate alloy and the balance of metal Cr are added; putting the silicon powder into a medium-frequency vacuum induction smelting furnace in sequence, and uniformly dispersing the silicon powder into an upper middle layer so as to disperse the silicon powder in the electrothermal alloy matrix; the melting temperature gradient is set to be 1970 +/-30 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2-4min, 1770 +/-30 ℃ is kept for 3-5min, 1600 +/-30 ℃ is kept for 1-3min, and after the materials are melted uniformly repeatedly, the materials are cooled along with the furnace to obtain the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy ingot.
In the step S3, the intermediate alloy is Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, the smelting temperature is 2510 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 min.
The following steps are directed to the smelting of the Nb-containing electric heating alloy, when the Cr-Nb eutectic alloy is smelted in advance, the smelting temperature is 2510 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3min, namely, the elementary substances of Cr and Nb are smelted into molten liquid; determining the total mass of the electrothermal alloy smelted each time, and calculating the mass of each alloy element; changing the added Nb metal simple substance into Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of Nb required by smelting, replacing the mass of Nb contained in the Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of Cr element in the added Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, and calculating the mass of the Cr element which is still lacked; then the mass of the residual metal Cr element required by smelting the electrothermal alloy is supplemented.
When the electrothermal alloy is smelted, sequentially putting metal aluminum, industrial pure iron, Cr-Nb intermediate alloy and the balance metal Cr into a medium-frequency vacuum induction smelting furnace, and uniformly dispersing silicon powder into an upper middle layer so as to disperse the silicon powder in an electrothermal alloy matrix; the melting temperature gradient is set to be 1970 +/-30 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2-4min, 1770 +/-30 ℃ is kept for 3-5min, 1600 +/-30 ℃ is kept for 1-3min, and after the materials are melted uniformly repeatedly, the materials are cooled along with the furnace to obtain the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy ingot.
And uniformly dispersing the silicon powder into the middle upper layer so as to disperse the silicon powder in the electrothermal alloy matrix. According to the sequence of putting the materials from low melting point to high melting point, the lower layer is made of low melting point metal, and the upper layer is made of high melting point metal, so that the rapid melting of the high melting point metal is facilitated, and the melting efficiency is ensured. The content of carbon and oxygen is strictly controlled in the smelting process, the smelting uniformity is ensured, the elements and matrix elements are prevented from existing in a crystal boundary in the form of carbide or oxide and other brittle inclusions, and the problem of brittle fracture of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy in the drawing process is avoided. The control of the carbon and oxygen content of the iron, the chromium and the aluminum meets the national standard.
The invention is creatively improved on the basis of the prior technical scheme. Firstly, the alloy composition is regulated and controlled to further approach the market demand. The corrosion resistance and the oxidation resistance of the alloy are ensured by properly regulating and controlling the contents of Cr and Al elements; the influence of the addition of alloy Cr element in steel on corrosion resistance accords with n/8 law. That is, when n is 1, 1/8 (12.5%) is added by mass, and when the content of Cr is more than this value, the corrosion resistance of the steel is remarkably increased, that is, the content of Cr in general stainless steel is usually more than 13%.
The resistivity of the alloy is increased by increasing the content of silicon element in a proper amount; the oxidation resistance and the corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved by increasing the content of Al element in a proper amount. The silicon element has obvious semiconductor properties and high resistivity, and the resistivity of the silicon element can be increased under the condition of ensuring that the mechanical property is not seriously weakened by trace addition. Because the resistivity of the electrothermal alloy is significantly increased, the silicon element is considered in the design. Meanwhile, the silicon element is also beneficial to improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy and promoting the flow property of the molten metal during metal smelting, so that the mechanical property can be hardly influenced by adding a small amount of the silicon element, and benefits in other aspects can be brought.
