CN111960701B - Full-scale utilization method for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activated red mud - Google Patents
Full-scale utilization method for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activated red mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN111960701B CN111960701B CN202010694246.9A CN202010694246A CN111960701B CN 111960701 B CN111960701 B CN 111960701B CN 202010694246 A CN202010694246 A CN 202010694246A CN 111960701 B CN111960701 B CN 111960701B
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CQBLUJRVOKGWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[AlH3] Chemical compound [O].[AlH3] CQBLUJRVOKGWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 meanwhile Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052662 nosean Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical group [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 4
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052969 tetrahedrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001520913 Phyllostachys edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003570 Phyllostachys pubescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/005—Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/08—Ferroso-ferric oxide [Fe3O4]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-scale utilization method of red mud for synchronous activation of reduction roasting separation recovery iron and silicon-aluminum, belonging to the field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization. Drying the red mud, grinding the dried red mud into powder, adding a carbon-based reducing agent, reducing and roasting, wherein ferric oxide in the red mud is reduced into ferroferric oxide, ferrous oxide and an iron simple substance, and meanwhile, silicon-aluminum elements in the red mud are activated; mixing the reduction roasting intermediate product with water, performing magnetic separation by using a magnetic separator to obtain an iron concentrate product, and filtering the magnetic separation suspension to obtain magnetic separation residues; mixing the magnetic separation residue with fly ash, adding sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or water glass, and adding water to obtain a clean slurry; and pouring the clean slurry into a mold, heating and curing under a sealed condition, taking out the mold, demolding, and performing standard curing to obtain the geopolymer. The invention realizes the resource recovery and full-scale utilization of the red mud, and has the characteristics of high utilization rate of solid waste, good mechanical property of products and low production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating silicon and aluminum.
Background
According to the statistics of the international alumina society, the alumina yield of China is in blowout type growth in nearly 10 years, and the annual alumina yield is increased from 851 ten thousand tons in 2005 to 5897 ten thousand tons in 2015. It is not fully estimated that on average 1t of alumina is produced, 1-1.5t of red mud. In recent years, the annual discharge amount of the red mud in China exceeds 5000 million tons, the accumulated stacking amount of the red mud exceeds 3 hundred million tons, and the red mud is classified as a large amount of industrial solid waste. At present, the treatment and disposal of red mud are a worldwide problem, the comprehensive utilization rate of the red mud in China is only about 5%, and most of the red mud is still disposed in a stockpiling mode except for the application of a small part of the red mud as a flocculating agent, an adsorbent, building material production and the like. The construction and maintenance cost of the red mud disposal site is high, a large amount of land is occupied, the environment is seriously polluted, various adverse effects on the production and the life of human beings are caused, the harm of the red mud is reduced to the maximum extent, and the realization of multi-channel and large-scale resource utilization of the red mud is imperative. The fly ash is the main solid waste discharged by coal-fired power plants and contains a large amount of SiO2、Al2O3And particles with volcanic ash activity, such as vitreous body, and the like, have potential chemical activity. Worldwide, the yield of the fly ash is hundreds of millions of tons every year, and the reasonable utilization of the fly ash has very important environmental benefits. The current alumina production process comprises three methods, namely a Bayer method, a sintering method and a combination method. Bayer process red mud accounts for more than 90% of the global red mud production. The general iron content of the Bayer process red mud is about 10-45%, and the iron is discharged together with the red mud, so that the environment is polluted, and the iron resource is greatly wasted. At present, researches on comprehensive utilization of Bayer process red mud are widely concerned by scholars, and certain scientific and practical achievements are achieved. The geopolymer is an alkali-activated cementing material, the synthesis of which needs the participation of an alkali activator and an aluminosilicate raw material, and the Bayer process red mud is a low-activity aluminosilicate raw material and has the condition for preparing the geopolymer after being activated.
