CN111961845A - Sectional cooling method for high-temperature powdery iron ore reduction calcine - Google Patents
Sectional cooling method for high-temperature powdery iron ore reduction calcine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111961845A CN111961845A CN202010629852.2A CN202010629852A CN111961845A CN 111961845 A CN111961845 A CN 111961845A CN 202010629852 A CN202010629852 A CN 202010629852A CN 111961845 A CN111961845 A CN 111961845A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/26—Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy and mineral processing engineering, and relates to a sectional cooling method for high-temperature powdered iron ore reduction calcine, which adopts different media to cool the high-temperature powdered iron ore reduction calcine in sections; mainly comprises a coal gas cooling section, a nitrogen cooling section, an air cooling section and a water cooling section; cooling the high-temperature section by using coal gas as a fluidizing medium; the middle temperature section adopts nitrogen as a fluidizing medium and has the function of isolating air at the same time, so that the oxygen-free environment in the waste heat boiler is ensured; the high-temperature powdery iron ore reduction calcine exchanges heat with a medium in a boiler pipeline in a fluidized state, and coal gas and nitrogen mainly play a role in fluidization and protective atmosphere; the reduction calcine is in contact with air at low temperature to carry out aerobic cooling; after the reduction calcine is contacted with air, a large amount of reaction heat is released; coal gas and air enter a combustion system for co-combustion after heat exchange and temperature rise, so that the heat consumption of roasting is reduced; cooling the powdery reduction calcine in water after the temperature of the powdery reduction calcine is lower than 250 ℃, pulping and subsequently selecting.
Description
Field of the structure
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy and mineral processing engineering, and relates to a sectional cooling method for high-temperature powdered iron ore reduction calcine.
Background
China has rich complex refractory iron oxide ore resources, the mineral composition is complex, the magnetism is weak, the disseminated granularity is fine, and ideal separation indexes are difficult to obtain by the conventional strong magnetic separation process. If the ore is subjected to reduction magnetization roasting pretreatment and then subjected to magnetic separation, reverse flotation and other processes, better separation indexes can be obtained.
The traditional magnetizing roasting process includes a Anshan-type shaft furnace magnetizing roasting process, a rotary kiln magnetizing roasting process and the like, and the cooling mode generally adopts that reduction roasted sand is directly cooled by water. The method has the advantages that the rapid cooling can be realized under the condition of isolating air in the high-temperature reduction roasting, and the risk of reoxidation caused by the contact of the reduction roasted sand and the air is avoided; the defects are that the ore waste heat can not be recycled, and a large amount of steam and dust are generated during water cooling, thereby causing certain environmental pollution.
In recent years, with the development of the magnetizing roasting technology, iron ore is made into powder, and a fluidized roasting method is gradually applied. The fluidized magnetizing roasting technology has the characteristics of low energy consumption, large treatment capacity, small occupied area, high waste heat utilization rate, capability of treating powder ore and the like. But the non-aqueous direct cooling-waste heat recovery system technology is immature, so that the risk of generating weakly magnetic hematite by oxidation reaction when the reduction calcine is contacted with air at high temperature exists, and the quality of the roasted ore concentrate is seriously influenced. On the contrary, if the calcine is directly cooled by water, the ore waste heat cannot be recovered, the roasting cost is greatly increased, and the overall benefit of the powder ore fluidized roasting process is affected.
