CN111961929A - Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 43
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a powder metallurgy preparation technology of a novel aluminum-based alloy, in particular to a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge and a preparation method thereof. The mass of (Si + Ge) accounts for 0.001-2% of the total mass of the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy. The preparation method comprises the following steps: distributing and taking each raw material according to a design group; uniformly mixing to obtain a standby material; preparing the standby material into a green compact in a pressing mode; sintering the pressed compact in a protective atmosphere, and obtaining a strengthened powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si and Ge after solid solution and aging treatment; the sintering temperature is 550-650 ℃. According to the invention, by adding a proper trace amount of Si and Ge powder, the microstructure of the aluminum alloy is effectively improved, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved, and the application field of the aluminum alloy can be further widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a powder metallurgy preparation technology of a novel aluminum-based alloy, in particular to a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy is used as an important structural material, is widely applied in the industries of aviation, aerospace, building packaging, ships, transportation and the like because of a series of advantages of small density, high strength, easy processing, rich resources and the like, but along with the rapid development of magnesium alloy and titanium alloy, the aluminum alloy material faces unprecedented challenges. Nevertheless, the light-weight and high-strength aluminum alloy is still an irreplaceable structural material, so how to deal with the material application crisis brought by the composite material and further improve the performance of the aluminum material has become a common concern in the international aluminum industry today.
The powder metallurgy technology has the characteristics of near net shape, less cutting, uniform structure and the like, has incomparable specific advantages in the field of material preparation compared with other methods, and better accords with the current direction of developing green and high-performance aluminum alloy. In order to improve the performance of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy, other elements can be added to strengthen the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy. The existing research shows that the strength of the as-cast Al-Cu-Mg alloy can be improved by adding a small amount of Si/Ge in combination with heat treatment, but no relevant research and application exist in the field of powder metallurgy; therefore, it is necessary to develop a preparation technology and a heat treatment process of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge so as to improve the application value and the field of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing aluminum alloy structure and powder metallurgy preparation technology, and provides a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge and a preparation method thereof.
The invention realizes that proper amount of Si/Ge element powder is added into Al-Cu-Mg alloy powder by combining a powder metallurgy process for the first time; and combines with a heat treatment process to obtain the Si/Ge-containing reinforced powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy with excellent performance.
The method has the characteristics of simple preparation process, flexible operation, obvious optimization effect, greenness, energy conservation and the like.
The invention relates to a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge; Si/Ge and intermetallic compounds thereof are distributed in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrix; the mass of (Si + Ge) accounts for 0.001-2% of the total mass of the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy.
In the invention, even if the element segregation of Si/Ge occurs in the sintered sample, the Si/Ge and the intermetallic compound thereof after the heat treatment can be uniform and have the grain diameter less than 1 μm.
Preferably, the mass of (Si + Ge) is 0.1-2%, more preferably 0.25-1.5 wt.%, of the total mass of the powder metallurgical Al-Cu-Mg alloy. As a further preferred embodiment; in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, the Ge content was 0.25 wt.%, and the Si content was 0.5 wt.%. When the content of Ge is 0.25 wt.% and the content of Si is 0.5 wt.% in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, the performance of the obtained product is far better than that of other products.
The invention relates to a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge; the Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cu：0.5％-5％
Mg：1％-4.9％
Mn：0.02％-1.0％
al: and (4) the balance.
Preferably, the invention relates to a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge; the Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cu：3％-5％；
Mg：1％-2％；
Mn：0.02％-0.9％；
Zn：0.1％-0.3％；
al: and (4) the balance.
The invention relates to a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge; the Si and Ge are pure Si powder and pure Ge powder, at least one of which is selected, and the purity is more than 99.9%.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge, which comprises the following steps:
step one
Selecting Al-Cu-Mg alloy powder and Si/Ge powder according to the designed components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a spare material;
step two
Pressing the standby material into a pressed blank in a pressing mode;
step three
Sintering the pressed compact obtained in the second step under the protective atmosphere to obtain powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge; the sintering temperature is 550-650 ℃.