In recent years, a large number of patents for preparing geopolymer from red mud have emerged at home and abroad, but few patents for preparing geopolymer from residues separated after iron is recovered from red mud are available, and the influence rule of iron on the performance of geopolymer is not clear. The invention patent of geopolymer cementing material and the preparation method thereof (publication No. CN104150792A) does not realize the synchronous activation of red mud although the iron extraction treatment is carried out on the red mud. And the mass ratio of the red mud to the metakaolin is only 1: 4, a large amount of metakaolin is added, so that the manufacturing cost is increased. The invention discloses a method for preparing a cementing material by deeply reducing red mud to extract iron and secondary tailings (publication number CN103397128A), which utilizes industrial fuel coke or bituminous coal as a reducing agent to roast and reduce the red mud for recovering the red mud iron, wherein the mixing amount of the reducing agent is up to 10-30%; the tailings are activated by cement and other raw materials to prepare the cementing material through a hydration process, the doping amount of the red mud is only 10-20%, the Si-Al-alkali raw materials rich in the red mud are not fully utilized, and the use of a large amount of cement increases the production cost. The invention discloses a red mud geopolymer self-leveling mortar for backfilling mines (publication No. CN201711057211.9), which is prepared from red mud, slag and tailing sand, wherein the mixing amount of the red mud is less than 20%, the alkalinity and the filling effect are mainly provided for the manufacture of the mortar, and most of the red mud does not participate in the reaction of silicon and aluminum of geopolymer. There are different findings from the prior studies on the influence of iron-containing raw materials on the properties of geopolymers: john's research has suggested that high iron materials are not suitable for preparing geopolymers; the previous experiments of the phyllostachys pubescens show that iron oxide phases are mainly formed in geopolymers in the red mud, a small amount of Fe element can enter silicon-aluminum-oxygen tetrahedrons to replace partial Si and Al, and no obvious adverse effect on the performance of the geopolymers is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that iron and silicon-aluminum raw materials in the red mud are not fully utilized, the synchronous activation of the red mud is not realized, the red mud does not participate in the silicon-aluminum reaction of the geopolymer, and the mixing amount of the red mud is small in the prior art. The method synchronously activates silicon and aluminum when reducing red mud to extract iron, and prepares geopolymer by utilizing magnetic separation residues and fly ash, compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of low roasting temperature and short time; the reducing agent adopts a small amount of carbon-based raw materials, the geopolymer preparation adopts red mud and fly ash as main raw materials, a large amount of red mud is consumed, and the purposes of reducing the production cost and treating wastes with wastes are achieved.
According to the purpose of the invention, the full-scale utilization method of the red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating silicon and aluminum is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the red mud, grinding the dried red mud into powder, sieving the powder, adding a carbon-based reducing agent, and then carrying out reduction roasting to obtain a reduction roasting intermediate product; in the reduction roasting process, ferric oxide in the red mud is reduced into ferroferric oxide, meanwhile, silicon-aluminum elements in the red mud are activated, and noselite is converted into nepheline and an amorphous phase;
(2) mixing the reduction roasting intermediate product obtained in the step (1) with water, and then carrying out magnetic separation by adopting a magnetic separator; the ferroferric oxide is enriched in the magnetic separation tube to realize separation and recovery, so that an iron concentrate product is obtained, and the magnetic separation suspension is filtered to obtain magnetic separation residues;
(3) mixing the magnetic separation residue obtained in the step (2) with fly ash, adding sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or water glass to form an alkaline environment, and then adding water to obtain a pure slurry; the nepheline and amorphous phase in the net slurry form silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron structural units under an alkaline environment;
(4) and (4) pouring the clean slurry obtained in the step (3) into a mold, heating and curing under a sealed condition, taking out the mold, demolding, and curing again to enable the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron structural units to form an inorganic polymer with a three-dimensional network structure, namely the geopolymer.
Preferably, the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 800-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 0.5-1.5 h.
Preferably, the mass of the carbon-based reducing agent in the step (1) is 2-7.5wt% of the mass of the red mud.
Preferably, the carbon-based reducing agent in the step (1) is coal powder or biomass, wherein the mass of carbon element accounts for 40-98%.
Preferably, the current for the magnetic separation in the step (2) is 0.5-1.5A.
Preferably, the mass percent of the iron element in the magnetic separation residue in the step (2) is 13.50-18.38%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the magnetic separation residue to the fly ash in the step (3) is 1 (1-3); the ratio of the amount of the alkali metal atoms to the amount of the silicon atoms in the slurry is 0.19 to 0.33, and the ratio of the amount of the silicon atoms to the amount of the aluminum atoms in the slurry is 2.01 to 2.11.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the water added in the step (3) to the mass of the magnetic separation residue and the fly ash is 0.35-0.45.
Preferably, the mesh number of the screen in the step (1) is 30-50 meshes.