Al element is added into the electrothermal alloy and can generate compact aluminum oxide film Al with oxygen in the air in the service process2O3Preventing the air from continuing to oxidize the substrate. Meanwhile, the existence of Al is favorable for adsorbing trace oxygen brought in the smelting process to form Al2O3Because the resistivity is very high, the alloy can be dispersed in the matrix, and the resistivity of the alloy can be increased to a certain extent.
The smelting mode is adopted to ensure that refractory metal simple substances Cr and Nb can be fully and uniformly smelted. It is beneficial to enhance the corrosion resistance of alloy elements and slightly increase the resistivity of the electrothermal alloy. Of course, the above process improvements are still far from meeting the market demand for high resistivity.
Alternatively, in step S3, the intermediate alloy is melted by an arc induction melting furnace or a vacuum melting device instead of the medium frequency vacuum induction melting furnace, and the protective atmosphere is selected from inert gas.
Further, hot forging the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy cast ingot into a rod shape, wherein the hot forging temperature is 1100 ℃, and then drawing the cast ingot into a linear shape, wherein the specification after drawing is
And the specification is equal; finally rolling into rough plate and strip. Carrying out primary annealing treatment on the rough plate strip, wherein the specific annealing scheme is that the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-20 min; carrying out primary annealing treatment on the electric heating alloy subjected to cold working, wherein the annealing temperature of the primary annealing treatment is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-20 min; by regulating and controlling the combination of double parameters of annealing temperature and heat preservation time, the grains after annealing are ensured to be equiaxed fine grains, and the ductility of the product in the subsequent processing process is ensured.
Further, the annealing temperature of the second annealing treatment of the strip is set to be 700-800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10-20 min.
Further, the operation steps of spraying the semiconductor powder on two sides of the plate strip are as follows: spraying equipment (including novel high-energy plasma spraying equipment, supersonic (low-pressure) spraying equipment, electric arc spraying equipment and the like) is adopted on two sides of the plate strip; spraying semiconductor powder such as industrial silicon powder, silicon dioxide, metal germanium powder, etc. on both sides of the plate strip. The semiconductor powder is in an amorphous state or a polyhedral state; in the process of spraying the semiconductor powder, the thin strip and/or the semiconductor powder are/is heated to 600-900 ℃, and the transfer speed of the rough strip is set to be 1-15 m/min. For the novel high-energy plasma spraying equipment, the rated power of a main power supply is 80kW, the working voltage is 30-90V, and the working current is 100-800A; the pressure of powder feeding gas is 0.3-0.5MPa, the powder feeding speed is 10-180g/min, the particle size of the powder is 150-400 meshes, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0-25L/min; the rated current of the plasma spray gun is 150-800A, and the working voltage is 30-100V. For supersonic (low pressure) spraying equipment, the surface of the workpiece does not need to be heated, the pressure of compressed air is 5-10 atmospheric pressures, the temperature of the compressed air is 200-The flow rate is 0.3-0.8m3Min, powder feeding flow of 10-100g/min, and powder particle size of 15-40 μm.
Further, the rolling reduction of the rough rolling is controlled to be 5% -8%, and the rolling speed is controlled to be 0.05-0.1 m/s.
Furthermore, in the finish rolling forming treatment, the finish rolling reduction is controlled to be 0.5-1 percent, and the rolling speed is controlled to be 0.02-0.05 m/s.
The iron-chromium-aluminum electric heating alloy is any one improved on the basis of the original components. The original components are as follows: 0Cr20Al3, 0Cr23Al5, 0Cr20Al6RE, 0Cr25Al5, 0Cr25Al6Nb, 0Cr24Al6RE, and 0Cr27Al7Mo 2.