Step four
Putting the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge obtained in the step three into a heat treatment furnace; under a protective atmosphere or an air atmosphere; heating to 475-; rapidly quenching the sample after the solution treatment into a quenching medium at the temperature of 20-80 ℃, and preserving heat for 0-5 min; obtaining a quenched sample piece; the time for transferring the solid solution sample piece from the heat treatment furnace into the quenching medium is not more than 10 s;
step five
And under the protective atmosphere or the air atmosphere, putting the quenched sample piece into a heat treatment furnace again for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is as follows: 180 ℃ and 200 ℃, and the aging time is as follows: and 5-30h, and then cooling the sample to room temperature along with furnace cooling or air cooling to obtain a finished product.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge, which comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing raw material powder according to requirements, placing the raw material powder into an atmosphere-protected ball milling tank, then placing the ball milling tank into a corresponding three-dimensional mixer or V-shaped mixer, mixing at the rotating speed of 20-40r/min for 180-720min, and at the ball-material ratio of 4:1-10: 1; the uniformly mixed spare material is obtained. In industrial application, all raw materials are prepared in a powder state; the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy powder is 10-80 mu m, preferably 50-80 mu m, and the sphericity is more than 85 percent; the Si/Ge powder is irregular powder prepared by ball milling, and the particle size is 400nm-5 mu m, preferably 400-800 nm.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge, which comprises the step two of controlling the forming pressure to be 150-. And (5) obtaining a formed blank by adopting a positive demoulding mode after the pressure maintaining is finished. The inner wall of the die-formed part is uniformly coated with a lubricant, preferably zinc stearate.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge, which comprises the following steps of firstly heating to 320 ℃ with a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min under a protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 5-20min, then heating to 650 ℃ with a heating rate of 550 ℃ with a heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90-180min, and loading a pressure of 0.1-20MPa in the heat preservation process; after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 280 ℃ and 320 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5-15 ℃/min, and the temperature is preserved, and then the temperature is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace; obtaining the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge, which comprises the third step of adopting a vacuum atmosphere as a protective atmosphere, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum atmosphere is 1 x 10 < -2 > to 1 x 10 < -4 > Pa.
In the fourth step, for the sample piece with the thickness of less than 10mm, the quenching medium can be water or quenching oil, and the quenching medium of the sample piece with the thickness of more than 10mm is quenching oil;
the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge, when Ge is nano-scale Ge powder;
the Ge powder accounts for 0.5 percent of the total mass of the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy;
after the green compact is obtained through compression molding, the green compact is placed in a sintering furnace under the protective atmosphere, the temperature is firstly increased from room temperature to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 90min, then the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 20min, and finally the green compact is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace to prepare a sintered Ge-containing reinforced powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy sample piece, wherein the tensile strength is 258.67 MPa;
putting the sintered powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy sample piece containing Ge into a heat treatment furnace; under a protective atmosphere; heating to 495 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60min to obtain a sample piece after solution treatment; rapidly quenching the sample piece subjected to solution treatment into a quenching medium at 20 ℃, wherein the quenching medium is quenching oil, and keeping the temperature for 1 min; obtaining a quenched sample piece; the time for transferring the solid solution sample piece from the heat treatment furnace into the quenching medium is not more than 10 s; and under the protective atmosphere or the air atmosphere, putting the quenched sample piece into a heat treatment furnace again for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is as follows: 180 ℃, aging time: and (5) cooling the sample to room temperature along with furnace cooling or air cooling to obtain a Ge-containing reinforced powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy finished product sample piece.
By adopting the process technology designed by the invention, the prepared high-performance aluminum alloy containing Si/Ge has better structural morphology, the Si/Ge elements are uniformly distributed, the mechanical property of the material can be obviously improved, and the method can be suitable for preparing powder metallurgy aluminum alloys containing Si/Ge in various shapes and sizes and can further expand the application range of aluminum alloy materials.
Compared with other existing aluminum alloy preparation technologies, the method has the following advantages:
firstly, the high-performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloy can be prepared by controlling the content of added Si/Ge, the texture structure of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved.
The method has simple process and high operation flexibility, and is suitable for preparing the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy containing Si/Ge in various shapes and sizes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the tensile strength of high performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloys of varying Ge content prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the microstructure of the high performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloy having a Ge content of 0.5 wt% prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the tensile strength of the high performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloys of varying Si content prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The preparation and heat treatment strengthening method of the Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy are further described in the following by combining the attached drawings and the detailed embodiment.
Example 1
Step 1: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing 2A12 aluminum alloy powder and nanoscale Ge powder according to a certain proportion, wherein the average particle size of the 2A12 aluminum alloy powder is 70 microns, the average particle size of the nanoscale Ge powder is 400nm, the content of Ge is 0.25 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.75 wt.%, and 1 wt.%, mixing for 8 hours in a three-dimensional mixer at a rotating speed of 20r/min, and taking out and sealing for later use in a vacuum environment.
Step 2: forming; and (3) paving the composite powder obtained in the step (1) in a mold cavity to be flat, forming a prefabricated blank at 150MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 8s to prepare the prefabricated blank of the aluminum alloy with different Ge contents.
And step 3: and (3) sintering: under the protective atmosphere, the pressed compact is placed in a sintering furnace, the temperature is firstly increased from room temperature to 550 ℃ by adopting the temperature increasing rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 90min, then the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ by adopting the temperature decreasing rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 20min, and finally the pressed compact is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the sintered Ge-containing powder metallurgy 2A12 alloy sample piece is prepared.