Therefore, if the ore waste heat is to be recovered, firstly, the high-temperature reduction calcine is ensured to avoid contacting with air or be directly isolated from air, the ore is cooled to the temperature below the oxidation temperature point (the iron mineral is generally 350 ℃ to 400 ℃) in the protective atmosphere, and the waste heat is exchanged to other media. The existing cooling method is technically infeasible and economically unreasonable, cannot meet market demands, and cannot bring higher economic benefits to enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for cooling high-temperature powdered iron ore reduction calcine in stages, so as to solve the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sectional cooling method for high-temperature powdered iron ore reduction calcine mainly comprises a coal gas cooling section, a nitrogen cooling section, an air cooling section and a water cooling section, and the cooling process comprises the following steps:
reducing and roasting powdered iron ore at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, firstly, conveying fluidized air formed by nitrogen to the interior of a box body of the waste heat boiler through a material sealing valve, and allowing the material to sequentially pass through a coal gas cooling section and a nitrogen gas cooling section in the box body;
coal gas and nitrogen with certain pressure enter the interior of a boiler box body from an air chamber at the bottom of the waste heat boiler through an air cap, and high-temperature powdery reduction calcine moves forwards at low speed in an S-shaped track under the action of the coal gas and the nitrogen and exchanges heat with the coal gas, the nitrogen, media in boiler pipelines and the like;
coal gas and nitrogen are discharged from the top of the boiler box body, enter a combustion system to participate in combustion after cyclone dust removal, and are discharged from the waste heat boiler box body to enter a material sealing device when the temperature of materials is reduced to be lower than 350 ℃;
uniformly feeding the cooled material into an air preheater through nitrogen at the bottom of the material sealing device for air cooling; the material sealing device mainly plays a role in isolating the waste heat boiler box body from the air preheater and prevents different air sources from communicating;
after entering an air preheater, the material is fully contacted with air under certain negative pressure and enters a cyclone separator along the tangential direction;
separating the materials from air under the action of centrifugal force, preheating and raising the temperature of the air in the process, enabling the air to enter a combustion chamber from the top of the separator under negative pressure for supporting combustion, and discharging the materials from the bottom of the separator when the materials are further cooled to below 250 ℃;
discharging the materials from the bottom of the separator, feeding the materials into a water cooling tank, preparing slurry with a certain concentration, and feeding the slurry into a sorting system to finish the whole cooling and waste heat recovery process;
the interior of the waste heat boiler box body is of a fluidized bed structure, the boiler box body is divided into a plurality of cooling chambers by a partition wall consisting of a plurality of bundling pipes, and mediums such as desalted water, saturated steam or superheated steam are introduced into the pipes to exchange heat with high-temperature powder materials to form steam which can be used for waste heat power generation;
an air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the waste heat boiler body, coal gas and nitrogen gas are fed through an air cap connected with the air chamber, hot materials slowly pass through a coal gas cooling section and a nitrogen gas cooling section at a low speed under the fluidization effect of the coal gas and the nitrogen gas, gas-solid-liquid three-phase heat exchange is completed, and the temperature of the materials is reduced;
the top of the waste heat boiler is provided with a dust removal device, preheated coal gas and nitrogen are sucked into a dust remover through negative pressure, and enter a combustion chamber to participate in combustion after dust removal;
the bottom of the air locking valve is provided with a nitrogen air chamber which is used for isolating coal gas of the waste heat boiler from the air preheater to prevent safety risks such as air leakage and the like.
The interior of the air preheater is of a cavity structure, the bottom of the air preheater is communicated with the atmosphere, negative pressure formed by the draught fan sucks air into the preheater to be fully contacted with the cooled calcine, the calcine is further cooled, and partial iron minerals are subjected to micro-oxidation reaction to generate strong-magnetic gamma-Fe2O3Simultaneously, a large amount of reaction heat is released;
the cyclone separator is of a cyclone cylinder structure and is communicated with the upper part of the air preheater, so that preheated air and calcine are fed into the separator from the upper part of the air preheater along the tangential direction, gas-solid separation is realized under the action of centrifugal force, finally the preheated air enters the combustion chamber to participate in combustion, and the cooled calcine enters the water-cooling tank from the cone at the bottom of the separator;
the upper part of the water cooling tank is communicated with a discharge hole at the bottom of the cyclone separator, when materials enter the tank body, water is supplemented from the outside to realize water cooling and prepare slurry with certain concentration, and the slurry is sent to subsequent sorting by a pump, so that the whole cooling and waste heat recovery process is completed.