The invention also aims to disclose the electrothermal alloy material prepared by the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy solves the problems that the prior art scheme is extremely difficult to realize the great increase of the resistivity of the alloy through the regulation and control of components, the resistivity can be improved by the defects additionally generated by the traditional process, but the defect quantity cannot be effectively controlled, and the like, and divides the process steps of rolling, annealing, spraying semiconductor powder, finish rolling and finishing the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy with high Cr element content into two schemes by dividing the Cr element content (the Cr element content is more than 20%) and the Cr element content (the Cr element content is 13-20%), if the cost is not considered, the process steps of rolling, annealing, spraying semiconductor powder, finish rolling and finishing the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy with high Cr element content can be directly carried out, and the resistivity is increased on the premise of keeping the high performance of the original material, so that the comprehensive performance of the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is good; is suitable for the conditions with higher requirements on working conditions such as corrosion resistance and the like.
Meanwhile, the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy adjusts the preparation process of the whole electrothermal alloy by regulating and controlling the alloy components aiming at the Cr-containing Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy, so that the resistivity of the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is obviously improved, the use requirement is met, the cost is saved, the resistivity can be improved, other comprehensive properties can also meet the use requirement, a new breakthrough is brought to the use of the electrothermal alloy, and the preparation method has great economic significance and market value.
The preparation method of the electrothermal alloy adopts the treatment of spraying the semiconductor powder, so that the semiconductor powder with high resistivity is uniformly embedded in the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, and the resistivity of the alloy is obviously improved. Not only inherits various excellent performances of iron, chromium and aluminum, but also obviously improves the resistivity and the corrosion resistance.
The preparation method of the electrothermal alloy can ensure the high resistivity of the alloy by properly reducing the chromium consumption through adding the improved aluminum content. The material cost can be saved by about 20 percent, and the method has great economic benefit.
The preparation method of the electrothermal alloy improves the main performance of the electrothermal alloy, namely high resistivity. Provides an effective means for the development and regulation of the subsequent electrothermal alloy. The metal elements which are added for improving the resistivity of the electrothermal alloy and have higher cost can be properly reduced, thereby realizing the maximum reduction of the cost. And according to a first-fit line graph of the mass percent of Cr element in the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy and the resistivity. It can be found that the resistivity is substantially in positive correlation with the content of the Cr element. The use cost of the alloy elements can be saved by 5 to 25 percent through component regulation.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention in detail. Unless otherwise indicated, the various starting materials used in the examples of the present invention are either conventionally available commercially or prepared according to conventional methods in the art using equipment commonly used in the laboratory. Unless defined or stated otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The method takes the components of the existing Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy as a component regulation and control basis, regulates and controls the alloy components by regulating alloy Cr elements, Si elements, Al elements and rare metal elements in the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy, and obtains an Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy cast ingot by smelting;
roughly rolling the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy cast ingot into a plate strip, annealing the plate strip, and spraying semiconductor powder on two sides of the plate strip; and embedding the semiconductor powder on two surfaces of the plate strip, then performing finish rolling, and performing finish rolling forming treatment to obtain a finished product of the electrothermal alloy. The semiconductor powder is one of industrial silicon powder, silicon dioxide and metal germanium powder, and is in an amorphous state or a polyhedral state.
The specific operation thereof is as follows.
Example 1
In the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy of the embodiment, the components of the 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy are used as the basis for regulating and controlling the components, and the adding amount and the ratio of the alloying elements are shown in table 1. The specific smelting operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-smelting a Cr-Nb eutectic alloy for later use; when the Cr-Nb eutectic alloy is smelted in advance, the smelting temperature is 2510-;
s2, determining the total mass of the electrothermal alloy smelted each time, and calculating the mass of each alloy element; changing the added Nb metal simple substance into Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of Nb required by smelting, replacing the mass of Nb contained in the Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of Cr element in the added Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, and calculating the mass of the Cr element which is still lacked; then, the mass of the residual metal Cr element required by smelting the eutectic alloy is supplemented, and the specific element addition is shown in Table 1.