Step four: solution treatment: under a protective atmosphere; heating to 495 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60min to obtain a sample piece after solution treatment; rapidly quenching the sample piece subjected to solution treatment into a quenching medium at 20 ℃, wherein the quenching medium is quenching oil, and keeping the temperature for 1 min; obtaining a quenched sample piece; the time for transferring the solid solution sample piece from the heat treatment furnace into the quenching medium is not more than 10 s;
step five: aging treatment: and under the air atmosphere, putting the quenched sample piece into a heat treatment furnace again for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is as follows: 180 ℃, aging time: and (5) cooling the sample to room temperature along with furnace cooling or air cooling to obtain a Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy finished product sample piece.
The performance of the high-performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloy sample containing Ge obtained by the embodiment is measured, the total thickness of the sample is 2mm, the tensile strength is obviously improved, and the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy containing Ge reaches 385.73MPa when the content of Ge is 0.5 wt.%, and is improved by more than 30MPa compared with the alloy without addition.
Example 2
Step 1: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing 2A12 aluminum alloy powder and nanoscale Si powder according to a certain proportion, wherein the average particle size of the 2A12 aluminum alloy powder is 70 microns, the average particle size of the nanoscale Si powder is 600nm, the content of Si is 0.25 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.75 wt.%, and 1 wt.%, mixing for 8 hours in a three-dimensional mixer at a rotating speed of 20r/min, and taking out and sealing for later use in a vacuum environment.
Step 2: forming; and (3) paving the composite powder obtained in the step (1) in a mold cavity to be flat, forming a prefabricated blank at 150MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 8s to prepare the prefabricated blank of the aluminum alloy with different Si contents.
And step 3: and (3) sintering: under the protective atmosphere, the pressed compact is placed in a sintering furnace, the temperature is firstly increased from room temperature to 550 ℃ by adopting the temperature increasing rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 90min, then the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ by adopting the temperature decreasing rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 20min, and finally the pressed compact is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the sintered Si-containing powder metallurgy 2A12 alloy sample piece is prepared.
Step four: solution treatment: under a protective atmosphere; heating to 495 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60min to obtain a sample piece after solution treatment; rapidly quenching the sample piece subjected to solution treatment into a quenching medium at 20 ℃, wherein the quenching medium is quenching oil, and keeping the temperature for 1 min; obtaining a quenched sample piece; the time for transferring the solid solution sample piece from the heat treatment furnace into the quenching medium is not more than 10 s;
step five: aging treatment: and under the air atmosphere, putting the quenched sample piece into a heat treatment furnace again for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is as follows: 180 ℃, aging time: and (5) cooling the sample to room temperature along with the furnace or air cooling to obtain a Si-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy finished product sample piece.
When the performance of the Si-containing powder metallurgy aluminum alloy sample obtained in the embodiment is measured, the total thickness of the sample is 2mm, the tensile strength is obviously improved, and the Si-containing powder metallurgy aluminum alloy reaches 371.46MPa when the Si content is 0.75 wt.%, and is improved by more than 20MPa compared with the Si-free powder metallurgy aluminum alloy.
Example 3
Step 1: the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing 2A12 aluminum alloy powder and nanoscale Si and Ge powder according to a certain proportion, wherein the average particle size of the 2A12 aluminum alloy powder is 70 microns, the average particle size of the nanoscale Ge powder is 400nm, the average particle size of the nanoscale Si powder is 600nm, the content of Si is 0.25 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% and 1 wt.%, and the content of Ge is 0.25 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% and 1 wt.%, mixing for 8 hours in a three-dimensional mixer, rotating the mixer at a speed of 20r/min, and taking out and sealing for later use in a vacuum environment.
Step 2: forming; and (3) paving the composite powder obtained in the step (1) in a mold cavity to be flat, forming a prefabricated blank at 150MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 8s to prepare the prefabricated blank of the aluminum alloy with different Si contents.
And step 3: and (3) sintering: under the protective atmosphere, the pressed compact is placed in a sintering furnace, the temperature is firstly increased from room temperature to 550 ℃ by adopting the temperature increasing rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 90min, then the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ by adopting the temperature decreasing rate of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 20min, and finally the pressed compact is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the sintered powder metallurgy 2A12 alloy sample containing Si and Ge is prepared.
Step four: solution treatment: under a protective atmosphere; heating to 495 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60min to obtain a sample piece after solution treatment; rapidly quenching the sample piece subjected to solution treatment into a quenching medium at 20 ℃, wherein the quenching medium is quenching oil, and keeping the temperature for 1 min; obtaining a quenched sample piece; the time for transferring the solid solution sample piece from the heat treatment furnace into the quenching medium is not more than 10 s;
step five: aging treatment: and under the air atmosphere, putting the quenched sample piece into a heat treatment furnace again for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is as follows: 180 ℃, aging time: and (5) cooling the sample to room temperature along with the furnace or air cooling to obtain a high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy finished product sample piece containing Si and Ge.