Preferably, the heating and curing temperature in the step (3) is 60-80 ℃, and the heating and curing time is 48-72 hours; the temperature of the secondary curing is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity of the secondary curing is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the time of the secondary curing is 14-28 days.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) the invention recovers the iron in the red mud to obtain the refined iron ore product, and along with the increase of the recovery rate of the iron, various iron phases are greatly reduced, and the iron phase embedded in the silicon-aluminum structure occupying the alkaline activator is also partially activated and recovered, so that the dissolution rate of the silicon-aluminum in the residue can be effectively improved, the residue containing more active silicon-aluminum is more suitable for preparing geopolymer, the geopolymer product with better performance can be prepared, and the zero discharge and full utilization in the resource utilization process of the red mud are realized.
(2) In the invention, the hematite is reduced at high temperature in the reduction roasting process, the high temperature also has the function of activating silicon and aluminum in the red mud, the proportion of the active silicon and aluminum in the red mud is greatly increased, the proportion of the red mud and the fly ash can reach 1:1, and the activated red mud participates in geopolymer reaction and is not simply used as an inert filler.
(3) In the reducing roasting process, less reducing agent is added, preferably, the carbon-based reducing agent accounts for 2-7.5wt% of the red mud, and the mixing amount of the reducing agent is less than 10%, so that the reducing agent better meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection; the red mud has larger mixing amount and higher silicon-aluminum activity, and is more suitable for participating in geopolymer reaction; and the roasting temperature is lower, the time is short, and the method has the characteristics of low cost and low energy consumption.
(4) According to the invention, the mass percent of iron in the magnetic separation residue is preferably 13.50-18.38%, the dissolution rate of active silicon-aluminum in the red mud is improved by a small amount of iron, and the prepared geopolymer has high strength.
(5) In the present invention, the ratio of the amount of the alkali metal atoms to the amount of the silicon atoms in the neat paste is preferably 0.19 to 0.33, and the ratio of the amount of the silicon atoms to the amount of the aluminum atoms in the neat paste is preferably 2.01 to 2.11, which is optimized to meet the range of the optimum molding conditions of the geopolymer.
(6) The invention adopts two solid wastes of red mud and fly ash as main raw materials, can consume a large amount of industrial wastes, brings economic benefits and is beneficial to environmental protection.
(7) The invention realizes the resource recovery and full-scale utilization of the red mud, and the iron recovery process can effectively reduce the iron content in the red mud to obtain the fine iron ore; the roasting pretreatment can increase the silicon-aluminum dissolution rate of the magnetic separation residue to obtain refined iron ore and geopolymer with better mechanical property, the highest strength reaches 43.35Mpa, and the compressive strength reaches the index requirement of 'first-class' or 'superior' in JC/T446-2000 standard of the pavement brick. The invention has the characteristics of high utilization rate of solid wastes, better mechanical property of products and low production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an experimental flow chart of the method.
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are XRD patterns of crude red mud, red mud residue and cured 28d red mud residue-fly ash geopolymer, respectively.
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are SEM images of red mud residue, cured 3d red mud residue-fly ash geopolymer and cured 28d red mud residue-fly ash geopolymer, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating, which comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud reduction roasting and aluminum silicon synchronous activation: drying the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through a sieve with the aperture of 30-50 meshes, adding a carbonaceous reducing agent with the carbon content of 2-7.5wt%, carrying out reduction roasting at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃, wherein the reduction roasting time is 0.5-1.5 hours, taking out the red mud, cooling the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through the sieve with the aperture of 30-50 meshes, and obtaining a reduction roasting intermediate product;
(2) separating iron ore concentrate and alkali-rich silicon-aluminum residues: carrying out magnetic separation in a wet magnetic separation tube; after the magnetic separation is finished, collecting the enriched magnetic concentrate from a magnetic separation pipe, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain fine iron ore, and filtering, grinding and sieving the magnetic separation residue from the magnetic separation suspension to obtain magnetic separation residue; testing the silicon-aluminum dissolution rate of the red mud residue after magnetic separation, and judging whether the activated red mud is suitable for preparing the geopolymer mainly by analyzing the dissolution characteristic of the activated red mud in an alkaline environment; the leaching solution has high content of Al and Si elements, and an EDTA titration method and a molybdenum blue spectrophotometry method are respectively adopted for determination; the formula for calculating the dissolution rate of aluminum and silicon elements is shown in formula 1:
(3) preparing a neat paste: mixing the magnetic separation residue and the fly ash according to the proportion of 1 (1-3), and adding an alkaline activator to control the mass ratio of alkali metal atoms to silicon atoms in the net slurry to be 0.19-0.33, and the mass ratio of silicon atoms to aluminum atoms to be 2.01-2.11; adding pure water into the mixture to adjust the water-cement ratio to 0.35-0.45, and uniformly stirring to obtain pure slurry;
(4) curing and forming: pouring the clear paste into a mold, sealing the mold with a preservative film, placing the mold into a sealing bag, maintaining the mold at 60-80 ℃ for 48-72h under normal pressure, taking out the mold, demolding, and performing standard maintenance for 14-28 days to obtain the prepared geopolymer.