S3, when the electrothermal alloy is smelted, sequentially putting metal aluminum, industrial pure iron, Cr-Nb intermediate alloy and the balance metal Cr into a medium-frequency vacuum induction smelting furnace, and uniformly dispersing silicon powder into an upper middle layer so as to disperse the silicon powder in an electrothermal alloy matrix; setting the gradient of the smelting temperature to 1970 ℃, preserving heat for 4min at 1770 ℃ for 5min, preserving heat for 3min at 1600 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace after repeatedly smelting uniformly to obtain the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy ingot.
When the electrothermal alloy is smelted, metal aluminum, industrial pure iron, Cr-Nb intermediate alloy and the balance chromium are sequentially put into a medium-frequency vacuum induction smelting furnace, and silicon powder is uniformly dispersed in an upper middle layer so as to be dispersed in an electrothermal alloy matrix. According to the sequence of putting the materials from low melting point to high melting point, the lower layer is made of low melting point metal, and the upper layer is made of high melting point metal, so that the rapid melting of the high melting point metal is facilitated, and the melting efficiency is ensured. And the temperature is set to be in gradient arrangement, so that the smelting quality is ensured.
The content of carbon and oxygen is strictly controlled in the smelting process, the smelting uniformity is ensured, and the elements and matrix elements are prevented from existing in the grain boundary in the form of brittle inclusions such as carbide or oxide. The problem of brittle fracture of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy in the drawing process is avoided. The control of the carbon-oxygen content of the iron, the chromium and the aluminum meets the national standard.
And then, preparing the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy ingot obtained by smelting into an iron-chromium-aluminum metal foil strip through drawing, rough rolling, heat treatment, spraying silicon powder, further rough rolling, heat treatment, finish rolling, deburring defects and rolling finished products.
The specific operation is as follows: hot forging the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step S3 into a rod shape, wherein the hot forging temperature is 1100 ℃, and then drawing the cast ingot into a linear shape, wherein the specification after drawing is
And (5) waiting for the specification. Finally, rolling to form a thin strip.
And then annealing the rough plate strip, wherein the alternative annealing scheme of annealing is roller bottom annealing or pit furnace annealing to reduce the alloy hardness, so that the subsequent processing is convenient. The first annealing temperature is 750-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15-20 min. The electric heating alloy after cold working is annealed for the first time, and the grains after annealing are ensured to be equiaxed fine grains by regulating and controlling the combination of double parameters of annealing temperature and heat preservation time, so that the ductility of the product in the subsequent processing process is ensured.
Secondly, supersonic spraying equipment (such as LP-TCY-II/III type supersonic low-pressure cold spraying equipment) is adopted on two sides of the rough strip, silicon powder is sprayed on the two sides of the strip, and the silicon powder is in an amorphous state or a polyhedral state; in the process of spraying the silicon powder, in the embodiment, the surface of the workpiece does not need to be heated, the transfer speed of the rough plate strip is set to be 1-6m/min, the pressure of compressed air is 5-10 atmospheric pressures, the temperature of the compressed air is 200-300 ℃, and the flow of the compressed air is 0.3-0.8m3Min, powder feeding flow is 10-100g/min, and the particle size of the powder is 15-40 mu m; the rotating speed of the blade is adjusted to 1500-1800r/min to ensure the silicon powderUniformly embedded on the iron-chromium aluminum plate belt. The powder feeding speed in this embodiment is selected to be 100-180 g/min. Specifically, setting is carried out according to the resistivity of the needed electrothermal alloy, and after silicon powder is uniformly embedded and distributed on two surfaces of the rough plate strip, further rolling is carried out, so that the silicon powder is completely embedded in the plate strip and is in compact contact with a matrix tissue, and the rough parameter reduction amount is controlled to be 5-8%. The rolling speed is controlled at 0.05-0.1 m/s. Then annealing treatment is carried out on the plate strip, the annealing temperature is set to 700-750 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20 min. And finally, performing finish rolling forming treatment on the plate strip, controlling the finish rolling reduction amount to be 0.5-1% and the rolling speed to be 0.03-0.05m/s, cutting edges, polishing, removing burrs and curling to obtain a final finished product.
