CN111961429B - Preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive - Google Patents
Preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive Download PDFInfo
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- CN111961429B CN111961429B CN202010648530.2A CN202010648530A CN111961429B CN 111961429 B CN111961429 B CN 111961429B CN 202010648530 A CN202010648530 A CN 202010648530A CN 111961429 B CN111961429 B CN 111961429B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C09J161/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C09J161/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/28—Chemically modified polycondensates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive, which takes phenol, eucalyptus bark powder, formaldehyde, alkali and water as raw materials, the formaldehyde is added in two batches, the alkali is added in two batches, the phenol, the eucalyptus bark powder and the first batch of formaldehyde are subjected to ball milling treatment, and then the rest raw materials are sequentially added, so that the phenol, the eucalyptus bark powder and the formaldehyde are condensed and polymerized into the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin adhesive. The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, good stability, short synthesis time and small equipment loss, can reduce the cost of the adhesive, and the prepared eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive has high initial adhesion strength, good prepressing performance and high bonding strength, can be used as glue for plywood and boards after modulation, and can reduce the addition of flour.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood processing and adhesives, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive.
Background
The eucalyptus is one of important artificial forest tree species in south China due to high growth speed and high economic value, the eucalyptus can be harvested in 3-5 years, and the current eucalyptus planting area in China is about 460 ten thousand hm280% of the total nutrient is distributed in coastal provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Fujian. At present, the planting area of Guangxi eucalyptus reaches 187 ten thousand hm2Above, the timber harvesting amount is 3780 ten thousand meters3First living in the country, wherein the eucalyptus size is 2705 ten thousand meters3Account for the total amount of wood70% of the total. The eucalyptus bark is the remainder of eucalyptus processing, accounting for about 10% of the eucalyptus wood, and is 270 ten thousand m per year in Guangxi province only3. Most of the eucalyptus bark is used as fuel, and a part of the eucalyptus bark cannot be effectively utilized and causes environmental pollution to different degrees. Eucalyptus bark contains about 70% of insoluble substances, and its main components are cellulose and lignin, and the extract contains tannin, alkaloid, lipid, etc. The bark powder is used for partially replacing phenol to prepare the phenolic resin wood adhesive, so that the cost of the phenolic resin can be reduced, and a better way can be provided for the efficient utilization of eucalyptus bark.
The phenolic adhesive has good mechanical property, has the advantages of acid resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance and stable chemical property, and is the second large wood adhesive except urea-formaldehyde resin. However, phenolic resins have obvious disadvantages, such as high price of raw phenol, high brittleness of the cured resin, and the like, which limit the application, and thus the modification of phenolic resins is mainly directed to cost reduction and performance improvement.
At present, bark powder modified phenolic resin mainly comprises the following processes, one is to liquefy the bark by taking acid as a catalyst; one is a method of degrading bark powder with alkali for utilization. The above method, which utilizes bark, has disadvantages of long reaction time, large consumption of equipment for reaction, and short storage period in the process of preparing the adhesive. For example, patent CN101870856 discloses a bark powder phenolic resin adhesive and a preparation method thereof, in the method, a calcium sulfite alkaline catalytic system is used for activating bark powder at 120-140 ℃ for 2.5-3.5 h, and then formaldehyde is added for polycondensation reaction to prepare the bark powder modified phenolic resin adhesive, and the adhesive can be used for manufacturing plywood. The method needs longer time, high temperature, needs to be carried out under the condition of pressurization, and has high requirements on equipment.
Patent CN1088243 discloses a method for preparing adhesive from needle leaf whole bark, which comprises treating masson pine and fir bark with sodium hydroxide, and adding aldehydes (including formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde or furfural) to obtain resin. The adhesive synthesized by the process needs to be blended with common phenolic resin, and the storage period of the adhesive is only about 4 days.
Patent CN1786099 discloses an adhesive for preparing artificial boards by using barks and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method is a typical method for liquefying bark powder in an acid environment, the temperature is 110-150 ℃, and the liquefying time is 1-4 h. Because a high-temperature means is also needed in an acid environment, the method has higher requirements on experimental equipment, and the produced equipment can be accelerated to age due to the characteristics of the equipment.
Patent CN101693380 discloses a method for producing straw particle board using bark powder modified phenolic resin as adhesive, which comprises adding phenol and bark powder into inorganic acid (including concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid) as catalyst for liquefaction, and then treating the liquefied product with alkali (including sodium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide). The method is a process of first acid and then alkali, so that the required alkali amount is large, the acid treatment time is 1.5-3 hours, and the time for synthesizing the adhesive is additionally increased.