The red mud has low silicon-aluminum activity, and the red mud needs to be subjected to excitation pretreatment in the process of preparing the cementing material. According to the invention, the carbonaceous raw material is added for calcination treatment, so that the conversion process of hematite in red mud in the reducing atmosphere formed by the carbonaceous raw material is Fe2O3→Fe3O4→ FeO → Fe, wherein magnetite and iron are magnetic substances and can be directly recovered by magnetic separation, and ferrous oxide is a weak magnetic substance and cannot be recovered by magnetic separation. The invention reduces iron into magnetite with maximum amount as possible according to the principle of energy saving. In addition, the literature reports that too much iron may have negative effects on the preparation of geopolymers, and the reduction of the iron content may be beneficial to the formation of geopolymers; on the other hand, the calcination can lead the structure of silicon and aluminum minerals in the red mud to be disordered. The silicon-aluminum components in the red mud are synchronously activated, so that the preparation of subsequent geopolymer materials is facilitated. The silicon-aluminum element in the red mud synchronously activated in the invention can be effectively activated, and the tetrahedrite can be converted into nepheline and amorphous phase, namely nephelineThe silica-alumina in the stone and amorphous phase has stronger activity and is easier to dissolve in alkali solution. The active silicon-aluminum in the red mud is dissolved in alkaline solution to form silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron which are similar to organic high molecular monomers, the oligomers are subjected to condensation polymerization under the action of an exciting agent to form inorganic high polymer with a net structure, and simultaneously, redundant water is removed and is quickly hardened to form a geopolymer structure. In addition, the content of hematite is reduced in the red mud residue, so that the invention realizes the resource and full-scale utilization of the red mud, and accords with the concept of environmental protection.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
A full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronous activation is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud reduction roasting and aluminum silicon synchronous activation: drying the red mud, grinding the dried red mud to pass through a sieve with 50 meshes, adding coal powder with 5wt% of carbon content into the sieved red mud, reducing and roasting the red mud for 1 hour at 900 ℃, taking out the red mud, cooling the red mud, grinding the red mud, and passing the ground red mud through a sieve with 50 meshes to obtain a reducing and roasting intermediate product.
The red mud is taken from somewhere in Shandong, and the main chemical composition of the red mud is as follows:
TABLE 1 chemical composition of Red mud
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(2) Separating iron ore concentrate and alkali-rich silicon-aluminum residues: mixing 20g of the above materials with water each time, and pouring into a wet magnetic separation tube for magnetic separation with magnetic separation current of 1A. And after the magnetic separation is finished, washing the magnetic concentrate from the magnetic separation tube by using water, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain fine iron ore, washing the magnetic separation residue from the magnetic separation waste liquid, filtering, grinding and sieving to obtain tailings, wherein the concentrate grade and the iron recovery rate are 54.13% and 56.88% respectively. The iron content in the residue was 13.50%, and the silicon-aluminum dissolution rates of the residue were 2.62% and 11.45%, respectively. At the moment, the iron recovery rate reaches the highest, the iron content in the residue is the lowest, the silicon-aluminum dissolution rate determining the geopolymer reaction degree reaches the highest, and the iron recovery process can effectively improve the geopolymer reaction degree of the red mud.