Example 2
In the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy of the embodiment, the components of the 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy are used as the basis for regulating and controlling the components, and the adding amount and the ratio of the alloying elements are shown in table 1. The operation method of the specific smelting is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that:
s1, when the Cr-Nb eutectic alloy is smelted in advance, the smelting temperature is 2500-2510 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3min, namely, Cr and Nb are smelted into molten liquid. The steps of S2 and S3 were performed in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain Fe-Cr-Al alloy ingots. And then rolling the alloy into a thin strip, and carrying out primary annealing (recrystallization annealing) for selecting an annealing scheme such as roller bottom annealing or pit furnace annealing to reduce the alloy hardness, so that the alloy is convenient for subsequent processing treatment. The recrystallization annealing temperature is 820-.
Secondly, supersonic spraying equipment is adopted on two sides of the rough plate strip, silicon powder is sprayed on the two sides of the plate strip, and the silicon powder is in an amorphous state or a polyhedral state; in the process of spraying the silicon powder, the thin strip and/or the silicon powder are/is heated for 600-; the transfer speed of the rough plate belt is set to be 8-15m/min, the pressure of compressed air is 5-10 atmospheric pressures, the temperature of the compressed air is 500-600 ℃, and the flow rate of the compressed air is 0.3-0.8m3And/min, the particle size of the powder is 15-40 mu m, and the rotating speed of the blade is adjusted to 2000-2200r/min in the process of spraying the silicon powder, so that the silicon powder is uniformly embedded on the iron-chromium aluminum plate belt. In particular toSetting according to the resistivity of the needed electrothermal alloy, after silicon powder is uniformly embedded and distributed on two sides of the rough plate strip, further rolling to ensure that the silicon powder is completely embedded in the plate strip and is in compact contact with a matrix tissue, controlling the rough parameter reduction amount to be 5-8% and controlling the rolling speed to be 0.05-0.1 m/s. Then annealing treatment is carried out on the plate strip, the annealing temperature is set to be 750-800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 min. And finally, performing finish rolling forming treatment on the plate strip, controlling the finish rolling reduction amount to be 0.5-1% and the rolling speed to be 0.02-0.04m/s, cutting edges, polishing, removing burrs and curling to obtain a final finished product.
Example 3
In the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy of the embodiment, the components of the 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy are used as the basis for regulating and controlling the components, and the adding amount and the ratio of the alloying elements are shown in table 1. The operation method of the specific smelting is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: s3, when the electrothermal alloy is smelted, sequentially putting metal aluminum, industrial pure iron, Cr-Nb intermediate alloy and the balance metal Cr into a medium-frequency vacuum induction smelting furnace, and uniformly dispersing silicon powder into an upper middle layer so as to disperse the silicon powder in an electrothermal alloy matrix; the smelting temperature gradient is set to 1950-. The operation steps of spraying silicon powder on two sides of the plate strip are as follows: adopting novel high-energy plasma spraying equipment, wherein the rated power of a main power supply is 80kW, the working voltage is 30-90V, and the working current is 100-800A; the pressure of the powder feeding gas is 0.3-0.5MPa, the powder feeding speed is 10-180g/min, the powder feeding speed in the embodiment is selected to be 180g/min, the particle size of the powder is 150-400 meshes, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 0-25L/min, and the embodiment is 10-20L/min; the rated current of the plasma spray gun is 150-800A, and the working voltage is 30-100V.
Example 4
The method comprises hot forging 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy product into rod shape at 1100 deg.C, wherein the commercially available 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy product comprises components according to national standard and total weight of 10KgDrawing into a linear shape, the specification after drawing is
And (5) waiting for the specification. Finally, rolling to form a thin strip.