At present, no report of modifying phenolic resin wood adhesive by taking eucalyptus bark as raw material is found. The eucalyptus bark is large in quantity and is not fully utilized, if the part can be used for replacing phenol to prepare the modified phenolic resin wood adhesive, the environmental problem caused by the accumulation of a large amount of eucalyptus bark can be solved, a new value-added way can be found for the eucalyptus bark, and waste materials are changed into things of value. Aiming at the existing modified phenolic resin wood adhesive, the invention provides a preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive, which has the advantages of short preparation time, low production cost and high adhesive bonding strength of the adhesive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive, which takes phenol, eucalyptus bark powder, formaldehyde, alkali and water as raw materials, the formaldehyde is added in two batches, the alkali is added in two batches, the phenol, the eucalyptus bark powder and the first batch of formaldehyde are subjected to ball milling treatment, and then the rest raw materials are sequentially added, so that the phenol, the eucalyptus bark powder and the formaldehyde are condensed and polymerized into the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin adhesive.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding phenol, eucalyptus bark powder and a first batch of formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 80-120min, and then adding water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding a first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 90-95 ℃, and reacting for 40-50 min;
(3) adding a second batch of formaldehyde, uniformly stirring, then adding a second batch of alkali, reacting for 50-60min at 88-92 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive;
the mass portion ratio of each material is as follows:
preferably, the formaldehyde is an industrial formaldehyde aqueous solution with the concentration of 37%, the alkali is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 40%, the fineness of the eucalyptus bark powder is 40-80 meshes, and the water content is 7-10%.
Further, the performance test is carried out on the prepared eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive, the viscosity of the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive is 950-1200mPa & s, the solid content is 48-51%, and the bonding strength is more than 1.45 MPa.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the eucalyptus bark mainly comprises cellulose and lignin, and also comprises a certain amount of tannin substances (the total phenol content is about 40mg/g and the condensed tannin content is about 14mg/g when the eucalyptus bark is soaked by water at 100 ℃), when the eucalyptus bark and phenol and formaldehyde are subjected to ball milling together, as the phenol and the formaldehyde have certain acidity, except the change of physical form, part of the phenol and the formaldehyde can undergo chemical reaction, and the cellulose can undergo hydrolysis reaction to a certain degree mainly under the acidic condition. After the eucalyptus bark is ball-milled, the cellulose crystal structure in the eucalyptus bark is damaged to different degrees, so that the reaction capability of the eucalyptus bark is enhanced, and a small amount of cellulose and degraded cellulose can react with phenol and formaldehyde to form phenolic resin under the alkaline condition and the presence of formaldehyde. A possible reaction of cellulose with phenol and formaldehyde to form phenolic resin is shown in figure 1.
In addition, the agglomeration structure of lignin after the eucalyptus bark is treated by phenol is damaged to different degrees, the reaction activity is enhanced, and a small amount of lignin can react with phenol and formaldehyde to form phenolic resin under the alkaline condition. A possible reaction of lignin with phenol and formaldehyde to form phenolic resin is shown in figure 2.
It should be noted that most of the cellulose and lignin are not in the molecular structure of the phenolic resin, and the cellulose and lignin exist in the adhesive in the form of particles, which play a role in filling the adhesive, form a bonding structure when the adhesive is cured, can reduce the shrinkage rate of the adhesive, and have good affinity with wood, and have a favorable effect on the bonding strength.
More importantly, the eucalyptus bark contains a certain amount of tannin, including hydrolyzed tannin and condensed tannin, and the tannin belongs to the polyphenols, whether the hydrolyzed tannin or the condensed tannin, contains phenolic hydroxyl in the molecular structure, so that the tannin can react with phenol and formaldehyde under the alkaline condition to form the tannin modified phenolic resin. The hydrolyzed tannin can also participate in the synthesis reaction of the phenolic resin, so that the tannin part can be used for replacing phenol to synthesize the phenolic resin adhesive. A possible structure of the condensed tannin modified phenolic resin is shown in figure 3.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a reaction scheme of cellulose with phenol and formaldehyde to form a phenolic resin; FIG. 2 is a reaction scheme of lignin with phenol and formaldehyde to form a phenolic resin; FIG. 3 shows the structure of a condensed tannin-modified phenolic resin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method has the advantages of simple preparation process, good stability, capability of reducing the cost of the adhesive, simple, quick and feasible quality control method, short synthesis time, low equipment loss, good bonding performance of the obtained adhesive, low production cost and suitability for large-scale application.
(2) The eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive prepared by the invention has stable quality, obviously reduces the content of free phenol and free formaldehyde, and is environment-friendly and safe.
(3) When the adhesive obtained by the invention is prepared into glue for plywood, the addition of flour can be reduced; the eucalyptus three-layer plywood is high in bonding strength without adding a curing agent, and the bonding strength of the pressed eucalyptus three-layer plywood is more than 1.47 MPa.
(4) Compared with the common phenolic resin, the curing speed of the adhesive obtained by the invention is higher.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
The raw material requirements are as follows:
the formaldehyde is 37% industrial formaldehyde aqueous solution, the alkali is 40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the eucalyptus bark powder has fineness of 40-80 mesh and water content of 7-10%.