(3) Preparing a neat paste: mixing the tailings prepared in the step (2) with fly ash to obtain mixture powder, wherein the mixing ratio of the tailings to the fly ash is 1: 3; adding 1.5M of water glass into the mixture powder, and adjusting the mass ratio of alkali metal atoms to silicon atoms in the net slurry to be 0.19 and the mass ratio of silicon atoms to aluminum atoms to be 2.06; adding water according to the mass ratio of water to ash of 0.4, and uniformly stirring to obtain pure slurry; the fly ash is taken from a place in Zhejiang, and mainly comprises the following chemical components:
TABLE 2 fly ash chemical composition
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(4) Curing and forming: pouring the clean slurry prepared in the step (3) into a mould of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, sealing the mould by using a preservative film and putting the mould into a sealing bag, curing for 3 days in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain a cured product, taking out the cured product, demolding, and performing standard curing for 14-28 days to obtain the prepared geopolymer. The compressive strength detection shows that the compressive strength of the cured body after natural curing for 28 days is 43.35MPa, and the water content is 14.50%. Fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 are XRD patterns of raw red mud, red mud residue and cured 28d red mud residue-fly ash geopolymer, respectively, and it can be seen from the XRD patterns of raw red mud and red mud residue that the sial element in the synchronously activated red mud can be effectively activated, active sial nepheline is generated, and the tetrahedrite phase is reduced. In addition, the hematite content is reduced in the red mud residue. Comparing the XRD patterns of the red mud residue and the 28d geopolymer shows that the active silicon-aluminum phase substances, such as nepheline, disappear after participating in geopolymerization. FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are SEM images of red mud residue, cured 3d red mud residue-fly ash geopolymer and cured 28d red mud residue-fly ash geopolymer, respectively. Comparing the SEM images, it can be seen that the geopolymer reaction gradually accumulates with the increase of curing time, and a complete geopolymer structure can be generated.
Example 2
A full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud reduction roasting and aluminum silicon synchronous activation: drying the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through a sieve with the aperture of 40 meshes, adding coal powder with the carbon content of 3 wt% into the sieved red mud, reducing and roasting the red mud for 1 hour at 900 ℃, taking out the red mud, cooling the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through the sieve with the aperture of 40 meshes, and obtaining a reducing and roasting intermediate product.
The red mud is taken from somewhere in Shandong, and the main chemical composition of the red mud is as follows:
TABLE 3 chemical composition of Red mud
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(2) Separating iron ore concentrate and alkali-rich silicon-aluminum residues: mixing 20g of the above materials with water each time, and pouring into a wet magnetic separation tube for magnetic separation with magnetic separation current of 1A. And after the magnetic separation is finished, washing the magnetic concentrate from the magnetic separation tube by using water, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain fine iron ore, washing the magnetic separation residue from the magnetic separation waste liquid, filtering, grinding and sieving to obtain tailings, wherein the concentrate grade and the iron recovery rate are 53.14% and 34.05% respectively. The iron content in the residue was 16.80%, and the silicon-aluminum dissolution rates of the residue were 2.20% and 10.46%, respectively.
(3) Preparing a neat paste: mixing the tailings prepared in the step (2) with fly ash to obtain mixture powder, wherein the mixing ratio of the tailings to the fly ash is 1: 2; adding the mixture powder into 1.5M water glass, and adjusting the mass ratio of alkali metal atoms to silicon atoms to 2.11; adding water according to the water-cement ratio of 0.4, and uniformly stirring to obtain pure slurry; the fly ash is taken from a place in Zhejiang, and mainly comprises the following chemical components:
TABLE 4 fly ash chemical composition
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(4) Curing and forming: pouring the clean slurry prepared in the step (3) into a mould of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, sealing the mould by using a preservative film and putting the mould into a sealing bag, curing the mould in an oven at 60 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a cured product, taking out the cured product, demolding, and performing standard curing for 14 to 28 days to obtain the prepared geopolymer. The compressive strength detection shows that the compressive strength of the cured body after natural curing for 28 days is 37.9MPa, and the water content is 16.50%.
Example 3
A full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud reduction roasting and aluminum silicon synchronous activation: drying the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through a sieve with the aperture of 45 meshes, adding coal powder with the carbon content of 4 wt% into the sieved red mud, reducing and roasting the red mud for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 1000 ℃, taking out the red mud, cooling the red mud, grinding the red mud, and passing the ground red mud through the sieve with the aperture of 45 meshes to obtain a reducing and roasting intermediate product. The red mud is taken from somewhere in Shandong, and the main chemical composition of the red mud is as follows:
TABLE 5 chemical composition of Red mud
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(2) Separating iron ore concentrate and alkali-rich aluminum-silicon residues: mixing 20g of the above materials with water each time, and pouring into a wet magnetic separation tube for magnetic separation at a magnetic separation current of 1.5A. And after the magnetic separation is finished, washing the magnetic concentrate from the magnetic separation tube by using water, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain fine iron ore, washing the magnetic separation residue from the magnetic separation waste liquid, filtering, grinding and sieving to obtain tailings, wherein the concentrate grade and the iron recovery rate are 55.14% and 45.05% respectively. The iron content in the residue is 14.65%, and the silicon-aluminum dissolution rates of the residue are 2.35% and 11.03%, respectively.