Advantageous effects
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the traditional water cooling mode is replaced, different gas media are adopted to carry out fluidized cooling in multiple sections, and the latent heat of the ore is fully utilized;
2) the high-temperature section adopts protective gases such as coal gas, nitrogen and the like to form an oxygen-free environment, so that the iron minerals can be prevented from generating peroxidation reaction to generate weak magnetic iron minerals;
3) the iron minerals which are not fully reduced can continue to react in the reducing atmosphere, so that the magnetic conversion rate of the iron minerals can be improved;
4) the coal gas and the air are preheated and enter the main combustion chamber for co-combustion, so that the heat consumption of a roasting system can be reduced; 5) under the condition of low temperature, the reduction calcine can contact with air to generate micro-oxidation reaction to generate strong magnetic gamma-Fe2O3The coercive force and the magnetic agglomeration phenomenon of the magnetic material are smaller than those of the conventional water-cooled magnetite, so that the subsequent sorting is facilitated;
6) the heat released by the micro-oxidation reaction can be fully utilized, and the heat consumption of roasting is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the staged cooling method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of the staged cooling method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in the flow charts of fig. 1 and 2: description of the cooling system process structure: the waste heat boiler is of an L-shaped structure and can be divided into two parts, wherein one part is a vertical moving bed and is sequentially divided into an evaporator I, a high-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater and an evaporator II from top to bottom; one part is a horizontal fluidized bed, a plurality of groups of partition walls which are vertically staggered and are composed of boiler bundling pipes are vertically arranged in the horizontal fluidized bed, and the horizontal fluidized bed is sequentially divided into an evaporator III, medium-pressure economizers I and II and a low-pressure economizer chamber;
two gas air chambers are arranged at the bottom of the front end of the waste heat boiler, and are introduced into an evaporator III and medium-pressure economizer I and II chambers through a hood, and a nitrogen air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the tail end of the waste heat boiler and is introduced into a low-pressure economizer area through the hood; cyclone dust collectors are arranged at the tops of the vertical moving bed and the fluidized bed, coal gas and nitrogen can enter the dust collectors from air pipes, and the upper parts of the dust collectors are communicated with a main combustion chamber of the suspension furnace;
the discharge port of the waste heat boiler is communicated with the air locking valve, the bottom of the air locking valve is provided with a nitrogen air chamber, materials enter the air locking valve to form a material seal with the height of 1m, coal gas in the waste heat boiler is prevented from entering the next working procedure, and air is prevented from reversely flowing into the boiler to cause safety risks;
the outlet of the air locking valve is communicated with the inlet of the air preheater, the bottom of the air preheater is communicated with the atmosphere, the top of the air preheater is communicated with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the top of the cyclone separator is communicated with the main combustion chamber of the suspension roasting furnace, the bottom of the cyclone separator is communicated with the slurry making stirring tank, and the upper part of the stirring tank is provided with a water replenishing pipeline and a dust removing pipeline;
the cooling system process is described as follows: after 50-70% of powdered iron oxide ore with the granularity of-0.074 mu m is subjected to suspension magnetizing roasting, the temperature is about 530-580 ℃, and the powdered iron oxide ore is fed into a feeding port at the top of a vertical moving bed of a cooling waste heat boiler through an air locking valve under the fluidization action of nitrogen;
the high-temperature reduction calcine sequentially passes through an evaporator I, a high-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater and an evaporator II in the vertical moving bed under the action of gravity, exchanges heat with a medium in a boiler pipeline, can produce 28t/h low-pressure steam (240 ℃ and 1.8MPa) and sends the low-pressure steam into a steam generator set to generate power, and meanwhile, the calcine temperature is reduced to about 350 ℃;
after the reduction calcine enters a horizontal fluidized bed, the reduction calcine slowly moves to a discharge end at a speed of 0.1-0.2 m/s under the action of bottom mixed gas (the high, coke and converter gas are mixed in different proportions), and sequentially passes through an evaporator III and medium-pressure economizers I and II; after entering a low-pressure economizer area, discharging the fluidized bed from a discharge hole under the action of nitrogen, and further reducing the calcine temperature to about 300 ℃; in the process, the thermal state material mainly exchanges heat with a medium (water or steam) in the pipe wall, and the coal gas and the nitrogen only take away a small amount of heat, so that the fluidization effect is mainly realized, the reduction environment (oxygen-free environment) is ensured, and different gas sources are isolated;
the cooled material is discharged from a discharge port of a low-pressure economizer chamber of the waste heat boiler and enters an air locking valve, and the material enters an air preheater under the action of nitrogen at the bottom of the air locking valve;
under the negative pressure condition of about-500 Pa to 1000Pa, air is sucked from the bottom of the preheater and moves upwards after being mixed with the material discharged by the air locking valve, the air is fed into a cyclone separator along the tangential direction at the top of the preheater for gas-solid separation, the air enters a main combustion chamber from the top of the separator for combustion supporting, and the cooled material is discharged from the lower part of a separator cone to a pulping stirring tank for water-cooling pulping;
in the air cooling process, the temperature of the ore is further reduced to be below 250 ℃, micro-oxidation reaction is carried out to generate strong magnetic gamma-Fe 2O3, a certain amount of reaction heat is released, and the air is preheated and enters a combustion chamber to support combustion;
and adding water into the slurrying stirring tank and reducing the calcine at low temperature to form ore slurry with the concentration of about 30%, and conveying the ore slurry to subsequent weak magnetic separation by a pump.