When the performance of the high-performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloy sample containing Si and Ge obtained in the embodiment is measured, the total thickness of the sample is 2mm, the tensile strength is obviously improved, and the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy containing Si and Ge reaches 398.79MPa when the Ge content is 0.25 wt.% and the Si content is 0.5 wt.%, and is improved by more than 40MPa compared with the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy without addition. See table 1 for details.
TABLE 1 Properties of the product series obtained in example 3
Comparative example 1
The other conditions were kept the same as in example 1, and the sintered Ge-containing powder metallurgy 2a12 aluminum alloy was not subjected to solution and aging treatment to give a specimen tensile property of 258.26 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The other conditions are kept consistent with those of the example 1, and the Si/Ge-free aluminum-based powder is adopted to replace the Si/Ge-containing aluminum alloy composite powder, so that the tensile property of the obtained sample is 351.85 MPa.
Comparative example 3
The other conditions are consistent with those of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment, the 2A12 aluminum alloy is directly adopted, the sintered Si/Ge-containing powder metallurgy 2A12 aluminum alloy is not subjected to solid solution and aging treatment, and the tensile property of the obtained sample is 232.19 MPa.
Claims (10)
1. A high performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge is characterized in that: the Si/Ge and the intermetallic compound thereof are distributed in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrix; the mass of (Si + Ge) accounts for 0.001-2% of the total mass of the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy.
2. The Si/Ge-containing high performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy of claim 1, wherein: the Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Cu：0.5％-5％；
Mg：1％-4.9％；
Mn：0.02％-1.0％；
al: and (4) the balance.
3. The Si/Ge-containing high performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy of claim 1, wherein: the Si and Ge are pure Si powder and pure Ge powder, and the purity of the Si and Ge powder is more than 99.9 percent.
4. The Si/Ge-containing high performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy of claim 1, wherein: in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, the Ge content was 0.5 wt.%, and the Si content was 0.75 wt.%.
5. A method for preparing the Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one
Selecting Al-Cu-Mg alloy powder and Si/Ge powder according to the designed components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a spare material;
step two
Pressing the standby material into a pressed blank in a pressing mode;
step three
Sintering the pressed compact obtained in the second step under the protective atmosphere to obtain powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge; the sintering temperature is 550-650 ℃.
Step four
Putting the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge obtained in the step three into a heat treatment furnace; under a protective atmosphere or an air atmosphere; heating to 475-; rapidly quenching the sample after solution treatment into a quenching medium at 20-80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0-5 min; obtaining a quenched sample piece; the time for transferring the solid solution sample piece from the heat treatment furnace into the quenching medium is not more than 10 s;
step five
And under the protective atmosphere or the air atmosphere, putting the quenched sample piece into a heat treatment furnace again for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is as follows: 180 ℃ and 200 ℃, and the aging time is as follows: and 5-30h, and then cooling the sample to room temperature along with furnace cooling or air cooling to obtain a finished product.
6. The method for preparing the Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy according to claim 5, wherein the Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy comprises the following steps: all the raw materials are prepared in a powder state; the grain diameter of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy powder is 10-80 mu m, and the sphericity is more than 85 percent; the Si/Ge powder is irregular powder prepared by ball milling, and the particle size is 400nm-5 mu m
Mixing the raw material powder according to the requirements, placing the raw material powder into an atmosphere-protected ball milling tank, then placing the ball milling tank into a corresponding three-dimensional mixer or V-shaped mixer, mixing the raw material powder for 180-720min at the rotating speed of 20-40r/min, and at the ball-material ratio of 5:1-10: 1; the uniformly mixed spare material is obtained.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, the forming pressure is controlled to be 150-400MPa, and the dwell time is controlled to be 5-20 s.
8. The preparation method of the Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the third step, under the protective atmosphere, the temperature is first raised to 280-320 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is preserved for 5-20min, then the temperature is raised to 550-650 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is preserved for 90-180min, and the pressure of 0.1-20MPa is loaded in the heat preservation process; after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 280 ℃ and 320 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5-15 ℃/min, and the temperature is preserved, and then the temperature is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace; obtaining the powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge.
9. The preparation method of the Si/Ge-containing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy according to claim 5, wherein in the third step, the protective atmosphere is a vacuum atmosphere, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum atmosphere is 1 x 10 < -2 > to 1 x 10 < -4 > Pa.
10. The method for preparing high-performance powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing Si/Ge according to claim 5, wherein in the fourth step, for the sample piece with the thickness of less than 10mm, the quenching medium can be water or quenching oil, and for the sample piece with the thickness of more than 10mm, the quenching medium is quenching oil.
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