CN111960535B - Ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological carbon source matrix for artificial wetland, a preparation method and application thereof, and the ecological carbon source matrix for the artificial wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps: a carbon source layer; the activated sludge layer is wrapped outside the carbon source layer and contains aerobic strains and anoxic strains; the inorganic material layer is wrapped outside the activated sludge layer, and the inorganic material layer and the activated sludge layer are connected in a crosslinking manner to form an external framework with a porous and high-water-permeability structure; the mass ratio of the carbon source layer to the activated sludge layer to the inorganic material layer is 3-5: 1: 6-10. The activated sludge is added to achieve the function of quickly enriching microbial communities in the constructed wetland system, and meanwhile, the quantity of organic carbon sources released from the carbon source layer into the water body can be effectively reduced, and the influence on the water body caused by excessive release of organic matters is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feedwater treatment, in particular to an ecological carbon source substrate for an artificial wetland and an ecological carbon source substrate
A preparation method and application.
Background
At present, the problem of higher nitrogen content of effluent water treated by an artificial wetland and the like due to water quality pollution is solved, the problem of insufficient carbon source in a water body is often solved when a traditional biological denitrification process is adopted, so that the problem becomes a serious restriction factor of denitrification efficiency in the water treatment engineering, and in the actual engineering operation, in order to obtain a better denitrification effect, a method of additionally adding a small molecular carbon source is often adopted to supplement an electron donor required by denitrification. The traditional carbon source is mainly organic solution containing small molecules such as methanol, ethanol, acetate, glucose, sucrose and the like.
However, the price of such carbon sources is relatively expensive, and the continuous addition of carbon sources greatly increases the running cost. Moreover, due to the fluctuation of the quality and quantity of inlet water, the problems of insufficient or excessive adding quantity and the like easily occur when the equipment is continuously added; when the adding amount of the organic carbon is insufficient, C/N in the water body is low, denitrification is not performed thoroughly, and the denitrification effect is poor; when the adding amount is too high, the denitrification is also restricted, the waste of carbon sources can be caused, and meanwhile, the redundant carbon sources can cause secondary pollution to the effluent quality. Aiming at the problems, the research on a novel ecological carbon source base becomes a hotspot problem in the field of treating low C/N sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological carbon source substrate for an artificial wetland
And a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland, comprising:
a carbon source layer;
the activated sludge layer is wrapped outside the carbon source layer and contains aerobic strains and anoxic strains;
the inorganic material layer is wrapped outside the activated sludge layer, and the inorganic material layer and the activated sludge layer are connected in a crosslinking manner to form an external framework with a porous and high-water-permeability structure;
the mass ratio of the carbon source layer to the activated sludge layer to the inorganic material layer is 3-5: 1: 6-10.
Furthermore, nitrogen-containing substances in the water body can enter the slow-release carbon source layer through the porous structure of the inorganic material layer, and aerobic strains and anoxic strains in the activated sludge layer can gather towards the direction of the carbon source layer, so that various physiological activities of the aerobic strains and the anoxic strains can be concentrated inside the carbon source layer.
Further, the carbon source layer is an aquatic plant, and ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant are disconnected.
Further, the specific surface area of the ecological carbon source substrate is more than 10000m2/kg。
Furthermore, the inorganic material layer is a mixture of quartz sand, portland cement and slag, wherein the quartz sand content is the largest, and the slag content is not lower than 15%, due to the addition of the slag, the quartz sand and the like, a plurality of pores and channels can be formed on the inorganic material layer after solidification and forming through a reasonable mixing proportion, and the inorganic material layer has the advantages of large specific surface area, easiness in film formation, good mass transfer and the like, and can form a porous support body on the surface of the ecological carbon source substrate, namely an external framework with a high water permeability structure.