Spraying industrial silicon powder on both sides of the thin strip by supersonic spraying equipment (such as LP-TCY-II/III type supersonic low-pressure cold spraying equipment), wherein the process for spraying the silicon powder is the same as that in example 1, and a finished product is obtained.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, the same scheme as that in example 1 is adopted to roll and anneal the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy cast ingot, but the difference is that the operation of spraying silicon powder on two sides of the plate strip is not adopted, the electrothermal alloy finished product is obtained by finish rolling, and the operation of spraying silicon powder is not carried out.
Comparative example 2
A commercial 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy product (foil of a flat strip of 1mm in thickness and 200mm in width, from Credit alloy, Dengyang) has the composition shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy products prepared in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 and the commercially available 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 2 according to the national standard.
TABLE 2
From the embodiments 1 to 3, it can be known that the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the alloy are controlled by controlling the content of chromium elements through controlling the alloy components, the chromium elements are reduced, the hardness of the final product reaches 215-248 HB through adjusting the addition amount of other elements, and the resistivity of the final product is broken through to more than 2.50 μ Ω · m, so that the resistivity of the final product is greatly improved compared with the prior product on the premise of ensuring the service performance. Example 4a commercial 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy product was used directly for rolling and spraying silicon powder, the properties of the finished product maintained the good properties of the original matrix, and the resistivity reached 2.86 μ Ω. m, which was 86.9% higher than the highest resistivity of 1.53 μ Ω. m, but the cost of the alloy was higher. Comparative example 2 is a commercially available 0Cr21Al6Nb alloy product with a much lower resistivity than the product of example 4.
Compared with the prior 1Cr13Al4 product, the resistivity of the product is improved from the prior 1.25 mu omega.m to 1.32 mu omega.m, but the resistivity is smaller than that of the finished product formed by spraying silicon powder and rolling after the alloy components are regulated and controlled in the embodiment 1. The composition regulation and control has certain superiority, not only can reduce the usage amount of Cr and reduce the cost, but also can properly improve the resistivity.
The solutions of the embodiments 1 to 3 achieve higher performance requirements that cannot be met by the conventional process routes through separate steps. The corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the alloy are regulated by regulating the alloy components and regulating the content of chromium, and the resistivity of the alloy is properly improved by adding a proper amount of alloy elements such as silicon, rare earth and the like. By adopting the treatment of spraying the silicon powder, the silicon powder with high resistivity is uniformly embedded in the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, so that the resistivity of the alloy is obviously improved. Not only inherits various excellent performances of iron, chromium and aluminum, but also obviously improves the resistivity and the corrosion resistance.
The forming scheme is used for high resistivity and high oxidation resistance, and the high resistivity of the alloy can be still ensured by increasing the aluminum content and properly reducing the chromium consumption. Thus saving a significant cost of 20%.
The scheme improves the main performance of the electrothermal alloy, namely high resistivity. Provides an effective means for the development and regulation of the subsequent electrothermal alloy. The metal elements which are added for improving the resistivity of the electrothermal alloy and have higher cost can be properly reduced, thereby realizing the maximum reduction of the cost. And (3) a first-fit line graph of the mass percent of Cr element in the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy and the resistivity. The resistivity of the alloy is basically in positive correlation with the content of Cr element, so that the expensive Cr-equivalent metal element for improving the resistivity in the iron-chromium ratio can be reduced as much as possible; the use cost of the alloy elements can be saved by 5 to 25 percent through component regulation. The resistivity is greatly improved, and the usage amount of the electrothermal alloy material can be greatly reduced under the condition of the same heating value, so that the material use cost is saved by 25-50%.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an electrothermal alloy is characterized in that the existing iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy or the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy with new components is used as the target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy; roughly rolling the cast ingot of the target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy into a plate strip, annealing the plate strip, and spraying semiconductor powder on two sides of the plate strip; embedding semiconductor powder on two surfaces of the plate strip, then performing finish rolling, and performing finish rolling forming treatment to obtain a finished product of the electrothermal alloy;
the new-component Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy is an alloy component regulated and controlled on the basis of taking the existing Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy as a component, alloy components are regulated and controlled by regulating alloy Cr elements, Si elements, Al elements, rare metal elements and/or rare earth elements in the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy, and an Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy ingot is obtained by smelting;
according to the mass percentage of the total molten material, the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy cast ingot with the new components comprises the following raw materials: adopting the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy with the Cr element content of more than 13 percent, and reducing the addition of 2 to 14 percent of the Cr element on the premise of ensuring that the total content of the Cr element is more than 13 percent; replacing the reduced Cr content with 2-14% Fe and/or Al; so that the iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy cast ingot is obtained after blending: the content of Cr element is more than 13 percent and less than or equal to 18 percent, the content of Al element is 3 to 14 percent, and the content of the total Si element is controlled to be 0.05 to 0.5 percent during smelting; the content of rare metal Nb or Mo or rare earth element RE is controlled to be 0-2%, and the rest is iron element.