Example 1
A preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 600kg of phenol, 240kg of eucalyptus bark powder and 1050kg of first-batch formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 100min, and then adding 545kg of water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding 350kg of first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 93 ℃, and reacting for 45 min;
(3) adding 310kg of second batch of formaldehyde, stirring uniformly, then adding 70kg of second batch of alkali, reacting for 55min at 90 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive.
Example 2
A preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 600kg of phenol, 280kg of eucalyptus bark powder and 1150kg of first formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 110min, and then adding 585kg of water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding 380kg of first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 94 ℃, and reacting for 42 min;
(3) adding 330kg of formaldehyde of the second batch, uniformly stirring, then adding 75kg of alkali of the second batch, reacting for 53min at 91 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive.
Example 3
A preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 600kg of phenol, 200kg of eucalyptus bark powder and 950kg of first formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 90min, and then adding 500kg of water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding 330kg of first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 92 ℃, and reacting for 47 min;
(3) adding 290kg of formaldehyde of the second batch, uniformly stirring, then adding 65kg of alkali of the second batch, reacting for 57min at 89 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive.
Example 4
A preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 600kg of phenol, 300kg of eucalyptus bark powder and 1200kg of first formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 120min, and then adding 610kg of water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding 400kg of first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 90 ℃, and reacting for 50 min;
(3) 353kg of second batch of formaldehyde is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, then 80kg of second batch of alkali is added, the mixture reacts for 60min at 88 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, and the material is discharged, so that the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive is obtained.
Example 5
A preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 600kg of phenol, 180kg of eucalyptus bark powder and 900kg of first formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 80min, and then adding 480kg of water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding 300kg of first batch alkali while stirring, heating to 95 ℃, and reacting for 40 min;
(3) adding 265kg of second batch of formaldehyde, stirring uniformly, then adding 60kg of second batch of alkali, reacting for 50min at 92 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a phenolic resin wood adhesive comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 600kg of phenol and 1050kg of first batch of formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 100min, and then adding 545kg of water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding 350kg of first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 93 ℃, and reacting for 45 min;
(3) adding 310kg of second batch of formaldehyde, stirring uniformly, then adding 70kg of second batch of alkali, reacting for 55min at 90 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the phenolic resin wood adhesive.
Performance testing
The eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesives prepared in examples 1-5 were tested for performance and compared to the phenolic resin wood adhesive prepared in comparative example 1.
Color: the method is carried out according to 3.1 in GB/T17074 and 2017.
Viscosity: the method is carried out according to 3.3 in GB/T17074 and 2017.
Solid content: the method is carried out according to 3.5 in GB/T17074 and 2017.
Free phenol content: the method is carried out according to 3.13 in GB/T17074 and 2017.
Bonding strength: 20% of flour is added into the ordinary phenolic resin adhesive prepared in the comparative example 1 to prepare an adhesive for comparison; the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive prepared in the examples 1 to 5 is added with 8% of flour to prepare an adhesive, a eucalyptus veneer (dried in advance until the water content is below 10%) with the thickness of 2.0mm is selected, and the crisscross principle is adopted, wherein the glue application amount is 330g/m2Hot pressing at 140 deg.c and 10-12MPa for 8min to form three-layer plywood of 400X 400 mm. Cutting 12 samples (A type 100 multiplied by 25mm) according to the specification of 4.17 in GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test method for artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, and adopting boiling-drying-boiling: soaking in boiling water for 4h, drying in a forced air drying oven at (60 + -3) deg.C for 18h, soaking in boiling water for 4h, standing in cold water at a temperature below 30 deg.C for 2 hr, taking out, drying with filter paper, testing the bonding strength in a tensile testing machine, and taking the average of 12 samples to obtain the bonding strength.
The results of the performance tests are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results for Eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive prepared by the method has the initial viscosity far higher than that of a common phenolic resin adhesive; the solid content is higher than that of the common phenolic resin adhesive, and the quality is stable; the content of free phenol and free formaldehyde is obviously reduced; the prepared glue can be used as plywood and glue for boards, the bonding strength is high, and the bonding strength of the pressed eucalyptus three-layer plywood is more than 1.47MPa and is more than 8.8 percent higher than that of a common phenolic resin adhesive; when the adhesive is used as a glue for plywood, less flour needs to be added, and the addition amount of the flour can be reduced.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding phenol, eucalyptus bark powder and a first batch of formaldehyde into a ball milling tank, carrying out ball milling for 80-120min, and then adding water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) transferring the mixed material into a reaction kettle, adding a first batch of alkali while stirring, heating to 90-95 ℃, and reacting for 40-50 min;
(3) adding a second batch of formaldehyde, uniformly stirring, then adding a second batch of alkali, reacting for 50-60min at 88-92 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive;
the mass portion ratio of each material is as follows:
2. the method for preparing the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the eucalyptus bark powder modified phenolic resin wood adhesive has a viscosity of 950-1200 mPa-s, a solid content of 48-51%, and a bonding strength of 1.45mPa or higher.
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