The inorganic material layer is made of quartz sand, slag, portland cement and other materials, the materials are mixed with water and are solidified and molded by adjusting the mixing ratio of the cement, the quartz sand, the slag and the like, and fine and irregular inorganic materials such as the quartz sand, the slag and the like can form a plurality of tiny pores in the plasticizing and molding stage of the portland cement by adding water and mixing, so that the specific surface area of the inorganic materials is increased, the inorganic materials have an external skeleton with a porous and high-water-permeability structure, the growth of microorganisms is facilitated, the release of an organic carbon source is slowed down, and a plurality of anoxic or anaerobic treatment areas are formed.
Further, the diameter of the carbon source layer is 5-12mm, and the outer diameter of the inorganic material layer is 9-16 mm.
According to one aspect of the invention, the preparation method of the ecological carbon source substrate for the artificial wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pulverizing aquatic plants, sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve, and dewatering to obtain plant powder;
drying the plant powder at 50-100 ℃, and granulating the dried plant powder to obtain microspheres with the diameter of 5-12 mm;
wrapping an activated sludge layer on the periphery of the microspheres, and dehydrating and drying the activated sludge layer to ensure that the thickness of the activated sludge layer is 0.5-1.5 mm;
inorganic materials and the activated sludge layer are used for crosslinking and solidifying to form an external skeleton with a porous and high-water-permeability structure to obtain the ecological carbon source substrate.
Further, before dehydration treatment, the method also comprises the following steps: modifying the aquatic plant under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition, and then soaking the aquatic plant for 0.5-4 hours by using a solution with the pH value of more than 7 to disconnect ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant, wherein the temperature under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition is 100-150 ℃, and the pressure is 35-80 kpa.
Further, the prepared ecological carbon source matrix is placed in a cool and dry place, water is periodically added for wetting and drying for 3-5 days, and the ecological carbon source matrix is solidified.
According to an aspect of the invention, the application of any one of the ecological carbon source matrixes for the artificial wetland in sewage treatment is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can play a role in quickly enriching microbial communities in the constructed wetland system by adding the activated sludge, and simultaneously, effectively slows down the carbon source released by the carbon source layer into the water body and reduces the influence on the water body caused by excessive release. The carbon source can stably supply organic carbon in water for a long time, the organic carbon released by the carbon source layer can be directly utilized by microorganisms on the activated sludge layer, and meanwhile, nitrogen-containing substances in the water body can enter the slow-release carbon source through the pores of the inorganic material layer, so that the aim of realizing a series of microbial physiological activities such as nitrification, denitrification and the like in the denitrification process in the carbon source can be directly fulfilled.
The carbon source can slowly release the organic carbon source utilized by the denitrifying bacteria in the water body and can be stably supplied for a long time, the ecological carbon source matrix can be added into treatment systems such as the artificial wetland and the like at one time, the debugging period of the artificial wetland is shortened, the process operation management is convenient, and the problem of adding the carbon source for biological denitrification of the low C/N sewage can be effectively and pertinently solved.
2. According to the invention, the aquatic plants around natural lakes and rivers, such as reeds, can be selected, and the plants such as reeds around rivers in summer grow vigorously.
3. The aquatic plant is modified under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and then the aquatic plant is soaked for 0.5 to 4 hours by using a solution with the pH value of more than 7, so that the effect of disconnecting ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant is to destroy the original carbon structure of the reed, reduce ash components on the surface of the reed and destroy the original molecular structure of a refractory substance. Meanwhile, the content of pigment and the release of substances such as N, P can be greatly reduced, the pollution to the water body is reduced, more substances such as cellulose in the plants are exposed in the water body, the direct contact area with the water body is increased, and the aquatic plants can effectively release the carbon source so as to increase the denitrification potential of the aquatic plants.
4. The plant powder is dried at the temperature of 50-100 ℃, so that the carbon source matrix particles can be prevented from being crushed due to volume expansion when absorbing water; meanwhile, the total amount of plant materials in the carbon source matrix can be relatively increased, and the release period is prolonged. And (3) granulating the dried plant fiber by using a biochar granulator to ensure that the diameter of the plant fiber is between 5 and 12mm, compacting the plant fiber into a spherical shape during granulation, and increasing the density by compression molding to better increase the release period.