Therefore, after the materials are cooled in multiple sections, most of waste heat is exchanged into desalted water to form steam for power generation, the whole cooling and waste heat recovery process is completed, coal gas and combustion air are preheated, and waste heat utilization efficiency is improved; and part of iron minerals are subjected to micro-oxidation reaction to generate strong magnetic gamma-Fe 2O3, so that subsequent sorting and tailing discarding are facilitated, the index of the concentrate is improved, part of reaction heat is released, and the reduction of the energy consumption of the system is facilitated.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Claims (7)
1. A sectional cooling method for high-temperature powdered iron ore reduction calcine mainly comprises a coal gas cooling section, a nitrogen cooling section, an air cooling section and a water cooling section, and the cooling process comprises the following steps:
s1, reducing and roasting the powdered iron ore at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, firstly, conveying the powdered iron ore from the reducing furnace to the inside of a box body of the waste heat boiler by fluidized air formed by nitrogen, and enabling the material to pass through a coal gas cooling section and a nitrogen gas cooling section in the box body in sequence;
s2, the coal gas and nitrogen with certain pressure enter the boiler box body from the bottom wind chamber of the waste heat boiler through a hood, the high-temperature powdery reduction calcine moves forwards at low speed in an S-shaped track under the action of the coal gas and the nitrogen, and exchanges heat with the coal gas, the nitrogen, media in boiler pipelines and the like;
s3, discharging coal gas and nitrogen from the top of the boiler box under negative pressure, performing cyclone dust removal, allowing the coal gas and the nitrogen to enter a combustion system for combustion, and discharging the coal gas and the nitrogen from the waste heat boiler box when the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 350 ℃ and allowing the coal gas and the nitrogen to enter a material sealing device;
s4, uniformly feeding the cooled material into an air preheater through nitrogen at the bottom of the material sealing device for air cooling; the material sealing device mainly plays a role in isolating the waste heat boiler box body from the air preheater and prevents different air sources from communicating;
s5, the material enters an air preheater, fully contacts with air under certain negative pressure and enters a cyclone separator along the tangential direction;
s6, separating the material from the air under the action of centrifugal force, preheating and heating the air in the process, entering a combustion chamber from the top of the separator under negative pressure for supporting combustion, and further cooling the material to below 250 ℃ and discharging the material from the bottom of the separator;
and S7, discharging the materials from the bottom of the separator, feeding the materials into a water cooling tank, preparing slurry with a certain concentration, and feeding the slurry into a sorting system to finish the whole cooling and waste heat recovery process.
2. The method for cooling the reduced calcine of the high-temperature powdered iron ore in a staged manner according to claim 1, wherein: the waste heat boiler is characterized in that the boiler box body is divided into a plurality of cooling chambers by partition walls formed by a plurality of bundling pipes in the waste heat boiler box body, and mediums such as desalted water, saturated steam or superheated steam are introduced into the bundling pipes and form steam after heat exchange with high-temperature powder materials, so that waste heat power generation can be performed.
3. The method for sectionally cooling the high-temperature powdery reducing calcine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coal gas is cheap blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, converter gas or mixed gas of three kinds of coal gas in different proportions.
4. The method for sectionally cooling the high-temperature powdery reducing calcine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the interior of the waste heat boiler box body is a reduction environment, and the insufficiently reduced ores can be further reduced.
5. The method for sectionally cooling the high-temperature powdery reducing calcine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the material entering the air preheater and contacting with air is less than 350 ℃.
6. The method for sectionally cooling the high-temperature powdery reducing calcine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material can not be over oxidized in the air cooling section to generate alpha-Fe with weak magnetism2O3Only part of the iron minerals are subjected to micro-oxidation reaction to generate ferromagnetic gamma-Fe2O3And releases a large amount of reaction heat to be utilized by the system.
7. The method for sectionally cooling the high-temperature powdery reducing calcine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coal gas and the air are preheated and heated and then participate in combustion, so that the heat consumption in the roasting process can be reduced, and the waste heat utilization efficiency is improved.
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| CN114395697A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-26 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Method for reducing carbon emission in reduction dezincification process |
| CN115287452A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-04 | 上海逢石科技有限公司 | Auxiliary cooling process for reducing calcine of high-temperature powdery iron ore |
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Application publication date: 20201120 |