2. The method for preparing an electrothermal alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the target iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
s1, adding one of Nb, RE and Mo by adopting a pre-fabricated intermediate alloy process, and pre-smelting corresponding Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloys as intermediate alloys for later use;
s2, determining the total mass of the electrothermal alloy smelted each time, and calculating the mass of each alloy element; changing the added rare metal or rare earth element simple substance into Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of the rare metal element or rare earth element required by smelting, replacing the mass with the mass of the rare element or rare earth element contained in the Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy, calculating the mass of the Cr element in the added Cr-Nb, Cr-RE and Cr-Mo eutectic alloy, and calculating the mass of the lack Cr element; then, the mass of the residual metal Cr element required by smelting the electrothermal alloy is supplemented;
s3, when the electrothermal alloy is smelted, metal aluminum, industrial pure iron, intermediate alloy and the balance of metal Cr are added; putting the silicon powder into a medium-frequency vacuum induction smelting furnace in sequence, and uniformly dispersing the silicon powder into an upper middle layer so as to disperse the silicon powder in the electrothermal alloy matrix; the melting temperature gradient is set to be 1970 +/-30 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2-4min, 1770 +/-30 ℃ is kept for 3-5min, 1600 +/-30 ℃ is kept for 1-3min, and after the materials are melted uniformly repeatedly, the materials are cooled along with the furnace to obtain the Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy ingot.
3. The method for preparing the electrothermal alloy according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the intermediate alloy is Cr-Nb eutectic alloy, the smelting temperature is 2510 +/-10 ℃, and the holding time is 1-3 min.
4. The preparation method of the electrothermal alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strip is heat-treated by two annealing treatments, the annealing temperature of the first annealing treatment is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-20 min; the annealing temperature of the second annealing treatment is set to be 700-800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10-20 min.
5. The method for preparing the electrothermal alloy of claim 1, wherein the operation of spraying the semiconductor powder on both sides of the plate strip comprises the following steps: spraying semiconductor powder on two sides of the strip, and heating the strip and/or the semiconductor powder to 600-900 ℃ in the process of spraying the semiconductor powder.
6. The method for preparing the electrothermal alloy according to claim 1, wherein the reduction amount of the rough rolling is controlled to be 5-8%, and the rolling speed is controlled to be 0.05-0.1 m/s.
7. The method for producing an electrothermal alloy according to claim 1, wherein the finish rolling reduction amount of the finish rolling is controlled to 0.5 to 1%, and the rolling speed is controlled to 0.02 to 0.05 m/s.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the conventional Fe-Cr-Al alloy is selected from the group consisting of 0Cr20Al3, 0Cr23Al5, 0Cr20Al6RE, 0Cr25Al5, 0Cr25Al6Nb, 0Cr24Al6RE, and 0Cr27Al7Mo 2.
9. An electrothermal alloy material prepared by the preparation method of the electrothermal alloy of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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