5. The activated sludge layer contains aerobic strains and anoxic strains, and when the activated sludge layer is added into a water body, the microorganism enrichment can be rapidly carried out on the newly-built artificial wetland, the debugging period of the artificial wetland is shortened, and the purification efficiency of the wetland to the water body can be obviously improved.
6. The inorganic material is in cross-linking with the activated sludge layer to form an external framework with a porous and high-water-permeability structure, so that the aim of slowly releasing a carbon source can be fulfilled, environments with different dissolved oxygen concentrations are provided for microorganisms, the growth and the propagation of different microbial colonies are guaranteed, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification are realized, meanwhile, the mode that the traditional carbon source releases organic matters into water to improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water is changed, and the problem of secondary pollution of the organic matters caused by adding the carbon source is reduced.
7. The activated sludge layer can achieve the purpose of reducing COD released into the water body of the artificial wetland, organic carbon released by the carbon source layer can be directly utilized by microorganisms of the activated sludge layer, meanwhile, nitrogen-containing substances in the water body can enter the slow-release carbon source through the pores of the inorganic material layer, and the purpose of achieving a series of microbial physiological activities such as nitrification, denitrification and the like in the denitrification process inside the carbon source can be directly achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological carbon source substrate for an artificial wetland;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an ecological carbon source substrate for an artificial wetland;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an artificial wetland operating system;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the comparison result of the effluent effect of the blank wetland and the carbon source wetland.
Reference numerals shown in the drawings: 1-a carbon source layer; 2-activated sludge blanket; 3-inorganic material layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1:
an ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland, comprising:
a carbon source layer; the carbon source layer is an aquatic plant, and the aquatic plant is subjected to modification treatment, so that ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose are disconnected.
The activated sludge layer is wrapped outside the carbon source layer, the activated sludge layer contains aerobic bacteria and anoxic bacteria, and as an alternative, a plurality of permeable pores are arranged outside the activated sludge layer, and the permeable pores can form a plurality of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic micro-processing areas, so that proper conditions are provided for realizing nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
Inorganic materials wrapped outside the activated sludge layer, wherein the inorganic materials form an external framework with a porous and high-water-permeability structure through crosslinking; the inorganic material is a mixture of quartz sand, portland cement and slag, wherein the quartz sand content is the largest, and the slag content is not lower than 15%, the portland cement content is properly reduced, the mechanical strength is ensured, and the water permeability of the inorganic material layer is enhanced.
The outermost layer is an inorganic material layer, the main components of the outermost layer are inorganic silicate materials, quartz sand, slag and the like, and the outermost layer is a curing structure of a matrix and an attached habitat for biological growth; the middle layer is a microorganism activated sludge layer which can be used for domestication and supplement of microorganism population and is used as a denitrification treatment layer; the inner layer is a carbon source layer, and the main component is modified plant straw fiber which is used as the main component for releasing carbon from the carbon source. The diameter of the carbon source layer is 5-12mm, the outer diameter of the inorganic material is 9-16mm, and the mass ratio of the carbon source layer to the activated sludge layer to the inorganic material layer is 3: 1: 6, and the specific surface area of the ecological carbon source substrate is more than 10000m2/kg。
Activated sludge layer: can quickly enrich microbial communities in the constructed wetland system. Meanwhile, organic carbon released to the water body of the artificial wetland by the carbon source layer is reduced, and the threat of overhigh COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the water body caused by release is reduced. Due to the growth tendency of the microorganisms, the microorganisms can gather towards the direction of organic matters, so that various physiological activities of the microorganisms gathered in the carbon source can be concentrated in the carbon source; through detection, a large number of microorganisms are attached to the surface of the carbon source, and the microorganisms use the carbon source as a habitat for growth and propagation, so that a large number of biological reactions including denitrification reactions can occur in a carbon source inorganic material layer and an activated sludge layer, the influence of organic carbon on a water body can be reduced, a series of physiological processes such as microbial denitrification and the like can be rapidly carried out in a slow-release carbon source, and the utilization of the slow-release carbon source is greatly superior to the utilization of the traditional external carbon source.