(3) Preparing a neat paste: mixing the tailings prepared in the step (2) with fly ash to obtain mixture powder, wherein the mixing ratio of the tailings to the fly ash is 1: 3; adding sodium hydroxide into the mixture powder, and adjusting the mass ratio of alkali metal atoms to silicon atoms to be 0.19 and the mass ratio of silicon atoms to aluminum atoms to be 2.05; adding water according to the water-cement ratio of 0.45, and uniformly stirring to obtain pure slurry; the fly ash is taken from a place in Zhejiang, and mainly comprises the following chemical components:
TABLE 6 fly ash chemical composition
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(4) Curing and forming: pouring the clean slurry prepared in the step (3) into a mould of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, sealing the mould by using a preservative film and putting the mould into a sealing bag, curing for 2 days in an oven at 70 ℃ to obtain a cured product, taking out the cured product, demolding, and performing standard curing for 14-28 days to obtain the prepared geopolymer. The compressive strength detection shows that the compressive strength of the cured body after natural curing for 28 days is 39.9MPa, and the water content is 15.50%.
Example 4
A full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud reduction roasting and aluminum silicon synchronous activation: drying the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through a sieve with the aperture of 30 meshes, adding coal powder with the carbon content of 2 wt% into the sieved red mud, reducing and roasting the red mud for 0.5 hour at 800 ℃, taking out the red mud, cooling the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through the sieve with the aperture of 30 meshes, and obtaining a reducing and roasting intermediate product. The red mud is taken from somewhere in Shandong, and the main chemical composition of the red mud is as follows:
TABLE 7 chemical composition of red mud
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(2) Separating iron ore concentrate and alkali-rich aluminum-silicon residues: mixing 20g of the above materials with water each time, and pouring into a wet magnetic separation tube for magnetic separation at a magnetic separation current of 0.5A. And after the magnetic separation is finished, washing the magnetic concentrate from the magnetic separation tube by using water, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain fine iron ore, washing the magnetic separation residue from the magnetic separation waste liquid, filtering, grinding and sieving to obtain tailings, wherein the concentrate grade and the iron recovery rate are respectively 49.89% and 16.92%. The iron content in the residue was 18.83%, and the silicon-aluminum dissolution rates of the residue were 2.10% and 10.30%, respectively.
(3) Preparing a neat paste: mixing the tailings prepared in the step (2) with fly ash to obtain mixture powder, wherein the mixing ratio of the tailings to the fly ash is 1: 1; adding potassium hydroxide into the mixture powder, and adjusting the mass ratio of alkali metal atoms to silicon atoms to be 0.33 and the mass ratio of silicon atoms to aluminum atoms to be 2.01; adding water according to the water-cement ratio of 0.35 and uniformly stirring to obtain pure slurry; the fly ash is taken from a place in Zhejiang, and mainly comprises the following chemical components:
TABLE 8 fly ash chemical composition
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(4) Curing and forming: pouring the clean slurry prepared in the step (3) into a mould of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, sealing the mould by using a preservative film and putting the mould into a sealing bag, curing for 2 days in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain a cured product, taking out the cured product, demolding, and performing standard curing for 14-28 days to obtain the prepared geopolymer. The compressive strength detection shows that the compressive strength of the cured body after natural curing for 28 days is 36.95MPa, and the water content is 16.91%.
Example 5
A full-scale utilization method of red mud for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud reduction roasting and aluminum silicon synchronous activation: drying the red mud, grinding the red mud to pass through a sieve with the aperture of 50 meshes, adding coal powder with the carbon content of 7.5wt% into the sieved red mud, reducing and roasting the red mud for 1 hour at 900 ℃, taking out the red mud, cooling the red mud, grinding the red mud, and passing the red mud through the sieve with the aperture of 50 meshes to obtain a reducing and roasting intermediate product. The red mud is taken from somewhere in Shandong, and the main chemical composition of the red mud is as follows:
TABLE 9 chemical composition of Red mud
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
(2) Separating iron ore concentrate and alkali-rich aluminum-silicon residues: mixing 20g of the above materials with water each time, and pouring into a wet magnetic separation tube for magnetic separation with magnetic separation current of 1A. And after the magnetic separation is finished, washing the magnetic concentrate from the magnetic separation tube by using water, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain fine iron ore, washing the magnetic separation residue from the magnetic separation waste liquid, filtering, grinding and sieving to obtain tailings, wherein the concentrate grade and the iron recovery rate are respectively 43.13% and 36.68%. The iron content in the residue was 17.55%, and the silicon-aluminum dissolution rates of the residue were 2.26% and 10.05%, respectively.