The embodiment provides a method for preparing the ecological carbon source substrate, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing aquatic plants, and sieving the crushed aquatic plants with a 60-100-mesh sieve to modify the aquatic plants, wherein the modification process comprises the following steps: performing modification treatment under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and then soaking the aquatic plant for 0.5-4 hours by using a solution with the pH value of more than 7 to disconnect ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant, wherein the temperature under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure is 100-150 ℃, and the pressure is 35-80 kpa; then dewatering to obtain plant powder;
step 2: drying the plant powder at 50-100 ℃, and granulating the dried plant powder to obtain microspheres with the diameter of 5-12 mm;
and step 3: wrapping an activated sludge layer on the periphery of the microspheres, and dehydrating and drying the activated sludge layer to ensure that the thickness of the activated sludge layer is 0.5-1.5 mm;
the activated sludge is obtained from residual sludge of a sewage treatment plant after dehydration treatment, and the main component of the activated sludge is various active microbial populations. The dehydrated vegetable fiber has good adsorption performance, and can improve the function of water environment ecological restoration by bonding an external inorganic material layer and an internal crushed vegetable fiber; meanwhile, the sludge is recycled.
And 4, step 4: and (2) carrying out surface layer cross-linking by using various inorganic materials to form an external skeleton with a porous and high-water-permeability structure to obtain an ecological carbon source matrix, placing the prepared ecological carbon source matrix in a cool and dry place, periodically adding water for wetting and drying for 3-5 days, and solidifying the ecological carbon source matrix.
The embodiment is mainly characterized in that the activated sludge layer is added into the carbon source substrate, so that the diffusion speed of organic carbon to the water body can be effectively slowed down, and the phenomenon of overhigh COD of the effluent water caused by adding the carbon source into the water body is reduced. The denitrification of the microorganisms is mostly concentrated in the slow-release carbon source particles, and finally nitrogen is converted into nitrogen and released out of the water body. The problem of overhigh initial dissolution rate generally exists when the traditional plant material is used as an external carbon source, and the carbon source substrate prepared by the method can treat organic matters dissolved out in the initial stage in the particle body, so that the problem of overhigh COD (chemical oxygen demand) of effluent caused in the initial stage is solved. Meanwhile, the carbon source substrate is also a carrier for enriching various microorganisms, so that the biomass in the wetland is greatly improved, and the water treatment effect is obviously improved.
The embodiment provides a practical experimental example of the application of the ecological carbon source matrix for the artificial wetland in sewage treatment,
in 2 groups of constructed horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland systems (No. 1 and No. 2 constructed wetlands, the emphasis of experiments is on ecological carbon source substrates, so a blank control group for verifying the feasibility of the ecological carbon source substrates by designing a wetland system is designed), the length of a simulation device is 1.5m, the width is 0.5m, the depth is 0.7m, the depth of the substrate is set to be 0.6m, and the porosity of the constructed wetlands is 45%.
The No. 1 artificial wetland substrate (blank wetland) is gravel (20-30 mm), slag (30-50 mm) is marked as a blank carbon source substrate group, and the No. 2 artificial wetland (carbon source wetland) substrate filler is a novel ecological carbon source substrate. The plants planted in the artificial wetland are reeds, the front end and the rear end of the artificial wetland are respectively provided with a water inlet area and a water outlet area, the three sections are divided into six parts by partition plates, and communication ports are staggered up and down on each partition plate. The water flow continuously enters the water inlet area from the water storage tank, sequentially passes through the front section filling area, the middle section filling area and the rear section filling area, finally reaches the water outlet area, is collected and discharged by the water outlet, and the artificial wetland operation system is shown in figure 2;
inlet water quality: wetland influent adding C to water6H12O6，KNO3，NH4CL，KH2PO4A set of slightly polluted water is simulated, the C/N ratio is determined to be 2/1, and the TN content in the slightly polluted water is properly increased. (COD: 60mg/L, TN: 30mg/L, ammonia nitrogen: 10mg/L, nitrate nitrogen: 20mg/L, total phosphorus: 1.5 mg/L).
Secondly, operation detection: the wetland adopts a continuous operation mode, the hydraulic retention time HRT is 24h, the C/N ratio of water quality of the artificial wetland added with the ecological carbon source matrix is determined by feeding water into the artificial wetland, the accumulated C/N ratio is determined according to the carbon and nitrogen release ratio of the ecological carbon source matrix, and the denitrification effect and the change of effluent COD are observed by the purification and removal effect of various pollutants on the artificial wetland.
Analysis of test data:
the effluent effect ratio of the blank wetland and the carbon source wetland is shown in figure 3;
alpha diversity analysis
Sixthly, distribution conditions of main bacteria are as follows: genus denitrificans
The relative abundance of the bacterial with nitrosation and nitrification in the artificial wetland group high-throughput sample (carbon source wetland) added with the ecological carbon source matrix is 2.46 percent, and the relative abundance of the bacterial with denitrification is 34.59 percent; the relative abundance of the bacterial with nitrosation and nitrification in the artificial wetland group sample (blank wetland) added with gravel is only 0.89%, and the relative abundance of the bacterial with denitrification is only 15.45%. It can be seen that the novel ecological carbon source substrate is beneficial to the enrichment and growth of microorganisms because the specific surface area of the ecological carbon source substrate is more than 10000m2The invention can utilize the strains in the ecological carbon source matrix more quickly compared with other carbon source matrixes needing to attach microorganisms slowly.
When the ecological carbon source matrix is added into low C/N water bodies such as artificial wetlands, microbial communities can be formed in the carbon source matrix, and organic carbon released in the matrix and nitrogen immersed in the carbon source in the water body perform denitrification and denitrification in carbon source particles.
Example 2:
an ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland, comprising:
a carbon source layer; the carbon source layer is an aquatic plant, and the aquatic plant is subjected to modification treatment, so that ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose are disconnected.
The activated sludge layer is wrapped outside the carbon source layer, the activated sludge layer contains aerobic strains and anoxic strains, and as an alternative, a plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the activated sludge layer, and the permeable holes can form a plurality of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic micro-processing areas, so that proper conditions are provided for realizing nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
The inorganic material is wrapped outside the activated sludge layer, and the inorganic material and the activated sludge layer are subjected to cross-linking to form an external framework with a porous and high-water-permeability structure; the inorganic material is a mixture of quartz sand, portland cement, and slag, wherein the quartz sand content is the largest, and the slag content is not less than 15%.
The outermost layer is an inorganic material layer, the main components of the outermost layer are inorganic silicate materials, quartz sand, slag and the like, and the outermost layer is a solidified framework structure of a matrix and an attached habitat for biological growth; the middle layer is a microorganism activated sludge layer which can be used for domestication and supplement of microorganism population and is used as a denitrification treatment layer; the inner layer is a carbon source layer, and the main component is modified plant straw fiber which is used as the main component for releasing carbon from the carbon source. The diameter of the carbon source layer is about 8mm, the outer diameter of the inorganic material is 9-12mm, and the mass ratio of the carbon source layer to the activated sludge layer to the inorganic material layer is 5: 1: 10, and the specific surface area of the ecological carbon source substrate is more than 10000m2/kg。
The embodiment provides a method for preparing the ecological carbon source substrate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treating plant materials: the method comprises the steps of taking aquatic plants, collecting the aquatic plants such as reed, cleaning, taking stem and leaf parts of the plants, cutting into pieces, placing the pieces into a high-speed crusher for crushing, and sieving with a 60-100-mesh sieve, wherein the purpose of mechanical crushing is to directly reduce the granularity of plant materials, increase the specific surface area of the plant materials and improve the availability of microorganisms and various enzyme proteins thereof to a plant carbon source matrix.