(3) Preparing a neat paste: mixing the tailings prepared in the step (2) with fly ash to obtain mixture powder, wherein the mixing ratio of the tailings to the fly ash is 1: 3; adding 1.5M of water glass into the mixture powder, and adjusting the mass ratio of alkali metal atoms to silicon atoms to be 0.19 and the mass ratio of silicon atoms to aluminum atoms to be 2.09; adding water according to the water-cement ratio of 0.4, and uniformly stirring to obtain pure slurry; the fly ash is taken from a place in Zhejiang, and mainly comprises the following chemical components:
TABLE 10 fly ash chemical composition
Note: LOI represents loss on ignition, 1200 deg.C
Curing and forming: pouring the clean slurry prepared in the step (3) into a mould of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, sealing the mould by using a preservative film and putting the mould into a sealing bag, curing for 3 days in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain a cured product, taking out the cured product, demolding, and performing standard curing for 14-28 days to obtain the prepared geopolymer. The compressive strength detection shows that the compressive strength of the cured body after natural curing for 28 days is 39.65MPa, and the water content is 15.50%.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A full-scale utilization method for reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activated red mud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drying the red mud, grinding the dried red mud into powder, sieving the powder, adding a carbon-based reducing agent, and then carrying out reduction roasting to obtain a reduction roasting intermediate product; in the reduction roasting process, ferric oxide in the red mud is reduced into ferroferric oxide, meanwhile, silicon-aluminum elements in the red mud are activated, and noselite is converted into nepheline and an amorphous phase;
(2) mixing the reduction roasting intermediate product obtained in the step (1) with water, and then carrying out magnetic separation by adopting a magnetic separator; the ferroferric oxide is enriched in the magnetic separation tube to realize separation and recovery, so that an iron concentrate product is obtained, and the magnetic separation suspension is filtered to obtain magnetic separation residues;
(3) mixing the magnetic separation residue obtained in the step (2) with fly ash, adding sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or water glass to form an alkaline environment, and then adding water to obtain a pure slurry; the nepheline and amorphous phase in the net slurry form silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron structural units under an alkaline environment;
(4) pouring the clean slurry obtained in the step (3) into a mold, heating and curing under a sealed condition, taking out the mold, demolding, and curing again to enable the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron structure units to form an inorganic polymer with a three-dimensional network structure, namely obtaining a geopolymer;
the current in the magnetic separation in the step (2) is 0.5-1.5A, and the mass percent of iron in the magnetic separation residues in the step (2) is 13.50-18.38%;
the mass ratio of the magnetic separation residue to the fly ash in the step (3) is 1 (1-3); the ratio of the amount of the alkali metal atoms to the amount of the silicon atoms in the slurry is 0.19 to 0.33, and the ratio of the amount of the silicon atoms to the amount of the aluminum atoms in the slurry is 2.01 to 2.11.
2. The full-scale utilization method of the red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating silicon and aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 800-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 0.5-1.5 h.
3. The method for full-scale utilization of red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activation according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the carbon-based reducing agent in the step (1) is 2-7.5wt% of the mass of the red mud.
4. The method for full-scale utilization of red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activation according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-based reducing agent in the step (1) is coal powder or biomass, wherein the mass of carbon element accounts for 40-98%.
5. The method for full-scale utilization of red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activation according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of water added in the step (3) to the mass sum of the magnetic separation residue and the fly ash is 0.35-0.45.
6. The method for full-scale utilization of red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and silicon-aluminum synchronous activation according to claim 1, wherein the screening mesh number in the step (1) is 30-50 meshes.
7. The method for full-scale utilization of red mud obtained by reducing, roasting, separating and recovering iron and synchronously activating silicon and aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the temperature for heating and maintaining in the step (3) is 60-80 ℃, and the time for heating and maintaining is 48-72 h; the temperature of the secondary curing is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity of the secondary curing is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the time of the secondary curing is 14-28 days.
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