(2) Modification treatment: the modification process comprises the following steps: modifying under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, and then soaking the aquatic plant in a sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is not too high, so that ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant are disconnected, wherein the temperature under the condition of high temperature and high pressure is 100-150 ℃, and the pressure is 35-80 kpa; the function is to destroy the original carbon structure of the reed, the ester bond and ether bond connection between the lignin and the hemicellulose are interrupted, the hydrogen bond between the cellulose and the hemicellulose is weakened, the crystallinity of various high molecular compounds is effectively reduced, and the release of organic carbon is promoted. Meanwhile, when the plant straws are used as an external carbon source, because the decomposition of the biological carbon is restricted by attached microorganisms, the defects caused by using a soluble organic carbon source in the traditional process are relieved to a certain extent, the content of pigment and the release of substances such as N, P can be greatly reduced, the pollution to a water body is reduced, more substances such as cellulose in the plants can be exposed in the water body, the direct contact area with the water body is increased, and the carbon source can be effectively released by the reed, so that the denitrification potential of the reed is increased.
(3) Compacting the plant body: and then carrying out dehydration treatment to obtain plant powder, putting the plant powder into an oven, and drying the residual moisture of the pretreated plants under the temperature control condition of 60 ℃. The purpose is to ensure that the carbon source substrate particles can prevent the whole carbon source substrate from being crushed due to volume expansion when absorbing water; meanwhile, the total amount of plant materials in the carbon source matrix can be further increased, and the release period is prolonged. Compacting the dried plant fiber into a sphere by using a biochar granulator, enabling the diameter of the sphere to be about 8mm, and compressing and molding for later use. The mechanical strength of the plant carbon source substrate synthesized in the step is far higher than that of an untreated natural plant material, and meanwhile, after the treatment, the effective carbon content is obviously increased, and the release period can be better increased due to the high density of the plant carbon source substrate.
(4) Drying sludge in the middle layer: and (3) taking the residual sludge of the sewage treatment plant for cleaning, filtering and drying, and wrapping the sludge on the periphery of the compacted plant for the second time. And (3) placing the material wrapping the residual sludge into a mold with a spherical diameter of 3cm, and placing the mold in a normal temperature environment for sludge dehydration and drying. The volume of the dewatered sludge is reduced, the average thickness is about 1mm, and the drying effect is obvious. The activated sludge layer contains aerobic and anoxic strains, and when the activated sludge layer is added into a water body, microorganism enrichment can be rapidly carried out on the newly-built artificial wetland, the debugging period of the artificial wetland is shortened, and the purification efficiency of the wetland to the water body can be obviously improved.
(5) Outer layer framework material: and (3) carrying out surface layer gluing on inorganic materials such as quartz sand, ordinary portland cement, slag and the like and the spherical particles. Granulating various materials in a disc granulator according to a proportion, wherein under the condition of a rotating speed of 20r/min, various fine inorganic materials can be attached to the outer layer of microorganisms, water mist is continuously sprayed to the surface of the microorganisms, quartz sand, slag mixed cement and water are mixed with one another and are solidified and formed, the formed surface structure is various irregular inorganic particles, and a plurality of pores exist among the inorganic particles, so that porous substances similar to activated carbon can be formed. Slowly shaking up to form balls.
In the granulation process, the surface of the carbon source material needs to be wetted by continuously spraying water mist. The formed carbon source substrate particles are molded to have a diameter of about 10mm, placed in a cool and dry place, and are wetted and dried by adding water regularly every day, so that the synthesized material is firm, stable and solidified within 3-5 days. The inorganic material can be construction waste, can achieve the purpose of recycling the construction waste, and meanwhile, the outer framework made of the inorganic material can further enhance the mechanical strength of the carbon source matrix, and the main component of the inorganic material is quartz sand, and can also be used as a supplement material of the wetland matrix. The external framework material of the carbon source matrix is connected into a porous and high-water-permeability structural framework layer in a crosslinking manner through cement, so that the aim of slowly releasing the carbon source can be fulfilled, environments with different dissolved oxygen concentrations such as anaerobism and hypoxia are provided for microorganisms, the growth and the propagation of microorganisms of different bacterial colonies are guaranteed, and the nitrification and denitrification effects are realized at the same time.
In the later stage of releasing the carbon source, along with the continuous release of the organic carbon source, the biological material in the slow-release carbon source is gradually softened and decomposed, the number of microbial communities is gradually increased, and a biological membrane is formed in the carbon source, so that the sewage purification of the artificial wetland is facilitated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the features described above have similar functions to (but are not limited to) those disclosed in this application.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland, which is characterized by comprising: a carbon source layer;
the activated sludge layer is wrapped outside the carbon source layer and contains aerobic strains and anoxic strains;
the inorganic material layer is wrapped outside the activated sludge layer and forms an external framework with a porous structure through crosslinking;
the mass ratio of the carbon source layer to the activated sludge layer to the inorganic material layer is 3-5: 1: 6-10;
the nitrogen-containing substances in the water body can enter the slow-release carbon source through the porous structure of the inorganic material layer, and aerobic strains and anoxic strains in the activated sludge layer can gather towards the direction of the carbon source layer, so that various physiological activities of the aerobic strains and the anoxic strains can be concentrated inside the carbon source layer.
2. The ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source layer is an aquatic plant, and ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant are disconnected.
3. The ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the ecological carbon source substrate is more than 10000m2/kg。
4. The ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic material layer is a mixture of quartz sand, portland cement and slag, wherein the quartz sand content is the most and the slag content is not less than 15%.
5. The ecological carbon source matrix for artificial wetland according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source layer comprises microspheres with a diameter of 5-12mm, and the inorganic material layer comprises an outer diameter of 9-16 mm.
6. The preparation method of the ecological carbon source substrate for the artificial wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
pulverizing aquatic plants, sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve, and dewatering to obtain plant powder;
drying the plant powder at 50-100 ℃, and granulating the dried plant powder to obtain microspheres with the diameter of 5-12 mm;
wrapping an activated sludge layer on the periphery of the microspheres, and dehydrating and drying the activated sludge layer to ensure that the thickness of the activated sludge layer is 0.5-1.5 mm;
and (3) crosslinking an inorganic material with the activated sludge layer to form an external skeleton with a porous and high-water-permeability structure, thereby obtaining the ecological carbon source substrate.
7. The method for preparing the ecological carbon source substrate for the artificial wetland according to claim 6, further comprising the following steps of: modifying the aquatic plant under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition, and then soaking the aquatic plant for 0.5-4 hours by using a solution with the pH value of more than 7 to disconnect ester bonds and ether bonds between lignin and hemicellulose of the aquatic plant, wherein the temperature under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition is 100-150 ℃, and the pressure is 35-80 kpa.
8. The method for preparing the ecological carbon source matrix for the artificial wetland as claimed in claim 6, wherein the prepared ecological carbon source matrix is placed in a cool and dry place, and is wetted and dried for 3-5 days by periodically adding water to solidify the ecological carbon source matrix.
9. The use of the ecological carbon source substrate for artificial wetland according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in sewage treatment.
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| CN103739089A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-04-23 | 南京大学 | Composite functional material for performing biochemical combined remediation on polluted underwater and preparation method for composite functional material |
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